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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #484329; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#484329"><b>Light iron-age reading</b><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bible"><font size="5" color="White"><b>The Bible</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dbd8af;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible"><img alt="Icon bible.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/2/29/Icon_bible.svg/100px-Icon_bible.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/2/29/Icon_bible.svg/150px-Icon_bible.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/2/29/Icon_bible.svg/200px-Icon_bible.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Gabbin' with God</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible">Annotated Bible</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Analysis</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_interpolation" title="Bible interpolation">Bible interpolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenokoites" title="Arsenokoites">Arsenokoites</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Woo</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_warfare" title="Spiritual warfare">Spiritual warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Camping" title="Harold Camping">Harold Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Quayle" title="Steve Quayle">Steve Quayle</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Figures</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#dbd8af;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YHWH" title="YHWH">YHWH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biblenav" title="Template:Biblenav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biblenav" title="Template talk:Biblenav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biblenav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>A thorough knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> is the groundwork of <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>. Many who think they read their Bibles never read them at all. They go through a chapter a day as a matter of duty, and forget what is said in Matthew before they read what is said in John; hence they <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">never mark the contradictions and never see the discrepancies</a>.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a>, <i>My Path to Atheism</i> (1885)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Biblical contradictions</b> occur when two or more verses, approached from a <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">literalist</a> perspective, state two or more things that cannot simultaneously be true. Biblical contradictions exemplify <i>internal</i> errors (something that contradicts the Bible's own message) as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Scientific_errors_in_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific errors in the Bible"><i>external</i> errors</a> (something that the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> gets wrong about the external world). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Apologism" class="mw-redirect" title="Apologism">Apologists</a> often call Biblical contradictions <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism"><b>Biblical difficulties</b></a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Creation_Week"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Creation Week</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Inconsistent_genealogies"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Inconsistent genealogies</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Jesus.27_genealogy"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jesus' genealogy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Cainan.2C_son_of_Arphaxad"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cainan, son of Arphaxad</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Textual_contradictions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Textual contradictions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Creation"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Creation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Which_came_first:_Adam_or_the_vegetation.3F"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Which came first: Adam or the vegetation?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Which_came_first:_the_animals_or_Adam.3F"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Which came first: the animals or Adam?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Grammatical_quibbling"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Grammatical quibbling</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Faith_vs._works"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Faith vs. works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Women_allowed_to_prophesy.2C_or_not.3F"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Women allowed to prophesy, or not?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Numeric_contradictions"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Numeric contradictions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Jehoiachin.27s_Age_at_Royal_Ascension"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jehoiachin's Age at Royal Ascension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Ahaziah.27s_Age_at_Royal_Ascension"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ahaziah's Age at Royal Ascension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#How_many_horsemen_did_David_capture.3F"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">How many horsemen did David capture?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#How_many_stalls_did_Solomon_have_for_his_horses.3F"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">How many stalls did Solomon have for his horses?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#How_many_animals_were_on_the_ark.3F"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">How many animals were on the ark?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#etc."><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">etc.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Other_examples"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Other examples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Creation_Week">Creation Week</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Creation Week">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Creation_Week" title="Creation Week">Creation Week</a></div> <p>The first example of this occurring in Scripture is <a href="/wiki/Creation_Week" title="Creation Week">Genesis 1 vs. Genesis 2</a>. Any account of these contradictions is dutifully met with denial, <a href="/wiki/Slippery_slope" title="Slippery slope">slippery slope</a> allegations, and/or ignorance of the topic. When asked to provide a step-by-step "scientific" account of <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a>, the fundamentalist generally launches into the account in Genesis 1 — but when asked about why Genesis 2 has the order of creation irreconcilably different, they appear to suddenly have an epiphany that the minor details that matter so much in discrediting <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> don't matter in cases where their factually accurate <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> happens to write down two very different accounts of the same story. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Inconsistent_genealogies">Inconsistent genealogies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inconsistent genealogies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The two genealogies of Jesus presented in Matthew 1 and Luke 3 are inconsistent, both with each other and with another genealogical record in Genesis 11. </p><p>Although explanations <i>can</i> resolve the contradiction, they present problems for literalists who speak of the "clarity of Scripture". </p> <h3><span id="Jesus'_genealogy"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Jesus.27_genealogy">Jesus' genealogy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jesus' genealogy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a></div> <p>Matthew's genealogy has Joseph descended from King David through King Solomon, and from thence to a man named Jacob. On the other hand, Luke's has Joseph descended from David along a radically different line, through another son, Nathan, from thence to a man named Eli. Indeed, everything after this inconsistency is different between the two accounts. In addition, after the man named Hezron, Matthew lists the next in line as a man named Ram, but Luke claims it was Arni, who fathered Admin, who fathered the next person the two accounts agree upon. </p><p>This isn't even to mention, of course, the contradiction in the fact that these geneaologies connect Jesus to figures like David and Solomon through Joseph, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth" title="Virgin birth">who the Bible claims was not even related to Jesus by blood</a>, making his geneaology completely irrelevant. </p> <h3><span id="Cainan,_son_of_Arphaxad"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Cainan.2C_son_of_Arphaxad">Cainan, son of Arphaxad</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cainan, son of Arphaxad">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>There is an inconsistency between Luke's genealogy and the Genesis account three generations below <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>. The Genesis account has it (<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_11:12" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 11:12</a>) that Noah's grandson, Arphaxad, had a <i>son</i> named Shelah. However, Luke's genealogy has it that Shelah is the <i>grandson</i> of Arphaxad and the son of Cainan. </p><p>There is a very simple explanation for this, <i>viz.</i>, that Luke derived his genealogy from the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, the contemporary Greek translation of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> Bible. The Septuagint also contains the name of Cainan in Genesis 11, which is believed to have been slipped into the text to try and make the <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Flood">Deluge</a> seem to have occurred earlier than it did.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>However, this also poses a problem for Biblical literalists. If the Septuagint was dodgy, that was no problem, since it was not an original manuscript. But since the Gospel of Luke contains the Septuagint's error in its original manuscript, it cannot be hand-waved away. