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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jessie Hoffman Jr.</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/19/Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.jpeg/250px-Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/19/Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="361" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">2024 mugshot</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1978-09-01</span>)</span>September 1, 1978<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 18, 2025<span style="display:none">(2025-03-18)</span> (aged 46)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Penitentiary" title="Louisiana State Penitentiary">Louisiana State Penitentiary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Angola, Louisiana">Angola, Louisiana</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Execution by <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_hypoxia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen hypoxia">nitrogen hypoxia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Executed</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="First degree murder">First degree murder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Louisiana" title="Capital punishment in Louisiana">Death</a> (September 11, 1998)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Victims</th><td class="infobox-data">Molly Elliott, aged 28</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 26, 1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Imprisoned at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Penitentiary" title="Louisiana State Penitentiary">Louisiana State Penitentiary</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jessie Dean Hoffman Jr.</b> (September 1, 1978 – March 18, 2025) was an American convicted murderer who was <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Louisiana" title="Capital punishment in Louisiana">sentenced to death in Louisiana</a> for the 1996 rape and murder of Molly Elliott. On November 26, 1996, Hoffman, then 18, abducted the 28-year-old advertising executive in downtown <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>. After forcing her to withdraw money from an <a href="/wiki/ATM" title="ATM">ATM</a> at gunpoint, he made her drive to a remote area in <a href="/wiki/St._Tammany_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana">St. Tammany Parish</a>, where he raped and murdered her.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to death on September 11, 1998. He was executed by <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas_asphyxiation" title="Inert gas asphyxiation">nitrogen hypoxia</a> on March 18, 2025, marking Louisiana's first execution in over fifteen years and its first use of nitrogen gas. This followed Alabama's use of the method in the executions of four inmates, starting with <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Kenneth_Eugene_Smith" title="Execution of Kenneth Eugene Smith">Kenneth Eugene Smith</a> in January 2024 and ending with <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Terrence_Frazier" title="Demetrius Terrence Frazier">Demetrius Terrence Frazier</a> in February 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman's execution became a subject of controversy as his lawyers argued that nitrogen hypoxia, an untested method in Louisiana, violated the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Eighth Amendment</a>'s ban on "cruel and unusual punishment" and infringed on his religious rights. They also pointed to eyewitness accounts of the previous four nitrogen gas executions from Alabama, where inmates gasped and thrashed, challenging claims of a quick death. Although a federal district judge stayed the execution, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th Circuit Court of Appeals</a> overturned it, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ultimately denied Hoffman's final appeal by a 5–4 majority ruling, leading to Hoffman's execution.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jessie Dean Hoffman Jr. was born in Louisiana on September 1, 1978. Hoffman grew up in a family of five children; one of Hoffman's brothers, Charles Fields, was shot and killed at the age of 25 in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> on May 31, 1998. Hoffman was unmarried, but he had a girlfriend who gave birth to their son sometime after Hoffman was arrested for a 1996 murder case.<sup id="cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to one of Hoffman's brothers, Marvin Fields, the family was not well-off and at one point, they moved to Florida and settled into a housing development area. At a young age, Hoffman and his siblings were often abused by their mother, who would regularly beat them with strip cuts of a thick belt and also placed their hands on a hot stove until their fingers grew blisters as a punishment for stealing. Despite his troubles at home, Hoffman did well in school as a football player who played quarterback for the school team, and even attained straight A's through the 11th grade, but his grades fell after he began a relationship with his then-girlfriend.<sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1996, Hoffman completed his high school education at <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_High_School_(Louisiana)" title="John F. Kennedy High School (Louisiana)">Kennedy High School</a> and graduated. He also worked in multiple jobs during high school, including a restaurant worker and inn employee. After his high school graduation, Hoffman went on to work as a carpark valet in New Orleans in November 1996, but less than three weeks after he began his valet job, Hoffman committed the rape and murder that landed him on death row.<sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Murder_of_Molly_Elliott">Murder of Molly Elliott</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Murder of Molly Elliott"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 26, 1996, Jessie Hoffman Jr., who was two months past his 18th birthday, kidnapped, raped, and murdered a woman in Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On that day, 28-year-old advertising executive Mary "Molly" Elliott had just left work and was on her way to retrieve her car at the Sheraton parking garage in downtown New Orleans, where she regularly parked her car for work.<sup id="cite_ref-nola-com-02262025_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola-com-02262025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola-com-06132023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elliott encountered Hoffman in the garage; he was working as a valet at the garage and kidnapped the woman at gunpoint in her own car.<sup id="cite_ref-nola-com-02262025_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola-com-02262025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola-com-06132023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman forced Elliott to drive to a nearby ATM and withdraw some money. After receiving $200, Hoffman asked Elliott to drive them to a remote area in <a href="/wiki/St._Tammany_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana">St. Tammany Parish</a>. After arriving there, Hoffman raped Elliott at gunpoint and made her march to a dirt patch. At the patch itself, Elliott was forced to kneel on a makeshift dock near the Middle Pearl River and Hoffman shot her in the head in an execution-style manner. After killing Elliott, Hoffman left her naked body behind and he disposed of her belongings and the murder weapon.<sup id="cite_ref-nola-com-02262025_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola-com-02262025-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola-com-06132023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elliott's body was not found until two days later, on November 28, 1996, Thanksgiving Day. A duck hunter discovered Elliott's corpse and reported the finding to the police. Elliott's husband, who reported his wife missing after she failed to meet him for dinner, identified her later that day. The police also received a report from a couple who found Elliott's clothes and belongings at a vacant lot. Among the objects were three ATM receipts, which were traced back to the same ATM where Elliott withdrew money for Hoffman. The police managed to identify and arrest Hoffman, based on the description of an <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> gunman captured together with Elliott on the photographs taken from the ATM. Hoffman initially denied his involvement in the murder, but he later admitted to the crime.<sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Background information revealed that Elliott, whose full name was Mary Margaret Murphy Elliott, was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, before she completed her college education in southern California and moved to Los Angeles to work in an advertising company. Elliott met her husband Andy Elliott and they moved to the north of New Orleans and settled in Covington, Louisiana, in 1994, and they married in the spring of 1995, just less than two years before her death.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_Today_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Murder_trial_of_Hoffman">Murder trial of Hoffman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Murder trial of Hoffman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his arrest, Jessie Hoffman Jr. was charged with first-degree murder. On January 8, 1997, a St. Tammany Parish grand jury indicted Hoffman for the first-degree murder charge. Under Louisiana state law, an offense of first-degree murder carries the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Louisiana" title="Capital punishment in Louisiana">death penalty</a> if found guilty.<sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, Hoffman stood trial before a 12-member St. Tammany Parish jury in 1998. It was adduced in trial that Hoffman had used the money he took from Elliott to go shopping with his girlfriend. Based on Hoffman's first statement, he said that after he kidnapped Elliott and had sex with her, which Hoffman claimed to be consensual and not rape, an unknown man armed with a gun walked off with Elliott into the secluded spot at St. Tammany Parish, before he returned alone. He recanted the statement in a later interrogation session, and said that the gun went off accidentally during a struggle with Elliott over the gun, and Elliott died from the shooting as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 25, 1998, the jury found Hoffman guilty of first-degree murder as charged.<sup id="cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their plea for mitigation, Hoffman's lawyers contended that Hoffman suffered from chronic childhood abuse and neglect, leading to post-traumatic stress symptoms and brain damage.<sup id="cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola-com-06132023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 27, 1998, two days after his conviction, the same jury returned with their verdict on sentence, recommending the death penalty for Hoffman.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 11, 1998, Hoffman was formally sentenced to death by the trial court, in accordance to the jury's recommendation. Two months later, Hoffman was officially transferred to <a href="/wiki/Death_row" title="Death row">death row</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Penitentiary" title="Louisiana State Penitentiary">Louisiana State Penitentiary</a> on November 11, 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appeals_and_subsequent_developments">Appeals and subsequent developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Appeals and subsequent developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_appeals">Regular appeals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Regular appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 11, 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana Supreme Court</a> dismissed Jessie Hoffman's appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 16, 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> rejected Hoffman's appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 30, 2012, a federal judge turned down Hoffman's federal habeas petition without a hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 12, 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals</a> rejected Hoffman's appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 20, 2015, Hoffman's final appeal and petition for a writ of certiorari was denied by the U.S. Supreme Court, which thereby confirmed his death sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 19, 2021, the Louisiana Supreme Court rejected another appeal from Hoffman. In the appeal, Hoffman alleged in his grounds of appeal that the validity of his conviction was breached by racial discrimination given that the jury that convicted him consisted of all 12 White jurors, and that his age of 18 made it manifestly excessive for him to receive a death sentence. The court rejected his claims of racial bias and also found that there was no tangible evidence of any consensus of against executing people under the age of 21, and dismissed his other points of appeal as well.