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aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions,_divisions_and_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions,_divisions_and_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Regions, divisions and districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions,_divisions_and_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Governance and administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governance and administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_level_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_level_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Primary and secondary level education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_level_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Tertiary education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_protection_and_sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_protection_and_sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Environmental protection and sustainability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_protection_and_sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Attire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Dance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.5 Theatre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.6 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.7 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Maharashtra</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 133 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" > 133 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%83%E1%88%AB%E1%88%BD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB" title="ማሃራሽትራ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማሃራሽትራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مهاراشترا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مهاراشترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharastra" title="Maharastra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Maharastra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%9Ftra" title="Maharaştra – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maharaştra" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مهاراشترا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مهاراشترا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মহারাষ্ট্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহারাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Магараштра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Магараштра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махаращра – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Махаращра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Mah%C4%81r%C4%81shtra" title="State of Mahārāshtra – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="State of Mahārāshtra" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C3%A1r%C3%A1%C5%A1tra" title="Maháráštra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maháráštra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%9D%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7" title="މަހާރާޝްތުރާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަހާރާޝްތުރާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%A1tra" title="Maharaštra – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Maharaštra" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μαχαράστρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαχαράστρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%9Dtro" title="Maharaŝtro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maharaŝtro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مهاراشترا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهاراشترا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="મહારાષ્ટ્ર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મહારાષ્ટ્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%88%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="마하라슈트라주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마하라슈트라주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Մահարաշտրա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մահարաշտրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%A1tra" title="Maharaštra – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Maharaštra" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মহারাষ্ট্র – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মহারাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Махараштрæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Махараштрæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מהאראשטרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהאראשטרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მაჰარაშტრა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰარაშტრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8E%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%B9%D9%9B%D8%B1" title="مَہاراشٹٛر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مَہاراشٹٛر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%9Ftra" title="Maharaştra – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Maharaştra" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharastra" title="Maharastra – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maharastra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C4%81r%C4%81%C5%A1tra" title="Mahārāštra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mahārāštra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%A1tra" title="Maharaštra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maharaštra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C3%A1r%C3%A1stra" title="Mahárástra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mahárástra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="മഹാരാഷ്ട്ര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഹാരാഷ്ട്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მაჰარაშტრა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჰარაშტრა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ماهاراشترا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماهاراشترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مهاراشترا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مهاراشترا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8B%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8C%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မဟာရဋ္ဌပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဟာရဋ္ဌပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="महाराष्ट्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="महाराष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E5%B7%9E" title="マハーラーシュトラ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マハーラーシュトラ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0" title="ମହାରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହାରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਹਾਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਹਾਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="مہاراشٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مہاراشٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مهاراشټرا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مهاراشټرا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharasztra" title="Maharasztra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maharasztra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maarastra" title="Maarastra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maarastra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="महाराष्ट्रराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="महाराष्ट्रराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB" title="මහාරාෂ්ට්‍ර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහාරාෂ්ට්‍ර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%BD%D8%B1" title="مهاراشٽر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مهاراشٽر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C3%A1ra%C5%A1tra" title="Maháraštra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maháraštra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%A1tra" title="Maharaštra – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maharaštra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مەھاراشترا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەھاراشترا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%A1tra" title="Maharaštra – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maharaštra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மகாராட்டிரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மகாராட்டிரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="మహారాష్ట్ర – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మహారాష్ట్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐมหาราษฏระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐมหาราษฏระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Маҳараштра – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Маҳараштра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara%C5%9Ftra" title="Maharaştra – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maharaştra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махараштра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Махараштра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مہاراشٹرا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مہاراشٹرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="马哈拉施特拉邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马哈拉施特拉邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90" title="מאהאראשטרא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאהאראשטרא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="馬哈拉施特拉邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬哈拉施特拉邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="马哈拉施特拉邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马哈拉施特拉邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Maharashtra" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" 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.ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Maharashtra</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State of Maharashtra</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:275px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Ajanta_Caves,_India,_Ajanta_chaitya_(stupa)_worship_hall,_Cave_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ajanta Caves"><img alt="Ajanta Caves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ajanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Ajanta_chaitya_%28stupa%29_worship_hall%2C_Cave_26.jpg/137px-Ajanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Ajanta_chaitya_%28stupa%29_worship_hall%2C_Cave_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ajanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Ajanta_chaitya_%28stupa%29_worship_hall%2C_Cave_26.jpg/206px-Ajanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Ajanta_chaitya_%28stupa%29_worship_hall%2C_Cave_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ajanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Ajanta_chaitya_%28stupa%29_worship_hall%2C_Cave_26.jpg/274px-Ajanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Ajanta_chaitya_%28stupa%29_worship_hall%2C_Cave_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellora_Caves,_India,_Religious_shrines_in_Kailash-Kailasa_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ellora Caves"><img alt="Ellora Caves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_shrines_in_Kailash-Kailasa_Temple.jpg/137px-Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_shrines_in_Kailash-Kailasa_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_shrines_in_Kailash-Kailasa_Temple.jpg/206px-Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_shrines_in_Kailash-Kailasa_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_shrines_in_Kailash-Kailasa_Temple.jpg/274px-Ellora_Caves%2C_India%2C_Religious_shrines_in_Kailash-Kailasa_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahabaleshwar_Pratapgad_023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pratapgad fort walls snaking along the edge of the hill"><img alt="Pratapgad fort walls snaking along the edge of the hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mahabaleshwar_Pratapgad_023.jpg/137px-Mahabaleshwar_Pratapgad_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mahabaleshwar_Pratapgad_023.jpg/206px-Mahabaleshwar_Pratapgad_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mahabaleshwar_Pratapgad_023.jpg/274px-Mahabaleshwar_Pratapgad_023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Shivaji_Maharaj_Raigad2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This statue of Chatrapati is just outside the main entrance of Raigad fort"><img alt="This statue of Chatrapati is just outside the main entrance of Raigad fort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shivaji_Maharaj_Raigad2.jpg/137px-Shivaji_Maharaj_Raigad2.