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Answers_in_Genesis" title="Answers in Genesis">Answers in Genesis</a> is rather desperate about it, apparently, as they searched all the way back to <i>1809</i> to find a source that tries to pin the inconsistency on an unlikely "copyist error" that was later concealed by <a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">historical revisionism</a> on the Septuagint, thus absolving the original manuscript from error.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> However, the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, written a century later, maintains that the error <i>was</i> in the Septuagint in Luke's time.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-2">[2]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Textual_contradictions">Textual contradictions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Textual contradictions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Statement" title="Chicago Statement">Chicago Statement</a></i>, as can be seen, the literalists repudiate a <i>hyper</i>-literalism that would have the Bible be errant because a word in it is spelled wrong or the writers do not have the attention to detail seen among <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologists</a>, lawyers, <i>etc.</i> </p><p>They also go on to state that the Bible contains some "hyperbole and round numbers", perhaps taking a swipe at people who cite <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Kings#1_Kings_7:23" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Kings">1 Kings 7:23-26</a> as saying that <a href="/wiki/Fun:Pi#Biblically_knowing_pi" title="Fun:Pi">π=3</a>. However, this obviously does not apply to <i>temporal</i> measurements (passage of years, people's ages), since they also claim that Genesis records a creation of exactly six days of exactly 24 hours. And, as it happens, there are inconsistencies in some temporal measurements, which are discussed further below. </p><p>But beyond such piddling errors, there are a number of real or perceived textual contradictions in the Bible, especially if one is trying to interpret it literally. Although those who read the Bible with no knowledge of it often find more contradictions than are actually in the text, there are many contradictions that are openly acknowledged as such by knowledgeable Bible scholars. In this section we discuss a selection of these contradictions. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Creation">Creation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Creation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Genesis 1 and 2 are two versions of the same story, and neither one makes <i>any sense</i>. It's bad history, it's bad science, it's bad cosmology, it's bad <i>storytelling</i>. You couldn't even grow a Christian Cinematic Universe from all this because no-one can seem to agree on an origin story!</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/Hemant_Mehta" title="Hemant Mehta">Hemant Mehta</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are two separate accounts of creation, one in the first chapter of Genesis and one in the second chapter. Many Bible scholars (in particular those applying the historical-critical exegetical method) freely accept that these two accounts of creation, if read literally, are inconsistent with each other because they were written by different people. According to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="wp:Documentary hypothesis" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> which tried to trace how the Bible formed, Genesis 1 came from the "priestly source" (an Aaronic priest writing ca. 500 <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>), while Genesis 2 came from the "Yahwist source" (scriptures concerning a precursor to the Jewish God from the land of Judah, written ca. 900 BCE). </p><p>On the other hand, according to Biblical literalists, both chapters were written by <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> on instructions from God. Since they are both held to be literally true, they must be consistent in all particulars, though they are not. </p> <h4><span id="Which_came_first:_Adam_or_the_vegetation?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Which_came_first:_Adam_or_the_vegetation.3F">Which came first: Adam or the vegetation?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Which came first: Adam or the vegetation?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4> <table style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;"><b>The vegetation!</b> <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_1:11" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 1:11-27</a>: <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so […] And the evening and the morning were the third day […] So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them […] And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. </p> </blockquote></td><td style="width:1px;background:#606060;"></td><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;"><b>Adam!</b> <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_2:5" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 2:5-9</a>: <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground […] And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in <a href="/wiki/Eden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eden">Eden</a>; and there he put the man whom he had formed. And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food </p> </blockquote></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p>Creationists, such as <a href="/wiki/J._P._Holding" title="J. P. Holding">Tekton Ministry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tektonics_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tektonics-5">[5]</a></sup> have responded with some rather extreme quibbling, saying that God made all <i>non-agricultural</i> plants on the third day and the agricultural ones later, "and that makes sense of the verses following, where God specifically plants the garden of Eden and places man to tend to it." However, this falls somewhat on its face, for reasons shown below. </p> <h4><span id="Which_came_first:_the_animals_or_Adam?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Which_came_first:_the_animals_or_Adam.3F">Which came first: the animals or Adam?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Which came first: the animals or Adam?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4> <table style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;"><b>The animals!</b> <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_1:25" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 1:25-27</a>: <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good [...] So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. </p> </blockquote></td><td style="width:1px;background:#606060;"></td><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;"><b>Adam!</b> <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_2:7" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 2:7-19</a>: <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul [...] And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. </p> </blockquote></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p>Unfortunately, cattle are beasts of the field, as are many other beasts of the earth. This sets their creation both before <i>and</i> after that of Adam. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Grammatical_quibbling">Grammatical quibbling</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Grammatical quibbling">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4> <p>Attempts have been made to reconcile the inconsistency involving the animals through the use of grammatical quibbling (so much for not worrying about "irregularities of grammar"!). </p><p>This can be done because the inconsistency is dependent on wording that does not appear in all versions of the Bible. Most versions render <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_2:8" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 2:8</a> and 2:19 in a simple past tense, indicating that the vegetation and animals came after Adam:<sup id="cite_ref-Tektonics_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tektonics-5">[5]</a></sup> the King James Version gives verse 8 as "And the LORD God planted a garden..." and verse 19 as "And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast..." </p><p>The New International Version does not follow this convention, however, instead using the pluperfect tense, indicating that the vegetation and animals came before Adam: verse 8 is "Now the LORD God <b>had</b> planted a garden..." and verse 19 is "Now the LORD God <b>had</b> formed out of the ground..." </p><p>But while switching to the pluperfect tense eliminates the inconsistency involving the animals, it also eliminates the possibility of the "agricultural" distinction resolving the inconsistency involving the vegetation. </p><p>So this particular grammatical argument cannot produce a consistent creation account in <i>either</i> case, and it is the only argument that Tekton was able to come up with. This is probably why the Tekton refutation includes an <a href="/wiki/Creationist_escape_hatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Creationist escape hatches">escape hatch</a>, saying that any contradiction "is intentional — serving a rhetorical or polemical purpose — and therefore, of no consequence for any supposition of inerrancy." </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Faith_vs._works">Faith vs. works</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Faith vs. works">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The following are Biblical contradictions cited by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> in his attempts to justify cutting four books of the New Testament out of the canon.<sup id="cite_ref-LutherCut_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LutherCut-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <table style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;">"But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead? Was not <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar?" — <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/James#James_2:20" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/James">James 2:20-21</a></td><td style="width:1px;background:#606060;"></td><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;">Rest of the New Testament, according to Luther; in particular <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Romans#Romans_4:1" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Romans">Romans 4:1-2</a>: "What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found? For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God."