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuit_against_execution_protocols">Lawsuit against execution protocols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lawsuit against execution protocols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 22, 2012, Hoffman filed a lawsuit against the state's lethal injection protocols, on the basis that its protocols were constituted as "cruel and unusual punishment" and that the state breached his constitutional rights.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the lawsuit was ongoing, the state suspended the execution warrant of another death row inmate <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sepulvado" title="Christopher Sepulvado">Christopher Sepulvado</a>, who was originally scheduled to be executed on February 13, 2013;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sepulvado was allowed to join as a co-plaintiff in Hoffman's lawsuit thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, a second lawsuit was filed by both Hoffman and Sepulvado against the state's lethal injection protocols in 2014, after the Louisiana prison authorities decided to switch to a new double-drug combination (<a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">midazolam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">hydromorphone</a>) in a second attempt to carry out Sepulvado's execution, which was re-scheduled to happen in February 2014. The execution was delayed while the lawsuit was pending in the courts, with the plaintiffs arguing that such a combination could give rise to the possibility of cruel and unusual punishment and violating their constitutional rights.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, Louisiana and several other states made amendments to their lethal injection protocols due to the European drugmakers' decision to stop exporting their barbiturates and sedatives to the U.S for lethal injection executions in the death penalty states, which in turn led to the shortage of lethal injection drugs in these states.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 3, 2022, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Shelly_Dick" title="Shelly Dick">Shelly Dick</a> dismissed the lawsuit challenging Louisiana's lethal injection protocols, nearly a decade after it was first filed. The court ruled that the plaintiffs lacked standing to challenge the protocols due to the state's inability to secure the necessary drugs for lethal injections. Among the plaintiffs was Hoffman, one of the ten or so condemned inmates involved in the case.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clemency_petition_and_other_developments">Clemency petition and other developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clemency petition and other developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, Louisiana Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Bel_Edwards" title="John Bel Edwards">John Bel Edwards</a>, who was nearing the end of his term, publicly announced for the first time that he opposed the death penalty and had been advocating for its abolition in the state. However, on May 24, 2023, the majority of lawmakers rejected a bill to end capital punishment in Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A month later, in June 2023, 56 out of 57 death row inmates, including Hoffman, filed petitions for clemency, hoping to benefit from Edwards' stance. These petitions were to be reviewed by the Louisiana Board of Pardons and Committee on Parole.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023, however, the Board rejected all 56 clemency petitions, determining that the inmates were ineligible as they had been filed too soon after recent judicial rulings on appeals (clemency petitions could only be submitted at least a year after the ruling of an inmate's final appeals).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in October 2023, further clemency appeals from five death row inmates, including <a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Frank" title="Antoinette Frank">Antoinette Frank</a>, were also denied by the Board.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2024, Governor <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">Jeff Landry</a>, who succeeded Edwards, signed a bill into law that authorized the use of <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas_asphyxiation" title="Inert gas asphyxiation">nitrogen hypoxia</a> and the electric chair as alternative execution methods, in addition to lethal injection. This legislation followed the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Kenneth_Eugene_Smith" title="Execution of Kenneth Eugene Smith">execution of Kenneth Eugene Smith</a> in Alabama, the first person executed by nitrogen hypoxia in the U.S. and the world.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louisiana had observed a 14-year moratorium on executions since the state last carried out the execution of <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bordelon" title="Gerald Bordelon">Gerald Bordelon</a> (who raped and killed his stepdaughter) in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to difficulties in obtaining lethal injection drugs and the refusal of drug companies to supply them for execution purposes. Family members of murder victims, whose killers were on death row, expressed support for the new bill allowing these alternative execution methods.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Execution_warrant_and_final_appeals">Execution warrant and final appeals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Execution warrant and final appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_warrant">Death warrant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death warrant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early February 2025, Louisiana Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Liz_Murrill" title="Liz Murrill">Liz Murrill</a> announced that the state would resume executions using nitrogen hypoxia, a method recently legalized in Louisiana. This execution method had previously been used by Alabama to execute four prisoners between January 2024 and February 2025. Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry also confirmed the decision to resume executions, emphasizing the state's commitment to delivering justice to crime victims after a 15-year hiatus. The first group of inmates targeted for execution included Jessie Hoffman, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sepulvado" title="Christopher Sepulvado">Christopher Sepulvado</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Roy" title="Larry Roy">Larry Roy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murrill also added that the state is expected to conduct at least four executions this year in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 12, 2025, Judge Alan Zaunbrecher of the 22nd Judicial District signed a death warrant for Jessie Hoffman, scheduling his execution for March 18, 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoffman, was set to be executed just one day after Christopher Sepulvado, who was condemned for the 1992 torture and killing of his stepson,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both men were the first two inmates set to be put to death in Louisiana after the state's 15-year pause on executions.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larry Roy's execution, originally set for March 19, 2025 (a day after Hoffman's), was later canceled after it was revealed that Roy had not exhausted all his appeals related to his 1994 conviction for the double murder of Freddie Richard Jr. and Rosetta Silas. The death warrant of Hoffman was the third issued that month for a Louisiana death row inmate (Roy and Sepulvado received their death warrants earlier than Hoffman during the same week).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_appeals">Final appeals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Final appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Execution_protocol_lawsuit">Execution protocol lawsuit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Execution protocol lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A week after the scheduling of Hoffman's execution, his legal team prepared to challenge Louisiana's decision to use nitrogen hypoxia in federal court.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoffman's case, along with Sepulvado's, led to the revival of a lawsuit questioning the state's new execution protocols. U.S. District Judge Shelly Dick stated that the untested method of nitrogen hypoxia needed further examination, a decision Louisiana Attorney General Liz Murrill vowed to appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Merely days after the revival of the lawsuit, 81-year-old Christopher Sepulvado died of natural causes while on death row. Given Sepulvado's sudden death before his execution, Hoffman was the only remaining person with a confirmed execution date in Louisiana. If executed, Hoffman would become the first condemned person in Louisiana put to death since 2010, as well as the first in Louisiana to be put to death by nitrogen hypoxia.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 24, 2025, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals</a> halted Judge Dick's ruling, after Attorney General Murrill appealed to overturn it, arguing that it could potentially set a bad precedent for other challenges to the constitutionality of Louisiana laws in the district. This enabled Hoffman's execution date to remain in schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman's lawyer Cecelia Kappel lodged an appeal to challenge Louisiana's nitrogen gas execution protocols. In a media statement, Kappel criticized the state for deploying the method of nitrogen hypoxia to execute prisoners when it was banned from being used to conduct the euthanasia of animals, and stated that the untested method of nitrogen hypoxia should be reviewed by the courts. Hoffman's counsel also claimed that Hoffman was being selected as a "test case" for the nitrogen hypoxia method.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clemency_efforts">Clemency efforts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Clemency efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several family members of Hoffman appealed for mercy on his behalf. Hoffman's older brother, Marvin Fields, stated that the crime came as a shock to him, especially since Hoffman was recently graduated from <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_High_School_(Louisiana)" title="John F. Kennedy High School (Louisiana)">Kennedy High School</a> and began working as a valet at the parking lot where Elliott often parked her car. Fields stated that his brother was never a violent person and since young, their mother (who died in 2024) often would beat her four children (including Hoffman), and their family was not very well-off. Fields stated that he hoped for his brother to be given a second chance and stated that Hoffman was feeling sorry for his family for making them suffer from the impact of his crimes. Hoffman's son, who was born after his father was arrested for killing Elliott, stated that his father was still calm and his demeanour did not change in spite of his impending death.<sup id="cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 18, 2025, hours before Hoffman was executed, the sister-in-law of Molly Elliott (Hoffman's victim) asked the governor to spare the life of Hoffman and commute his death sentence to <a href="/wiki/Life_without_parole" class="mw-redirect" title="Life without parole">life without parole</a>, saying that the death of Hoffman would not provide closure to her.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_appeals">Federal appeals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Federal appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana</dt></dl> <p>On March 8, 2025, Hoffman submitted in an appeal to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana">U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana</a> that his death sentence should not be carried out by nitrogen gas and asked for a more humane method of execution, with Hoffman suggesting a <a href="/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad" title="Execution by firing squad">firing squad</a> or assisted suicide. His lawyers argued that nitrogen hypoxia amounted to "cruel and unusual punishment" under the Constitution and since Hoffman himself was Buddhist, the manner of execution breached the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, specifically the meditation and breathing exercises, and could bring about psychological trauma. Hoffman's lawyers also asked for more transparency by revealing the crucial information pertaining to the nitrogen gas execution protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was revealed in court that Hoffman had post-traumatic stress disorder and claustrophobia, which were caused by the childhood abuse and the past times where his mother locked him in a pantry as a child, and Hoffman relied on these meditation techniques to cope with these conditions, and he feared that having a mask over his face might induce a panic attack and made him unable to use the meditation skills to calm himself down.