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Da Vittore (189-199) a Liberio (352-366)", in : COSTANTINO I. Enciclopedia costantiniana sulla figura e l'immagine dell'imperatore del cosiddetto editto di Milano, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, vol. 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25341915/Making_Your_Mark_in_Britannia_an_investigation_into_the_use_of_signet_rings_and_intaglios_in_Roman_Britain">Making Your Mark in Britannia: an investigation into the use of signet rings and intaglios in Roman Britain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This project presents and analyses all of the signet rings and intaglios so far unearthed in Roman Britain to reinterpret how they were used and their role within provincial society. These small artefacts have traditionally been regarded... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25341915" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This project presents and analyses all of the signet rings and intaglios so far unearthed in Roman Britain to reinterpret how they were used and their role within provincial society. These small artefacts have traditionally been regarded as attractive but relatively insignificant minor objets d’art, with little relevance to the wider discourses of Romanists. This thesis attempts a more critical examination of how they were used and their role within provincial Roman society. I argue that signet rings were an essential element in provincial society that should no longer be overlooked. This project builds on the pioneering Corpus assembled by Martin Henig in the 1970s, including more recent<br />discoveries and more than doubling the material available to him. This combined body of evidence includes 2,012 signet rings and intaglios, making it one of the largest contextualised assemblages of these objects ever studied. It also benefits from the results of developer funded archaeology and the advent of recording by the Portable Antiquities Scheme, enabling us to create a richer and more detailed picture how they were used.<br /><br />My approach has been to resituate these objects in terms of the archaeological context in which they were found, but also to consider them as functional as well as decorative objects. When<br />studied in this way signet rings provide a unique perspective on the identity of their wearers, and how they wanted to present themselves to others. I have found growing evidence for the use of signet rings amongst local elites before the Roman invasion of Britain, and it is clear that they had a role to play in negotiating identity after the conquest. I have also been able to identify trends in the way that different communities used signet rings, both as regards their imagery and materiality. It is also apparent that in<br />some parts of Britain these objects remained a feature of a type of dress and the hallmark of a society that remained alien to their inhabitants throughout the Roman period. However, for those who chose to wear them, signet rings could be more than just objects but reflections of themselves.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25341915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e58f0dc1801e64714c7c3a3dd2e52380" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49891969,"asset_id":25341915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49891969/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="355663" href="https://leicester.academia.edu/IanMarshman">Ian J Marshman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="355663" type="text/json">{"id":355663,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Marshman","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"IanMarshman","display_name":"Ian J Marshman","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/IanMarshman?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355663/94951/107060/s65_ian.marshman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25341915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25341915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25341915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25341915", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25341915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25341915").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25341915").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25341915"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_">Identity (Culture)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5272" type="text/json">{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11059" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigillography">Sigillography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11059" type="text/json">{"id":11059,"name":"Sigillography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigillography?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain">Roman Britain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16759" type="text/json">{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32247" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks">Roman Trade Networks</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32247" type="text/json">{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25341915]'), work: {"id":25341915,"title":"Making Your Mark in Britannia: an investigation into the use of signet rings and intaglios in Roman Britain","created_at":"2016-05-15T04:48:49.170-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25341915/Making_Your_Mark_in_Britannia_an_investigation_into_the_use_of_signet_rings_and_intaglios_in_Roman_Britain?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_25341915","summary":"This project presents and analyses all of the signet rings and intaglios so far unearthed in Roman Britain to reinterpret how they were used and their role within provincial society. These small artefacts have traditionally been regarded as attractive but relatively insignificant minor objets d’art, with little relevance to the wider discourses of Romanists. This thesis attempts a more critical examination of how they were used and their role within provincial Roman society. I argue that signet rings were an essential element in provincial society that should no longer be overlooked. This project builds on the pioneering Corpus assembled by Martin Henig in the 1970s, including more recent\ndiscoveries and more than doubling the material available to him. This combined body of evidence includes 2,012 signet rings and intaglios, making it one of the largest contextualised assemblages of these objects ever studied. It also benefits from the results of developer funded archaeology and the advent of recording by the Portable Antiquities Scheme, enabling us to create a richer and more detailed picture how they were used.\n\nMy approach has been to resituate these objects in terms of the archaeological context in which they were found, but also to consider them as functional as well as decorative objects. When\nstudied in this way signet rings provide a unique perspective on the identity of their wearers, and how they wanted to present themselves to others. I have found growing evidence for the use of signet rings amongst local elites before the Roman invasion of Britain, and it is clear that they had a role to play in negotiating identity after the conquest. I have also been able to identify trends in the way that different communities used signet rings, both as regards their imagery and materiality. It is also apparent that in\nsome parts of Britain these objects remained a feature of a type of dress and the hallmark of a society that remained alien to their inhabitants throughout the Roman period. However, for those who chose to wear them, signet rings could be more than just objects but reflections of themselves.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49891969,"asset_id":25341915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":355663,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Marshman","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"IanMarshman","display_name":"Ian J Marshman","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/IanMarshman?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355663/94951/107060/s65_ian.marshman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":11059,"name":"Sigillography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigillography?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":32247,"name":"Roman Trade Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Trade_Networks?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":38438,"name":"Glyptics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glyptics?f_ri=119014"},{"id":43197,"name":"Roman rural settlements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_rural_settlements?f_ri=119014"},{"id":48230,"name":"Roman Provincial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Provincial_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":73323,"name":"Roman Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Urbanism?f_ri=119014"},{"id":95424,"name":"Greek and Roman Art and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Art_and_Architecture?f_ri=119014"},{"id":100350,"name":"Roman military equipment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_equipment?f_ri=119014"},{"id":108448,"name":"Roman Provincial Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Provincial_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":116502,"name":"Intaglios","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intaglios?f_ri=119014"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":132580,"name":"Late Iron Age/Roman transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Iron_Age_Roman_transition?f_ri=119014"},{"id":224131,"name":"Gemstones provenance in antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gemstones_provenance_in_antiquity?f_ri=119014"},{"id":312862,"name":"Roman clothing and identities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_clothing_and_identities?f_ri=119014"},{"id":414674,"name":"Roman Jewellery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Jewellery?f_ri=119014"},{"id":458520,"name":"Roman Glyptics and Jewelry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Glyptics_and_Jewelry?f_ri=119014"},{"id":632327,"name":"Ancient Gemstones,jewelery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Gemstones_jewelery?f_ri=119014"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":668668,"name":"Sphragistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sphragistics?f_ri=119014"},{"id":753048,"name":"Archaeology of Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Communities?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26491506" data-work_id="26491506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26491506/The_fate_of_statues_a_contextualised_study_of_sculpture_in_Late_Antique_Cyprus_Unpublished_PhD_thesis_in_two_volumes_Durham_University_2016_">The fate of statues: a contextualised study of sculpture in Late Antique Cyprus (Unpublished PhD thesis in two volumes; Durham University 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Research undertaken in Durham University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health: Department of Archaeology; supervised by Dr Anna Leone. Viva voce examination held on April 15th, 2016. Examiners: Prof. Roland R. R. Smith (University of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26491506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Research undertaken in Durham University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health: Department of Archaeology; supervised by Dr Anna Leone.<br /><br />Viva voce examination held on April 15th, 2016.<br />Examiners: Prof. Roland R. R. Smith (University of Oxford), Dr Catherine M. Draycott (Durham University).<br />Outcome: passed forthwith (no corrections; thesis passed unconditionally).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26491506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6034bfdb0370ba32a25c065930ffdbd3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46787859,"asset_id":26491506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46787859/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="466845" href="https://departmentantiquitiescyprus.academia.edu/PanayiotisPanayides">Panayiotis Panayides</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="466845" type="text/json">{"id":466845,"first_name":"Panayiotis","last_name":"Panayides","domain_name":"departmentantiquitiescyprus","page_name":"PanayiotisPanayides","display_name":"Panayiotis Panayides","profile_url":"https://departmentantiquitiescyprus.academia.edu/PanayiotisPanayides?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/466845/155071/3016008/s65_panayiotis.panayides.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26491506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26491506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26491506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26491506", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26491506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26491506; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26491506"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26491506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26491506"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26491506; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26491506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26491506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26491506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26491506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="393" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology">Classical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="393" type="text/json">{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_History">Late Antique and Byzantine History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="990" type="text/json">{"id":990,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="991" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies">Late Antique and Byzantine Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="991" type="text/json">{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26491506]'), work: {"id":26491506,"title":"The fate of statues: a contextualised study of sculpture in Late Antique Cyprus (Unpublished PhD thesis in two volumes; Durham University 2016)","created_at":"2016-06-25T12:56:53.948-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26491506/The_fate_of_statues_a_contextualised_study_of_sculpture_in_Late_Antique_Cyprus_Unpublished_PhD_thesis_in_two_volumes_Durham_University_2016_?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_26491506","summary":"Research undertaken in Durham University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health: Department of Archaeology; supervised by Dr Anna Leone.