</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;">"So speak ye, and so do, as they that shall be judged by the law of liberty?" — <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/James#James_2:12" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/James">James 2:12</a></td><td style="width:1px;background:#606060;"></td><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;">Utterances of <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Paul of Tarsus">St. Paul</a> calling the Mosaic Law one of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> (<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Galatians#Galatians_3:23" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Galatians">Galatians 3:23</a>), wrath (<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Romans#Romans_4:15" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Romans">Romans 4:15</a>), <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a> (<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Romans#Romans_8:2" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Romans">Romans 8:2</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> (<i>ibid.</i>).</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><h3><span id="Women_allowed_to_prophesy,_or_not?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Women_allowed_to_prophesy.2C_or_not.3F">Women allowed to prophesy, or not?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Women allowed to prophesy, or not?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>There is an inconsistency of sorts called out by <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> in a commentary on 1 Corinthians 11:<sup id="cite_ref-Calvin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calvin-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <table style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;">"But every woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head uncovered dishonoureth her head: for that is even all one as if she were shaven." — <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Corinthians#1_Corinthians_11:5" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 11:5</a></td><td style="width:1px;background:#606060;"></td><td style="width:50%;padding:0.2em 0.4em;vertical-align:text-top;">"But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man: but to be in silence." — <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Timothy#1_Timothy_2:12" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Timothy">1 Timothy 2:12</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Timothy#1_Timothy_2:12" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Timothy">1 Timothy 2:12</a> prohibits women from any sort of religious teaching, but <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Corinthians#1_Corinthians_11:5" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 11:5</a> implies that women are allowed to make prophecies — and a prophet was counted among the highest religious teachers in those days — although they cannot do it without a head-covering on. </p><p>Calvin acknowledges this implication, but says it is unintentional and that "the Apostle, by here condemning [prophesying without a head-covering], does not commend [prophesying with a head-covering]." This passes the strictest logical muster, but again conflicts with the literalists' idea of "clarity of scripture", especially since people's honor appears to hang in the balance. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Numeric_contradictions">Numeric contradictions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Numeric contradictions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>It's easy to find <a href="/wiki/Gish_Gallop" title="Gish Gallop">long lists</a> of biblical contradictions,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> and just as easy for believers to completely dismiss them,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> since most are subjective or due to an intentionally ignorant reading of the Bible ("God was nice sometimes and mean other times! A contradiction!"). </p><p>However, numbers are hard to argue with.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Inerrancy apologists still jump through hoops trying to explain these away,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> but at some point you have to give up and admit that the most reasonable explanation is that they are simply errors; that the Bible was written and copied by humans who weren't guided by an invisible hand that prevented them from making mistakes. But then doubt sets in: If God allowed these numerical errors to creep in, what other errors might also be there? How would you even know they're there if the passages aren't duplicated in different places? </p> <h3><span id="Jehoiachin's_Age_at_Royal_Ascension"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Jehoiachin.27s_Age_at_Royal_Ascension">Jehoiachin's Age at Royal Ascension</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jehoiachin's Age at Royal Ascension">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In the books <b>II Kings</b> and <b>II Chronicles</b> we get two different ages for Jehoiachin when he ascended the throne of Jerusalem. </p> <blockquote> <p>Jehoiachin was <b>eighteen</b> years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. And his mother's name was Nehushta, the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p>Jehoiachin was <b>eight</b> years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <h3><span id="Ahaziah's_Age_at_Royal_Ascension"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ahaziah.27s_Age_at_Royal_Ascension">Ahaziah's Age at Royal Ascension</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ahaziah's Age at Royal Ascension">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In the books <b>II Kings</b> and <b>II Chronicles</b> we get two different ages for Ahaziah when he began to reign in Jerusalem. </p> <blockquote> <p><b>Two and twenty</b> years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Athaliah the daughter of Omri king of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p><b>Forty and two</b> years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Athaliah the daughter of Omri.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <h3><span id="How_many_horsemen_did_David_capture?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="How_many_horsemen_did_David_capture.3F">How many horsemen did David capture?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: How many horsemen did David capture?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Between <b>II Samuel</b> and <b>I Chronicles</b>, the number of horsemen David takes changes tenfold. </p> <blockquote> <p>And David took from him a thousand chariots, and <b>seven hundred</b> horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them for an hundred chariots.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p>And David took from him a thousand chariots, and <b>seven thousand</b> horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: David also houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them an hundred chariots.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <h3><span id="How_many_stalls_did_Solomon_have_for_his_horses?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="How_many_stalls_did_Solomon_have_for_his_horses.3F">How many stalls did Solomon have for his horses?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: How many stalls did Solomon have for his horses?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>From <b>II Chronicles</b> to <b>I Kings</b>, Solomon experiences a tenfold increase in stalls. </p> <blockquote> <p>And Solomon had <b>four thousand</b> stalls for horses and chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen; whom he bestowed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p>And Solomon had <b>forty thousand</b> stalls of horses for his chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <h3><span id="How_many_animals_were_on_the_ark?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="How_many_animals_were_on_the_ark.3F">How many animals were on the ark?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: How many animals were on the ark?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Number_of_each_%22kind%22_on_Noah%27s_Ark" class="mw-redirect" title="Number of each "kind" on Noah's Ark">Number of each "kind" on Noah's Ark</a></div> <p>God can make seven equal two: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_6:19" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 6:19-20</a>: 2 of each animal [clean or unclean] into the ark. 2 of each kind of bird.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_7:2" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 7:2-3</a>: Actually, make that 7 of each clean animal into the ark, 7 of each kind of bird, and 2 of each unclean animal.</li></ul> <p>(Never mind that the concept of "clean" and "unclean" was not revealed until hundreds of years later.) </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="etc.">etc.</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: etc.">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040903215521/http://www.freethought.mbdojo.com/familycensus.html">Fatal Numerical Discrepancies in the Bible</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_examples">Other examples</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other examples">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Seeing God: </p> <ul><li>John 1: No man hath seen God at any time.</li> <li>Exodus 33: The Lord spoke unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend.</li></ul> <p>The explanation is quite simple: see <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Corinthians#1_Corinthians_2:13" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 2:13</a> </p><p>Jesus vs God: </p> <ul><li>John 10: My Father and I [Jesus] are one.</li> <li>John 14: My Father is greater than I [Jesus].</li></ul> <p>Some Christian apologetics argue that Jesus said that he was lower than his father because he was in a humbled state, with lowered authority, during his time on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Hebrews#Hebrews_2:9" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Hebrews">Hebrews 2:9</a> and <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Philippians#Philippians_2:5" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Philippians">Philippians 2:5-8</a> are cited as evidence. </p><p>Fate of the righteous: </p> <ul><li>Psalm 92: The righteous shall flourish.