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response, the prosecution submitted that the method was already in use in Alabama for executions since 2024 and there were no major problems observed in these cases, where the prisoners died of seemingly painless deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 11, 2025, U.S. District Judge Shelly Dick issued a <a href="/wiki/Stay_of_execution" title="Stay of execution">stay of execution</a> for Hoffman, although Attorney General Liz Murrill confirmed that she would appeal the decision.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals</dt></dl> <p>Attorney-General Murrill lodged an emergency appeal to the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals the next day. She argued that Judge Dick erred in ruling in favour of Hoffman, in which her judgement ruled that nitrogen hypoxia amounted to "cruel and unusual punishment". Attorney-General Murrill submitted that the state of Alabama had practiced the use of nitrogen hypoxia in four previous executions, and the state and federal courts had found no error in these Alabama cases, and Dick's ruling essentially contradicted the precedent cases.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her further submissions, Murrill also said that the legal challenges filed by Hoffman's lawyers were an attempt to delay the course of justice and pointed that the U.S. Supreme Court had repeatedly upheld the constitutionality of executions by nitrogen hypoxia in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 14, 2025, the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Murrill, and overturned Dick's ruling, stating it "contravened the Supreme Court precedent."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judge <a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">James C. Ho</a> and Judge <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Oldham" title="Andrew Oldham">Andrew Oldham</a> agreed to overturn the stay while Judge <a href="/wiki/Catharina_Haynes" title="Catharina Haynes">Catharina Haynes</a> dissented; Judge Ho and Judge Oldham stated that they believed firing squad could inflict greater pain to Hoffman compared to nitrogen hypoxia and while there were differing interpretations of what would have been in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Eighth Amendment</a> that banned cruel and unusual punishments, the state need not necessarily opt for more painful execution methods over the less painful ones. Judge Haynes, on the other hand, stated that the matter should be scrunitized more and it would be impossible if Hoffman was executed.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the majority opinion, Judge Ho pointed out that Judge Dick placed undue reliance on the evidence of the defence's hypoxia expert Dr. Philip Bickler in her own ruling, and he cited that based on the prosecution's expert anesthesiologist Dr. Joseph Antognini, nitrogen hypoxia did not involve suffering and pain, and he quoted, "Breathing 100% pure nitrogen causes unconsciousness in less than a minute, with death following rapidly within ten to fifteen minutes." Judge Ho also noted that the nitrogen gas execution protocols of Louisiana were largely modelled after Alabama's nitrogen gas execution protocols.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the stay order overturned, Hoffman's upcoming execution date of March 18, 2025, was restored. Hoffman's lawyers planned to pursue a final appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>U.S. Supreme Court</dt></dl> <p>In their submissions to the U.S. Supreme Court, Hoffman's lawyers argued that execution by nitrogen hypoxia amounted to "cruel and unusual punishment" and violated the constitutional rights of Hoffman, and further argued that it breached Hoffman's entitled right to religious freedom as forcing him to breathe pure nitrogen could interfere with his Buddhist practices and meditation breathing during his transition between life and death, and suggested that Hoffman's death sentence to be carried out in a more humane manner like assisted suicide drugs or firing squad, both of which were not legal in Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 18, 2025, about five minutes before the tentative execution timing, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed Hoffman's appeal by a majority vote of 5–4, and thus allowed the execution to move forward.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live_Updates-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana (second time)</dt></dl> <p>On March 18, 2025, hours before the scheduled execution, Hoffman's lawyers appealed to the U.S. District Judge Shelly Dick for permission to publicly livestream the upcoming nitrogen gas execution of Hoffman so as to clear up the conflicting witness accounts of alleged gasps for air and involuntary movements that occurred during the previous four executions of such from Alabama. This petition was rejected shortly after.<sup id="cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live_Updates-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana</dt></dl> <p>On March 18, 2025, hours before the scheduled execution of Hoffman, his lawyers filed an appeal to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana</a>, arguing that there was racial bias against Hoffman, because he was <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-American</a> and his death sentence was passed down by an all-white jury, and they sought to cancel the execution for an evidential hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live_Updates-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. District Court Judge <a href="/wiki/Ivan_L._R._Lemelle" title="Ivan L. R. Lemelle">Ivan L. R. Lemelle</a> dismissed the appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live_Updates-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_appeals">State appeals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: State appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 17, 2025, Hoffman's state appeal to cancel his execution was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana Supreme Court</a>. Hoffman's lawyers argued that Hoffman's execution date should be set on a later date since by state law, Hoffman was entitled to a new execution date after his federal injunction was briefly issued and then dissolved.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Louisiana Supreme Court pointed out such requests could only be granted if the execution was actually delayed, and given that the stay of execution was overturned following the dismissal of Hoffman's federal injunction, there was no valid grounds to set a new execution date and hence, the original execution date of March 18, 2025, remained valid.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite so, Hoffman's lawyers continued to appeal numerous times to stop the execution. A Baton Rouge district judge heard another appeal on the morning of March 18, 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A temporary restraining order was also imposed to disallow the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Department_of_Corrections" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Department of Corrections">Louisiana Department of Corrections</a> from executing Hoffman (whose execution date remained effective), but the order would expire an hour after the starting time of the hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appeal, in the end, was rejected by the judge.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On that same day, a second appeal was filed to the Louisiana Supreme Court for another <a href="/wiki/Stay_of_execution" title="Stay of execution">stay of execution</a>, but the court rejected it in a majority ruling of 5–2.<sup id="cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live_Updates-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions">Reactions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from this, members of the Jewish community in Louisiana, including survivors of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, protested against the upcoming use of nitrogen gas for executions and also opposed the scheduled execution of Hoffman. They argued that the use of nitrogen gas evoked the Holocaust, which led to the massacre of six million Jews in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, and half of these victims perished in the lethal gas chambers at <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> and many other concentration camps. The protestors also stated that implementing this method to execute a convicted murderer in the name of justice made it equally abhorrent as the use of lethal gas inhalation had an intrinsical link to "the decimation of (Jewish) people" during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the scheduled execution of Hoffman, Andy Elliott, the husband of the victim Mary Elliott stated that he only wanted the process to come to an end, and while declining to show any support or opposition to the execution, Andy added that the execution of Hoffman would not give him closure but at least some resolution and a sense of finality. Andy expressed his gratitude to Governor Landry for his drive to fulfill the ends of justice and recalled having a personal conversation with Landry about the death penalty, and confirmed he would not attend the execution. It was revealed that after losing his wife (whom he married in 1995), Andy had since remarried with three children.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 15, 2025, Louisiana religious leaders gathered outside the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Capitol" title="Louisiana State Capitol">State Capitol</a> and protested against the execution of Hoffman, and urged Governor Landry to stop any upcoming executions, claiming that they sympathized with the families of murder victims but argued that forgiveness and mercy should be given to even the worst of criminals, and that only God should make the final judgement.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally, there were divided responses among Louisiana's religious leaders, as there are others who supported capital punishment and it was permissible by Christianity to sentence people to the appropriate penalty (including death) if their crimes were heinous enough, and some of the Jewish people and faith leaders also supported certain forms of capital punishment despite their opposition to nitrogen gas (as directly linked to the Holocaust). One of the leaders, expressing his support for the death penalty, cited that there are certain crimes that were so heinous that the convict had effectively forfeited his/her right to live. Also, despite the public's divisive stance towards the death penalty, a majority of the public in Louisiana continued to support capital punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 16, 2025, a crowd consisting of Hoffman's family members and supporters gathered outside the mansion of Governor Landry, and appealed to the governor to grant clemency to Hoffman and halt his execution.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 17, 2025, the eve of Hoffman's execution, Elliott's husband Andy once again accepted an interview. Andy stated that the death of his late wife marked the loss of "cherished person who missed out on motherhood, a promising and successful career, and a life in the country on the property (the Elliotts) bought together" and the loss of a great human being to a senseless crime. Declining to express his stance towards the death penalty, Andy re-affirmed that the execution of Hoffman or the commutation of his death sentence would not be a sign of closure for him, but he only wanted the process to end regardless of whichever outcome the case concluded with, although he agreed with the execution of Hoffman if it could, in the easiest way, bring an end to all the uncertainties that revolved around the case after 29 years since the rape and murder of his late wife.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_Today_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the afternoon of March 18, 2025, hours before Hoffman was slated to be executed, Hoffman's sister and anti-death penalty advocates conducted a protest outside <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Penitentiary" title="Louisiana State Penitentiary">Louisiana State Penitentiary</a>, where the state's executions were conducted. A vigil was also conducted outside the prison, and Hoffman's Buddhist adviser was one of the vigil's participants.