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shivaji_Maharaj_Raigad2.jpg/206px-Shivaji_Maharaj_Raigad2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shivaji_Maharaj_Raigad2.jpg/274px-Shivaji_Maharaj_Raigad2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3330" data-file-height="2460" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaniwar_wada_(pune).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaniwar wada"><img alt="Shaniwar wada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shaniwar_wada_%28pune%29.jpg/137px-Shaniwar_wada_%28pune%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shaniwar_wada_%28pune%29.jpg/206px-Shaniwar_wada_%28pune%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shaniwar_wada_%28pune%29.jpg/274px-Shaniwar_wada_%28pune%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazur_Sahib,_Nanded,_Maharashtra,_September_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazur Sahib, Nanded"><img alt="Hazur Sahib, Nanded" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg/137px-Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg/206px-Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg/274px-Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Chatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_terminus._Mumbai._Maharashtra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj terminus, Mumbai"><img alt="Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj terminus, Mumbai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Chatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_terminus._Mumbai._Maharashtra.jpg/137px-Chatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_terminus._Mumbai._Maharashtra.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Chatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_terminus._Mumbai._Maharashtra.jpg/206px-Chatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_terminus._Mumbai._Maharashtra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Chatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_terminus._Mumbai._Maharashtra.jpg/274px-Chatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_terminus._Mumbai._Maharashtra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3134" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_of_India_-Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Gateway of India, Mumbai"><img alt="The Gateway of India, Mumbai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gateway_of_India_-Mumbai.jpg/137px-Gateway_of_India_-Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gateway_of_India_-Mumbai.jpg/206px-Gateway_of_India_-Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gateway_of_India_-Mumbai.jpg/274px-Gateway_of_India_-Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">From top, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kailasa_temple,_Ellora" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasa temple, Ellora">Kailasa Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pratapgad" title="Pratapgad">Pratapgad</a> Fort (near <a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar" title="Mahabaleshwar">Mahabaleshwar</a>) located in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, statue of Chatrapati outside <a href="/wiki/Raigad_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Raigad fort">Raigad fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaniwar_Wada" title="Shaniwar Wada">Shaniwar Wada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazur_Sahib_Nanded" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazur Sahib Nanded">Hazur Sahib Nanded</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gateway of India">The Gateway of India</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Maharashtra"><img alt="Official emblem of Maharashtra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/125px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/188px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/250px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Maharashtra" title="Emblem of Maharashtra">Emblem of Maharashtra</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: "mahā" (Great) and Sanskritized form of "Ratta dynasty"</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Gateway of India"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_mottos" title="List of Indian state mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Pratipaccandralēkhēva vardhiṣṇurviśva vanditā Mahārāṣṭrasya rājyasya mudrā bhadrāya rājatē (The glory of Maharashtra will grow like the first day moon. It will be worshipped by the world and will shine only for the well-being of people)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Anthem:</a> <a href="/wiki/Jai_Jai_Maharashtra_Majha" title="Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha">Jai Jai Mahārāṣṭra Mājhā</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> ("Victory to My Maharashtra!")<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-MH.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Maharashtra in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Maharashtra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/IN-MH.svg/300px-IN-MH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/IN-MH.svg/450px-IN-MH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/IN-MH.svg/600px-IN-MH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Maharashtra in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maharashtra&params=18.97_N_72.82_E_region:IN-MH_type:adm1st">18°58′N 72°49′E / 18.97°N 72.82°E / 18.97; 72.82</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West India">West India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before was</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">State of Bombay (1950–1960)</a></td></tr><tr class="[[Bombay State|State of Bombay (1950–1960)]] mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Formation</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">by bifurcation</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1960</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> (winter)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">Largest metro</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">36 (6 divisions)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Maharashtra" title="List of governors of Maharashtra">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C._P._Radhakrishnan" title="C. P. Radhakrishnan">C. P. Radhakrishnan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of chief ministers of Maharashtra">Chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Shinde" title="Eknath Shinde">Eknath Shinde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(2022%E2%80%93Present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (2022–Present)">SHS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra">Deputy chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pawar" title="Ajit Pawar">Ajit Pawar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislature">State Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislature" title="Maharashtra Legislature">Maharashtra Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Maharashtra Legislative Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">78 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra Legislative Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">288 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha#Maharashtra" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">19 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Maharashtra" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">48 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">870 km (540 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">605 km (376 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">100 m (300 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Kalsubai" title="Kalsubai">Kalsubai</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,646 m (5,400 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">−1 m (−3 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-GOI_2011-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 112,374,333</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">370/km2 (1,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">45.22%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">54.78%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Maharashtrian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-nclmanurep2010-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Devanagari script</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-EcoSur21-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2024–25)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>42.67 trillion (US$510 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">(1st)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>277,603 (US$3,300) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">12th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-MH</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MH</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.688 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>Medium<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">9th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2017)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 84.8% (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">14th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">966<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio" title="List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio">23rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maharashtra.gov.in">maharashtra.gov.in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Maharashtra</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/80px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/120px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/160px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Maharashtra" title="Emblem of Maharashtra">Emblem of Maharashtra</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jai_Jai_Maharashtra_Majha" title="Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha">Jai Jai Mahārāṣṭra Mājhā</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> ("Victory to My Maharashtra!")<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Foundation day</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Day" title="Maharashtra Day">Maharashtra Day</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yellow-footed_green_pigeon" title="Yellow-footed green pigeon">Yellow-footed green pigeon</a><a href="#cite_note-pannatigerreserve-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Butterfly</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Papilio_polymnestor" title="Papilio polymnestor">Blue Mormon</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fish</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Pomfret" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Pomfret">Silver Pomfret</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lagerstroemia_speciosa" title="Lagerstroemia speciosa">Jarul</a><a href="#cite_note-pannatigerreserve-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_giant_squirrel" title="Indian giant squirrel">Indian giant squirrel</a><a href="#cite_note-pannatigerreserve-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango tree</a><a href="#cite_note-pannatigerreserve-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State highway mark</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:SH_IN-MH.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/SH_IN-MH.png/90px-SH_IN-MH.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/SH_IN-MH.png/135px-SH_IN-MH.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/SH_IN-MH.png/180px-SH_IN-MH.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2048" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State highway of Maharashtra <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Maharashtra" title="List of state highways in Maharashtra">MH SH1-MH SH368</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="#endnote_cap">^</a>The <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">State of Bombay</a> was split into two States i.e. Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Bombay Reorganisation Act 1960<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="#endnote_cap">††</a> Common high court</td></tr></tbody></table> Maharashtra (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: Mahārāṣṭra; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Marathi: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">[məhaːɾaːʂʈɾə]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/94\/Maharashtra.ogg\/Maharashtra.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Maharashtra.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Maharashtra.ogg/Maharashtra.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Maharashtra.ogg" title="File:Maharashtra.ogg">ⓘ</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">western</a> peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>. It is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> to the west, the Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> to the southeast and <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> to the north, and the Indian <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a> to the northwest.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Maharashtra is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">second-most populous state</a> in India. The state is divided into 6 <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of Maharashtra">divisions</a> and 36 <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">districts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, is the capital of Maharashtra due to its historical significance as a major <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading port</a> and its status as India's <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial hub</a>, housing key institutions and a diverse <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">economy</a>. Additionally, its well-developed <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a> diversity make it a suitable administrative center for the state. the <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">most populous urban area</a> in India, and <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> serving as the winter capital.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a> are the state's two major rivers, and forests cover 16.47% of the state's geographical area. The state is home to six <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a> (formerly Victoria Terminus), the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Gothic_and_Art_Deco_Ensembles_of_Mumbai" title="Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai">Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, a heritage site made up of 39 individual properties of which 4 are in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">economy of Maharashtra</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">largest</a> in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>42.5 trillion (US$510 billion) and GSDP per capita of ₹335,247 (US$4,000);<a href="#cite_note-EcoSur21-9">[9]</a> it is the single-largest contributor to <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">India's economy</a>, being accountable for 14% of all-India nominal <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maharashtra_data-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The service sector dominates the state's economy, accounting for 69.3% of the value of the output of the country. Although agriculture accounts for 12% of the state GDP, it employs nearly half the population of the state. Maharashtra is one of the most industrialised states in India. The state's capital, Mumbai, is India's <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial</a> and commercial capital.<a href="#cite_note-Maharashtra_PC-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a>, India's largest stock exchange and the oldest in Asia, is located in the city, as is the <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange</a>, which is the second-largest stock exchange in India and one of world's largest <a href="/wiki/Derivatives_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Derivatives exchange">derivatives exchanges</a>. The state has played a significant role in the country's <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">political life</a> and is widely considered a leader in terms of <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_productivity" title="Agricultural productivity">agricultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_production" title="Industrial production">industrial production</a>, trade and transport, and education.<a href="#cite_note-Maharashtra_info-26">[26]</a> Maharashtra is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">ninth-highest ranking</a> among Indian states in the <a href="/wiki/Human_development_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development index">human development index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The region that encompasses the modern state has a history going back many millennia. Notable dynasties that ruled the region include the <a href="/wiki/Asmaka" title="Asmaka">Asmakas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maurya" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya">Mauryas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahanas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Abhira_dynasty" title="Abhira dynasty">Abhiras</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vakataka_dynasty" title="Vakataka dynasty">Vakatakas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukyas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakutas" title="Rashtrakutas">Rashtrakutas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western Chalukyas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty">Seuna Yadavas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khaljis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaqs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahamanis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a>. In the early nineteenth century, the region was divided between the Dominions of the <a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Maratha Confederacy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nizamate_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizamate of Hyderabad">Nizamate of Hyderabad</a>. After two wars and the proclamation of the Indian Empire, the region became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay Province">Bombay Province</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Berar_Province" title="Berar Province">Berar Province</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Provinces" title="Central Provinces">Central Provinces</a> of India under direct British rule and the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_States_Agency" title="Deccan States Agency">Deccan States Agency</a> under Crown suzerainty. Between 1950 and 1956, the Bombay Province became the Bombay State in the Indian Union, and Berar, the Deccan states and the Gujarat states were merged into the Bombay State. Aspirations of a separate state for Marathi-speaking peoples were pursued by the <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti">United Maharashtra Movement</a>; their advocacy eventually borne fruit on 1 May 1960, when the State of Bombay was bifurcated into the states of Maharasthra and Gujarat. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The modern <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a> evolved from <a href="/wiki/Maharashtri_Prakrit" title="Maharashtri Prakrit">Maharashtri Prakrit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-The_Linguist_List-28">[28]</a> and the word <a href="/wiki/Marhatta_(region)" title="Marhatta (region)">Marhatta</a> (later used for the <a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Marathas</a>) is found in the <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> Maharashtrian literature. The term Maharashtra along with Maharashtrian, Marathi, and Maratha may have derived from the same root. However, their exact etymology is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer1967-29">[29]</a> The most widely accepted theory among the linguistic scholars is that the words Maratha and Maharashtra ultimately derived from a combination of Mahā and Rāṣṭrikā,<a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer1967-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-30">[30]</a> the name of a tribe or dynasty of chiefs ruling in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-KBala1965-31">[31]</a> An alternate theory states that the term is derived from mahā ("great") and <a href="/wiki/Ratha" title="Ratha">ratha</a>/rathi ("<a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a>"/"charioteer"), which refers to a skilful northern fighting force that migrated southward into the area.<a href="#cite_note-KBala1965-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-30">[30]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yadava" title="Yadava">Yadava kingdom</a> called <a href="/wiki/Anarta_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarta Kingdom">Anaratta</a> is described as mostly inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Abhira_people" title="Abhira people">Abhiras</a> (Abhira-praya-manusyam). The <a href="/wiki/Anarta_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarta Kingdom">Anartta country</a> and its inhabitants were called <a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_(region)" title="Saurashtra (region)">Surastra</a> and the Saurastras, probably after the Rattas (Rastras) akin to the Rastrikas of Asoka's rock Edicts, now known as Maharastra and the <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marattas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> An alternative theory states that the term derives from the word mahā ("great") and rāṣṭra ("nation/dominion").<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> However, this theory is somewhat controversial among modern scholars who believe it to be the Sanskritised interpretation of later writers.<a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer1967-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Maharashtra" title="History of Maharashtra">History of Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Movement">Samyukta Maharashtra Movement</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_statehood_of_Maharashtra" title="Chronology of statehood of Maharashtra">Chronology of statehood of Maharashtra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg/220px-Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg/330px-Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg/440px-Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2553" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Late Harappa figure from <a href="/wiki/Daimabad" title="Daimabad">Daimabad hoard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karla_caves_Chaitya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Karla_caves_Chaitya.jpg/170px-Karla_caves_Chaitya.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Karla_caves_Chaitya.jpg/255px-Karla_caves_Chaitya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Karla_caves_Chaitya.jpg/340px-Karla_caves_Chaitya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>2nd century BCE <a href="/wiki/Karla_Caves" title="Karla Caves">Karla Caves</a> are a group of Buddhist caves near <a href="/wiki/Lonavala" title="Lonavala">Lonavala</a>.</figcaption></figure> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Late_Harappan" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Harappan">Late Harappan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> sites belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Jorwe_culture" title="Jorwe culture">Jorwe culture</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1300–700 BCE) have been discovered throughout the state.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The largest settlement discovered of the culture is at <a href="/wiki/Daimabad" title="Daimabad">Daimabad</a>, which had a mud fortification during this period, as well as an elliptical temple with fire pits.<a href="#cite_note-Lahiri2015-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-singh-37">[37]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Late_Harappan" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Harappan">Late Harappan</a> period there was a large migration of people from Gujarat to northern Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Maharashtra was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a> in the fourth and third centuries BCE. Around 230 BCE, Maharashtra came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana dynasty</a> which ruled it for the next 400 years.