</li> <li>Isaiah 57: The righteous shall perish from the earth.</li></ul> <p>Last words of Jesus: </p> <ul><li>Matthew 27: The last words of Christ: "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?".</li> <li>Luke 23: The last words of Christ: "Father, unto thy hands I commend my spirit".</li> <li>John 19: The last words of Christ: "It is finished".</li></ul> <p>Two deaths of Judas: </p> <ul><li>Matthew 27: Judas repents and accepts that Jesus was innocent, attempts to return the money to the priests but ultimately has to simply throw the thirty pieces of silver into the temple, and hangs himself (in an undisclosed location) out of shame. The priests, unable to put the "blood money" in the treasury, use it to buy a potter's field which is used to bury strangers. The field is named for Jesus' blood, because it was bought with the "blood money."</li> <li>Acts 1: Judas is not said to repent, goes away and buys a field with his "ill-gotten gain," but manages to "fall headlong" in such a way that his body bursts open and his intestines spill out. The field is named for Judas' blood which was spilled on it.</li></ul> <p>While some inerrantists claim to "harmonise" this by stating that after his hanging, the rope snapped and Judas fell, this is not mentioned in Acts (which simply said he purchased the field and then fell and died in it) or in Matthew (which says he hanged himself and nothing else), and does not deal with the issue that the two accounts differ in almost every way (who bought the field, whether Judas died in the field, why it was called the field of blood, whether Judas was alive or dead when the field was bought, and whether or not Judas was repentant). In actuality there were <i>four</i> early accounts of Judas' death with the other two from Papias, the third where Judas died from swelling to such a size that he could not get through where a wagon could easily pass, and he died after much torment, in a place of his own, his insides pouring out over a wide area - which made the place uninhabitable because of the smell. In the fourth, Judas died from swelling to such a size that he could not get through where a wagon could easily pass, was crushed by a wagon, and his entrails poured out. </p><p>The reason for this is that neither Matthew not the author of Acts (presumed to be Luke) claim to have witnessed the death of Judas, and write a death appropriate for what they believe his crime was. Matthew treats Jesus as a Davidic king, and so as the killer of a king, Judas hangs himself in shame. Luke-Acts treats Judas' death as an accident (and therefore as divine punishment) and Judas as the betrayer of a righteous one, who deserves to die from being dashed on the ground, and as a speaker of untruths, hence his insides spill out. In Papias, Judas's betrayal is viewed as that of a traitor who makes false accusations; consequently, his fate is to swell up, to die miserably, and to have his entrails fall out. </p><p>What is being cursed here? </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Genesis#Genesis_3:14" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Genesis">Genesis 3:14</a>: "And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Job#Job_1:7" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Job">Job 1:7</a>: And the LORD said unto <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>, Whence comest thou? Then Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Zechariah#Zechariah_3:1" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Zechariah">Zechariah 3:1</a>: And he shewed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him.</li></ul> <p>This is at least kind of OK in the Jewish scripture where the Serpent is just a snake, but the Christian interpretation renders the Serpent as Satan, a fallen angel and enemy of God (rather than the Jewish tradition of Satan as a servant of God who tests the faithful, and not the same being). Why then, if the creature in the Garden was <i>not</i> a snake, did God place a curse on snakes? Moreover, if the devil is cursed to go in his belly "all the days of his life," how is he able to "walk up and down" upon the earth in <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Job#Job_1:7" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Job">Job 1:7</a>, or stand by Joshua's right hand in Zechariah 3:1? Did he get better? </p><p>Does fearing God make you wise? </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Proverbs#Proverbs_9:10" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Proverbs">Proverbs 9:10</a>: "The fear of the LORD is the begin of all wisdom. Knowing the holy one is insight. "</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Ecclesiastes#Ecclesiastes_7:16" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes 7:16</a>-<a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Ecclesiastes#Ecclesiastes_7:18" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes 7:18</a>: "Don't be too just and don't be too wise. You could end up being betrayed. But don't live bad and don't act like a fool. You could be death before your time has come. The best is to maintain the one while not losing the other. Who fears God maintains the middle ground between the two."</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_incompatible_attributes" title="Argument from incompatible attributes">Argument from incompatible attributes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_flood_chronology" title="Global flood chronology">Global flood chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_prophecies" title="Biblical prophecies">Biblical prophecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_claims_of_divine_honesty" title="Biblical claims of divine honesty">Biblical claims of divine honesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_contradictions" title="Qur'anic contradictions">Qur'anic contradictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronological_contradictions_in_Jesus%27_crucifixion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronological contradictions in Jesus' crucifixion">Chronological contradictions in Jesus' crucifixion</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infidels.org/library/modern/donald_morgan/contradictions.html">A List of Biblical Inconsistencies</a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblical_contradictions&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2708880">/* Errors processing stylesheet [[:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] (rev 2708880): • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 44 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 50 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 55 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 64 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 96 character 9. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 100 character 9. • Invalid media query at line 138 character 8. */ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBesant1885" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Wood_Besant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annie Wood Besant (page does not exist)">Besant, Annie Wood</a> (1885) [1878]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hVBMAAAAIAAJ"><i>My Path to Atheism</i></a> (3 ed.). London: Freethought Publishing Company. p. vi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2019</span>. <q>A thorough knowledge of the Bible is the groundwork of heresy. Many who think they read their Bibles never read them at all. They go through a chapter a day as a matter of duty, and forget what is said in Matthew before they read what is said in John; hence they never mark the contradictions and never see the discrepancies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Path+to+Atheism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=vi&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Freethought+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Besant&rft.aufirst=Annie+Wood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhVBMAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3ABiblical+contradictions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronology-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03731a.htm">Old Catholic Encyclopedia: "Biblical Chronology"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/2009/07/06/contradictions-an-extra-cainan">Answers in Genesis: "Contradictions: An Extra Cainan?"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ2Ba1qpXKI">Everything Wrong With Genesis 2 in the Bible</a>, The Friendly Atheist</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tektonics-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tektonics_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tektonics_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tektonics.org/jedp/creationtwo.html">Tekton Ministry: "Two Creation Accounts?"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LutherCut-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LutherCut_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/antilegomena.html">"Luther's Antilegomena"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calvin-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Calvin_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.covenanter.org/JCalvin/commentaryonheadcoverings.htm">John Calvin. "Commentary on </a><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Corinthians#1_Corinthians_11:2" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 11:2-16</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Skeptic's Annotated Bible: 473 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/by_name.html">Contradictions in the Bible</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Evil Bible: 143 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evilbible.com/Biblical%20Contradictions.htm">Biblical Contradictions</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/bible.htm">Countering (143) Bible Contradictions</a> "My first impression is to scan such lists, noticing claims which are obviously bogus, and others which are quite challenging. Because the lists are so long I tend to rationalize that any list which would include obviously bogus "contradictions" is suspect and that the more challenging ones could probably be resolved with some effort."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freethought.mbdojo.com/familycensus.html">Fatal Numerical Discrepancies in the Bible</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blessedquietness.com/journal/resource/contrdct.htm">2 Samuel 8:4 — 700 horsemen Or, 1 Chronicles 18:4 — 7000 horsemen?