<sup id="cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live_Updates-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Execution">Execution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Execution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nitrogen_hypoxia">Nitrogen hypoxia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Nitrogen hypoxia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 18, 2025, Hoffman was put to death by nitrogen hypoxia at the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Penitentiary" title="Louisiana State Penitentiary">Louisiana State Penitentiary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before his execution, Hoffman declined to make a final statement and also chose to not eat a special last meal. Hoffman was reportedly escorted into the execution chamber at 6:12 pm, the prison officials released the gas for about 19 minutes, and Hoffman was pronounced dead at 6:50 pm. One state official acknowledged that during the execution procedure, Hoffman made some convulsive movements before he fell motionless, but the execution largely went smoothly based on other eyewitness accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman became the first inmate to be executed in Louisiana following the state's 15-year moratorium on capital punishment. Additionally, Hoffman was the first person in Louisiana and the fifth overall to be executed by nitrogen hypoxia, a new technique that debuted in Alabama for the <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Kenneth_Eugene_Smith" title="Execution of Kenneth Eugene Smith">execution of Kenneth Eugene Smith</a> in 2024. With this execution, Louisiana became the second state in the U.S. to carry out executions using nitrogen gas.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman was one of the four inmates scheduled to be executed in a period of three days from March 18 to 20, 2025. The other three were: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Gunches" title="Aaron Gunches">Aaron Gunches</a> of Arizona (March 19, 2025), <a href="/wiki/Eddie_James" title="Eddie James">Edward Thomas James</a> of Florida (March 20, 2025), and Wendell Grissom of Oklahoma (March 20, 2025).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responses_and_aftermath">Responses and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Responses and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a statement issued after Hoffman's execution, Governor <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">Jeff Landry</a> expressed his support for the execution, stating that the state of Louisiana would not tolerate "heinous acts of violence" and affirmed the authorities' stand to prioritize "victims over criminals, law and order over lawlessness, and justice over the status quo."<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, Cecelia Koppel, one of Hoffman's lawyers, condemned the execution and called it "senseless", stating that Hoffman was no longer the cold-blooded murderer who took the life of Molly Elliott back in 1996, and his life ended as a reformed "father, a husband, and a man who showed extraordinary capacity for redemption."<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andy Elliott, the widower of Molly Elliott, released a statement after the execution. He stated that the news of Hoffman's execution was bittersweet, but he added that he was relieved that the long nightmare was finally put to an end, even though it renewed the grief for him and Elliott's family. Andy also said that this execution brought sadness for Hoffman's family, who also went through the same "gut-wrenching" ordeal as him for nearly 30 years through no fault of their own but Hoffman's.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Andy expressed his gratitude to Governor Landry for his unwavering commitment to resolving the death penalty cases and concluding his wife's case, as well as both Colin Sims and Assistant District Attorney Ronnie Gracianette for defending the death penalty against Hoffman's multiple appeals and updating him on his wife's case. He also hoped that the execution of Hoffman could lead to meaningful change to the capital punishment system and ensure that the death penalty process could be resolved within a reasonable period of time, citing that decades of waiting could potentially downplay the deterrent effect of capital punishment and bring about emotional difficulties to the people involved.<sup id="cite_ref-Speak_out_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speak_out-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman's wife Ilona, who married her husband during his imprisonment, paid a tribute to him in her own media statement. She described him as a beautiful soul and a man of "love, wisdom, and redemption" who inspired many around him, stating that it should not be defined by the crime he committed back in 1996. Hoffman's wife stated that the system failed her husband for not intervening when he needed help (including his childhood abuse) and ultimately executing him. Ilona added that instead of execution, which she viewed as a sign of vengeance, it was true justice to recognise "growth, humanity, and redemption".<sup id="cite_ref-Speak_out_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speak_out-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath, Hoffman's execution paved way to the possibility of more executions in Louisiana, and several were in line for imminent execution, like <a href="/wiki/Larry_Roy" title="Larry Roy">Larry Roy</a>, the "Cheneyville Slasher" who killed two people in 1993; Darrell James Robinson, who killed a family of four in 1996; and Tracy Lee, a former soldier who killed 15-year-old Rohn Blackston in 1985 and raped Blackston's mother and sister during a home invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Louisiana" title="Capital punishment in Louisiana">Capital punishment in Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_recent_executions_by_jurisdiction" title="List of most recent executions by jurisdiction">List of most recent executions by jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_executed_in_Louisiana" title="List of people executed in Louisiana">List of people executed in Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_executed_in_the_United_States_in_2025" title="List of people executed in the United States in 2025">List of people executed in the United States in 2025</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/louisiana-death-row-list/article_e4a6f57c-ff7f-11ef-8774-53a20a27e1b8.html">"Louisiana is restarting death penalty executions. Here are the 56 people on Angola's death row"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a>. March 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Louisiana+is+restarting+death+penalty+executions.+Here+are+the+56+people+on+Angola%27s+death+row.&rft.date=2025-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime_police%2Flouisiana-death-row-list%2Farticle_e4a6f57c-ff7f-11ef-8774-53a20a27e1b8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al.com/news/2025/03/louisiana-becomes-second-state-after-alabama-to-execute-an-inmate-using-nitrogen-gas.html">"Louisiana becomes second state, after Alabama, to execute an inmate using nitrogen gas"</a>. Alabama Local News. March 19, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Louisiana+becomes+second+state%2C+after+Alabama%2C+to+execute+an+inmate+using+nitrogen+gas&rft.date=2025-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F03%2Flouisiana-becomes-second-state-after-alabama-to-execute-an-inmate-using-nitrogen-gas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/jesse-hoffman-execution-nitrogen-gas-b2717577.html">"Louisiana kills Jessie Hoffman in state's first nitrogen gas execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Louisiana+kills+Jessie+Hoffman+in+state%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcrime%2Fjesse-hoffman-execution-nitrogen-gas-b2717577.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/rcna196619">"Louisiana executes man with nitrogen gas after 15-year pause"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Louisiana+executes+man+with+nitrogen+gas+after+15-year+pause&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Frcna196619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jessie-hoffman-jr-louisiana-execution-nitrogen-gas-b2717206.html">"Inside the race against time to halt Louisiana's first execution in 15 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Inside+the+race+against+time+to+halt+Louisiana%27s+first+execution+in+15+years&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fjessie-hoffman-jr-louisiana-execution-nitrogen-gas-b2717206.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Family_members_plead_for_Jessie_Hoffman's_life_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/louisiana-death-penalty-angola-gas/article_fdc3ed52-f3be-11ef-b5ac-ab0d53e4eb5e.html">"Family members plead for Jessie Hoffman's life as nitrogen gas execution date looms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. February 26, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Family+members+plead+for+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+life+as+nitrogen+gas+execution+date+looms&rft.date=2025-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-angola-gas%2Farticle_fdc3ed52-f3be-11ef-b5ac-ab0d53e4eb5e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-State_v._Hoffman_(2000)_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>State v. Hoffman</i> [2000], <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana Supreme Court</a> (United States).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Advertising Exec Died Of One Gunshot Wound Garage Worker Booked In Death". <i>Times Picayune</i>. December 1, 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Picayune&rft.atitle=Advertising+Exec+Died+Of+One+Gunshot+Wound+Garage+Worker+Booked+In+Death&rft.date=1996-12-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nola-com-02262025-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nola-com-02262025_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nola-com-02262025_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nola-com-02262025_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/louisiana-death-row-inmate-files-lawsuit-to-block-march-18-execution-by-nitrogen-gas/article_3a05b79a-f465-11ef-bc0d-13dd168e0ea9.html">"Louisiana death row inmate files lawsuit to block March 18 execution by nitrogen gas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a>. February 26, 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250309093223/https://www.nola.com/news/courts/louisiana-death-row-inmate-files-lawsuit-to-block-march-18-execution-by-nitrogen-gas/article_3a05b79a-f465-11ef-bc0d-13dd168e0ea9.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2025. <q>He was 18 years old and working as a parking attendant in New Orleans when he kidnapped 28-year-old Mary "Molly" Elliott on the night before Thanksgiving in 1996 as she walked back to her car in the New Orleans Central Business District. Hoffman took her to a remote area near the Middle Pearl River where he raped, shot and killed the advertising executive, who was married and lived near Covington.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+files+lawsuit+to+block+March+18+execution+by+nitrogen+gas&rft.pub=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.date=2025-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Flouisiana-death-row-inmate-files-lawsuit-to-block-march-18-execution-by-nitrogen-gas%2Farticle_3a05b79a-f465-11ef-bc0d-13dd168e0ea9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nola-com-06132023-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nola-com-06132023_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/politics/these-are-the-57-people-on-death-row-in-louisiana/article_3d60e05e-f4df-11ed-b24e-1fff4a677337.html">"Who is on death row in Louisiana? Here are the 57 names and their history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. June 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Who+is+on+death+row+in+Louisiana%3F+Here+are+the+57+names+and+their+history.&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fthese-are-the-57-people-on-death-row-in-louisiana%2Farticle_3d60e05e-f4df-11ed-b24e-1fff4a677337.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_New_Orleans_parking_worker_to_death_row_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/jessie-hoffman-crime-timeline/article_607e406e-fdec-11ef-ac52-df3e34b5fdd3.html">"From New Orleans parking worker to death row: See timeline of Jessie Hoffman's murder case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=From+New+Orleans+parking+worker+to+death+row%3A+See+timeline+of+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+murder+case&rft.date=2025-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Fjessie-hoffman-crime-timeline%2Farticle_607e406e-fdec-11ef-ac52-df3e34b5fdd3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_Today-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/03/17/molly-elliott-murder-louisiana-jessie-hoffman-execution/82274280007/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I miss her so much': Remembering Molly Elliott, killed by Louisiana Death Row inmate"</a>. USA Today. March 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27I+miss+her+so+much%27%3A+Remembering+Molly+Elliott%2C+killed+by+Louisiana+Death+Row+inmate&rft.date=2025-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2025%2F03%2F17%2Fmolly-elliott-murder-louisiana-jessie-hoffman-execution%2F82274280007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/courts/jessie-hoffman-death-row-victim-family/article_47db89dd-1799-5af8-be02-266de358fae6.html">"Husband of Jessie Hoffman's victim torn over his execution: 'His death will not provide closure'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(Louisiana)" title="The Advocate (Louisiana)">The Advocate</a></i>. March 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Husband+of+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+victim+torn+over+his+execution%3A+%27His+death+will+not+provide+closure%27&rft.date=2025-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theadvocate.com%2Fbaton_rouge%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Fjessie-hoffman-death-row-victim-family%2Farticle_47db89dd-1799-5af8-be02-266de358fae6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman_v._Cain_(2012)_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hoffman v. Cain</i> [2012], <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana</a> (United States).