\n\nViva voce examination held on April 15th, 2016.\nExaminers: Prof. Roland R. R. Smith (University of Oxford), Dr Catherine M. Draycott (Durham University).\nOutcome: passed forthwith (no corrections; thesis passed unconditionally).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46787859,"asset_id":26491506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":466845,"first_name":"Panayiotis","last_name":"Panayides","domain_name":"departmentantiquitiescyprus","page_name":"PanayiotisPanayides","display_name":"Panayiotis Panayides","profile_url":"https://departmentantiquitiescyprus.academia.edu/PanayiotisPanayides?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/466845/155071/3016008/s65_panayiotis.panayides.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":990,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":3789,"name":"Cypriot Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cypriot_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":4054,"name":"Cyprus Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprus_Studies?f_ri=119014"},{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=119014"},{"id":7092,"name":"Pagan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pagan_Studies?f_ri=119014"},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=119014"},{"id":15481,"name":"Roman Villae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Villae?f_ri=119014"},{"id":16978,"name":"History of Cyprus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cyprus?f_ri=119014"},{"id":23483,"name":"Neoplatonism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplatonism?f_ri=119014"},{"id":24255,"name":"Late Antique Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":24670,"name":"Roman Baths (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Baths_Archaeology_?f_ri=119014"},{"id":32626,"name":"Graeco-Roman Mosaics and Wall Paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Mosaics_and_Wall_Paintings?f_ri=119014"},{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":33978,"name":"Roman Marble trade and distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Marble_trade_and_distribution?f_ri=119014"},{"id":84391,"name":"Spolia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spolia?f_ri=119014"},{"id":85515,"name":"Roman Sculpture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Sculpture?f_ri=119014"},{"id":118124,"name":"Recycling of Building Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling_of_Building_Materials?f_ri=119014"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":469738,"name":"Greek and Roman Sculpture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Sculpture?f_ri=119014"},{"id":1906622,"name":"Style and Meaning in the Late Antique Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Style_and_Meaning_in_the_Late_Antique_Visual_Arts?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1345278" data-work_id="1345278" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1345278/Aus_den_Augen_verloren_Ein_bemerkenswerter_Beinfund_aus_dem_Gebiet_der_Colonia_Ulpia_Traiana_Arch%C3%A4ologisches_Korrespondenzblatt_40_2010_243_249">Aus den Augen verloren. Ein bemerkenswerter Beinfund aus dem Gebiet der Colonia Ulpia Traiana. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 40, 2010, 243-249.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1345278" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc638180afc024c71dbd6ed048de27f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32097896,"asset_id":1345278,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32097896/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1125568" href="https://uni-koeln.academia.edu/JuttaZerres">Jutta Zerres</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1125568" type="text/json">{"id":1125568,"first_name":"Jutta","last_name":"Zerres","domain_name":"uni-koeln","page_name":"JuttaZerres","display_name":"Jutta Zerres","profile_url":"https://uni-koeln.academia.edu/JuttaZerres?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1125568/393995/48196419/s65_jutta.zerres.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1345278 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1345278"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1345278, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1345278", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1345278]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1345278").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1345278").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1345278"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_and_Antler">Bone and Antler</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10139" type="text/json">{"id":10139,"name":"Bone and Antler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_and_Antler?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85515" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Sculpture">Roman Sculpture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85515" type="text/json">{"id":85515,"name":"Roman Sculpture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Sculpture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="90262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Small_Finds">Roman Small Finds</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="90262" type="text/json">{"id":90262,"name":"Roman Small Finds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Small_Finds?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1345278]'), work: {"id":1345278,"title":"Aus den Augen verloren. Ein bemerkenswerter Beinfund aus dem Gebiet der Colonia Ulpia Traiana. 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Archäologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Provinzialromische_Archaologie?f_ri=119014"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":731354,"name":"Archaeology In Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_In_Germany?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31940027" data-work_id="31940027" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31940027/_Introduction_to_Life_Death_and_Representation_Some_New_Work_on_Roman_Sarcophagi_edited_by_Jas_Elsner_and_Janet_Huskinson_Berlin_and_New_York_De_Gruyter_2011_1_20">“Introduction” to Life, Death and Representation: Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi, edited by Jas' Elsner and Janet Huskinson, Berlin and New York, De Gruyter, 2011, 1-20</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31940027" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b587de2411acf00e4eca199977a1c30d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52218249,"asset_id":31940027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31940027"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25525" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christian_Art">Early Christian Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25525" type="text/json">{"id":25525,"name":"Early Christian Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christian_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art">Ancient Greek and Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33438" type="text/json">{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70805" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christian_Archaeology">Early Christian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70805" type="text/json">{"id":70805,"name":"Early Christian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christian_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31940027]'), work: {"id":31940027,"title":"“Introduction” to 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Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christian_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":70805,"name":"Early Christian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christian_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2525047" data-work_id="2525047" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2525047/Greek_Large_Scale_Bronze_Statuary_The_Late_Archaic_and_Classical_Periods">Greek Large-Scale Bronze Statuary: The Late Archaic and Classical Periods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book presents a new study of Greek large-scale bronze statuary of the late Archaic and Classical periods. It examines the discovery, origin, style, date, artistic attribution, identification, and interpretation of the surviving... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2525047" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book presents a new study of Greek large-scale bronze statuary of the late Archaic and Classical periods. It examines the discovery, origin, style, date, artistic attribution, identification, and interpretation of the surviving bronzes, and focuses in particular on their technical features and casting techniques. It contains over 170 plates of photographs and drawings to illustrate its discussion.<br /><br />It also places the development of the casting techniques in connection with the stylistic evolution in Greek free-standing sculpture. During the Classical period, artists preferred bronze to marble when creating their contrapposto figures. Indisputably, bronze gave particular freedom to artists in creating three-dimensional figures. In addition, the evolution in style encouraged the development of the uses of bronze to serve the new needs and tendencies in sculpture during the late Archaic and especially the Classical period. Through the examination of how technical matters affect style, this book presents fresh interpretations of these important monuments of Greek art and offers a new approach in the field of Greek free-standing bronze sculpture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2525047" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98ee267d366c4b303807bb1313d99ef3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60792190,"asset_id":2525047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60792190/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2783848" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/KosmasDafas">Dr Kosmas A. 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Youth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antikythera_Youth?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27237396" data-work_id="27237396" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27237396/Nudity_Iconography_">Nudity (Iconography)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27237396" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bee1b4be198756a1b5a01381ad0a88bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47496484,"asset_id":27237396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47496484/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78007" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/PeterStewart">Peter Stewart</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78007" type="text/json">{"id":78007,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Stewart","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"PeterStewart","display_name":"Peter Stewart","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/PeterStewart?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78007/21653/25080877/s65_peter.stewart.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27237396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27237396"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27237396, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27237396", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27237396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27237396]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27237396").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27237396").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27237396"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5041" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology">Late Antique Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5041" type="text/json">{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Art">Classical Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12797" type="text/json">{"id":12797,"name":"Classical Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art">Ancient Greek and Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33438" type="text/json">{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74303" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nudity">Nudity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="74303" type="text/json">{"id":74303,"name":"Nudity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nudity?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27237396]'), work: {"id":27237396,"title":"Nudity (Iconography)","created_at":"2016-07-25T02:41:15.979-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27237396/Nudity_Iconography_?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_27237396","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47496484,"asset_id":27237396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78007,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Stewart","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"PeterStewart","display_name":"Peter Stewart","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/PeterStewart?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78007/21653/25080877/s65_peter.stewart.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":12797,"name":"Classical Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":74303,"name":"Nudity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nudity?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":125431,"name":"Byzantine art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":188074,"name":"Greek Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":499028,"name":"Nudity in classical art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nudity_in_classical_art?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32319067" data-work_id="32319067" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32319067/Ahnenbild_und_Totenmaske_Die_imagines_maiorum_und_die_Erforschung_des_r%C3%B6mischen_Portr%C3%A4ts_Antike_Welt_2_2017_72_78">Ahnenbild und Totenmaske. Die imagines maiorum und die Erforschung des römischen Porträts, Antike Welt 2/2017, 72-78.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32319067" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a10f02e64136695e218d0f0438d3222" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53475257,"asset_id":32319067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53475257/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1581436" href="https://uni-mainz.academia.edu/ManuelFlecker">Manuel Flecker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1581436" type="text/json">{"id":1581436,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Flecker","domain_name":"uni-mainz","page_name":"ManuelFlecker","display_name":"Manuel Flecker","profile_url":"https://uni-mainz.academia.edu/ManuelFlecker?