</a> Maybe there were 10 horsemen in a company and one book reported horsemen while the other reported <i>companies</i> of horsemen! Or maybe there were 10 horsemen per chariot! Or maybe there were 700 horsemen captured at one time, and then 6,300 at another time! Or maybe 6,300 men were trained as both horsemen <i>and</i> footsoldiers! We don't know, but it's definitely not an error it <i>can't be an error damn it</i>!</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kjvtoday.com/home/700-7000-or-1700-horsemen-in-2-samuel-84">700, 7000 or 1700 horsemen in 2 Samuel 8:4?</a> "The designation, “horsemen” is a floating label because it attaches when a man is on a horse, and <i>could</i> detach when a man is no longer on a horse."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.cc/2_kings/24-8.htm">II Kings 24:8 (KJV)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.cc/2_chronicles/36-9.htm">II Chronicles 36:9 (KJV)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.cc/2_kings/8-26.htm">II Kings 8:26 (KJV)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.cc/2_chronicles/22-2.htm">II Chronicles 22:2 (KJV)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/2_Samuel#2_Samuel_8:4" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/2 Samuel">2 Samuel 8:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Chronicles#1_Chronicles_18:4" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles 18:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/2_Chronicles#2_Chronicles_9:25" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles 9:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/1_Kings#1_Kings_4:26" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/1 Kings">1 Kings 4:26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://carm.org/questions/about-jesus/if-jesus-god-then-why-did-he-say-father-was-greater-he">https://carm.org/questions/about-jesus/if-jesus-god-then-why-did-he-say-father-was-greater-he</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="the_Bible-navbox" style="clear:both;"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed autocollapse innercollapse outercollapse navbox nowraplinks" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#484329; color:White; text-align:center;"><div style="float:left;" class="navbar"><div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biblebox" title="Template:Biblebox"><span style="color:White">v</span></a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biblebox" title="Template talk:Biblebox"><span style="color:White">t</span></a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biblebox&action=edit"><span style="color:White">e</span></a></div></div><span style="color:White; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible"><span style="color:White">Articles</span></a> about <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible"><span id="the_Bible-navbox" style="color:White">the Bible</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Testament" title="Category:Old Testament"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Old Testament:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tamar" title="Tamar">Tamar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Old_Testament)" title="Joseph (Old Testament)">Joseph (Old Testament)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">Firmament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amalekites" title="Amalekites">Amalekites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Curse of Ham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_wheel" title="Ezekiel's wheel">Ezekiel's wheel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a> • <a href="/wiki/G%27Tach" title="G'Tach">G'Tach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_was_Imhotep" title="Joseph was Imhotep">Joseph was Imhotep</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> • <a href="/wiki/Global_flood" title="Global flood">Global flood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Incubus_and_succubus_myths" title="Incubus and succubus myths">Incubus and succubus myths</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_David" title="King David">King David</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Bible" title="List of actions prohibited by the Bible">List of actions prohibited by the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed_doctrine" title="Serpent seed doctrine">Serpent seed doctrine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cain" title="Mark of Cain">Mark of Cain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sirach" title="Sirach">Sirach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moloch" title="Moloch">Moloch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Book of Joel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Torah" title="Category:Torah"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Torah:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Book of Leviticus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Book of Numbers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Book of Zechariah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Testament_History" title="Category:Old Testament History"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Old Testament History:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Book of Esther</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Book of Ezra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Book of Judges</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Book of Ruth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Books of Samuel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Book of Joshua</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_Testament_Wisdom" title="Category:Old Testament Wisdom"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Old Testament Wisdom:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Solomon" title="Song of Solomon">Song of Solomon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Book of Proverbs</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" title="Book of Psalms">Book of Psalms</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Major_and_Minor_Prophets" title="Category:Major and Minor Prophets"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Major and Minor Prophets:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Book of Lamentations</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Minor_Prophets" title="Books of the Minor Prophets">Books of the Minor Prophets</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Book of Jeremiah</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament" title="Category:New Testament"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">New Testament:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary (mother of Jesus)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Good_Samaritan" title="Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship of the New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Principalities_and_powers" title="Principalities and powers">Principalities and powers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(husband_of_Mary)" title="Joseph (husband of Mary)">Joseph (husband of Mary)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Barnabas" title="Gospel of Barnabas">Gospel of Barnabas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Apostle" title="Peter the Apostle">Peter the Apostle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospels" title="Category:Gospels"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Gospels and Acts:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospels" title="Gospels">Gospels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Q_gospel" title="Q gospel">Q gospel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Pauline_Epistles" title="Category:Pauline Epistles"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Pauline Epistles:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Corinthians" title="Corinthians">Corinthians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Galatians" title="Galatians">Galatians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ephesians" title="Ephesians">Ephesians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Colossians" title="Colossians">Colossians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Epistle to the Philippians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Epistle to Philemon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Epistle to Titus</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">First Epistle to the Thessalonians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">Second Epistle to the Thessalonians</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">Second Epistle to Timothy</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">First Epistle to Timothy</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Epistles" title="Category:General Epistles"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">General Epistles:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Epistle of Jude</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First Epistle of John</a> • <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">First Epistle of Peter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second Epistle of John</a> • <a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">Second Epistle of Peter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">Third Epistle of John</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_analysis" title="Category:Bible analysis"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Bible analysis:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a> • <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship of the New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_interpolation" title="Bible interpolation">Bible interpolation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_sexism" title="Biblical sexism">Biblical sexism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bibliolatry" title="Bibliolatry">Bibliolatry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_for_the_Exodus" title="Evidence for the Exodus">Evidence for the Exodus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospels" title="Gospels">Gospels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_reading" title="Horizontal reading">Horizontal reading</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_James_Only" title="King James Only">King James Only</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Bible" title="List of actions prohibited by the Bible">List of actions prohibited by the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Q_gospel" title="Q gospel">Q