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated440-39">[39]</a> The rule of Satavahanas was followed by that of <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara">Gurjara-Pratihara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vakataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakataka">Vakataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadambas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadambas">Kadambas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalukya Empire">Chalukya Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta Dynasty">Rashtrakuta Dynasty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Chalukya">Western Chalukya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yadava_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadava dynasty">Yadava Dynasty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_district,_Maharashtra" title="Aurangabad district, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a> display influences from the Satavahana and Vakataka styles. The caves were possibly excavated during this period.<a href="#cite_note-Javid2008-40">[40]</a> The Chalukya dynasty ruled the region from the sixth to the eighth centuries CE, and the two prominent rulers were <a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a>, who defeated the north Indian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_II" title="Vikramaditya II">Vikramaditya II</a>, who defeated the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> invaders in the eighth century. The Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled Maharashtra from the eighth to the tenth century.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_History_–_page_B-57-41">[41]</a> The Arab traveller <a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_al_Mahri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaiman al Mahri">Sulaiman al Mahri</a> described the ruler of the Rashtrakuta dynasty <a href="/wiki/Amoghavarsha" title="Amoghavarsha">Amoghavarsha</a> as "one of the four great kings of the world".<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated203-42">[42]</a> Shilahara dynasty began as vassals of the Rashtrakuta dynasty which ruled the Deccan plateau between the eighth and tenth centuries. From the early 11th century to the 12th century, the Deccan Plateau, which includes a significant part of Maharashtra, was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western Chalukya Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated365-43">[43]</a> Several battles were fought between the Western Chalukya Empire and the Chola dynasty in the Deccan Plateau during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Raja_Raja_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Raja Chola I">Raja Raja Chola I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra Chola I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jayasimha_II_(Western_Chalukya_dynasty)" title="Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)">Jayasimha II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Someshvara_I" title="Someshvara I">Someshvara I</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_VI" title="Vikramaditya VI">Vikramaditya VI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In the early 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/Yadava_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadava Dynasty">Yadava dynasty</a>, which ruled most of present-day Maharashtra, was overthrown by the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji" title="Alauddin Khalji">Alauddin Khalji</a>. Later, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Tughluq" title="Muhammad bin Tughluq">Muhammad bin Tughluq</a> conquered parts of the Deccan, and temporarily shifted his capital from Delhi to <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Daulatabad, Maharashtra">Daulatabad</a> in Maharashtra. After the collapse of the Tughluqs in 1347, the local <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmani Sultanate</a> of Gulbarga took over, governing the region for the next 150 years.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> After the break-up of the <a href="/wiki/Bahamani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamani">Bahamani</a> sultanate in 1518, Maharashtra split into five <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Sultanates" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan Sultanates">Deccan Sultanates</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Nizamshah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Ahmednagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adilshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Adilshah">Adilshah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bijapur" title="Bijapur">Bijapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qutubshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutubshah">Qutubshah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Golkonda" class="mw-redirect" title="Golkonda">Golkonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidarshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidarshah">Bidarshah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imadshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Imadshah">Imadshah</a> of Elichpur. These kingdoms often fought with each other. United, they decisively defeated the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> of the south in 1565.<a href="#cite_note-Saletore1934-46">[46]</a> The present area of Mumbai was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Gujarat">Sultanate of Gujarat</a> before its capture by <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> in 1535 and the <a href="/wiki/Faruqi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Faruqi dynasty">Faruqi dynasty</a> ruled the <a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh</a> region between 1382 and 1601 before finally getting annexed in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ambar" title="Malik Ambar">Malik Ambar</a>, the regent of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Nizamshahi dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a> from 1607 to 1626,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> increased the strength and power of <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Nizam_Shah_II" title="Murtaza Nizam Shah II">Murtaza Nizam Shah II</a> and raised a large army.Ambar is said to have introduced the concept of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> in the Deccan region.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Malik Ambar assisted Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> in Delhi against his stepmother, <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a>, who wanted to enthrone her son-in-law.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Both <a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Shivaji</a>'s grandfather, Maloji and father Shahaji served under Ambar.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bibi_Ka_Maqbara,_Aurangabad,_Sambhajinagar,_Maharashtra,_India_(2013).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara%2C_Aurangabad%2C_Sambhajinagar%2C_Maharashtra%2C_India_%282013%29.jpg/220px-Bibi_Ka_Maqbara%2C_Aurangabad%2C_Sambhajinagar%2C_Maharashtra%2C_India_%282013%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara%2C_Aurangabad%2C_Sambhajinagar%2C_Maharashtra%2C_India_%282013%29.jpg/330px-Bibi_Ka_Maqbara%2C_Aurangabad%2C_Sambhajinagar%2C_Maharashtra%2C_India_%282013%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara%2C_Aurangabad%2C_Sambhajinagar%2C_Maharashtra%2C_India_%282013%29.jpg/440px-Bibi_Ka_Maqbara%2C_Aurangabad%2C_Sambhajinagar%2C_Maharashtra%2C_India_%282013%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara" title="Bibi Ka Maqbara">Bibi Ka Maqbara</a>, a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, was built during the reign of Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_of_Maratha_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_of_Maratha_India.jpg/220px-Emperor_of_Maratha_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_of_Maratha_India.jpg/330px-Emperor_of_Maratha_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_of_Maratha_India.jpg/440px-Emperor_of_Maratha_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Shivaji opposite <a href="/wiki/Gateway_of_India" title="Gateway of India">Gateway of India</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a></figcaption></figure> In the early 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Shahaji_Bhosale" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahaji Bhosale">Shahaji Bhosale</a>, an ambitious local general who had served the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Ahmadnagar Sultanate</a>, the Mughals and <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi dynasty">Adil Shah of Bijapur</a> at different periods throughout his career, attempted to establish his independent rule.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> This attempt was unsuccessful, but his son Shivaji succeeded in establishing the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Shortly after Shivaji's death in 1680, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb launched a campaign to conquer Maratha territories as well as the Adilshahi and Govalkonda kingdoms.<a href="#cite_note-:2-54">[54]</a> This campaign, better known as <a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Maratha_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Maratha Wars">Mughal–Maratha Wars</a>, was a strategic defeat for Mughals. Aurangzeb failed to fully conquer Maratha territories, and this campaign had a ruinous effect on Mughal Treasury and Army.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Shortly after Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Marathas under Peshwa <a href="/wiki/Bajirao_I" title="Bajirao I">Bajirao I</a> and the generals that he had promoted such as <a href="/wiki/Ranoji_Shinde" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranoji Shinde">Ranoji Shinde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malharrao_Holkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malharrao Holkar">Malharrao Holkar</a> started conquering Mughal Territories in the north and western India, and by 1750s they or their successors had confined the Mughals to city of Delhi.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> After their defeat at the hand of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Abdali" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Shah Abdali">Ahmad Shah Abdali</a>'s Afghan forces in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Third Battle of Panipat</a> in 1761, the Maratha suffered a setback. However, they soon reclaimed the lost territories and ruled central and north India including Delhi until the end of the eighteenth century. The Marathas also developed a potent <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Navy</a> circa in the 1660s, which at its peak under the command of <a href="/wiki/Kanhoji_Angre" title="Kanhoji Angre">Kanhoji Angre</a>, dominated the territorial waters of the western coast of India from Mumbai to <a href="/wiki/Savantwadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Savantwadi">Savantwadi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> It resisted the <a href="/wiki/Company_Rule_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Rule in India">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_India" title="Dutch India">Dutch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">Siddi</a> naval ships and kept a check on their naval ambitions. Charles Metcalfe, British Civil servant and later Acting Governor-General, said in 1806:<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">India contains no more than two great powers, British and Maratha, and every other state acknowledges the influence of one or the other. Every inch that we recede will be occupied by them.</blockquote> The British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> slowly expanded areas under its rule during the 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a> (1817–1818) led to the end of the Maratha Empire and the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> took over the empire.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rathod1994-60">[60]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha Navy</a> dominated till around the 1730s, was in a state of decline by the 1770s and ceased to exist by 1818.