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hoffman v. Cain</i> [2014], <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals</a> (United States).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docketfiles/14-567.htm">"Search - Supreme Court of the United States"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Search+-+Supreme+Court+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fsearch.aspx%3Ffilename%3D%2Fdocketfiles%2F14-567.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>State v. Hoffman</i> [2021], <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana Supreme Court</a> (United States).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/louisiana-death-row-inmate-requests-end-to-states-lethal-injection-process/article_cf539a7f-d4c4-5033-bb11-658280e3606f.html">"Louisiana death row inmate requests end to state's lethal injection process"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(magazine)" title="The Advocate (magazine)">The Advocate</a></i>. December 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+requests+end+to+state%27s+lethal+injection+process&rft.date=2012-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theadvocate.com%2Fbaton_rouge%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-death-row-inmate-requests-end-to-states-lethal-injection-process%2Farticle_cf539a7f-d4c4-5033-bb11-658280e3606f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2013/01/28/Execution-can-go-forward-La-court-says/50971359406073/">"Execution can go forward, La. court says"</a>. <i>UPI</i>. January 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Execution+can+go+forward%2C+La.+court+says&rft.date=2013-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FUS%2F2013%2F01%2F28%2FExecution-can-go-forward-La-court-says%2F50971359406073%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/federal-judge-halts-execution-scheduled-for-next-week/article_eface6ba-85b0-548a-addd-19540bd52115.html">"Federal judge halts execution scheduled for next week"</a>. <i>The New Orleans Advocate</i>. February 7, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216092946/https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/federal-judge-halts-execution-scheduled-for-next-week/article_eface6ba-85b0-548a-addd-19540bd52115.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Federal+judge+halts+execution+scheduled+for+next+week&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime_police%2Ffederal-judge-halts-execution-scheduled-for-next-week%2Farticle_eface6ba-85b0-548a-addd-19540bd52115.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelensnola.org/2013/08/30/appeals-court-lets-execution-move-forward/">"Appeals court lets execution move forward"</a>. <i>The Lens</i>. August 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lens&rft.atitle=Appeals+court+lets+execution+move+forward&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelensnola.org%2F2013%2F08%2F30%2Fappeals-court-lets-execution-move-forward%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelensnola.org/2014/01/25/state-has-explored-illegally-obtaining-drug-for-execution/">"State has explored illegally obtaining drug for upcoming execution"</a>. <i>The Lens</i>. January 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lens&rft.atitle=State+has+explored+illegally+obtaining+drug+for+upcoming+execution&rft.date=2014-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelensnola.org%2F2014%2F01%2F25%2Fstate-has-explored-illegally-obtaining-drug-for-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/28/justice/louisiana-execution-drugs/index.html">"Louisiana switches lethal injection drugs for next week's execution"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. January 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127194814/https://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/28/justice/louisiana-execution-drugs/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Louisiana+switches+lethal+injection+drugs+for+next+week%27s+execution&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F01%2F28%2Fjustice%2Flouisiana-execution-drugs%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelensnola.org/2014/03/11/state-appeals-judges-order-to-reveal-source-of-lethal-injection-drug/">"State appeals judge's order to reveal source of lethal injection drug"</a>. <i>The Lens</i>. March 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lens&rft.atitle=State+appeals+judge%27s+order+to+reveal+source+of+lethal+injection+drug&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelensnola.org%2F2014%2F03%2F11%2Fstate-appeals-judges-order-to-reveal-source-of-lethal-injection-drug%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/6875913c9b954ccda6f9f15fe51667cb">"EU's stance forces US executioners to improvise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. February 18, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216150744/https://apnews.com/article/6875913c9b954ccda6f9f15fe51667cb">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=EU%27s+stance+forces+US+executioners+to+improvise&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F6875913c9b954ccda6f9f15fe51667cb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/03/execution-louisiana-lethal-injection/5189879/">"Louisiana execution postponed to study lethal drugs"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. January 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228052252/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/03/execution-louisiana-lethal-injection/5189879/">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Louisiana+execution+postponed+to+study+lethal+drugs&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2014%2F02%2F03%2Fexecution-louisiana-lethal-injection%2F5189879%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-crime-lawsuits-executions-0e2ebdd7ab6358f7f1a85eb245d95303">"Execution suit tossed because Louisiana can't get drugs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. April 3, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216150744/https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-crime-lawsuits-executions-0e2ebdd7ab6358f7f1a85eb245d95303">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Execution+suit+tossed+because+Louisiana+can%27t+get+drugs&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-crime-lawsuits-executions-0e2ebdd7ab6358f7f1a85eb245d95303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/judge-tosses-death-penalty-lawsuit-because-louisiana-cant-get-execution-drugs/article_5500c0cc-b1be-11ec-a1be-8be70d81d0bc.html">"Judge tosses death penalty lawsuit because Louisiana can't get execution drugs"</a>. <i>KTBS</i>. April 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Judge+tosses+death+penalty+lawsuit+because+Louisiana+can%27t+get+execution+drugs&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fjudge-tosses-death-penalty-lawsuit-because-louisiana-cant-get-execution-drugs%2Farticle_5500c0cc-b1be-11ec-a1be-8be70d81d0bc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-edwards-legislature-abortion-death-penalty-a89154992949d92a620254f5f94d544f">"Abortion, raises and death penalty top of Edwards' agenda"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. April 10, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216145345/https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-edwards-legislature-abortion-death-penalty-a89154992949d92a620254f5f94d544f">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Abortion%2C+raises+and+death+penalty+top+of+Edwards%27+agenda&rft.date=2023-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-edwards-legislature-abortion-death-penalty-a89154992949d92a620254f5f94d544f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-death-penalty-48c7487ae6036b30544f9d90e0ff350b">"Louisiana lawmakers reject bill to abolish death penalty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216145345/https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-death-penalty-48c7487ae6036b30544f9d90e0ff350b">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Louisiana+lawmakers+reject+bill+to+abolish+death+penalty&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-48c7487ae6036b30544f9d90e0ff350b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-death-penalty-clemency-inmate-247b69f5f57946022b14332c34216be8">"Nearly all of Louisiana's death row inmates ask governor for clemency on the same day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. June 13, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216145345/https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-death-penalty-clemency-inmate-247b69f5f57946022b14332c34216be8">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Nearly+all+of+Louisiana%27s+death+row+inmates+ask+governor+for+clemency+on+the+same+day&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-clemency-inmate-247b69f5f57946022b14332c34216be8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kplctv.com/2023/08/11/who-are-56-inmates-louisianas-death-row-requesting-clemency/">"Who are the 56 inmates on Louisiana's death row requesting clemency?"</a>. <i>KPLC TV</i>. August 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216145345/https://www.kplctv.com/2023/08/11/who-are-56-inmates-louisianas-death-row-requesting-clemency/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KPLC+TV&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+56+inmates+on+Louisiana%27s+death+row+requesting+clemency%3F&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kplctv.com%2F2023%2F08%2F11%2Fwho-are-56-inmates-louisianas-death-row-requesting-clemency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/death-row-clemency-louisiana-f4ce63ebdc199487e943675ef3fbf57f">"All 56 Louisiana death row clemency petitions turned away for being ineligible"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. July 28, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216145345/https://apnews.com/article/death-row-clemency-louisiana-f4ce63ebdc199487e943675ef3fbf57f">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=All+56+Louisiana+death+row+clemency+petitions+turned+away+for+being+ineligible&rft.date=2023-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdeath-row-clemency-louisiana-f4ce63ebdc199487e943675ef3fbf57f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/14/louisiana-denies-clemency-hearings-to-five-death-row-prisoners">"Louisiana denies clemency hearings to five death row prisoners"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. October 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Louisiana+denies+clemency+hearings+to+five+death+row+prisoners&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F14%2Flouisiana-denies-clemency-hearings-to-five-death-row-prisoners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2023/10/14/clemency-death-row/">"Louisiana pardon board denies clemency hearings to five on death row"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. October 14, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216152247/https://lailluminator.com/2023/10/14/clemency-death-row/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=Louisiana+pardon+board+denies+clemency+hearings+to+five+on+death+row&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2023%2F10%2F14%2Fclemency-death-row%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-crime-execution-landry-3d8eeb4990e1960f0629a2d47fdd4e92">"Louisiana governor signs bills that expand death row execution methods and concealed carry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. March 5, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512204836/https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-crime-execution-landry-3d8eeb4990e1960f0629a2d47fdd4e92">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Louisiana+governor+signs+bills+that+expand+death+row+execution+methods+and+concealed+carry&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-crime-execution-landry-3d8eeb4990e1960f0629a2d47fdd4e92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/08/us/nitrogen-hypoxia-execution-adoption-legislation/index.html">"Execution by nitrogen hypoxia doesn't seem headed for widespread adoption as bills fall short and nitrogen producers object"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. June 8, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216092946/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/08/us/nitrogen-hypoxia-execution-adoption-legislation/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Execution+by+nitrogen+hypoxia+doesn%27t+seem+headed+for+widespread+adoption+as+bills+fall+short+and+nitrogen+producers+object&rft.date=2024-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F06%2F08%2Fus%2Fnitrogen-hypoxia-execution-adoption-legislation%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://houmatoday.com/story/news/2010/01/08/la-man-executed-for-killing-stepdaughter/26887386007/">"La. man executed for killing stepdaughter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Houma_Courier" title="The Houma Courier">The Houma Courier</a></i>. January 8, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231016161309/https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2010/01/08/la-man-executed-for-killing-stepdaughter/26887386007/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Houma+Courier&rft.atitle=La.