gospel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skeptic%27s_Annotated_Bible" title="Skeptic's Annotated Bible">Skeptic's Annotated Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> • <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_translation" title="Bible translation">Bible translation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Word_of_God" title="Word of God">Word of God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:List_of_mistakes_made_by_God" title="Fun:List of mistakes made by God">List of mistakes made by God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abomination" title="Abomination">Abomination</a> • <a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">Firmament</a> • <a href="/wiki/G%27Tach" title="G'Tach">G'Tach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arsenokoites" title="Arsenokoites">Arsenokoites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a> • <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible">Annotated Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Bible" title="Slavery in the Bible">Slavery in the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Examples_of_God_personally_killing_people" title="Examples of God personally killing people">Examples of God personally killing people</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herod" title="Herod">Herod</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Brick_Testament" title="The Brick Testament">The Brick Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_against_a_recent_creation" title="Evidence against a recent creation">Evidence against a recent creation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_errors" title="Biblical scientific errors">Biblical scientific errors</a> • <a href="/wiki/EvilBible.com" title="EvilBible.com">EvilBible.com</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_translations" title="Category:Bible translations"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Bible translations:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Fun:Cockney_Bible" title="Fun:Cockney Bible">Cockney Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Douay-Rheims" title="Douay-Rheims">Douay-Rheims</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Bible" title="Jefferson Bible">Jefferson Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_James_Only" title="King James Only">King James Only</a> • <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_translation" title="Bible translation">Bible translation</a> • <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible" title="RationalWiki:Annotated Bible">Annotated Bible</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Apocrypha" title="Category:Apocrypha"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Apocrypha:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Book of Judith</a> • <a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Enoch" title="Books of Enoch">Books of Enoch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Maccabees" title="Books of the Maccabees">Books of the Maccabees</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas" title="Gospel of Judas">Gospel of Judas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mary" title="Gospel of Mary">Gospel of Mary</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Philip" title="Gospel of Philip">Gospel of Philip</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Gospel of Thomas">Gospel of Thomas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_James" title="Infancy Gospel of James">Infancy Gospel of James</a> • <a href="/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Infancy Gospel of Thomas">Infancy Gospel of Thomas</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Biblical_figures" title="Category:Biblical figures"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Biblical figures:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Old_Testament)" title="Joseph (Old Testament)">Joseph (Old Testament)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary (mother of Jesus)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> • <a href="/wiki/YHWH" title="YHWH">YHWH</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amalekites" title="Amalekites">Amalekites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_David" title="King David">King David</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(husband_of_Mary)" title="Joseph (husband of Mary)">Joseph (husband of Mary)</a> • <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herod" title="Herod">Herod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tamar" title="Tamar">Tamar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_woo" title="Category:Bible woo"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Bible woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Jesus_diet" title="Jesus diet">Jesus diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Name_it_and_claim_it" title="Name it and claim it">Name it and claim it</a> • <a href="/wiki/Snake_handling" title="Snake handling">Snake handling</a> • <a href="/wiki/Speaking_in_tongues" title="Speaking in tongues">Speaking in tongues</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_warfare" title="Spiritual warfare">Spiritual warfare</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Bible_Code" title="The Bible Code">The Bible Code</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">Gematria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">Stigmata</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_longevity" title="Biblical longevity">Biblical longevity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hanzi_of_Genesis" title="Hanzi of Genesis">Hanzi of Genesis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dr._Bronner%27s_Soap" title="Dr. Bronner's Soap">Dr. Bronner's Soap</a> • <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Prayer_Team" title="Presidential Prayer Team">Presidential Prayer Team</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">Trinity Broadcasting Network</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zecharia_Sitchin" title="Zecharia Sitchin">Zecharia Sitchin</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Ussher" title="James Ussher">James Ussher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creation_Week" title="Creation Week">Creation Week</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zion_Oil_and_Gas" title="Zion Oil and Gas">Zion Oil and Gas</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Drama_of_the_Lost_Disciples" title="The Drama of the Lost Disciples">The Drama of the Lost Disciples</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roman_Piso" title="Roman Piso">Roman Piso</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jose_Luis_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Jose Luis de Jesús">Jose Luis de Jesús</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Biblical scientific foreknowledge">Biblical scientific foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Otto" title="Jonathan Otto">Jonathan Otto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benny_Hinn" title="Benny Hinn">Benny Hinn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Presents_Of_God_Ministry" title="Presents Of God Ministry">Presents Of God Ministry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Solfeggio_frequencies" title="Solfeggio frequencies">Solfeggio frequencies</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ham" title="Ken Ham">Ken Ham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Camping" title="Harold Camping">Harold Camping</a> • <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Creation_Research" title="Institute for Creation Research">Institute for Creation Research</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Quayle" title="Steve Quayle">Steve Quayle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah_Center" title="Kabbalah Center">Kabbalah Center</a> • <a href="/wiki/Acharya_S" title="Acharya S">Acharya S</a> • <a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Peters" title="Peter J. Peters">Peter J. Peters</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_wheel" title="Ezekiel's wheel">Ezekiel's wheel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creation_Research" title="Creation Research">Creation Research</a> • <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Biblical_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Category:Biblical scientific foreknowledge"><span style="color:White; font-size:125%">Scientific foreknowledge:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Gaps_between_Science_and_the_Bible" title="Gaps between Science and the Bible">Gaps between Science and the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Biblical scientific foreknowledge">Biblical scientific foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Facts_in_the_Bible:_100_Reasons_to_Believe_the_Bible_is_Supernatural_in_Origin" title="Scientific Facts in the Bible: 100 Reasons to Believe the Bible is Supernatural in Origin">Scientific Facts in the Bible: 100 Reasons to Believe the Bible is Supernatural in Origin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Science_Confirms_the_Bible" title="Science Confirms the Bible">Science Confirms the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eternal_Productions:_101_Scientific_Facts_and_Foreknowledge" title="Eternal Productions: 101 Scientific Facts and Foreknowledge">Eternal Productions: 101 Scientific Facts and Foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Modern_Science_in_the_Bible" title="Modern Science in the Bible">Modern Science in the Bible</a> • </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="apologetics_and_counter-apologetics-navbox" style="clear:both;"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed autocollapse innercollapse outercollapse navbox nowraplinks" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#484329; color:white; text-align:center;"><div style="float:left;" class="navbar"><div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apolbox" title="Template:Apolbox"><span style="color:white">v</span></a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apolbox" title="Template talk:Apolbox"><span style="color:white">t</span></a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Apolbox&action=edit"><span style="color:white">e</span></a></div></div><span style="color:white; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apologetics_and_counter-apologetics" title="Category:Apologetics and counter-apologetics"><span style="color:white">Articles</span></a> about <a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics"><span id="apologetics_and_counter-apologetics-navbox" style="color:white">apologetics