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombay-Poona_Mail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bombay-Poona_Mail.jpg/220px-Bombay-Poona_Mail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bombay-Poona_Mail.jpg/330px-Bombay-Poona_Mail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bombay-Poona_Mail.jpg/440px-Bombay-Poona_Mail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>The Bombay-Poona Mail Train of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_Peninsular_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Indian Peninsular Railway">GIPR</a> company in 1907</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> governed western Maharashtra as part of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, which spanned an area from <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> in Pakistan to northern Deccan. A number of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Maratha</a> states persisted as <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a>, retaining autonomy in return for acknowledging British <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a>. The largest princely states in the territory were <a href="/wiki/Nagpur_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpur kingdom">Nagpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satara_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Satara state">Satara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_State" title="Kolhapur State">Kolhapur State</a>; Satara was annexed to the Bombay Presidency in 1848, and Nagpur was annexed in 1853 to become <a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Province" title="Nagpur Province">Nagpur Province</a>, later part of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Provinces" title="Central Provinces">Central Provinces</a>. <a href="/wiki/Berar_Province" title="Berar Province">Berar</a>, which had been part of the <a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad's</a> kingdom, was occupied by the British in 1853 and annexed to the Central Provinces in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-Russell1997-62">[62]</a> However, a large region called <a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a> remained part of the Nizam's Hyderabad State throughout the British period. The British ruled Maharashtra region from 1818 to 1947 and influenced every aspect of life for the people of the region. They brought several changes to the legal system,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> built modern means of transport including roads<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and Railways,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> took various steps to provide mass education, including that for previously marginalised classes and women,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> established universities based on western system and imparting education in science, technology,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> and western medicine,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> standardised the Marathi language,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rao1994-77">[77]</a> and introduced mass media by utilising modern printing technologies.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 war of independence</a> had many Marathi leaders, though the battles mainly took place in northern India. The modern struggle for independence started taking shape in the late 1800s with leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a>, Justice <a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pherozeshah_Mehta" title="Pherozeshah Mehta">Pherozeshah Mehta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a> evaluating the company rule and its consequences. <a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a> was the pioneer of social reform in the Maharashtra region in the second half of the 19th century. His social work was continued by <a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu, Raja of Kolhapur</a> and later by <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a>. After the partial <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> given to the states by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._G._Kher" title="B. G. Kher">B. G. Kher</a> became the first chief minister of the Congress party-led government of tri-lingual Bombay Presidency.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The ultimatum to the British during the <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a> was given in Mumbai and culminated in the transfer of power and independence in 1947.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After Indian independence, princely states and Jagirs of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_States_Agency" title="Deccan States Agency">Deccan States Agency</a> were merged into <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a>, which was created from the former Bombay Presidency in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 1956, the <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="States Reorganisation Act">States Reorganisation Act</a> reorganised the Indian states along linguistic lines, and Bombay Presidency State was enlarged by the addition of the predominantly <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>-speaking regions of <a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurangabad Division">Aurangabad Division</a>) from erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad state">Hyderabad state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a> region from the <a href="/wiki/Central_Provinces_and_Berar" title="Central Provinces and Berar">Central Provinces and Berar</a>. The southernmost part of Bombay State was ceded to <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Mysore</a>. In the 1950s, Marathi people strongly protested against bilingual <a href="/wiki/Bombay_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay state">Bombay state</a> under the banner of <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti">Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The notable leaders of the samiti included <a href="/wiki/Keshavrao_Jedhe" title="Keshavrao Jedhe">Keshavrao Jedhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/S.M._Joshi" class="mw-redirect" title="S.M. Joshi">S.M. Joshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shripad_Amrit_Dange" title="Shripad Amrit Dange">Shripad Amrit Dange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Keshav_Atre" title="Pralhad Keshav Atre">Pralhad Keshav Atre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gopalrao_Khedkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopalrao Khedkar">Gopalrao Khedkar</a>. The key demand of the samiti called for a Marathi speaking state with Mumbai as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In the Gujarati speaking areas of the state, a similar <a href="/wiki/Mahagujarat_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahagujarat Movement">Mahagujarat Movement</a> demanded a separate Gujarat state comprising majority Gujarati areas. After many years of protests, which saw 106 deaths amongst the protestors, and electoral success of the samiti in 1957 elections, the central government led by Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Nehru" class="mw-redirect" title="Nehru">Nehru</a> split Bombay State into two new states of Maharashtra and Gujarat on 1 May 1960.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The state continues to have a dispute with Karnataka regarding the region of <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The Government of Maharashtra was unhappy with the border demarcation of 1957 and filed a petition to the Ministry of Home affairs of India.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Maharashtra claimed 814 villages, and 3 urban settlements of Belagon, Karwar and <a href="/wiki/Nipani" title="Nipani">Nippani</a>, all part of then Bombay Presidency before freedom of the country.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> A petition by Maharashtra in the Supreme Court of India, staking a claim over Belagon, is currently pending.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Belagavi_border_dispute" title="Belagavi border dispute">Belagavi border dispute</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Maharashtra" title="Geography of Maharashtra">Geography of Maharashtra</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhamhagiri_hill_Nasik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bhamhagiri_hill_Nasik.jpg/220px-Bhamhagiri_hill_Nasik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bhamhagiri_hill_Nasik.jpg/330px-Bhamhagiri_hill_Nasik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bhamhagiri_hill_Nasik.jpg/440px-Bhamhagiri_hill_Nasik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri_(Maharashtra)" title="Brahmagiri (Maharashtra)"> Bramhagiri hills</a> in Sahyadri mountain range (<a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Vainganga_river21.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vainganga_river21.jpeg/220px-Vainganga_river21.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vainganga_river21.jpeg/330px-Vainganga_river21.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vainganga_river21.jpeg/440px-Vainganga_river21.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Wainganga" class="mw-redirect" title="Wainganga">Wainganga</a> River near Bhandara district</div></div></div></div></div> Maharashtra with a total area of 307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi), is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_India_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of states and territories of India by area">third-largest state</a> by area in terms of land area and constitutes 9.36% of India's total geographical area. The State lies between 15°35' N to 22°02' N latitude and 72°36' E to 80°54' E longitude. It occupies the <a href="/wiki/West_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West India">western</a> and central part of the country and has a coastline stretching 840 kilometres (520 mi)<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-outline-91">[91]</a> The dominant physical feature of the state is its plateau character, which is separated from the Konkan coastline by the mountain range of the Western Ghats, which runs parallel to the coast from north to south. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, also known as the Sahyadri Range, has an average elevation of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft); its slopes gently descending towards the east and southeast.<a href="#cite_note-western_ghat-92">[92]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> (or the Sahyadri Mountain range) provide a physical barrier to the state on the west, while the <a href="/wiki/Satpura_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Satpura Hills">Satpura Hills</a> along the north and Bhamragad-Chiroli-Gaikhuri ranges on the east serve as its natural borders.<a href="#cite_note-farmer-93">[93]</a> This state's expansion from North to South is 720 km (450 mi) and East to West is 800 km (500 mi). To the west of these hills lie the <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a> coastal plains, 50–80 km (31–50 mi) in width. To the east of the Ghats lies the flat <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>. The main rivers of the state are the <a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a>, and its tributary, <a href="/wiki/Bhima_River" title="Bhima River">Bhima</a>, the Godavari, and its main tributaries, <a href="/wiki/Manjira_River" title="Manjira River">Manjara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wardha_River" title="Wardha River">Wardha</a>-<a href="/wiki/Wainganga_River" title="Wainganga River">Wainganga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tapi_River,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapi River, India">Tapi</a>, and its tributary <a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Tapti)" title="Purna River (tributary of Tapti)">Purna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-outline-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-rivers-94">[94]</a> Maharashtra is divided into five geographic regions. Konkan is the western coastal region, between the Western Ghats and the sea.<a href="#cite_note-state_divisions-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh</a> is the north region lying in the valley of the Tapti, <a href="/wiki/Purna_River_(tributary_of_Tapti)" title="Purna River (tributary of Tapti)">Purna</a> river.