+man+executed+for+killing+stepdaughter&rft.date=2010-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhoumatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2010%2F01%2F08%2Fla-man-executed-for-killing-stepdaughter%2F26887386007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2024/02/20/louisiana-house-committee-oks-nitrogen-gas-executions-electrocutions/">"Louisiana House committee OKs nitrogen gas executions, electrocutions"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. February 21, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216092946/https://lailluminator.com/2024/02/20/louisiana-house-committee-oks-nitrogen-gas-executions-electrocutions/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=Louisiana+House+committee+OKs+nitrogen+gas+executions%2C+electrocutions&rft.date=2024-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2024%2F02%2F20%2Flouisiana-house-committee-oks-nitrogen-gas-executions-electrocutions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2024/02/21/louisiana-death-penalty-pause-may-end-with-execution-methods-like-nitrogen-gas-and-electrocution/72675193007/">"Louisiana moves step closer to nitrogen gas suffocation, electrocution for executions"</a>. <i>Shreveport Times</i>. February 21, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216092946/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2024/02/21/louisiana-death-penalty-pause-may-end-with-execution-methods-like-nitrogen-gas-and-electrocution/72675193007/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=Louisiana+moves+step+closer+to+nitrogen+gas+suffocation%2C+electrocution+for+executions&rft.date=2024-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2024%2F02%2F21%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-pause-may-end-with-execution-methods-like-nitrogen-gas-and-electrocution%2F72675193007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/death-penalty-louisiana-nitrogen-4759d906ccfc9c31fe46db1351348cb8">"Louisiana seeks to resume executions imminently after a 15-year pause"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. February 12, 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250216160922/https://apnews.com/article/death-penalty-louisiana-nitrogen-4759d906ccfc9c31fe46db1351348cb8">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Louisiana+seeks+to+resume+executions+imminently+after+a+15-year+pause&rft.date=2025-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdeath-penalty-louisiana-nitrogen-4759d906ccfc9c31fe46db1351348cb8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louisiana-resumes-nitrogen-hypoxia-execution/">"Louisiana resuming executions after 15 years, issues first protocol for nitrogen hypoxia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. February 12, 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250215070933/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louisiana-resumes-nitrogen-hypoxia-execution/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Louisiana+resuming+executions+after+15+years%2C+issues+first+protocol+for+nitrogen+hypoxia&rft.date=2025-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-resumes-nitrogen-hypoxia-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/03/17/louisiana-death-row/">"As Louisiana is set to resume executions, these 56 people are on death row"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. March 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=As+Louisiana+is+set+to+resume+executions%2C+these+56+people+are+on+death+row&rft.date=2025-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F03%2F17%2Flouisiana-death-row%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/02/13/louisiana-execution-3/">"Louisiana schedules back-to-back executions for next month"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. February 13, 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250217013303/https://lailluminator.com/2025/02/13/louisiana-execution-3/">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=Louisiana+schedules+back-to-back+executions+for+next+month&rft.date=2025-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F02%2F13%2Flouisiana-execution-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/02/12/louisiana-execution-2/">"Louisiana judge schedules execution for 81-year-old who killed his stepson in 1992"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. February 12, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=Louisiana+judge+schedules+execution+for+81-year-old+who+killed+his+stepson+in+1992&rft.date=2025-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F02%2F12%2Flouisiana-execution-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/3investigates/execution-date-set-for-desoto-parish-child-killer-other-cases-pending-in-northwest-louisiana/article_f2b73bb2-e8c9-11ef-8228-df7c53e60dd5.html">"Execution date set for DeSoto Parish child killer"</a>. <i>KTBS</i>. February 13, 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250217104804/https://www.ktbs.com/news/3investigates/execution-date-set-for-desoto-parish-child-killer-other-cases-pending-in-northwest-louisiana/article_f2b73bb2-e8c9-11ef-8228-df7c53e60dd5.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Execution+date+set+for+DeSoto+Parish+child+killer&rft.date=2025-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2F3investigates%2Fexecution-date-set-for-desoto-parish-child-killer-other-cases-pending-in-northwest-louisiana%2Farticle_f2b73bb2-e8c9-11ef-8228-df7c53e60dd5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveportbossieradvocate.com/news/state_politics/louisiana-death-penalty-execution-nitrogen-gas/article_8911c2e9-6770-580a-84b9-3b7f2cf41e4f.html">"Two Louisiana executions set back-to-back, possibly the state's first using nitrogen gas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shreveport-Bossier_City_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shreveport-Bossier City Advocate">The Shreveport-Bossier City Advocate</a></i>. February 12, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Shreveport-Bossier+City+Advocate&rft.atitle=Two+Louisiana+executions+set+back-to-back%2C+possibly+the+state%27s+first+using+nitrogen+gas&rft.date=2025-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveportbossieradvocate.com%2Fnews%2Fstate_politics%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-execution-nitrogen-gas%2Farticle_8911c2e9-6770-580a-84b9-3b7f2cf41e4f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/02/12/louisiana-execution/">"With Louisiana leaders intent on first execution since 2010, DA obtains death warrant"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. February 12, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=With+Louisiana+leaders+intent+on+first+execution+since+2010%2C+DA+obtains+death+warrant&rft.date=2025-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F02%2F12%2Flouisiana-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kalb.com/2025/02/20/louisianas-road-resume-executions-likely-goes-through-federal-court/">"Louisiana's road to resume executions likely goes through federal court"</a>. <i>KALB</i>. February 20, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KALB&rft.atitle=Louisiana%27s+road+to+resume+executions+likely+goes+through+federal+court&rft.date=2025-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kalb.com%2F2025%2F02%2F20%2Flouisianas-road-resume-executions-likely-goes-through-federal-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/02/19/louisiana-death-penalty/">"Louisiana's road to resume executions likely goes through federal court"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. February 19, 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250219234617/https://lailluminator.com/2025/02/19/louisiana-death-penalty/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=Louisiana%27s+road+to+resume+executions+likely+goes+through+federal+court&rft.date=2025-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F02%2F19%2Flouisiana-death-penalty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-6b8fde8de697782ce90b9e1f55cfc2bc">"Judge reopens challenge to Louisiana execution protocol as state prepares to use nitrogen gas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. February 21, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Judge+reopens+challenge+to+Louisiana+execution+protocol+as+state+prepares+to+use+nitrogen+gas&rft.date=2025-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-6b8fde8de697782ce90b9e1f55cfc2bc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/02/23/louisiana-execution-4/">"Louisiana man with execution date next month dies at Angola"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. February 23, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=Louisiana+man+with+execution+date+next+month+dies+at+Angola&rft.date=2025-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F02%2F23%2Flouisiana-execution-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/24/us/christopher-sepulvado-louisiana-death-row-inmate/index.html">"81-year-old death row inmate dies weeks before his scheduled execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. February 24, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=81-year-old+death+row+inmate+dies+weeks+before+his+scheduled+execution&rft.date=2025-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2025%2F02%2F24%2Fus%2Fchristopher-sepulvado-louisiana-death-row-inmate%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveportbossieradvocate.com/news/louisiana-death-penalty-ruling-halted/article_02242471-3f25-52d3-bc5d-240d5b91095e.html">"Federal appeals court halts reopening of long-running Louisiana death penalty case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shreveport-Bossier_City_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shreveport-Bossier City Advocate">The Shreveport-Bossier City Advocate</a></i>. February 24, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Shreveport-Bossier+City+Advocate&rft.atitle=Federal+appeals+court+halts+reopening+of+long-running+Louisiana+death+penalty+case&rft.date=2025-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveportbossieradvocate.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-ruling-halted%2Farticle_02242471-3f25-52d3-bc5d-240d5b91095e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wgno.com/news/louisiana/louisiana-federal-appeals-court-pauses-order-reopening-death-penalty-case/">"Louisiana federal appeals court pauses order reopening death penalty case"</a>. <i>WGNO</i>. February 24, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WGNO&rft.atitle=Louisiana+federal+appeals+court+pauses+order+reopening+death+penalty+case&rft.date=2025-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwgno.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana%2Flouisiana-federal-appeals-court-pauses-order-reopening-death-penalty-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/louisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas-jessie-hoffman-b2705164.html">"Nitrogen gas is banned in Louisiana to euthanize dogs. The state plans to use it to kill a death row inmate next month"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. February 26, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+gas+is+banned+in+Louisiana+to+euthanize+dogs.+The+state+plans+to+use+it+to+kill+a+death+row+inmate+next+month&rft.date=2025-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas-jessie-hoffman-b2705164.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/death-penalty-nitrogen-10bcaf30f8616d2b6954df49b65cefa9">"Louisiana and Arkansas look to nitrogen executions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. March 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Louisiana+and+Arkansas+look+to+nitrogen+executions&rft.date=2025-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdeath-penalty-nitrogen-10bcaf30f8616d2b6954df49b65cefa9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/courts/louisiana-death-penalty-jessie-hoffman-molly-elliott/article_d74174be-6658-522d-8f23-af6cfd386719.html">"Victim's relative begs for pardon before Jessie Hoffman's execution: 'Not justice in my name'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(Louisiana)" title="The Advocate (Louisiana)">The Advocate</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Victim%27s+relative+begs+for+pardon+before+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+execution%3A+%27Not+justice+in+my+name%27&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theadvocate.com%2Fbaton_rouge%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-jessie-hoffman-molly-elliott%2Farticle_d74174be-6658-522d-8f23-af6cfd386719.