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1581436/554687/30856127/s65_manuel.flecker.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32319067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32319067"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32319067, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32319067", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32319067]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32319067").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32319067").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32319067"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124427" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Art-_Plaster_Casts">Greek and Roman Art- Plaster Casts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124427" type="text/json">{"id":124427,"name":"Greek and Roman Art- Plaster Casts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Art-_Plaster_Casts?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="127837" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Portraiture">Greek and Roman Portraiture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="127837" type="text/json">{"id":127837,"name":"Greek and Roman Portraiture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Portraiture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="515381" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Portraiture">Roman Portraiture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="515381" type="text/json">{"id":515381,"name":"Roman Portraiture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Portraiture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32319067]'), work: {"id":32319067,"title":"Ahnenbild und Totenmaske. Die imagines maiorum und die Erforschung des römischen Porträts, Antike Welt 2/2017, 72-78.","created_at":"2017-04-07T08:10:56.913-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32319067/Ahnenbild_und_Totenmaske_Die_imagines_maiorum_und_die_Erforschung_des_r%C3%B6mischen_Portr%C3%A4ts_Antike_Welt_2_2017_72_78?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_32319067","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53475257,"asset_id":32319067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1581436,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Flecker","domain_name":"uni-mainz","page_name":"ManuelFlecker","display_name":"Manuel Flecker","profile_url":"https://uni-mainz.academia.edu/ManuelFlecker?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1581436/554687/30856127/s65_manuel.flecker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":124427,"name":"Greek and Roman Art- Plaster Casts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Art-_Plaster_Casts?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":127837,"name":"Greek and Roman Portraiture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Portraiture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":515381,"name":"Roman Portraiture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Portraiture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":741284,"name":"Death Masks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_Masks?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34327769" data-work_id="34327769" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34327769/John_Pollini_The_Warren_Cup_Homoerotic_Love_and_Symposial_Rhetoric_in_Silver_in_The_Art_Bulletin_81_1999_21_52_pdf">John Pollini, "The Warren Cup: Homoerotic Love and Symposial Rhetoric in Silver," in The Art Bulletin 81 (1999) 21-52.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Until recently, an exquisite object of art of the early imperial period, known as the “Warren Cup,” with two figural scenes of homosexual love-making has gained very little attention. The scenes have been taken either as political satire... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34327769" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Until recently, an exquisite object of art of the early imperial period, known as the “Warren Cup,” with two figural scenes of homosexual love-making has gained very little attention.  The scenes have been taken either as political satire making sport of certain male youths of the Julio-Claudian family or as representations of activities in a “gay brothel.”  However, based on a new consideration of both internal and external evidence, I conclude that neither of these interpretations is likely. Beside offering a completely new interpretation of the subject matter of the cup, I address another subject that has been neglected in past discussions; namely, the function of the cup and its significance for understanding the nature of its homoerotic subjects.<br /><br />Although such fine silver cups were regularly made in pairs with similar or related scenes, the few past discussions of the Warren Cup have failed to consider the question of its lost mate.  We may arrive at likely possibilities for the presumed lost mate of the Warren Cup by analyzing similar scenes on early imperial Arretine bowls, usually considered the poor man’s version of cups in precious metals.  I consider also the rhetorical and aporetic nature of the Warren Cup’s scenes, as well as the intended audience of the cup.<br /><br />The Warren Cup is of great importance for the information it provides about not only Roman concepts of homosexual love making but also the role of such cups in the intellectual discourse of Roman banqueting.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34327769" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6285d9d8580757fc11d4938e5ed9c21a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54224649,"asset_id":34327769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54224649/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15920045" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnPollini">John Pollini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15920045" type="text/json">{"id":15920045,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Pollini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnPollini","display_name":"John Pollini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnPollini?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15920045/9829682/10954516/s65_john.pollini.jpg_oh_b06f329172dcf07deaeb55f73e806ef6_oe_5652e226___gda___1444277930_fd19b897eb2a3c0d958f3fc02b1807d1"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34327769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34327769"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34327769, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34327769", }); 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The scenes have been taken either as political satire making sport of certain male youths of the Julio-Claudian family or as representations of activities in a “gay brothel.” However, based on a new consideration of both internal and external evidence, I conclude that neither of these interpretations is likely. Beside offering a completely new interpretation of the subject matter of the cup, I address another subject that has been neglected in past discussions; namely, the function of the cup and its significance for understanding the nature of its homoerotic subjects.\n\nAlthough such fine silver cups were regularly made in pairs with similar or related scenes, the few past discussions of the Warren Cup have failed to consider the question of its lost mate. We may arrive at likely possibilities for the presumed lost mate of the Warren Cup by analyzing similar scenes on early imperial Arretine bowls, usually considered the poor man’s version of cups in precious metals. I consider also the rhetorical and aporetic nature of the Warren Cup’s scenes, as well as the intended audience of the cup.\n\nThe Warren Cup is of great importance for the information it provides about not only Roman concepts of homosexual love making but also the role of such cups in the intellectual discourse of Roman banqueting.\n \n ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54224649,"asset_id":34327769,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15920045,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Pollini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnPollini","display_name":"John Pollini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnPollini?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15920045/9829682/10954516/s65_john.pollini.jpg_oh_b06f329172dcf07deaeb55f73e806ef6_oe_5652e226___gda___1444277930_fd19b897eb2a3c0d958f3fc02b1807d1"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11169,"name":"Homosexuality and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homosexuality_and_Literature?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":191968,"name":"Roman Silver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Silver?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":1270348,"name":"Edward Perry Warren","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edward_Perry_Warren?f_ri=119014"},{"id":2772113,"name":"Voyeurism in Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voyeurism_in_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11159781" data-work_id="11159781" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11159781/Hadrians_Succession_and_the_Monuments_of_Trajan">Hadrian's Succession and the Monuments of Trajan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Following on from articles in JRA 6 (1993) and 20 (2007) this paper develops additional arguments in favour of a Hadrianic date for the frieze on Trajan's Column, placing the installation of his tomb at the foot of the Column and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11159781" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Following on from articles in JRA 6 (1993) and 20 (2007) this paper develops additional arguments in favour of a Hadrianic date for the frieze on Trajan's Column, placing the installation of his tomb at the foot of the Column and the building of a temple for him as Divus Nerva Trajan within the context of Hadrian's imperial succession and the latest archaeological discoveries in the area NE of the Column.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11159781" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb35cbd24ddbad4b4be9f57e79325b2e" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":13506,"name":"Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Topography_of_Ancient_Rome_Archaeology_?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11159781]'), work: {"id":11159781,"title":"Hadrian's Succession and the Monuments of Trajan","created_at":"2015-02-28T03:57:59.102-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11159781/Hadrians_Succession_and_the_Monuments_of_Trajan?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_11159781","summary":"Following on from articles in JRA 6 (1993) and 20 (2007) this paper develops additional arguments in favour of a Hadrianic date for the frieze on Trajan's Column, placing the installation of his tomb at the foot of the Column and the building of a temple for him as Divus Nerva Trajan within the context of Hadrian's imperial succession and the latest archaeological discoveries in the area NE of the Column. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36803348,"asset_id":11159781,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2853687,"first_name":"Amanda","last_name":"Claridge","domain_name":"royalholloway","page_name":"AmandaClaridge","display_name":"Amanda Claridge","profile_url":"https://royalholloway.academia.edu/AmandaClaridge?f_ri=119014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":13506,"name":"Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Topography_of_Ancient_Rome_Archaeology_?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73230130" data-work_id="73230130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73230130/A_perfect_scenery_for_male_courtesans_Ganymede_in_two_Pompeian_wall_paintings">A perfect scenery for male courtesans? Ganymede in two Pompeian wall paintings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73230130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="46f7aaebda025e78f142abfd9bca665f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81831894,"asset_id":73230130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81831894/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12225259" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/VilleHakanen">Ville Hakanen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12225259" type="text/json">{"id":12225259,"first_name":"Ville","last_name":"Hakanen","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"VilleHakanen","display_name":"Ville Hakanen","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/VilleHakanen?f_ri=119014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73230130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73230130"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73230130, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73230130", }); 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Una particolare attenzione è riservata alle testimonianze coroplastiche, musive, scultoree ed architettoniche tra le quali risalta la ricca serie di elementi legati alla monumentalizzazione funeraria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42879189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f5e71011abad5586c8ce03e2c2ca204" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63121528,"asset_id":42879189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63121528/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26136508" href="https://ferrara.academia.edu/JacopoOrtalli">Jacopo Ortalli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26136508" type="text/json">{"id":26136508,"first_name":"Jacopo","last_name":"Ortalli","domain_name":"ferrara","page_name":"JacopoOrtalli","display_name":"Jacopo Ortalli","profile_url":"https://ferrara.academia.edu/JacopoOrtalli?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26136508/10005134/11159026/s65_jacopo.ortalli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42879189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42879189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42879189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42879189", }); 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Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Greek_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33911504" data-work_id="33911504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33911504/Amelung_and_Lippold_Die_Sculpturen_des_Vaticanischen_Museums_1908_220_24">Amelung & Lippold _Die Sculpturen des Vaticanischen Museums_ (1908), 220-24.