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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificación_interna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Clasificación interna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificación_interna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descripción_lingüística" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripción_lingüística"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descripción lingüística</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descripción_lingüística-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Descripción lingüística</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descripción_lingüística-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparación_léxica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparación_léxica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Comparación léxica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparación_léxica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Referencias</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enlaces_exteriores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_exteriores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Enlaces exteriores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_exteriores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenguas kx'a</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 10 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kx%CA%BCa_languages" title="Kxʼa languages (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kxʼa languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_kx%27a" title="Langues kx'a (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues kx'a" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Kx%CA%BCa" title="Harshen Kxʼa (hausa)" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Kxʼa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Kx%CA%BCa" title="Asụsụ Kxʼa (igbo)" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Kxʼa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="ジュー・ホアン語族 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュー・ホアン語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="카어족 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_johoana" title="Fiteny johoana (malgache)" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny johoana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_kx%27a" title="Lengas kx'a (occitano)" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas kx'a" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_Kx%CA%BCa" title="Ngữ hệ Kxʼa (vietnamita)" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Kxʼa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="科语系 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科语系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6450587#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lenguas_kx%27a" title="Ver la página de contenido [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artículo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discusi%C3%B3n:Lenguas_kx%27a" rel="discussion" title="Discusión acerca de la página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">español</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lenguas_kx%27a"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=history" title="Versiones anteriores de esta página [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Herramientas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Herramientas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Herramientas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lenguas_kx%27a"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/Lenguas_kx%27a" title="Lista de todas las páginas de la wiki que enlazan aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo que enlaza aquí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Lenguas_kx%27a" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes en las páginas que enlazan con esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios en enlazadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=es" title="Subir archivos [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Subir archivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Lista de todas las páginas especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&oldid=155133723" title="Enlace permanente a esta versión de la página"><span>Enlace permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=info" title="Más información sobre esta página"><span>Información de la página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Lenguas_kx%27a&id=155133723&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre cómo citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLenguas_kx%2527a"><span>Obtener URL acortado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLenguas_kx%2527a"><span>Descargar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lenguas+kx%27a"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&printable=yes" title="Versión imprimible de esta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En otros proyectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6450587" title="Enlace al elemento conectado del repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><table style="" class="noprint plainlinks ambox ambox-content"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image" width="40"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg/45px-Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg/68px-Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg/90px-Commons-emblem-question_book_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td> <td class="ambox-text"><div class="ambox-text-div"><strong>Este artículo o sección tiene <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VER" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VER">referencias</a>, pero necesita más para complementar su <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FF">verificabilidad</a>.</strong> <span class="hide-when-compact"><br /> <span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Busca fuentes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lenguas+kx%26%2339%3Ba%22&num=50">«Lenguas kx'a»</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22Lenguas+kx%26%2339%3Ba%22">noticias</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22Lenguas+kx%26%2339%3Ba%22">libros</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lenguas+kx%26%2339%3Ba%22">académico</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.google.com/images?safe=off&as_rights=(cc_publicdomain%7ccc_attribute%7ccc_sharealike%7ccc_noncommercial%7ccc_nonderived)&q=%22Lenguas+kx%26%2339%3Ba%22">imágenes</a></span></span></span></div><div class="hide-when-compact"><small><div>Este aviso fue puesto el 3 de febrero de 2019.</div></small></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera cómics" style="text-align:center;background-color:#EECC22;color:inherit;color: #000000;;">Lenguas kx'a</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Región</th><td colspan="2"> África meridional occidental</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Países</th><td colspan="2"> <span style="display:none;">Angola</span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_Angola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Angola"><img alt="Bandera de Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/20px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/30px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/40px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a><br /> <span style="display:none;">Namibia</span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Namibia"><img alt="Bandera de Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><br /> <span style="display:none;">Botsuana</span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_Botswana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Botsuana"><img alt="Bandera de Botsuana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/20px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Botsuana" title="Botsuana">Botsuana</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Sudáfrica"><img alt="Bandera de Sudáfrica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sud%C3%A1frica" title="Sudáfrica">Sudáfrica</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Hablantes</th><td colspan="2"> (2000)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Familia_de_lenguas" title="Familia de lenguas">Familia</a></th><td colspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lenguas_joisanas" title="Lenguas joisanas">khoisán</a><br /> </p>   <b>Juu–ǂhõã (kx'a)</b><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Subdivisiones</th><td colspan="2"> juu (!kung)<br />ǂhõã</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Khoisan_languages_historical.