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/death-penalty-nitrogen-louisiana-595727957a76e7dee1687f9cd3939723">"Louisiana death row inmate who is scheduled to die by nitrogen hypoxia challenges the method"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. March 8, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+who+is+scheduled+to+die+by+nitrogen+hypoxia+challenges+the+method&rft.date=2025-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdeath-penalty-nitrogen-louisiana-595727957a76e7dee1687f9cd3939723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/08/louisiana-death-row-nitrogen-gas">"Louisiana death row inmate challenges nitrogen gas as execution method"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. March 8, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+challenges+nitrogen+gas+as+execution+method&rft.date=2025-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2025%2Fmar%2F08%2Flouisiana-death-row-nitrogen-gas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/louisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas/article_a49575f0-fb7c-11ef-ba94-1fa7523adbc8.html">"Jessie Hoffman, set to be executed in March, challenges Louisiana's use of nitrogen gas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Jessie+Hoffman%2C+set+to+be+executed+in+March%2C+challenges+Louisiana%27s+use+of+nitrogen+gas&rft.date=2025-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas%2Farticle_a49575f0-fb7c-11ef-ba94-1fa7523adbc8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/08/us/jessie-hoffman-jr-louisiana-execution/index.html">"Louisiana death row inmate seeks more 'humane' method of execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. March 8, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+seeks+more+%27humane%27+method+of+execution&rft.date=2025-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2025%2F03%2F08%2Fus%2Fjessie-hoffman-jr-louisiana-execution%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/louisiana-baton-rouge-alabama-new-orleans-republican-b2711348.html">"Louisiana death row inmate who is scheduled to die by nitrogen hypoxia challenges the method"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. March 8, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+who+is+scheduled+to+die+by+nitrogen+hypoxia+challenges+the+method&rft.date=2025-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-baton-rouge-alabama-new-orleans-republican-b2711348.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/11/us/louisiana-death-row-execution-nitrogen/index.html">"Federal judge halts Louisiana's first nitrogen gas execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. March 11, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Federal+judge+halts+Louisiana%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2025%2F03%2F11%2Fus%2Flouisiana-death-row-execution-nitrogen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/11/judge-halts-louisiana-execution">"Judge halts Louisiana's first death row execution in 15 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. March 11, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Judge+halts+Louisiana%27s+first+death+row+execution+in+15+years&rft.date=2025-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2025%2Fmar%2F11%2Fjudge-halts-louisiana-execution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-execution-nitrogen-468b8b1d56b0f3bbb394259a35bf20f8">"A federal judge has halted Louisiana's first nitrogen gas execution. The state says it will appeal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. March 11, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=A+federal+judge+has+halted+Louisiana%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution.+The+state+says+it+will+appeal&rft.date=2025-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-execution-nitrogen-468b8b1d56b0f3bbb394259a35bf20f8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.louisianafirstnews.com/news/louisiana-news/louisiana-attorney-general-files-motion-to-resume-jessie-hoffman-execution/">"Louisiana attorney general files motion to resume Jessie Hoffman execution"</a>. <i>Louisiana First News</i>. March 12, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+First+News&rft.atitle=Louisiana+attorney+general+files+motion+to+resume+Jessie+Hoffman+execution&rft.date=2025-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisianafirstnews.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-news%2Flouisiana-attorney-general-files-motion-to-resume-jessie-hoffman-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-nitrogen-gas-execution-appeal/64166367">"Louisiana attorney general files emergency brief with Court of Appeals over execution case"</a>. <i>WDSU</i>. March 12, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WDSU&rft.atitle=Louisiana+attorney+general+files+emergency+brief+with+Court+of+Appeals+over+execution+case&rft.date=2025-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdsu.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-nitrogen-gas-execution-appeal%2F64166367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.louisianafirstnews.com/news/louisiana-news/legal-battle-continues-over-louisianas-first-nitrogen-gas-execution/">"Legal battle continues over Louisiana's first nitrogen gas execution"</a>. Louisiana First News. March 14, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Legal+battle+continues+over+Louisiana%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisianafirstnews.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-news%2Flegal-battle-continues-over-louisianas-first-nitrogen-gas-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/louisiana-alabama-baton-rouge-new-orleans-jessie-b2715595.html">"Appeals court says Louisiana can carry out the state's first nitrogen gas execution next week"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. March 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Appeals+court+says+Louisiana+can+carry+out+the+state%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution+next+week&rft.date=2025-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-alabama-baton-rouge-new-orleans-jessie-b2715595.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-nitrogen-execution-death-penalty-abd0376410c676401e50d8b5ae893b0b">"Appeals court says Louisiana can carry out the state's first nitrogen gas execution next week"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. March 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Appeals+court+says+Louisiana+can+carry+out+the+state%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution+next+week&rft.date=2025-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-nitrogen-execution-death-penalty-abd0376410c676401e50d8b5ae893b0b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/03/14/louisiana-nitrogen/">"5th Circuit Court gives go-ahead for Louisiana's first nitrogen gas execution"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. March 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=5th+Circuit+Court+gives+go-ahead+for+Louisiana%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F03%2F14%2Flouisiana-nitrogen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/louisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas/article_cfdda24e-fecb-11ef-bdcc-fff8dd165910.html">"Louisiana's nitrogen gas execution back on for next week, federal appeals court rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Louisiana%27s+nitrogen+gas+execution+back+on+for+next+week%2C+federal+appeals+court+rules&rft.date=2025-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas%2Farticle_cfdda24e-fecb-11ef-bdcc-fff8dd165910.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/18/us/louisiana-execution-jessie-hoffman/index.html">"Louisiana death row inmate asks for last-minute court ruling to halt nitrogen gas execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+asks+for+last-minute+court+ruling+to+halt+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2025%2F03%2F18%2Fus%2Flouisiana-execution-jessie-hoffman%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveportbossieradvocate.com/news/louisiana-death-row-inmate-files-lawsuit-to-block-march-18-execution-by-nitrogen-gas/article_f22fc9cf-09aa-57d5-83a6-bca3baab2651.html">"Louisiana death row inmate files lawsuit to block March 18 execution by nitrogen gas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(Louisiana)" title="The Advocate (Louisiana)">The Shreveport-Bossier Advocate</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Shreveport-Bossier+Advocate&rft.atitle=Louisiana+death+row+inmate+files+lawsuit+to+block+March+18+execution+by+nitrogen+gas&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveportbossieradvocate.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-death-row-inmate-files-lawsuit-to-block-march-18-execution-by-nitrogen-gas%2Farticle_f22fc9cf-09aa-57d5-83a6-bca3baab2651.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.louisianafirstnews.com/news/jessie-hoffman-awaits-execution-as-supreme-court-decision-looms/">"The U.S. Supreme Court will not stop Jessie Hoffman's execution"</a>. <i>Louisiana First News</i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+First+News&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Supreme+Court+will+not+stop+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisianafirstnews.com%2Fnews%2Fjessie-hoffman-awaits-execution-as-supreme-court-decision-looms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Live_Updates-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Live_Updates_77-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/live-updates-jessie-hoffman-execution/article_8746cfe0-035f-11f0-a5f5-a3f64c1056da.html">"Live updates: Louisiana executes death row inmate Jessie Hoffman with nitrogen gas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Live+updates%3A+Louisiana+executes+death+row+inmate+Jessie+Hoffman+with+nitrogen+gas&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Flive-updates-jessie-hoffman-execution%2Farticle_8746cfe0-035f-11f0-a5f5-a3f64c1056da.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2025/03/17/la-supreme-court-upholds-denial-inmates-request-cancel-execution/">"La. Supreme Court upholds denial of inmate's request to cancel execution"</a>. <i>KSLA</i>. March 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KSLA&rft.atitle=La.+Supreme+Court+upholds+denial+of+inmate%27s+request+to+cancel+execution&rft.date=2025-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2025%2F03%2F17%2Fla-supreme-court-upholds-denial-inmates-request-cancel-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbrz.com/news/louisiana-supreme-court-won-t-intervene-to-stop-tuesday-s-scheduled-execution">"Louisiana Supreme Court won't intervene to stop Tuesday's scheduled execution"</a>. <i>WBRZ</i>. March 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WBRZ&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Supreme+Court+won%27t+intervene+to+stop+Tuesday%27s+scheduled+execution&rft.date=2025-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbrz.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-supreme-court-won-t-intervene-to-stop-tuesday-s-scheduled-execution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/louisiana-death-penalty-execution-nitrogen-gas/article_69cc8240-036c-11f0-8df9-274f1749f269.html">"Seeking to stop execution, Jessie Hoffman's lawyers file flurry of last-minute challenges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Seeking+to+stop+execution%2C+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+lawyers+file+flurry+of+last-minute+challenges&rft.date=2025-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-death-penalty-execution-nitrogen-gas%2Farticle_69cc8240-036c-11f0-8df9-274f1749f269.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wafb.com/2025/03/17/district-judge-halts-tuesdays-execution-angola-pending-hearing/">"District judge halts Tuesday's execution at Angola pending hearing"</a>. <i>WAFB</i>. March 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WAFB&rft.atitle=District+judge+halts+Tuesday%27s+execution+at+Angola+pending+hearing&rft.date=2025-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wafb.com%2F2025%2F03%2F17%2Fdistrict-judge-halts-tuesdays-execution-angola-pending-hearing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louisiana-death-row-inmate-first-nitrogen-gas-execution/">"Judge declines inmate's last-minute plea to halt Louisiana's first nitrogen gas execution"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Judge+declines+inmate%27s+last-minute+plea+to+halt+Louisiana%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-death-row-inmate-first-nitrogen-gas-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/12/us/louisiana-nitrogen-gas-execution/index.html">"Louisiana's Jewish community protests nitrogen gas death row executions, seeing a link to 'the decimation of our people'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. March 12, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Louisiana%27s+Jewish+community+protests+nitrogen+gas+death+row+executions%2C+seeing+a+link+to+%27the+decimation+of+our+people%27&rft.date=2025-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2025%2F03%2F12%2Fus%2Flouisiana-nitrogen-gas-execution%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/jessie-hoffman-death-row-victim-family/article_59d1983a-ff89-11ef-954b-c7c3a05438d7.html">"Husband of Jessie Hoffman's victim torn over his execution: 'His death will not provide closure'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 14, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Husband+of+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+victim+torn+over+his+execution%3A+%27His+death+will+not+provide+closure%27&rft.date=2025-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Fjessie-hoffman-death-row-victim-family%2Farticle_59d1983a-ff89-11ef-954b-c7c3a05438d7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.louisianafirstnews.com/news/louisiana-faith-leaders-urge-gov-landry-to-halt-executions/">"Louisiana faith leaders urge Gov. Landry to halt executions"</a>. Louisiana First News. March 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Louisiana+faith+leaders+urge+Gov.