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Walther Amelung & Georg Lippold, Die Sculpturen des Vaticanischen Museums (1908), 220-24. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z7-fAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA435&lpg=PA435&dq=Amelung,+Die+Sculpturen+des+Vaticanischen+Museums,+im" rel="nofollow">https://books.google.com/books?id=z7-fAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA435&lpg=PA435&dq=Amelung,+Die+Sculpturen+des+Vaticanischen+Museums,+im</a>... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33911504" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Walther Amelung & Georg Lippold, Die Sculpturen des Vaticanischen Museums (1908), 220-24. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z7-fAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA435&lpg=PA435&dq=Amelung,+Die+Sculpturen+des+Vaticanischen+Museums,+im" rel="nofollow">https://books.google.com/books?id=z7-fAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA435&lpg=PA435&dq=Amelung,+Die+Sculpturen+des+Vaticanischen+Museums,+im</a> +Auftrage&source=bl&ots=ZBskAi_hcf&sig=lhXZQCvVgANlA7RSNcQ6MVIzgQA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwg6nIi_7NAhUC3GMKHePjARUQ6AEIRTAG#v=onepage&q=Ara% 20Pacis&f=false 81 <br /> <br />This is a revised museum guide to two of the Ara Pacis panels from the North Frieze.  At the very end Amelung and Lippold provide a bibliography of the material as of 1908.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33911504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8095f9d4e2870d106a9c67b307361d9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53882296,"asset_id":33911504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/657633/Los_graneros_romanos_militares_de_Hispania">Los graneros romanos militares de Hispania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Se pretende abordar el estudio de los graneros romanos de ámbito militar en Hispania, mediante un análisis del emplazamiento que ocupaban en el interior de los campamentos legionarios y fuertes y, especialmente, de las técnicas de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_657633" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Se pretende abordar el estudio de los graneros romanos de ámbito militar en Hispania, mediante un análisis del emplazamiento que ocupaban en el interior de los campamentos legionarios y fuertes y, especialmente, de las técnicas de construcción de los edificios. Para ello, resulta necesario presentar la información relativa a los almacenes de grano desde un punto de vista crítico, con el fin de determinar cuáles son los graneros documentados hasta la actualidad en Hispania y señalar qué edificios fueron utilizados simplemente como almacenes. Para ello, se presenta una valoración crítica de la información relativa a los horrea excavados en Hispania para, a continuación, analizar detenidamente los graneros militares de época republicana e imperial documentados hasta la actualidad.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/657633" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b87822038f6e263801d6b8c1c2fb4a5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35958463,"asset_id":657633,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35958463/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="483676" href="https://uam.academia.edu/JavierSalidoDom%C3%ADnguez">Javier Salido Domínguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="483676" type="text/json">{"id":483676,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Salido Domínguez","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"JavierSalidoDomínguez","display_name":"Javier Salido Domínguez","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/JavierSalidoDom%C3%ADnguez?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/483676/163892/101196019/s65_javier.salido_dom_nguez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_657633 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="657633"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 657633, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_657633", }); 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Para ello, resulta necesario presentar la información relativa a los almacenes de grano desde un punto de vista crítico, con el fin de determinar cuáles son los graneros documentados hasta la actualidad en Hispania y señalar qué edificios fueron utilizados simplemente como almacenes. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="393" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology">Classical Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="393" type="text/json">{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6964012]'), work: {"id":6964012,"title":"Apollonia d'Illyrie 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Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Adriatic_Area?f_ri=119014"},{"id":1424914,"name":"Classical Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archeology?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9340216" data-work_id="9340216" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9340216/William_J_Dominik_Review_of_A_Haward_Art_and_the_Romans_London_Bristol_Classical_Press_1999_Scholia_9_2000_147_150">William J. Dominik, Review of A. Haward, Art and the Romans (London: Bristol Classical Press 1999), Scholia 9 (2000) 147-150.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9340216" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adcdad17d544a4f96a58f7cfd6a90a5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36349377,"asset_id":9340216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36349377/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="528852" href="https://ulisboa.academia.edu/WilliamDominik">William J Dominik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="528852" type="text/json">{"id":528852,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Dominik","domain_name":"ulisboa","page_name":"WilliamDominik","display_name":"William J Dominik","profile_url":"https://ulisboa.academia.edu/WilliamDominik?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/528852/187679/8956195/s65_william.dominik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9340216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9340216"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9340216, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9340216", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9340216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9340216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9340216"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9340216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9340216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9340216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9340216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9340216").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9340216").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9340216"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9340216]'), work: {"id":9340216,"title":"William J. 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30087980]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30087980").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30087980").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30087980"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="433740" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_">The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="433740" type="text/json">{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="717881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guerre_Puniche">Guerre Puniche</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="717881" type="text/json">{"id":717881,"name":"Guerre Puniche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guerre_Puniche?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="739476" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paolo_Rumiz">Paolo Rumiz</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="739476" type="text/json">{"id":739476,"name":"Paolo Rumiz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paolo_Rumiz?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30087980]'), work: {"id":30087980,"title":"Paolo Rumiz: un corresponsal de guerra tras los pasos de Anibal","created_at":"2016-11-25T08:51:51.221-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30087980/Paolo_Rumiz_un_corresponsal_de_guerra_tras_los_pasos_de_Anibal?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_30087980","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50540380,"asset_id":30087980,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3256204,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Gurgone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FedericoGurgone","display_name":"Federico Gurgone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FedericoGurgone?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3256204/2849480/3327303/s65_federico.gurgone.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":717881,"name":"Guerre Puniche","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guerre_Puniche?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":739476,"name":"Paolo Rumiz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paolo_Rumiz?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7649428" data-work_id="7649428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7649428/BBC_TV_How_Art_Made_The_World_Episode_Three_The_Art_of_Persuasion">BBC TV. How Art Made The World. Episode Three: The Art of Persuasion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The visual devices used by Tony Blair and George Bush to get themselves elected and maintain power, come not from modern times, but a world that is thousands of years old. How Art Made the World ventures back to the creation of Stonehenge... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7649428" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The visual devices used by Tony Blair and George Bush to get themselves elected and maintain power, come not from modern times, but a world that is thousands of years old. How Art Made the World ventures back to the creation of Stonehenge and the reign of Alexander the Great to reveal how imagery became an indispensable weapon in every leader's political armoury. <br /> <br />This episode explores how art can be used as a persuasion device by those in power and when did we learn to use images, to create a powerful icon or symbol, this way? <br /> <br />The use of art as a tool for those in power, started at different times, in different cultures. Near Stonehenge the grave of the Amesbury Archer was discovered in 2002, the grave was different to those previously found near the site, as this one was not Roman, but much earlier, dating to when the first sarsen stones were erected. What made him interesting were his gold hair tresses, possibly the oldest dated gold objects in Britain, and the fact that he was a foreigner, from the region that is now Germany / Switzerland. The archer had completed an epic journey for the time, and the treasures in his grave show a man of status. Art for personal adornment, like these hair clasps, elevated him above his peers. <br /> <br />As time progressed, art became a political tool, kings competed for more dazzling adornments. As kingdoms got bigger the kings had to overcome communication issues. Darius the Great of Persia, ruled over 20 nations from Persepolis. As very few people could read, Darius had stone reliefs created that combined styles from all over the empire, the carvings showed each nation bring tributes to their king. This showed respect, and the carvings communicated that Darius admired and respected his people. Darius created a symbol for himself, that of the archer, symbolic to Persians of leadership and wisdom, central to the concept of kingship. Darius embossed this symbol on gold coins, which became the currency to trade within the empire. <br /> <br />Darius’ conqueror, Alexander the Great, took this concept further. From an early age, Alexander’s image was being made for him. In his fathers tomb, an Ivory head recognisable as Alexander’s was found, showing that his image had been made for him in advance of him becoming king. In Pompeii, a copy of an original Macedonian painting, shows Alexander the Great, fearless, fixated on his enemy and leading from the front. He is in the midst of battle with king Darius, shown fearful and panicking. Where Darius had used a symbol to communicate his power, Alexander used his face. On defeating the Persians, Alexander melted down all their coins replacing them with coins bearing his head. Tests have shown that people are more influenced by the image of the head and this technique has endured 2500 years and still used today. <br /> <br />This artistic power can be used for sinister purposes, to persuade us to see things a certain way or even deceive us. The earliest known use of this dates back to the Romans. In 40BC Rome was in crisis, the city state was split between royalists and republicans. You could tell people’s political allegiance by how they dressed. Octavian (Augustus) understood the power of art and used it to his advantage. He needed to persuade his opponents ,and used artists to create a less threatening image, one that won over the republicans. Although the image showed him as a powerful general, it didn’t show any military arms, and his gestures were more about humility than power. His armour breast plates show him accepting surrender of the Parthian Empire, with the gods looking on approvingly. The statue offered reassurance, but it was all a lie. While he portrayed himself as a peace maker, he was getting rid of the opposition; while he was preaching humility, he lived like corrupt royalty and while pretending to hand power to the people he reinstated himself as a king. <br /> <br />The leaders of past used paint and marble, today we use digital manipulation. But as humans we still remain vulnerable to the persuasive power of art.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7649428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec7523e99fab91cecc84a5445efeee7f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36900093,"asset_id":7649428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36900093/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6711338" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBarrowclough">David Barrowclough</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6711338" type="text/json">{"id":6711338,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Barrowclough","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"DavidBarrowclough","display_name":"David Barrowclough","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBarrowclough?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6711338/2637252/48103184/s65_david.barrowclough.