<a href="#cite_note-rivers-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malegaon" title="Malegaon">Malegaon</a> <a href="/wiki/Jalgaon" title="Jalgaon">Jalgaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhule" title="Dhule">Dhule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhusawal" title="Bhusawal">Bhusawal</a> are the major cities of this region.<a href="#cite_note-cities-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Desh,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Desh, Maharashtra">Desh</a> is in the centre of the state.<a href="#cite_note-Desh_region-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a>, which was a part of the princely <a href="/wiki/State_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Hyderabad">state of Hyderabad</a> until 1956, is located in the southeastern part of the state.<a href="#cite_note-outline-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-marathwada-98">[98]</a> Aurangabad and <a href="/wiki/Nanded" title="Nanded">Nanded</a> are the main cities of the region.<a href="#cite_note-city-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a> is the easternmost region of the state, formerly part of the Central Provinces and Berar.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The state has limited area under irrigation, low natural fertility of soils, and large areas prone to recurrent drought. Due to this the agricultural productivity of Maharashtra is generally low as compared to the national averages of various crops. Maharashtra has been divided in to nine agro-climatic zones on the basis of annual rainfall soil types, vegetation and cropping pattern.<a href="#cite_note-Agro_Zones-101">[101]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Manas_Rural_Development_Institute" title="Manas Rural Development Institute">Manas Rural Development Institute</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Godavari_river_at_Puntamba_in_January.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Godavari_river_at_Puntamba_in_January.JPG/220px-The_Godavari_river_at_Puntamba_in_January.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Godavari_river_at_Puntamba_in_January.JPG/330px-The_Godavari_river_at_Puntamba_in_January.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Godavari_river_at_Puntamba_in_January.JPG/440px-The_Godavari_river_at_Puntamba_in_January.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Dried up Godavari River at <a href="/wiki/Puntamba" title="Puntamba">Puntamba</a>, Ahmadnagar district, after a poor <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season</figcaption></figure> Maharashtra experiences a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_wet_and_dry_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical wet and dry climate">tropical wet and dry climate</a> with hot, rainy, and cold weather seasons. Some areas more inland experience a hot <a href="/wiki/Semi_arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi arid">semi arid</a> climate, due to a rain shadow effect caused by the Western Ghats.<a href="#cite_note-IGARSS2017-102">[102]</a> The month of March marks the beginning of the summer and the temperature rises steadily until June. In the central plains, summer temperatures rise to between 40 °C or 104.0 °F and 45 °C or 113.0 °F. May is usually the warmest and January the coldest month of the year. The winter season lasts until February with lower temperatures occurring in December and January. On the Deccan plateau that lies on eastern side of the Sahyadri mountains, the climate is drier, however, dew and hail often occur, depending on seasonal weather.<a href="#cite_note-Seasonal-103">[103]</a> The rainfall patterns in the state vary by the topography of different regions. The state can be divided into four meteorological regions, namely coastal Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, and Vidarbha.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Southwest_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest monsoon">southwest monsoon</a> usually arrives in the last week of June and lasts till mid-September. Pre-monsoon showers begin towards the middle of June and post-monsoon rains occasionally occur in October. The highest average monthly rainfall is during July and August. In the winter season, there may be a little rainfall associated with western winds over the region. The Konkan coastal area, west of the Sahyadri Mountains receives very heavy monsoon rains with an annual average of more than 3,000 millimetres (120 in). However, just 150 km (93 mi) to the east, in the rain shadow of the mountain range, only 500–700 mm/year will fall, and long dry spells leading to drought are a common occurrence. Maharashtra has many of the 99 Indian districts identified by the Indian Central water commission as prone to drought.<a href="#cite_note-Mall-105">[105]</a> The average annual rainfall in the state is 1,181 mm (46.5 in) and 75% of it is received during the southwest monsoon from June–to September. However, under the influence of the Bay of Bengal, eastern Vidarbha receives good rainfall in July, August, and September.<a href="#cite_note-climate-106">[106]</a> Thane, <a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri_district" title="Ratnagiri district">Ratnagiri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sindhudurg_district" title="Sindhudurg district">Sindhudurg</a> districts receive heavy rains of an average of 2,000 to 2,500 mm or 80 to 100 in and the hill stations of <a href="/wiki/Matheran" title="Matheran">Matheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar" title="Mahabaleshwar">Mahabaleshwar</a> over 5,000 mm (200 in). Contrariwise, the rain shadow districts of <a href="/wiki/Nashik_district" title="Nashik district">Nashik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pune_district" title="Pune district">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar_district" title="Ahmednagar district">Ahmednagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhule_district" title="Dhule district">Dhule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalgaon_district" title="Jalgaon district">Jalgaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satara_district" title="Satara district">Satara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sangli_district" title="Sangli district">Sangli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solapur_district" title="Solapur district">Solapur</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_district" title="Kolhapur district">Kolhapur</a> receive less than 1,000 mm (39 in) annually. In winter, a cool dry spell occurs, with clear skies, gentle air breeze, and pleasant weather that prevails from October to February, although the eastern Vidarbha region receives rainfall from the north-east monsoon.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tara_in_Tadoba_Tiger_Reserve_AJTJ_P1090339.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tara_in_Tadoba_Tiger_Reserve_AJTJ_P1090339.jpg/220px-Tara_in_Tadoba_Tiger_Reserve_AJTJ_P1090339.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tara_in_Tadoba_Tiger_Reserve_AJTJ_P1090339.jpg/330px-Tara_in_Tadoba_Tiger_Reserve_AJTJ_P1090339.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Tara_in_Tadoba_Tiger_Reserve_AJTJ_P1090339.jpg/440px-Tara_in_Tadoba_Tiger_Reserve_AJTJ_P1090339.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A Bengal tiger in <a href="/wiki/Tadoba_Andhari_Tiger_Reserve" title="Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve">Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve</a></figcaption></figure> The state has three crucial biogeographic zones, namely <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">West coast</a>. The Ghats nurture endemic species, Deccan Plateau provides for vast mountain ranges and grasslands while the coast is home to littoral and swamp forests. Flora of Maharashtra is heterogeneous in composition. In 2012 the recorded thick forest area in the state was 61,939 km2 (23,915 sq mi) which was about 20.13% of the state's geographical area.<a href="#cite_note-forest_percentile-108">[108]</a> There are three main Public Forestry Institutions (PFIs) in the Maharashtra state: the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Forest_Department" title="Maharashtra Forest Department">Maharashtra Forest Department</a> (MFD), the Forest Development Corporation of Maharashtra (FDCM) and the Directorate of Social Forestry (SFD).<a href="#cite_note-Forestry-109">[109]</a> The Maharashtra State Biodiversity Board, constituted by the Government of Maharashtra in January 2012 under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, is the nodal body for the conservation of biodiversity within and outside forest areas in the State.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Maharashtra is ranked second among the <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Indian states</a> in terms of the recorded forest area. Recorded Forest Area (RFA) in the state is 61,579 sq mi (159,489 km2) of which 49,546 sq mi (128,324 km2) is reserved forests, 6,733 sq mi (17,438 km2) is protected forest and 5,300 sq mi (13,727 km2) is unclassed forests. Based on the interpretation of IRS <a href="/wiki/Resourcesat-2" title="Resourcesat-2">Resourcesat-2</a> LISS III satellite data of the period Oct 2017 to Jan 2018, the State has 8,720.53 sq mi (22,586 km2) under Very Dense Forest(VDF), 20,572.35 sq mi (53,282 km2) under Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) and 21,484.68 sq mi (55,645 km2) under Open Forest (OF). According to the <a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Champion" title="Harry George Champion">Champion and Seth classification</a>, Maharashtra has five types of forests:<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <ul><li>Southern Tropical Semi-Evergreen forests - These are found in the western ghats at a height of 400–1,000 m (1,300–3,300 ft). <a href="/wiki/Memecylon_umbellatum" title="Memecylon umbellatum">Anjani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terminalia_chebula" title="Terminalia chebula">Hirda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terminalia_paniculata" title="Terminalia paniculata">Kinjal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a> are predominant tree species found here.</li> <li>Southern Tropical Moist Deciduous forests-These are a mix of Moist <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">Teak</a> bearing forests (<a href="/wiki/Melghat" title="Melghat">Melghat</a>) and Moist Mixed deciduous forests (Vidarbha and Thane district). Commercially important Teak, <a href="/wiki/Dalbergia_sissoo" title="Dalbergia sissoo">Shishum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bambusa_tulda" title="Bambusa tulda">bamboo</a> are found here. In addition to evergreen Teak, some of the other tree species found in this type of forest include <a href="/wiki/Jambul" class="mw-redirect" title="Jambul">Jambul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dalbergia_latifolia" title="Dalbergia latifolia">Shisam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wildlife-113">[113]</a></li> <li>Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous forests-these occupy a major part of the state. Southern Tropical Thorn forests are found in the low rainfall regions of <a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh</a>, and Western Maharashtra. At present, these forests are heavily degraded. <a href="/wiki/Babul_(tree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babul (tree)">Babul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziziphus_mauritiana" title="Ziziphus mauritiana">Bor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Butea_monosperma" title="Butea monosperma">Palas</a> are some of the tree species found here.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">Littoral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swamp_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Swamp forest">Swamp</a> forests are mainly found in the Creeks of <a href="/wiki/Sindhudurg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhudurg">Sindhudurg</a> and Thane districts of the coastal Konkan region. The state harbours significant mangrove, coastal and marine biodiversity, with 304 km2 (117 sq mi) of the area under mangrove cover as per the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) of the Forest survey India in the coastal districts of the state.