and counter-apologetics</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Apologetics_and_counter-apologetics" title="Category:Apologetics and counter-apologetics"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Apologetics and counter-apologetics:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Question_Evolution" title="Question Evolution">Question Evolution</a> • <a href="/wiki/Christianity_is_not_a_religion" title="Christianity is not a religion">Christianity is not a religion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Proof_the_Bible_is_True" title="Fun:Proof the Bible is True">Proof the Bible is True</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Proof_God_is_Always_Right" title="Fun:Proof God is Always Right">Proof God is Always Right</a> • <a href="/wiki/Russell%27s_Teapot" title="Russell's Teapot">Russell's Teapot</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Apologetics" title="New Apologetics">New Apologetics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics">Apologetics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zeal_of_the_convert" title="Zeal of the convert">Zeal of the convert</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Statements_that_are_wrong_on_the_level_of_a_Young_Earth" title="Fun:Statements that are wrong on the level of a Young Earth">Statements that are wrong on the level of a Young Earth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_for_God_from_Science" title="Evidence for God from Science">Evidence for God from Science</a> • <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atheists_hate_god" title="Atheists hate god">Atheists hate god</a> • <a href="/wiki/Torah_Philosophy" title="Torah Philosophy">Torah Philosophy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Answering_Islam" title="Answering Islam">Answering Islam</a> • <a href="/wiki/ProphecyFilm.com" title="ProphecyFilm.com">ProphecyFilm.com</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atheist_professor_myth" title="Atheist professor myth">Atheist professor myth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minimal_facts_argument" title="Minimal facts argument">Minimal facts argument</a> • <a href="/wiki/FAQ_for_the_Newly_Deconverted" title="FAQ for the Newly Deconverted">FAQ for the Newly Deconverted</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nahom" title="Nahom">Nahom</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuzari_principle" title="Kuzari principle">Kuzari principle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins_-_God_Hater" title="Richard Dawkins - God Hater">Richard Dawkins - God Hater</a> • <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion" title="Mara bar Serapion">Mara bar Serapion</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Existence_of_gods" title="Category:Existence of gods"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Existence of gods:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Religious_scientists" title="Religious scientists">Religious scientists</a> • <a href="/wiki/Omnipotence_paradox" title="Omnipotence paradox">Omnipotence paradox</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ontological_argument" title="Ontological argument">Ontological argument</a> • <a href="/wiki/Presuppositionalism" title="Presuppositionalism">Presuppositionalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_evil" title="Problem of evil">Problem of evil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Transcendental_argument_for_God" title="Transcendental argument for God">Transcendental argument for God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Oenological_argument" title="Fun:Oenological argument">Oenological argument</a> • <a href="/wiki/God_of_the_gaps" title="God of the gaps">God of the gaps</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_for_God%27s_existence" title="Evidence for God's existence">Evidence for God's existence</a> • <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_morality" title="Argument from morality">Argument from morality</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Argument_from_molarity" title="Fun:Argument from molarity">Argument from molarity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_first_cause" title="Argument from first cause">Argument from first cause</a> • <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_fine_tuning" title="Argument from fine tuning">Argument from fine tuning</a> • <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_design" title="Argument from design">Argument from design</a> • <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_beauty" title="Argument from beauty">Argument from beauty</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Trilemma" title="Lewis Trilemma">Lewis Trilemma</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Magic_sandwich" title="Fun:Magic sandwich">Magic sandwich</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evil_is_the_absence_of_God" title="Evil is the absence of God">Evil is the absence of God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kissing_Hank%27s_Ass" title="Kissing Hank's Ass">Kissing Hank's Ass</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Dragon_in_My_Garage" title="The Dragon in My Garage">The Dragon in My Garage</a> • <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a> • <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_desire" title="Argument from desire">Argument from desire</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arguments_against_the_existence_of_God" title="Arguments against the existence of God">Arguments against the existence of God</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Belief_in_gods" title="Category:Belief in gods"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Belief in gods:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_wager" title="Pascal's wager">Pascal's wager</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_gods_that_theists_don%27t_believe_in" title="List of gods that theists don't believe in">List of gods that theists don't believe in</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_religion" title="Category:Science and religion"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Science and religion:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Fideism" title="Fideism">Fideism</a> • <a href="/wiki/God_of_the_gaps" title="God of the gaps">God of the gaps</a> • <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_falling" title="Intelligent falling">Intelligent falling</a> • <a href="/wiki/Non-Overlapping_Magisteria" title="Non-Overlapping Magisteria">Non-Overlapping Magisteria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a> • <a href="/wiki/Accommodationism" title="Accommodationism">Accommodationism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Burwell_v._Hobby_Lobby" title="Burwell v. Hobby Lobby">Burwell v. Hobby Lobby</a> • <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Science_and_religion" title="Science and religion">Science and religion</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Morality_and_religion" title="Category:Morality and religion"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Morality and religion:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Just_world_fallacy" title="Just world fallacy">Just world fallacy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command theory</a> • <a href="/wiki/Euthyphro_dilemma" title="Euthyphro dilemma">Euthyphro dilemma</a> • <a href="/wiki/Birth_as_a_Grave_Misfortune" title="Birth as a Grave Misfortune">Birth as a Grave Misfortune</a> • <a href="/wiki/Responding_to_Sam_Burke%27s_Argument_That_Christianity_Entails_Anti-Natalism" title="Responding to Sam Burke's Argument That Christianity Entails Anti-Natalism">Responding to Sam Burke's Argument That Christianity Entails Anti-Natalism</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Scriptures" title="Category:Scriptures"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Scriptures:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> • <a href="/wiki/Q_gospel" title="Q gospel">Q gospel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Book_of_Mormon" title="Fun:Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> • <a href="/wiki/Essene_Gospel_of_Peace" title="Essene Gospel of Peace">Essene Gospel of Peace</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aquarian_Gospel_of_Jesus_the_Christ" title="Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ">Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ</a> • <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tao_Te_Ching" title="Tao Te Ching">Tao Te Ching</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Urantia_Book" title="The Urantia Book">The Urantia Book</a> • <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">Kutub al-Sittah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Holy_book" title="Holy book">Holy book</a> • <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Health_with_Key_to_the_Scriptures" title="Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures">Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Avenue_Q_gospel" title="Fun:Avenue Q gospel">Avenue Q gospel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oahspe" title="Oahspe">Oahspe</a> • <a href="/wiki/A_Course_in_Miracles" title="A Course in Miracles">A Course in Miracles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_and_Covenants" title="Doctrine and Covenants">Doctrine and Covenants</a> • <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Enoch" title="Books of Enoch">Books of Enoch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pearl_of_Great_Price" title="Pearl of Great Price">Pearl of Great Price</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">List of Hindu texts</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_analysis" title="Category:Bible analysis"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Bible analysis:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a> • <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship of the New Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_interpolation" title="Bible interpolation">Bible interpolation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_sexism" title="Biblical sexism">Biblical sexism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bibliolatry" title="Bibliolatry">Bibliolatry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_for_the_Exodus" title="Evidence for the Exodus">Evidence for the Exodus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gospels" title="Gospels">Gospels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_reading" title="Horizontal reading">Horizontal reading</a> • <a