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7649428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7649428"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7649428, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7649428", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7649428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7649428").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7649428").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7649428"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">88</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7649428]'), work: {"id":7649428,"title":"BBC TV. How Art Made The World. Episode Three: The Art of Persuasion","created_at":"2014-07-13T07:40:11.573-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7649428/BBC_TV_How_Art_Made_The_World_Episode_Three_The_Art_of_Persuasion?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_7649428","summary":"The visual devices used by Tony Blair and George Bush to get themselves elected and maintain power, come not from modern times, but a world that is thousands of years old. How Art Made the World ventures back to the creation of Stonehenge and the reign of Alexander the Great to reveal how imagery became an indispensable weapon in every leader's political armoury.\r\n\r\nThis episode explores how art can be used as a persuasion device by those in power and when did we learn to use images, to create a powerful icon or symbol, this way?\r\n\r\nThe use of art as a tool for those in power, started at different times, in different cultures. Near Stonehenge the grave of the Amesbury Archer was discovered in 2002, the grave was different to those previously found near the site, as this one was not Roman, but much earlier, dating to when the first sarsen stones were erected. What made him interesting were his gold hair tresses, possibly the oldest dated gold objects in Britain, and the fact that he was a foreigner, from the region that is now Germany / Switzerland. The archer had completed an epic journey for the time, and the treasures in his grave show a man of status. Art for personal adornment, like these hair clasps, elevated him above his peers.\r\n\r\nAs time progressed, art became a political tool, kings competed for more dazzling adornments. As kingdoms got bigger the kings had to overcome communication issues. Darius the Great of Persia, ruled over 20 nations from Persepolis. As very few people could read, Darius had stone reliefs created that combined styles from all over the empire, the carvings showed each nation bring tributes to their king. This showed respect, and the carvings communicated that Darius admired and respected his people. Darius created a symbol for himself, that of the archer, symbolic to Persians of leadership and wisdom, central to the concept of kingship. Darius embossed this symbol on gold coins, which became the currency to trade within the empire.\r\n\r\nDarius’ conqueror, Alexander the Great, took this concept further. From an early age, Alexander’s image was being made for him. In his fathers tomb, an Ivory head recognisable as Alexander’s was found, showing that his image had been made for him in advance of him becoming king. In Pompeii, a copy of an original Macedonian painting, shows Alexander the Great, fearless, fixated on his enemy and leading from the front. He is in the midst of battle with king Darius, shown fearful and panicking. Where Darius had used a symbol to communicate his power, Alexander used his face. On defeating the Persians, Alexander melted down all their coins replacing them with coins bearing his head. Tests have shown that people are more influenced by the image of the head and this technique has endured 2500 years and still used today.\r\n\r\nThis artistic power can be used for sinister purposes, to persuade us to see things a certain way or even deceive us. The earliest known use of this dates back to the Romans. In 40BC Rome was in crisis, the city state was split between royalists and republicans. You could tell people’s political allegiance by how they dressed. Octavian (Augustus) understood the power of art and used it to his advantage. He needed to persuade his opponents ,and used artists to create a less threatening image, one that won over the republicans. Although the image showed him as a powerful general, it didn’t show any military arms, and his gestures were more about humility than power. His armour breast plates show him accepting surrender of the Parthian Empire, with the gods looking on approvingly. The statue offered reassurance, but it was all a lie. While he portrayed himself as a peace maker, he was getting rid of the opposition; while he was preaching humility, he lived like corrupt royalty and while pretending to hand power to the people he reinstated himself as a king.\r\n\r\nThe leaders of past used paint and marble, today we use digital manipulation. But as humans we still remain vulnerable to the persuasive power of art.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36900093,"asset_id":7649428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6711338,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Barrowclough","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"DavidBarrowclough","display_name":"David Barrowclough","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBarrowclough?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6711338/2637252/48103184/s65_david.barrowclough.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural 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Vous trouverez ci joint le programme de ces 30e rencontre et dans une autre rubrique la fiche d'inscription... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30224393" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">le 30e colloque de l'AFPMA aura lieu les vendredi 24 et samedi 25 novembre 2017 au musée départemental Arles antique à Arles. <br /><br />Vous trouverez ci joint le programme de ces 30e rencontre et dans une autre rubrique la fiche d'inscription auditeur à retourner avant le 31 octobre.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30224393" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2352290]'), work: {"id":2352290,"title":"Introduction: Ateliers and Artisans in Roman Art and Archaeology","created_at":"2013-01-02T15:50:45.186-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2352290/Introduction_Ateliers_and_Artisans_in_Roman_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_2352290","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30877405,"asset_id":2352290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":180685,"first_name":"Troels Myrup","last_name":"Kristensen","domain_name":"au","page_name":"TroelsMyrupKristensen","display_name":"Troels Myrup Kristensen","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/TroelsMyrupKristensen?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180685/44653/100142707/s65_troels_myrup.kristensen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":12797,"name":"Classical Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1340377" data-work_id="1340377" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1340377/LIseo_e_Serapeo_di_Verona">L'Iseo e Serapeo di Verona</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1340377" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ad8613f17cd18581ad2a7bf2b116ba9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":8323834,"asset_id":1340377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/8323834/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down 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data-has-card-for-ri="5327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion">Roman Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5327" type="text/json">{"id":5327,"name":"Roman Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="634974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology">Roman Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="634974" type="text/json">{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1340377]'), work: {"id":1340377,"title":"L'Iseo e Serapeo di Verona","created_at":"2012-02-04T19:05:26.935-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1340377/LIseo_e_Serapeo_di_Verona?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_1340377","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":8323834,"asset_id":1340377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":322374,"first_name":"Margherita","last_name":"Bolla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MargheritaBolla","display_name":"Margherita Bolla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MargheritaBolla?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/322374/2834505/3308938/s65_margherita.bolla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5327,"name":"Roman Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73612010" data-work_id="73612010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73612010/Interdisciplinary_Studies_on_Ancient_Stone_Proceedings_of_the_IX_ASMOSIA_Conference_Tarragona_2009_">Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone. Proceedings of the IX ASMOSIA Conference (Tarragona 2009)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">&quot;This book includes 88 contributions (oral and posters) that were presented during the IX International Conference of the Association for the Study of Marbles and Other Stones in Antiquity (ASMOSIA), held in Tarragona between 8 and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73612010" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">&quot;This book includes 88 contributions (oral and posters) that were presented during the IX International Conference of the Association for the Study of Marbles and Other Stones in Antiquity (ASMOSIA), held in Tarragona between 8 and June 13 2009. These papers reflect the outcome of this meeting, which aimed to provide the scientific community interested in ancient stone a forum to discuss and exchange new data and results about all related aspects (geological and analytical archaeological, artistic and historical). Following the premises of ASMOSIA, special attention is paid to a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration between researchers and practitioners from different disciplines as an essential tool to advance the identification, use, sale and use of materials tablet in ancient times. The volume is divided into 8 chapters which are derived from sessions which organized the conference: 1. Applications to specific archaeological questions. Use of Marble 2. Provenances identification and I. Marbles 3. Provenances identification and II. Other stones 4. Transport and trade of stone 5. Quarries 6. Quarrying techniques, organization and stone manufacturing 7. Pigments of paintings and marble 8. Symbolism of stones. Local and imported materials&quot;</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73612010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="202770970" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PilarLapuente">Pilar Lapuente</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="202770970" type="text/json">{"id":202770970,"first_name":"Pilar","last_name":"Lapuente","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PilarLapuente","display_name":"Pilar Lapuente","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PilarLapuente?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/202770970/63845392/52157884/s65_pilar.lapuente.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73612010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73612010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73612010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73612010", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73612010]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73612010").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73612010").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73612010"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="393" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology">Classical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="393" type="text/json">{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry">Archaeometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12807" type="text/json">{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33978" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Marble_trade_and_distribution">Roman Marble trade and distribution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33978" type="text/json">{"id":33978,"name":"Roman Marble trade and distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Marble_trade_and_distribution?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43182" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarrying">Ancient Quarrying</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43182" type="text/json">{"id":43182,"name":"Ancient Quarrying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarrying?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73612010]'), work: {"id":73612010,"title":"Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone. Proceedings of the IX ASMOSIA Conference (Tarragona 2009)","created_at":"2022-03-12T09:31:37.637-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73612010/Interdisciplinary_Studies_on_Ancient_Stone_Proceedings_of_the_IX_ASMOSIA_Conference_Tarragona_2009_?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_73612010","summary":"\u0026quot;This book includes 88 contributions (oral and posters) that were presented during the IX International Conference of the Association for the Study of Marbles and Other Stones in Antiquity (ASMOSIA), held in Tarragona between 8 and June 13 2009. These papers reflect the outcome of this meeting, which aimed to provide the scientific community interested in ancient stone a forum to discuss and exchange new data and results about all related aspects (geological and analytical archaeological, artistic and historical). Following the premises of ASMOSIA, special attention is paid to a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration between researchers and practitioners from different disciplines as an essential tool to advance the identification, use, sale and use of materials tablet in ancient times. The volume is divided into 8 chapters which are derived from sessions which organized the conference: 1. Applications to specific archaeological questions. Use of Marble 2. Provenances identification and I. Marbles 3. Provenances identification and II. Other stones 4. Transport and trade of stone 5. Quarries 6. Quarrying techniques, organization and stone manufacturing 7. Pigments of paintings and marble 8. Symbolism of stones. Local and imported materials\u0026quot;","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":202770970,"first_name":"Pilar","last_name":"Lapuente","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PilarLapuente","display_name":"Pilar Lapuente","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PilarLapuente?