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Khoisan_languages_historical.PNG/280px-Khoisan_languages_historical.PNG" decoding="async" width="280" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Khoisan_languages_historical.PNG/420px-Khoisan_languages_historical.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Khoisan_languages_historical.PNG/560px-Khoisan_languages_historical.PNG 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="628" /></a></span><br /><div style="display:inline;">Lenguas khoi-san, en color verde.</div> </td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6450587" class="extiw" title="d:Q6450587">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Las <b>lenguas kx'a</b>, también llamadas <b>juu-ǂhõã</b> son una <a href="/wiki/Familia_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" class="mw-redirect" title="Familia lingüística">familia lingüística</a> recientemente identificada entre las <a href="/wiki/Lenguas_joisanas" title="Lenguas joisanas">lenguas khoisán</a>. El grupo juu (!kung) estaba bien establecido pero solo recientemente se aportó evidencia convincente de su parentesco con el ǂhoa (previamente considerado una lengua khoisana aislada).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificación"><span id="Clasificaci.C3.B3n"></span>Clasificación</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Clasificación"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clasificación_interna"><span id="Clasificaci.C3.B3n_interna"></span>Clasificación interna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Clasificación interna"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las lenguas juu-ǂhoa, como se ha mencionado se clasifican en dos ramas: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Idioma_%C7%82hua" title="Idioma ǂhua">ǂhua</a></b> o <b>ǂhõã</b>, hablada por solo unos 60 hablantes en Botsuana, su estado actualmente es una lengua severamente amenazada. Algunos autores habían clasificado tentativamente esta lengua entre las <a href="/wiki/Lenguas_tuu" title="Lenguas tuu">lenguas tuu</a> (aunque solo comparte con esas lenguas rasgos tipológicos de área, pero no un origen común).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idioma_!kung" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma !kung">!kung</a></b> (también escrito <i>!xun</i> or <i>juu,</i> y previamente khoisán septentrional) es un <a href="/wiki/Continuo_geolectal" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuo geolectal">continuo geolectal</a> que incluye a 50 000 hablantes. Varias de las variedades son <a href="/wiki/Inteligibilidad_mutua" class="mw-redirect" title="Inteligibilidad mutua">mutuamente ininteligibles</a>, especialmente las que no son geográficamente contiguas. Algunas variedades bien conocidas son el <a href="/wiki/Idioma_kung" title="Idioma kung">!kung ekoka</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Idioma_!o!ung" title="Idioma !o!ung">ǃʼoǃkung</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ju%C7%80%CA%BChoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma juǀʼhoa">juǀʼhoa</a> y el <a href="/wiki/%C7%82Kx%CA%BCau%C7%81%CA%BCein" title="ǂKxʼauǁʼein">ǂKxʼauǁʼein</a>.</li></ul> <p>Heine y Honken (2010) acuñaron el término <i>kx'a</i> para esta familia en lugar del término anterior <i>ju–ǂhõã</i> (que era fácilmente confundible con el nombre del dialecto juǀʼhoan). El término elegido deriva de la palabra <i>kxʼà|</i> 'tierra, suelo' que es compartido aparece en las dos ramas de la familia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripción_lingüística"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3n_ling.C3.BC.C3.ADstica"></span>Descripción lingüística</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Descripción lingüística"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heine y Honken reconstruyen seis series de clicks para el proto-kx'a: las cinco que aparecen en las variedades más conservadoras de !kung, más los cliks bilabiales del ǂhõã. Estos últimos cliks labiales evolucionaron a cliks dentales en !xun, y los cliks retroflejos del !kung dieron lugar a cliks laterales en ǂhoa y !xun septenrrional y a cliks alveolares en !xun meridional, conservándose intactos solo en !xun central. </p><p>Por otra parte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgiy_Starostin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgiy Starostin (aún no redactado)">Starostin</a> (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> argumenta que los clikcs labialtes son un desarrollo secundario del ǂhoa. Este autor menciona que las palabras del ǂhõã para 'uno' y 'dos', <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">/ŋʘ͡ũ/</span> y <span title="Representación en el Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (IPA o AFI)" class="IPA">/ʘoa/</span>, tienen cliks labiales en posiciones donde ninguna otra lengua joisana tiene cliks. Heine y Honken preferieron explicarlo por la péridda de cliks labiales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparación_léxica"><span id="Comparaci.C3.B3n_l.C3.A9xica"></span>Comparación léxica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Comparación léxica"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los <a href="/wiki/Numeral_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Numeral (lingüística)">numerales</a> en diferentes variedades de lenguas Kx'a son:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small>GLOSA</small> </th> <th>!xun</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Idioma_ju%C7%80%CA%BChoan" title="Idioma juǀʼhoan">juǀ'hoan</a> </th> <th><small>PROTO-<br />KX'A</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>'1'</td> <td>nǀèʼé</td> <td>nǀèǃé</td> <td>*nǀèǃé </td></tr> <tr> <td>'2'</td> <td>tcā</td> <td>ʦàqn</td> <td>*tca- </td></tr> <tr> <td>'3'</td> <td>ǃāō</td> <td>nǃànì</td> <td>*ǃāō </td></tr> <tr> <td>'4'</td> <td>ǁhȁm̀</td> <td>2+2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'5'</td> <td>gǁāō /<br /> ǃánnú</td> <td>2+3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'6'</td> <td>nǁhám</td> <td>3+3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'7'</td> <td>nǁhám-tca</td> <td>2+2+3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'8'</td> <td>nǁhám-ǃāō</td> <td>2+2+2+2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'9'</td> <td>nǁhȁì</td> <td>3+3+3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'10'</td> <td>tȁqm</td> <td>(tini)</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>El número '10' en juǀ'hoan sería un préstamo del inglés <i>ten</i> '10'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heine, B. and Honken, H. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/57434/1/jaas079001_ful.pdf">"The Kx'a Family: A New Khoisan Genealogy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181102140038/http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/57434/1/jaas079001_ful.pdf">Archivado</a> el 2 de noviembre de 2018 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Journal of Asian and African Studies</i> (Tokyo), 79, p. 5–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Starostin G. (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/khoilex.pdf">A lexicostatistical approach towards reconstructing Proto-Khoisan</a>, page 22. <i>Mother Tongue</i>, vol. VIII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226014831/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Khoisan.htm">«Tuu Numerals (E. Chan)»</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Khoisan.htm">el original</a> el 26 de febrero de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 22 de febrero de 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ALenguas+kx%27a&rft.btitle=Tuu+Numerals+%28E.+Chan%29&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flingweb.eva.mpg.de%2Fnumeral%2FKhoisan.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlaces_exteriores">Enlaces exteriores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenguas_kx%27a&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Enlaces exteriores"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.org/codes/huaa">Juu–ǂHoan languages page in MultiTree Project at the LINGUIST List</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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