+Landry+to+halt+executions&rft.date=2025-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisianafirstnews.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-faith-leaders-urge-gov-landry-to-halt-executions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/death-penalty-louisiana-catholic-religion/article_fd5d2384-010f-11f0-8fcd-73cfce05a2c3.html">"Religion is baked into Louisiana's death penalty practices, but executions divide faith leaders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a>. March 16, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Religion+is+baked+into+Louisiana%27s+death+penalty+practices%2C+but+executions+divide+faith+leaders&rft.date=2025-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Fdeath-penalty-louisiana-catholic-religion%2Farticle_fd5d2384-010f-11f0-8fcd-73cfce05a2c3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/jessie-hoffman-execution-governor-jeff-landry-family-faithe-leaders-oppose-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas/article_d281e8da-028a-11f0-a8e4-ff71208ef707.html">"Family, faith leaders gather at Governor's mansion in hope Landry will end execution order"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(Louisiana)" title="The Advocate (Louisiana)">The Advocate</a>. March 16, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Family%2C+faith+leaders+gather+at+Governor%27s+mansion+in+hope+Landry+will+end+execution+order&rft.date=2025-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theadvocate.com%2Fbaton_rouge%2Fnews%2Fjessie-hoffman-execution-governor-jeff-landry-family-faithe-leaders-oppose-death-penalty-nitrogen-gas%2Farticle_d281e8da-028a-11f0-a8e4-ff71208ef707.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/03/18/nitrogen-gas-execution-louisiana-jessie-hoffman/82526032007/">"Louisiana executes inmate with nitrogen gas method after narrow Supreme Court decision"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Louisiana+executes+inmate+with+nitrogen+gas+method+after+narrow+Supreme+Court+decision&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2025%2F03%2F18%2Fnitrogen-gas-execution-louisiana-jessie-hoffman%2F82526032007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/18/louisiana-nitrogen-gas-execution-jessie-hoffman-jr">"Louisiana uses nitrogen gas for first time in death row execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Louisiana+uses+nitrogen+gas+for+first+time+in+death+row+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2025%2Fmar%2F18%2Flouisiana-nitrogen-gas-execution-jessie-hoffman-jr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/jessie-hoffman-nitrogen-gas-louisiana-execution-death-penalty/article_be325356-03bb-11f0-8525-a3855f3523b9.html">"Jessie Hoffman is put to death with nitrogen gas, Louisiana's first execution in 15 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Jessie+Hoffman+is+put+to+death+with+nitrogen+gas%2C+Louisiana%27s+first+execution+in+15+years&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Fjessie-hoffman-nitrogen-gas-louisiana-execution-death-penalty%2Farticle_be325356-03bb-11f0-8525-a3855f3523b9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/execution-louisiana-nitrogen-eb5e7e61ff0875dc7b68664b42b6e980">"Louisiana puts man to death in its first nitrogen gas execution, his lawyer says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Louisiana+puts+man+to+death+in+its+first+nitrogen+gas+execution%2C+his+lawyer+says&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fexecution-louisiana-nitrogen-eb5e7e61ff0875dc7b68664b42b6e980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2025/03/19/Louisiana-nitrogen-hypoxia-execution/6581742367594/">"Louisiana carries out state's first nitrogen hypoxia execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UPI" class="mw-redirect" title="UPI">UPI</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Louisiana+carries+out+state%27s+first+nitrogen+hypoxia+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FUS%2F2025%2F03%2F19%2FLouisiana-nitrogen-hypoxia-execution%2F6581742367594%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/18/us/louisiana-nitrogen-execution-jessie-hoffman-capital-punishment-landry.html">"Louisiana Resumes Capital Punishment With First Nitrogen Execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Resumes+Capital+Punishment+With+First+Nitrogen+Execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F03%2F18%2Fus%2Flouisiana-nitrogen-execution-jessie-hoffman-capital-punishment-landry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louisiana-death-row-inmate-first-nitrogen-gas-execution/">"Louisiana puts man to death in state's first nitrogen gas execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Louisiana+puts+man+to+death+in+state%27s+first+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-death-row-inmate-first-nitrogen-gas-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250318-us-to-execute-four-death-row-inmates-this-week">"US to execute four Death Row inmates this week"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=US+to+execute+four+Death+Row+inmates+this+week&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20250318-us-to-execute-four-death-row-inmates-this-week&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.louisianafirstnews.com/news/louisiana-news/jessie-hoffman-awaits-execution-as-supreme-court-decision-looms/">"Jessie Hoffman executed by state; first execution in Louisiana since 2010"</a>. <i>Louisiana First News</i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+First+News&rft.atitle=Jessie+Hoffman+executed+by+state%3B+first+execution+in+Louisiana+since+2010&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisianafirstnews.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-news%2Fjessie-hoffman-awaits-execution-as-supreme-court-decision-looms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lailluminator.com/2025/03/18/louisiana-execut/">"Louisiana conducts its first nitrogen gas execution, ending 15-year death penalty hiatus"</a>. <i>Louisiana Illuminator</i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+Illuminator&rft.atitle=Louisiana+conducts+its+first+nitrogen+gas+execution%2C+ending+15-year+death+penalty+hiatus&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flailluminator.com%2F2025%2F03%2F18%2Flouisiana-execut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theadvocate.com/news/courts/jessie-hoffman-nitrogen-gas-louisiana-execution-death-penalty/article_31643d4a-207d-5da7-8850-b2aee16a6680.html">"Jessie Hoffman is put to death with nitrogen gas, Louisiana's first execution in 15 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(Louisiana)" title="The Advocate (Louisiana)">The Advocate</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Jessie+Hoffman+is+put+to+death+with+nitrogen+gas%2C+Louisiana%27s+first+execution+in+15+years&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theadvocate.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Fjessie-hoffman-nitrogen-gas-louisiana-execution-death-penalty%2Farticle_31643d4a-207d-5da7-8850-b2aee16a6680.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Speak_out-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Speak_out_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Speak_out_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/courts/hoffman-elliott-executions-statements/article_ddf3b9fe-045c-11f0-a5c3-27464aba9602.html">"Jessie Hoffman and his victim's family members speak out following his nitrogen gas execution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Orleans Advocate">The New Orleans Advocate</a></i>. March 18, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Orleans+Advocate&rft.atitle=Jessie+Hoffman+and+his+victim%27s+family+members+speak+out+following+his+nitrogen+gas+execution&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fcourts%2Fhoffman-elliott-executions-statements%2Farticle_ddf3b9fe-045c-11f0-a5c3-27464aba9602.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kalb.com/2025/03/19/cenlas-death-row-inmates-await-fate-following-jessie-hoffmans-execution/">"Cenla's death row inmates await fate following Jessie Hoffman's execution"</a>. KALB. March 19, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cenla%27s+death+row+inmates+await+fate+following+Jessie+Hoffman%27s+execution&rft.date=2025-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kalb.com%2F2025%2F03%2F19%2Fcenlas-death-row-inmates-await-fate-following-jessie-hoffmans-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJessie+Hoffman+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Inert_gas_asphyxiation#Capital_punishment" title="Inert gas asphyxiation">Executions by nitrogen hypoxia in the United States</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Terrence_Frazier" title="Demetrius Terrence Frazier">Demetrius Terrence Frazier</a> – <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Alabama" title="Capital punishment in Alabama">Alabama</a><br /><div style="font-weight: normal">February 6, 2025</div></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Jessie Hoffman Jr. – <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Louisiana" title="Capital punishment in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </b><br />March 18, 2025 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Louisiana" title="Capital punishment in Louisiana">Executions carried out in Louisiana</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bordelon" title="Gerald Bordelon">Gerald Bordelon</a><br /><div style="font-weight: normal">January 7, 2010</div></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Jessie Hoffman Jr. </b><br />March 18, 2025 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Executions carried out in the United States</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Sigmon" title="Brad Sigmon">Brad Sigmon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_South_Carolina" title="Capital punishment in South Carolina">South Carolina</a><br /><div style="font-weight: normal">March 7, 2025</div></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Jessie Hoffman Jr. – <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Louisiana" title="Capital punishment in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </b><br />March 18, 2025 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Gunches" title="Aaron Gunches">Aaron Gunches</a> – <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Arizona" title="Capital punishment in Arizona">Arizona</a><br /><div style="font-weight: normal">March 19, 2025</div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&oldid=1282822991">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Hoffman_Jr.&oldid=1282822991</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1978_births" title="Category:1978 births">1978 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1996_murders_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1996 murders in the United States">1996 murders in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2025_deaths" title="Category:2025 deaths">2025 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_criminals" title="Category:20th-century American criminals">20th-century American criminals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_executions_by_Louisiana" title="Category:21st-century executions by Louisiana">21st-century executions by Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_criminals" title="Category:American male criminals">American male criminals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_executed_for_murder" title="Category:American people executed for murder">American people executed for murder</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_of_murder_by_Louisiana" title="Category:People convicted of murder by Louisiana">People convicted of murder by Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_executed_by_Louisiana_by_nitrogen_hypoxia" title="Category:People executed by Louisiana by nitrogen hypoxia">People executed by Louisiana by nitrogen hypoxia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2025" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2025">Use mdy dates from March 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_criminal_with_motive_parameter" title="Category:Pages using infobox criminal with motive parameter">Pages using infobox criminal with motive parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 March 2025, at 20:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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