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/202770970/63845392/52157884/s65_pilar.lapuente.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":33978,"name":"Roman Marble trade and distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Marble_trade_and_distribution?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":43182,"name":"Ancient Quarrying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarrying?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":111312,"name":"Ancient Quarries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarries?f_ri=119014"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":164414,"name":"Roman Marble Quarries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Marble_Quarries?f_ri=119014"},{"id":167466,"name":"Marmora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marmora?f_ri=119014"},{"id":325572,"name":"Ancient Marbles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Marbles?f_ri=119014"},{"id":455925,"name":"Ancient Roman Marbles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Marbles?f_ri=119014"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":643552,"name":"Ancient Pigments on Stone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Pigments_on_Stone?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20145504" data-work_id="20145504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20145504/A_Temples_Golden_Anniversary">A Temple's Golden Anniversary</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An article focusing on the sources of Avi-Yonah's temple model, now at the Israel Museum.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20145504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a7e996399f7609d5db08c547d99866f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41033530,"asset_id":20145504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41033530/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="316198" href="https://yeshiva.academia.edu/StevenFine">Steven Fine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="316198" type="text/json">{"id":316198,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Fine","domain_name":"yeshiva","page_name":"StevenFine","display_name":"Steven Fine","profile_url":"https://yeshiva.academia.edu/StevenFine?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/316198/63390/799997/s65_steven.fine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20145504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20145504"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20145504, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20145504", }); 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Carinthia I 163 (1973), 37-70.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24010575" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f24df7288d094011003570004b08334" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46642663,"asset_id":24010575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46642663/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46068020" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GernotPiccottini">Gernot Piccottini (1941-2018)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46068020" type="text/json">{"id":46068020,"first_name":"Gernot","last_name":"Piccottini (1941-2018)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GernotPiccottini","display_name":"Gernot Piccottini (1941-2018)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GernotPiccottini?f_ri=119014","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24010575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24010575"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24010575, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24010575", }); 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Dominik, Review of N. H. Ramage and A. Ramage, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Roman Art (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991), Scholia 1 (1992) 125–126.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9341912" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eaf44f48dd8945c57033bc9d996941db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36351201,"asset_id":9341912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36351201/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="528852" href="https://ulisboa.academia.edu/WilliamDominik">William J Dominik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="528852" type="text/json">{"id":528852,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Dominik","domain_name":"ulisboa","page_name":"WilliamDominik","display_name":"William J Dominik","profile_url":"https://ulisboa.academia.edu/WilliamDominik?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/528852/187679/8956195/s65_william.dominik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9341912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9341912"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9341912, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9341912", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9341912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9341912; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9341912"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9341912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9341912"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9341912; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9341912]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9341912").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9341912").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9341912"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9341912]'), work: {"id":9341912,"title":"William J. 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O objetivo central da discussão proposta é,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5615110" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A presente comunicação visa uma discussão teórica sobre as relações de poderes nos estudos clássicos na primeira metade do século XX, tomando como estudo de caso as escavações em Pompeia. O objetivo central da discussão proposta é, partindo de uma perspectiva pós-colonial, pensar como os discursos  arqueológicos sobre Pompeia foram importantes no processo de construção do nacionalismo italiano, em especial durante o período fascista. Buscando uma perspectiva crítica, as autoras visam discutir identidade, gênero e poder nos discursos  arqueológicos e, consequentemente, os usos da cultura material romana na contemporaneidade.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5615110" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8803ea51b7cfbfda444b0d51531d70d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32688507,"asset_id":5615110,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32688507/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="798763" href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/P%C3%A9rolaDePaulaSanfelice">Pérola De Paula Sanfelice</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="798763" type="text/json">{"id":798763,"first_name":"Pérola","last_name":"De Paula Sanfelice","domain_name":"ufpr","page_name":"PérolaDePaulaSanfelice","display_name":"Pérola De Paula Sanfelice","profile_url":"https://ufpr.academia.edu/P%C3%A9rolaDePaulaSanfelice?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/798763/272987/14318244/s65_p_rola.de_paula_sanfelice.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-5615110">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-5615110"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/RenataGarraffoni">Renata S Garraffoni</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-5615110'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-5615110').html(); 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O objetivo central da discussão proposta é, partindo de uma perspectiva pós-colonial, pensar como os discursos arqueológicos sobre Pompeia foram importantes no processo de construção do nacionalismo italiano, em especial durante o período fascista. Buscando uma perspectiva crítica, as autoras visam discutir identidade, gênero e poder nos discursos arqueológicos e, consequentemente, os usos da cultura material romana na contemporaneidade. 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Beis Hamikdash to Life Arch of Titus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A presentation of Titus and our exhibition in Ami Magazine, a weekly that serves the right-of-center Orthodox community.  The author, Yossi Krausz, was both inquisitive and prepared— a pleasure to work with!</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35584847" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8849e2ae6478f61d76b39d3df0746064" rel="nofollow" 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High-Tech Investigation of a Monument Brings Keilim of the Beis Hamikdash to Life Arch of Titus","created_at":"2018-01-05T01:33:45.374-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35584847/A_High_Tech_Investigation_of_a_Monument_Brings_Keilim_of_the_Beis_Hamikdash_to_Life_Arch_of_Titus?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_35584847","summary":"A presentation of Titus and our exhibition in Ami Magazine, a weekly that serves the right-of-center Orthodox community. 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Parmi eux, on retiendra un ensemble à panneaux... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37701248" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La fouille d’un habitat antique, dans un secteur de la cité de Durocortorum / Reims connu pour avoir livré de grandes domus, a mis au jour plusieurs décors malheureusement très fragmentaires. Parmi eux, on retiendra un ensemble à panneaux sous pseudo-édicules au-dessus desquels évoluent des Amours tandis que les candélabres des inter-panneaux sont couronnés de riches figures sommitales dont l’identification demeure difficile. Un autre groupe permet de reconnaître une voûte d’arêtes dont la surface peignée révèle une mode caractéristique de la toute fin du IIe ou du IIIe s. p.C. D’autres indices témoignent encore de la présence de plusieurs décors à scènes figurées de grande taille ou au contraire d’ensembles à l’ornementation particulièrement sommaire, à fond blanc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37701248" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce15b75ccaf8dbda31816ed1d4f9cb1d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65078155,"asset_id":37701248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65078155/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5216680" href="https://inrap.academia.edu/BoisleveJulienPeintureRomaineToichographologie">Julien Boislève</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5216680" type="text/json">{"id":5216680,"first_name":"Julien","last_name":"Boislève","domain_name":"inrap","page_name":"BoisleveJulienPeintureRomaineToichographologie","display_name":"Julien Boislève","profile_url":"https://inrap.academia.edu/BoisleveJulienPeintureRomaineToichographologie?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5216680/2297972/3593712/s65_julien.boisl_ve.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37701248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37701248"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37701248, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37701248", }); 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Parmi eux, on retiendra un ensemble à panneaux sous pseudo-édicules au-dessus desquels évoluent des Amours tandis que les candélabres des inter-panneaux sont couronnés de riches figures sommitales dont l’identification demeure difficile. Un autre groupe permet de reconnaître une voûte d’arêtes dont la surface peignée révèle une mode caractéristique de la toute fin du IIe ou du IIIe s. p.C. D’autres indices témoignent encore de la présence de plusieurs décors à scènes figurées de grande taille ou au contraire d’ensembles à l’ornementation particulièrement sommaire, à fond blanc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65078155,"asset_id":37701248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5216680,"first_name":"Julien","last_name":"Boislève","domain_name":"inrap","page_name":"BoisleveJulienPeintureRomaineToichographologie","display_name":"Julien Boislève","profile_url":"https://inrap.academia.edu/BoisleveJulienPeintureRomaineToichographologie?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5216680/2297972/3593712/s65_julien.boisl_ve.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":32626,"name":"Graeco-Roman Mosaics and Wall Paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graeco-Roman_Mosaics_and_Wall_Paintings?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":48073,"name":"Gallo-roman archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallo-roman_archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":103557,"name":"Archéologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arch%C3%A9ologie?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":263852,"name":"Roman Wall Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Wall_Painting?f_ri=119014"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":1024256,"name":"Toichographologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toichographologie?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3511308" data-work_id="3511308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3511308/Aegyptiaca_in_Rome_adventus_and_Romanitas">Aegyptiaca in Rome: adventus and Romanitas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3511308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="517a1ecc08aa81d4fc3a67d4c81c4866" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31621992,"asset_id":3511308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31621992/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4128624" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/PenelopeDavies">Penelope Davies</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4128624" type="text/json">{"id":4128624,"first_name":"Penelope","last_name":"Davies","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"PenelopeDavies","display_name":"Penelope Davies","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/PenelopeDavies?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4128624/1601350/1935278/s65_penelope.davies.