</li></ul> The most common animal species present in the state are monkeys, wild pigs, <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">sloth bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambar_(deer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambar (deer)">sambar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">four-horned antelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">chital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barking_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Barking deer">barking deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mouse_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse deer">mouse deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">small Indian civet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">golden jackal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">jungle cat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fauna-114">[114]</a> Other animals found in this state include reptiles such as <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>, scorpions and snake species such as <a href="/wiki/Cobra" title="Cobra">cobras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bungarus" title="Bungarus">kraits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-biodiversity-115">[115]</a> The state provides legal protection to its <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a> population through six dedicated <a href="/wiki/Tiger_reserves_of_India" title="Tiger reserves of India">tiger reserves</a> under the precincts of the <a href="/wiki/National_Tiger_Conservation_Authority" title="National Tiger Conservation Authority">National Tiger Conservation Authority</a>. The state's 720 km (450 mi) of sea coastline of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> marks the presence of various types of fish and marine animals. The <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Survey_of_India" title="Zoological Survey of India">Zoological Survey of India</a> (ZSI) found 1527 marine animal species, including <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluscs</a> with 581 species, many <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustacean</a> species including crabs, shrimps, and lobsters, 289 fish species, and 141 species types of <a href="/wiki/Annelid" title="Annelid">annelids</a> (sea worms).<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions,_divisions_and_districts">Regions, divisions and districts</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">List of districts of Maharashtra</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_talukas_of_Maharashtra" title="List of talukas of Maharashtra">List of talukas of Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra_by_population" title="List of cities in Maharashtra by population">List of cities in Maharashtra by population</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharashtra_Divisions_Eng.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maharashtra_Divisions_Eng.svg/220px-Maharashtra_Divisions_Eng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maharashtra_Divisions_Eng.svg/330px-Maharashtra_Divisions_Eng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maharashtra_Divisions_Eng.svg/440px-Maharashtra_Divisions_Eng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3106" data-file-height="2453" /></a><figcaption>Divisions of Maharashtra, along with their respective districts (with Palghar district formed in 2014 from the northern part of Thane district)</figcaption></figure> Maharashtra has following geographical regions: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/North_Maharashtra" title="North Maharashtra">North Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desh,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Desh, Maharashtra">Desh</a> or Western Maharashtra</li></ol> It consists of six administrative divisions:<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Amravati_division" title="Amravati division">Amravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_division" title="Aurangabad division">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan_division" title="Konkan division">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_division" title="Nagpur division">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik_division" title="Nashik division">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune_division" title="Pune division">Pune</a></li></ol> The state's six divisions are further divided into 36 <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">districts</a>, 109 sub-divisions, and 358 <a href="/wiki/Talukas_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Talukas of Maharashtra">talukas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-talukas-118">[118]</a> Maharashtra's top five districts by population, as ranked by the 2011 Census, are listed in the following table. Each district is governed by a <a href="/wiki/District_collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector">district collector</a> or district magistrate, appointed either by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> or the Maharashtra Civil Service.<a href="#cite_note-civil-119">[119]</a> Districts are subdivided into sub-divisions (<a href="/wiki/Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Taluka">Taluka</a>) governed by sub-divisional magistrates, and again into blocks.<a href="#cite_note-Panchayat-120">[120]</a> A block consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-panchayati_raj-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-panchayats-122">[122]</a> Talukas are intermediate level panchayat between the <a href="/wiki/District_Councils_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Councils of India">Zilla Parishad</a> (district councils) at the district level and <a href="/wiki/Gram_panchayat" title="Gram panchayat">gram panchayat</a> (village councils) at the lower level.<a href="#cite_note-Panchayat-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-zilla-123">[123]</a> Out of the total population of Maharashtra, 45.22% of people live in urban regions. The total figure of the population living in urban areas is 50.8 million. There are 27 <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporations">Municipal Corporations</a> in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-Municipal-124">[124]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Maharashtra <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">As of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Maharashtra">2011 Census</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Maharashtra">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Maharashtra">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">District</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Maharashtra"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Maharashtra">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Maharashtra">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">District</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Maharashtra"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_Downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mumbai"><img alt="Mumbai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_Downtown.jpg/120px-Mumbai_Downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_Downtown.jpg/180px-Mumbai_Downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_Downtown.jpg/240px-Mumbai_Downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="625" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Mula_River_as_seen_from_road_bridge_on_Thakar_Chowk_Mann_Road_near_Mahalunge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pune"><img alt="Pune" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mula_River_as_seen_from_road_bridge_on_Thakar_Chowk_Mann_Road_near_Mahalunge.jpg/120px-Mula_River_as_seen_from_road_bridge_on_Thakar_Chowk_Mann_Road_near_Mahalunge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mula_River_as_seen_from_road_bridge_on_Thakar_Chowk_Mann_Road_near_Mahalunge.jpg/180px-Mula_River_as_seen_from_road_bridge_on_Thakar_Chowk_Mann_Road_near_Mahalunge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mula_River_as_seen_from_road_bridge_on_Thakar_Chowk_Mann_Road_near_Mahalunge.jpg/240px-Mula_River_as_seen_from_road_bridge_on_Thakar_Chowk_Mann_Road_near_Mahalunge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3997" data-file-height="2249" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai City district</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,414,288</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_district" title="Kolhapur district"> Kolhapur</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">660,861 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_at_Sitabuldi_Nagpur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nagpur"><img alt="Nagpur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Night_at_Sitabuldi_Nagpur.jpg/120px-Night_at_Sitabuldi_Nagpur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Night_at_Sitabuldi_Nagpur.jpg/180px-Night_at_Sitabuldi_Nagpur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Night_at_Sitabuldi_Nagpur.jpg/240px-Night_at_Sitabuldi_Nagpur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> <a href="/wiki/File:NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nashik"><img alt="Nashik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg/120px-NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg/180px-NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg/240px-NashikViewfromPandavLeni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pune_district" title="Pune district">Pune</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,049,968</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sangli" title="Sangli">Sangli</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sangli_district" title="Sangli district"> Sangli</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">650,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_district" title="Nagpur district">Nagpur</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,497,777 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nashik_district" title="Nashik district">Nashik</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,362,769 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,886,941 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_district,_Maharashtra" title="Aurangabad district, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,189,376 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Solapur" title="Solapur">Solapur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Solapur_district" title="Solapur district">Solapur</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">951,118 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amravati" title="Amravati">Amravati</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amravati_district" title="Amravati district">Amravati</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">846,801 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon" title="Jalgaon">Jalgaon</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon_district" title="Jalgaon district">Jalgaon</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">737,411 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nanded" title="Nanded">Nanded</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nanded_district" title="Nanded district"> Nanded</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">550,564 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,391,643</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,474,523</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,849,666</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,959,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">26,832,758</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+12.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,002,564</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,553,718</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,412,235</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,782,818</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">78,937,187</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">96,878,627</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">112,374,333</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, Maharashtra was at that time the richest state in India and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">second-most populous</a> state in India with a population of 112,374,333. Contributing to 9.28% of India's population, males and females are 58,243,056 and 54,131,277, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-contribution-126">[126]</a> The total population growth in 2011 was 15.99%, while in the previous decade it was 22.57%.