href="/wiki/King_James_Only" title="King James Only">King James Only</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Bible" title="List of actions prohibited by the Bible">List of actions prohibited by the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Q_gospel" title="Q gospel">Q gospel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skeptic%27s_Annotated_Bible" title="Skeptic's Annotated Bible">Skeptic's Annotated Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> • <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_translation" title="Bible translation">Bible translation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Word_of_God" title="Word of God">Word of God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:List_of_mistakes_made_by_God" title="Fun:List of mistakes made by God">List of mistakes made by God</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abomination" title="Abomination">Abomination</a> • <a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">Firmament</a> • <a href="/wiki/G%27Tach" title="G'Tach">G'Tach</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arsenokoites" title="Arsenokoites">Arsenokoites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Bible" title="Slavery in the Bible">Slavery in the Bible</a> • <a href="/wiki/Examples_of_God_personally_killing_people" title="Examples of God personally killing people">Examples of God personally killing people</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herod" title="Herod">Herod</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Brick_Testament" title="The Brick Testament">The Brick Testament</a> • <a href="/wiki/Evidence_against_a_recent_creation" title="Evidence against a recent creation">Evidence against a recent creation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scientific_errors" title="Biblical scientific errors">Biblical scientific errors</a> • <a href="/wiki/EvilBible.com" title="EvilBible.com">EvilBible.com</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Qur%27an_analysis" title="Category:Qur'an analysis"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Qur'an analysis:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Qur%27an" title="List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an">List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge">Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_scientific_errors" title="Qur'anic scientific errors">Qur'anic scientific errors</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_contradictions" title="Qur'anic contradictions">Qur'anic contradictions</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#484329; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Apologists_and_counter-apologists" title="Category:Apologists and counter-apologists"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Apologists and counter-apologists:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Matt_Dillahunty" title="Matt Dillahunty">Matt Dillahunty</a> • <a href="/wiki/TheraminTrees" title="TheraminTrees">TheraminTrees</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hemant_Mehta" title="Hemant Mehta">Hemant Mehta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Templeton" title="Charles Templeton">Charles Templeton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Current" title="Edward Current">Edward Current</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armoured_Skeptic" title="Armoured Skeptic">Armoured Skeptic</a> • <a href="/wiki/DarkMatter2525" title="DarkMatter2525">DarkMatter2525</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Peter Kreeft</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_apologists" title="Category:Christian apologists"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Christian apologists:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jack_Chick" title="Jack Chick">Jack Chick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Cameron" title="Kirk Cameron">Kirk Cameron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ray_Comfort" title="Ray Comfort">Ray Comfort</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sarfati" title="Jonathan Sarfati">Jonathan Sarfati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morris" title="Henry Morris">Henry Morris</a> • <a href="/wiki/Duane_Gish" title="Duane Gish">Duane Gish</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Snelling" title="Andrew Snelling">Andrew Snelling</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Zacharias" title="Ravi Zacharias">Ravi Zacharias</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lee_Strobel" title="Lee Strobel">Lee Strobel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Glynn" title="Patrick Glynn">Patrick Glynn</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Ray_Griffin" title="David Ray Griffin">David Ray Griffin</a> • <a href="/wiki/R._J._Rushdoony" title="R. J. Rushdoony">R. J. Rushdoony</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gary_North" title="Gary North">Gary North</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brian_Thomas" title="Brian Thomas">Brian Thomas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apologetics_Press" title="Apologetics Press">Apologetics Press</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gary_Habermas" title="Gary Habermas">Gary Habermas</a> • <a href="/wiki/J._P._Holding" title="J. P. Holding">J. P. Holding</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herb_Titus" title="Herb Titus">Herb Titus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Tomkins" title="Jeffrey Tomkins">Jeffrey Tomkins</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ford" title="Lawrence Ford">Lawrence Ford</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Jeanson" title="Nathaniel Jeanson">Nathaniel Jeanson</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Morris" title="John Morris">John Morris</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tim_Todd" title="Tim Todd">Tim Todd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sye_Ten_Bruggencate" title="Sye Ten Bruggencate">Sye Ten Bruggencate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Randal_Rauser" title="Randal Rauser">Randal Rauser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Timothy_LaHaye" title="Timothy LaHaye">Timothy LaHaye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ben_Hobrink" title="Ben Hobrink">Ben Hobrink</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bible_Issues" title="Bible Issues">Bible Issues</a> • <a href="/wiki/WallBuilders" title="WallBuilders">WallBuilders</a> • <a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_III" title="L. Brent Bozell III">L. Brent Bozell III</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Rush Limbaugh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alister_McGrath" title="Alister McGrath">Alister McGrath</a> • <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Davis" title="Buddy Davis">Buddy Davis</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Lane_Craig" title="William Lane Craig">William Lane Craig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Ross Douthat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Norman_Geisler" title="Norman Geisler">Norman Geisler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Farah" title="Joseph Farah">Joseph Farah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Beale" title="Theodore Beale">Theodore Beale</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> • <a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Wood" title="David Wood">David Wood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Feser" title="Edward Feser">Edward Feser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_American_Loons" title="Encyclopedia of American Loons">Encyclopedia of American Loons</a> • <a href="/wiki/Got_Questions" title="Got Questions">Got Questions</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">Dinesh D'Souza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Computing_Forever" title="Computing Forever">Computing Forever</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Dennis Prager</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hovind" title="Eric Hovind">Eric Hovind</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Van_Til" title="Cornelius Van Til">Cornelius Van Til</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Turek" title="Frank Turek">Frank Turek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Sellner" title="Brittany Sellner">Brittany Sellner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ham" title="Ken Ham">Ken Ham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga" title="Alvin Plantinga">Alvin Plantinga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Laura Ingraham</a> • <a href="/wiki/E._Calvin_Beisner" title="E. Calvin Beisner">E. Calvin Beisner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bill_Muehlenberg" title="Bill Muehlenberg">Bill Muehlenberg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malthus" title="Thomas Malthus">Thomas Malthus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Josh_McDowell" title="Josh McDowell">Josh McDowell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cahill" title="Mark Cahill">Mark Cahill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayaan_Hirsi_Ali" title="Ayaan Hirsi Ali">Ayaan Hirsi Ali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kent_Hovind" title="Kent Hovind">Kent Hovind</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creation_Ministries_International" title="Creation Ministries International">Creation Ministries International</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Turley" title="Steve Turley">Steve Turley</a> • <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creation_Research" title="Creation Research">Creation Research</a> • <a href="/wiki/Redeemed_Zoomer" title="Redeemed Zoomer">Redeemed Zoomer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Veith" title="Walter Veith">Walter Veith</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#484329; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Muslim_apologists" title="Category:Muslim apologists"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Muslim apologists:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#B8B379;"> <a href="/wiki/Harun_Yahya" title="Harun Yahya">Harun Yahya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dawah_Man" title="Dawah Man">Dawah Man</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Tzortzis" title="Hamza Tzortzis">Hamza Tzortzis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zakir_Naik" title="Zakir Naik">Zakir Naik</a> • </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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