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3511308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3511308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3511308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3511308", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3511308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3511308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3511308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3511308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture">Roman Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="99285" type="text/json">{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="634974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology">Roman Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="634974" type="text/json">{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3511308]'), work: {"id":3511308,"title":"Aegyptiaca in Rome: adventus and Romanitas","created_at":"2013-05-11T00:35:40.643-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3511308/Aegyptiaca_in_Rome_adventus_and_Romanitas?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_3511308","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31621992,"asset_id":3511308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4128624,"first_name":"Penelope","last_name":"Davies","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"PenelopeDavies","display_name":"Penelope Davies","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/PenelopeDavies?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4128624/1601350/1935278/s65_penelope.davies.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45390331" data-work_id="45390331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45390331/Images_of_Dionysus_in_Rome_from_the_archaic_to_the_Augustan_period">Images of Dionysus in Rome: from the archaic to the Augustan period</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter examines Italian images of Dionysus with a view to exploring the dynamics of acculturation of a Greek figure. The aim is to show that images provide major evidence not only for studying art history, but also religious and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45390331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter examines Italian images of Dionysus with a view to exploring the dynamics of acculturation of a Greek figure. The aim is to show that images provide major evidence not only for studying art history, but also religious and cultural history; and that far from being representations of cultic ritual, or being mere adaptations of imported iconographic schemes, Roman and Italian images of Dionysus furnish a figurative and reflexive discourse on the very processes of appropriation and domestication. In the case of each representation, the chapter specifies the ways in which Greek forms acquire local inflections, and<br />identify the ways in which these respond and correspond to Roman or Italian rituals as well as to social and political realities. Where possible, the images are put in the context of Roman literary treatments of related phenomena. Two sets of images are subjected to scrutiny: a miscellaneous cluster from the archaic period, and a more homogeneous body of sacro-idyllic landscapes from the Augustan<br />era. The early images are particularly sensitive to cultural analysis. The Augustan images show landscape being marked as ritual space through Dionysian and other motifs; and the taming of nature which they evince coheres with the new Augustan view of Dionysus, which is a response to Mark Antony’s cultivation of an exuberant Dionysian persona. The main pieces of evidence on which this chapter draws are: a set of fragments of statuary believed to come from the sixthcentury<br />sanctuary of Sant’Omobono in the Forum Boarium; some descriptions of<br />the decorative programme of the late-fifth-century temple of Ceres, Liber and Libera; an image of Liber on an inscribed third-century Praenestine cista (CIL I2, 563. Berlin, Charlottenburg, inv. Misc. 6239); Liber on the fourth-century Cista Ficoroni; a Dionysian fresco from Lanuvium; and frescoes and stucco panels from the Villa della Farnesina, all dating to the early Augustan period.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45390331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7c13e91da756f8c190d29b95c98cf12" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65913469,"asset_id":45390331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65913469/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="355651" href="https://univ-paris-diderot.academia.edu/StephanieWyler">Stephanie Wyler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="355651" type="text/json">{"id":355651,"first_name":"Stephanie","last_name":"Wyler","domain_name":"univ-paris-diderot","page_name":"StephanieWyler","display_name":"Stephanie Wyler","profile_url":"https://univ-paris-diderot.academia.edu/StephanieWyler?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355651/94969/107100/s65_stephanie.wyler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45390331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45390331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45390331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45390331", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45390331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45390331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45390331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45390331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2059" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion">History of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2059" type="text/json">{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52322" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dionysus">Dionysus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52322" type="text/json">{"id":52322,"name":"Dionysus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dionysus?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45390331]'), work: {"id":45390331,"title":"Images of Dionysus in Rome: from the archaic to the Augustan period","created_at":"2021-03-06T03:36:16.455-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45390331/Images_of_Dionysus_in_Rome_from_the_archaic_to_the_Augustan_period?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_45390331","summary":"This chapter examines Italian images of Dionysus with a view to exploring the dynamics of acculturation of a Greek figure. The aim is to show that images provide major evidence not only for studying art history, but also religious and cultural history; and that far from being representations of cultic ritual, or being mere adaptations of imported iconographic schemes, Roman and Italian images of Dionysus furnish a figurative and reflexive discourse on the very processes of appropriation and domestication. In the case of each representation, the chapter specifies the ways in which Greek forms acquire local inflections, and\nidentify the ways in which these respond and correspond to Roman or Italian rituals as well as to social and political realities. Where possible, the images are put in the context of Roman literary treatments of related phenomena. Two sets of images are subjected to scrutiny: a miscellaneous cluster from the archaic period, and a more homogeneous body of sacro-idyllic landscapes from the Augustan\nera. The early images are particularly sensitive to cultural analysis. The Augustan images show landscape being marked as ritual space through Dionysian and other motifs; and the taming of nature which they evince coheres with the new Augustan view of Dionysus, which is a response to Mark Antony’s cultivation of an exuberant Dionysian persona. The main pieces of evidence on which this chapter draws are: a set of fragments of statuary believed to come from the sixthcentury\nsanctuary of Sant’Omobono in the Forum Boarium; some descriptions of\nthe decorative programme of the late-fifth-century temple of Ceres, Liber and Libera; an image of Liber on an inscribed third-century Praenestine cista (CIL I2, 563. Berlin, Charlottenburg, inv. Misc. 6239); Liber on the fourth-century Cista Ficoroni; a Dionysian fresco from Lanuvium; and frescoes and stucco panels from the Villa della Farnesina, all dating to the early Augustan period.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65913469,"asset_id":45390331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":355651,"first_name":"Stephanie","last_name":"Wyler","domain_name":"univ-paris-diderot","page_name":"StephanieWyler","display_name":"Stephanie Wyler","profile_url":"https://univ-paris-diderot.academia.edu/StephanieWyler?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/355651/94969/107100/s65_stephanie.wyler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":52322,"name":"Dionysus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dionysus?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":382661,"name":"Liber Pater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liber_Pater?f_ri=119014"},{"id":392088,"name":"Augustan Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Augustan_Art?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44412088" data-work_id="44412088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44412088/ZUR_MOTIVGESCHICHTE_EINES_SARKOPHAGES_MIT_L%C3%84NDLICHEM_MAHL">ZUR MOTIVGESCHICHTE EINES SARKOPHAGES MIT LÄNDLICHEM MAHL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44412088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa22f1d06d0babd4511c2e696d1ef4cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64823492,"asset_id":44412088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64823492/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3586891" href="https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/RitaAmedick">Rita Amedick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3586891" type="text/json">{"id":3586891,"first_name":"Rita","last_name":"Amedick","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"RitaAmedick","display_name":"Rita Amedick","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/RitaAmedick?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3586891/42095653/33890769/s65_rita.amedick.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44412088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44412088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44412088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44412088", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44412088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44412088").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44412088").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44412088"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography">Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="869" type="text/json">{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27745" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Iconography">Roman Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27745" type="text/json">{"id":27745,"name":"Roman Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Iconography?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art">Ancient Greek and Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33438" type="text/json">{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Sculpture">Hellenistic Sculpture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="87650" type="text/json">{"id":87650,"name":"Hellenistic Sculpture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Sculpture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44412088]'), work: {"id":44412088,"title":"ZUR MOTIVGESCHICHTE EINES SARKOPHAGES MIT LÄNDLICHEM MAHL","created_at":"2020-11-01T04:58:23.057-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44412088/ZUR_MOTIVGESCHICHTE_EINES_SARKOPHAGES_MIT_L%C3%84NDLICHEM_MAHL?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_44412088","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64823492,"asset_id":44412088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3586891,"first_name":"Rita","last_name":"Amedick","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"RitaAmedick","display_name":"Rita Amedick","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/RitaAmedick?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3586891/42095653/33890769/s65_rita.amedick.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":27745,"name":"Roman Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Iconography?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":87650,"name":"Hellenistic Sculpture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Sculpture?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":91865,"name":"Iconography and Iconology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":432146,"name":"Bucolics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bucolics?f_ri=119014"},{"id":948697,"name":"Römische Sarkophage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romische_Sarkophage?f_ri=119014"},{"id":3903723,"name":"Bukolik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bukolik?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37575685" data-work_id="37575685" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37575685/John_Pollini_The_Armstrong_and_Nuffler_Heads_and_the_Portraiture_of_Julius_Caesar_Livia_and_Antonia_Minor_in_J_Pollini_ed_Terra_Marique_2005_90_121_pdf">John Pollini, “The Armstrong and Nuffler Heads and the Portraiture of Julius Caesar, Livia, and Antonia Minor,” in J. Pollini (ed.), Terra Marique (2005) 90-121.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In “The Armstrong and Nuffler Heads and the Portraiture of Julius Caesar, Livia, and Antonia Minor,” John Pollini discusses two little known basalt portraits of high quality. The Armstrong Head, representing an older male, may be an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37575685" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In “The Armstrong and Nuffler Heads and the Portraiture of Julius Caesar, Livia, and Antonia Minor,” John Pollini discusses two little known basalt portraits of high quality. The Armstrong Head, representing an older male, may be an uncanonical portrait of Julius Caesar, while the Nuffler Head, representing a younger-looking female, is identifiable as an image of Augustus’ wife Livia. Because neither portrait obviously and unquestionably represents the individuals proposed, this essay also presents a new consideration of the portrait typologies of Caesar and Livia, as well as Antonia Minor, to whom the female head bears some resemblance. The Armstrong Head seems to be a portrait of Caesar that was freely interpreted by a Hellenistic sculptor working in Egypt at the very end of the Republic or in the earlier Augustan period, while the Nuffler Head of Livia was probably created some time after the death of her husband Augustus in A.D. 14. Since various factors indicate that both heads may originally have come from the same context, the Nuffler Head, which appears to have been created at a later date than the other sculpture, may have been added to a portrait group that already included the Armstrong Head. Both images have suffered damage consistent with their having been intentionally defaced, quite possibly by iconoclastic Christians who attacked the images of the polytheistic<br />peoples of the Empire during the Late Antique period. Caesar had been worshiped as a god, so images of him with other members of the Julio-Claudian family, especially if set up in a shrine like the Caesareum/Augusteum at Alexandria, would have been all the more likely targets of assault.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37575685" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65de4b07f4bddfe8dc1ba249727f5c87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57905698,"asset_id":37575685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57905698/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15920045" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnPollini">John Pollini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15920045" type="text/json">{"id":15920045,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Pollini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnPollini","display_name":"John Pollini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnPollini?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15920045/9829682/10954516/s65_john.pollini.jpg_oh_b06f329172dcf07deaeb55f73e806ef6_oe_5652e226___gda___1444277930_fd19b897eb2a3c0d958f3fc02b1807d1"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37575685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37575685"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37575685, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37575685", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37575685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37575685").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37575685").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37575685"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="104311" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Julius_Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="104311" type="text/json">{"id":104311,"name":"Julius Caesar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Julius_Caesar?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106616" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livia">Livia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106616" type="text/json">{"id":106616,"name":"Livia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livia?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="119014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art">Roman Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="119014" type="text/json">{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="214163" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexandria">Alexandria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="214163" type="text/json">{"id":214163,"name":"Alexandria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexandria?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37575685]'), work: {"id":37575685,"title":"John Pollini, “The Armstrong and Nuffler Heads and the Portraiture of Julius Caesar, Livia, and Antonia Minor,” in J. Pollini (ed.), Terra Marique (2005) 90-121.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-12T17:37:26.801-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37575685/John_Pollini_The_Armstrong_and_Nuffler_Heads_and_the_Portraiture_of_Julius_Caesar_Livia_and_Antonia_Minor_in_J_Pollini_ed_Terra_Marique_2005_90_121_pdf?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_37575685","summary":"In “The Armstrong and Nuffler Heads and the Portraiture of Julius Caesar, Livia, and Antonia Minor,” John Pollini discusses two little known basalt portraits of high quality. The Armstrong Head, representing an older male, may be an uncanonical portrait of Julius Caesar, while the Nuffler Head, representing a younger-looking female, is identifiable as an image of Augustus’ wife Livia. Because neither portrait obviously and unquestionably represents the individuals proposed, this essay also presents a new consideration of the portrait typologies of Caesar and Livia, as well as Antonia Minor, to whom the female head bears some resemblance. The Armstrong Head seems to be a portrait of Caesar that was freely interpreted by a Hellenistic sculptor working in Egypt at the very end of the Republic or in the earlier Augustan period, while the Nuffler Head of Livia was probably created some time after the death of her husband Augustus in A.D. 14. Since various factors indicate that both heads may originally have come from the same context, the Nuffler Head, which appears to have been created at a later date than the other sculpture, may have been added to a portrait group that already included the Armstrong Head. Both images have suffered damage consistent with their having been intentionally defaced, quite possibly by iconoclastic Christians who attacked the images of the polytheistic\npeoples of the Empire during the Late Antique period. Caesar had been worshiped as a god, so images of him with other members of the Julio-Claudian family, especially if set up in a shrine like the Caesareum/Augusteum at Alexandria, would have been all the more likely targets of assault.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57905698,"asset_id":37575685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":57554468,"asset_id":37575685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15920045,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Pollini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnPollini","display_name":"John Pollini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnPollini?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15920045/9829682/10954516/s65_john.pollini.jpg_oh_b06f329172dcf07deaeb55f73e806ef6_oe_5652e226___gda___1444277930_fd19b897eb2a3c0d958f3fc02b1807d1"}],"research_interests":[{"id":104311,"name":"Julius Caesar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Julius_Caesar?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":106616,"name":"Livia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livia?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":214163,"name":"Alexandria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexandria?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":515381,"name":"Roman Portraiture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Portraiture?f_ri=119014"},{"id":520498,"name":"Antonia minor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonia_minor?f_ri=119014"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30552670" data-work_id="30552670" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30552670/The_Monuments_of_Ancient_Rome_1950_DOROTHY_M_ROBATHAN">The Monuments of Ancient Rome (1950) DOROTHY M. ROBATHAN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is a commonplace to point out that Rome's rapid rise to power in the ancient world resulted in great measure from its position in the Italian peninsula. Surrounded by mountains on all sides except on the south the Urbs is situated in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30552670" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is a commonplace to point out that Rome's rapid rise to power in the ancient world resulted in great measure from its position in the Italian peninsula. Surrounded by mountains on all sides except on the south the Urbs is situated in the midst of a plain of volcanic origin, known as the Campagna. The Tiber flows through the city from north to south on its way to Ostia, the ancient seaport, where it empties into the ocean. Although the seven traditional hills upon which the city was built still retain their ancient names and may still be traced, in some cases their elevation is so slight as to be disappointing to those who visit Rome for the first time.<br /><br />What then has caused the changes in ground level which have taken place since the ancient period? It seems clear that many of the elaborate buildings of the Empire were superimposed upon the foundations of earlier structures which had not been completely demolished. Then too, as parts of ancient Rome fell into ruin during the Middle Ages, the débris was not cleared away, but structures of the Renaissance period were build upon the accumulated rubbish. Views of the Roman Forum dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries show the columns of the ancient temples buried deep in the earth, a clear indication of the extent to which the ground level had risen.<br /><br />In seeking to ferret out the secrets buried beneath the . .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30552670" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3d50e4021c828039a7dd94f8c219a9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50995495,"asset_id":30552670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50995495/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4316814" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LERMAdiBRETSCHNEIDER">L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER, Publisher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4316814" type="text/json">{"id":4316814,"first_name":"L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER,","last_name":"Publisher","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LERMAdiBRETSCHNEIDER","display_name":"L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER, Publisher","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LERMAdiBRETSCHNEIDER?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4316814/1728347/15923094/s65_l_erma_di_bretschneider.publishers.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30552670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30552670"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30552670, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30552670", }); 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ROBATHAN","created_at":"2016-12-21T01:48:15.521-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30552670/The_Monuments_of_Ancient_Rome_1950_DOROTHY_M_ROBATHAN?f_ri=119014","dom_id":"work_30552670","summary":"It is a commonplace to point out that Rome's rapid rise to power in the ancient world resulted in great measure from its position in the Italian peninsula. Surrounded by mountains on all sides except on the south the Urbs is situated in the midst of a plain of volcanic origin, known as the Campagna. The Tiber flows through the city from north to south on its way to Ostia, the ancient seaport, where it empties into the ocean. Although the seven traditional hills upon which the city was built still retain their ancient names and may still be traced, in some cases their elevation is so slight as to be disappointing to those who visit Rome for the first time.\n\nWhat then has caused the changes in ground level which have taken place since the ancient period? It seems clear that many of the elaborate buildings of the Empire were superimposed upon the foundations of earlier structures which had not been completely demolished. Then too, as parts of ancient Rome fell into ruin during the Middle Ages, the débris was not cleared away, but structures of the Renaissance period were build upon the accumulated rubbish. Views of the Roman Forum dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries show the columns of the ancient temples buried deep in the earth, a clear indication of the extent to which the ground level had risen.\n\nIn seeking to ferret out the secrets buried beneath the . .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50995495,"asset_id":30552670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4316814,"first_name":"L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER,","last_name":"Publisher","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LERMAdiBRETSCHNEIDER","display_name":"L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER, Publisher","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LERMAdiBRETSCHNEIDER?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4316814/1728347/15923094/s65_l_erma_di_bretschneider.publishers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=119014","nofollow":false},{"id":13506,"name":"Topography of Ancient Rome (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Topography_of_Ancient_Rome_Archaeology_?f_ri=119014"},{"id":13966,"name":"History of Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":18121,"name":"Imperial Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_Rome?f_ri=119014"},{"id":21653,"name":"Republican Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republican_Rome?f_ri=119014"},{"id":33438,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=119014"},{"id":88760,"name":"Classics: Ancient History and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics_Ancient_History_and_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=119014"},{"id":119014,"name":"Roman Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Art?f_ri=119014"},{"id":439211,"name":"Sanctuaries in Ancient Rome and Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanctuaries_in_Ancient_Rome_and_Italy?f_ri=119014"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=119014"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14073211" data-work_id="14073211" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14073211/La_scultura_funeraria_e_architettonica_in_F_Bisconti_M_Braconi_ed_Le_catacombe_di_San_Callisto_Storia_contesti_scavi_restauri_scoperte_A_proposito_del_cubicolo_di_Orfeo_e_del_Museo_della_Torretta_Todi_2015_pp_171_184">La scultura funeraria e architettonica, in F. Bisconti, M. Braconi (ed.), Le catacombe di San Callisto. Storia, contesti, scavi, restauri, scoperte. A proposito del cubicolo di Orfeo e del Museo della Torretta, Todi 2015, pp. 171-184.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14073211" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3b848aca761eadab089026b70186d06c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56273429,"asset_id":14073211,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56273429/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MzIzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="843744" href="https://catacombeditalia.academia.edu/DimitriCascianelli">Dimitri Cascianelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="843744" type="text/json">{"id":843744,"first_name":"Dimitri","last_name":"Cascianelli","domain_name":"catacombeditalia","page_name":"DimitriCascianelli","display_name":"Dimitri Cascianelli","profile_url":"https://catacombeditalia.academia.edu/DimitriCascianelli?f_ri=119014","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/843744/297871/352486/s65_dimitri.cascianelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14073211 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14073211"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14073211, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14073211", }); 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