<a href="#cite_note-statics-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-proportion-128">[128]</a> Since independence, the decadal growth rate of population has remained higher (except in the year 1971) than the national average. However, in the year 2011, it was found to be lower than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-proportion-128">[128]</a> The 2011 census for the state found 55% of the population to be rural with 45% being urban-based.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-diaspora-130">[130]</a> Although, India hasn't conducted a caste-wise census since Independence, based on the British era census of 1931, it is estimated that the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_(caste)" title="Maratha (caste)">Maratha</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kunbi" title="Kunbi">Maratha-kunbi</a> numerically form the largest caste cluster with around 32% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Maharashtra has a large <a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Class</a> population constituting 41% of the population. The scheduled tribes include <a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasis</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Thakar_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Thakar tribe">Thakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warli" title="Warli">Warli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katkari_people" title="Katkari people">Konkana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halba_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Halba people">Halba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tribes-132">[132]</a> The 2011 census found <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_castes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled castes">scheduled castes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled tribes">scheduled tribes</a> to account for 11.8% and 8.9% of the population, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The state also includes a substantial number of <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migrants</a> from other states of India.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, Gujarat, and Karnataka account for the largest percentage of migrants to the Mumbai metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The 2011 census reported the human sex ratio is 929 females per 1000 males, which were below the national average of 943. The density of Maharashtra was 365 inhabitants per km2 which was lower than the national average of 382 per km2. Since 1921, the populations of Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg shrank by −4.96% and −2.30%, respectively, while the population of Thane grew by 35.9%, followed by Pune at 30.3%. The literacy rate is 83.2%, higher than the national rate at 74.04%.<a href="#cite_note-elite-136">[136]</a> Of this, male literacy stood at 89.82% and female literacy 75.48%.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Maharashtra" title="Religion in Maharashtra">Religion in Maharashtra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:333px;max-width:333px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Alandi_Palki_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varkari saint Dnyaneshwar's palkhi (palanquin)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/115px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/173px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alandi_Palki_08.jpg/230px-Alandi_Palki_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_of_Vipassana_Buddha_Vihar_and_Aurangabad_caves,_and_Ambedkar_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Celebrating Dhammachakra Pravartan Din in Aurangabad"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gate_of_Vipassana_Buddha_Vihar_and_Aurangabad_caves%2C_and_Ambedkar_statue.jpg/115px-Gate_of_Vipassana_Buddha_Vihar_and_Aurangabad_caves%2C_and_Ambedkar_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gate_of_Vipassana_Buddha_Vihar_and_Aurangabad_caves%2C_and_Ambedkar_statue.jpg/173px-Gate_of_Vipassana_Buddha_Vihar_and_Aurangabad_caves%2C_and_Ambedkar_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gate_of_Vipassana_Buddha_Vihar_and_Aurangabad_caves%2C_and_Ambedkar_statue.jpg/230px-Gate_of_Vipassana_Buddha_Vihar_and_Aurangabad_caves%2C_and_Ambedkar_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sai_gold_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sai baba of Shirdi"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sai_gold_full.jpg/90px-Sai_gold_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sai_gold_full.jpg/135px-Sai_gold_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sai_gold_full.jpg/180px-Sai_gold_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="909" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:BAPS_Swaminarayan_Mandir,_Pune.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir, Pune."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/BAPS_Swaminarayan_Mandir%2C_Pune.jpg/128px-BAPS_Swaminarayan_Mandir%2C_Pune.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/BAPS_Swaminarayan_Mandir%2C_Pune.jpg/192px-BAPS_Swaminarayan_Mandir%2C_Pune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/BAPS_Swaminarayan_Mandir%2C_Pune.jpg/256px-BAPS_Swaminarayan_Mandir%2C_Pune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2619" data-file-height="1409" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khandoba temple of Jejuri,Pune"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg/101px-Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg/152px-Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg/202px-Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5704" data-file-height="3896" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jama_Masjid_Nagpur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jama Masjid Nagpur"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jama_Masjid_Nagpur.jpg/92px-Jama_Masjid_Nagpur.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jama_Masjid_Nagpur.jpg/138px-Jama_Masjid_Nagpur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jama_Masjid_Nagpur.jpg/184px-Jama_Masjid_Nagpur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Varkari</a> saint Dnyaneshwar's palkhi (palanquin), Celebrating <a href="/wiki/Dhammachakra_Pravartan_Din" title="Dhammachakra Pravartan Din">Dhammachakra Pravartan Din</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a>, Sai baba of <a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a>,BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir temple in Pune. <a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a> temple of Jejuri, Pune, Jama Masjid Nagpur</div></div></div></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6365.6741162871px; border-left-color:grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3880.969140305px; border-left-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2607.819721589px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1010.4354167152px; border-left-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 558.46063796392px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 165.98141803533px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 31.315101106963px; border-left-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Maharashtra (2011)<a href="#cite_note-Religion-138">[138]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Maharashtra" title="Hinduism in Maharashtra">Hinduism</a> (79.83%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (11.54%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marathi_Buddhists" title="Marathi Buddhists">Buddhism</a> (5.81%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Jainism</a> (1.25%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Maharashtra" title="Christianity in Maharashtra">Christianity</a> (0.96%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (0.20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (0.16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Not stated (0.25%)</div> </div> </div></div> According to the 2011 census, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> was the principal religion in the state at 79.8% of the total population. <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Muslims</a> constituted 11.5% of the total population. Maharashtra has the highest number of followers of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in India, accounting for 5.8% of Maharashtra's total population with 6,531,200 followers. <a href="/wiki/Marathi_Buddhists" title="Marathi Buddhists">Marathi Buddhists</a> account for 77.36% of all <a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">Buddhists in India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a> constituted 0.2%, 1%, and 1.2% of the Maharashtra population respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Religion-138">[138]</a> Maharashtra, and particularly the city of Mumbai, is home to two tiny religious communities. This includes 5000 <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India" title="History of the Jews in India">Jews</a>, mainly belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baghdadi_Jews" title="Baghdadi Jews">Baghdadi Jewish</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsi</a> is the other community who follow <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>. The 2011 census recorded around 44,000 parsis in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 434.53139796789px; border-left-color:darkslateblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkslateblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkslateblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 345.01124080277px; border-left-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 278.30922866573px; border-left-color:khaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:khaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:khaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 228.32588670378px; border-left-color:peachpuff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:peachpuff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:peachpuff"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 182.71429769221px; border-left-color:coral"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:coral"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:coral"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 148.95043677161px; border-left-color:skyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:skyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:skyblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 113.8596700795px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 45.682277078351px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:92.81484017808px 37.221034949574px 0 0; border-top-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages of Maharashtra (2011)<a href="#cite_note-2011census-language-142">[142]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (68.93%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (12.89%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (6.71%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> (2.06%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a> (1.44%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a> (1.40%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a> (1.08%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (1.00%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> (0.89%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (4.38%)</div> </div> </div></div> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> is the official language although different regions have their own dialects.<a href="#cite_note-auto-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marathi-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-speakers-144">[144]</a> Most people speak regional languages classified as dialects of Marathi in the census. <a href="/wiki/Powari_language" title="Powari language">Powari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lodhi_language" title="Lodhi language">Lodhi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a> are spoken in the Vidarbha region, Dangi is spoken near the Maharashtra-Gujarat border, <a href="/wiki/Bhil_languages" title="Bhil languages">Bhil languages</a> are spoken throughout the northwest part of the state, <a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a> (locally known as Ahirani) is spoken in Khandesh region. In the Desh and Marathwada regions, <a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Dakhini Urdu</a> is widely spoken, although Dakhini speakers are usually bilingual in Marathi.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Konkani, and its dialect Malvani, is spoken along the southern Konkan coast. Telugu and Kannada are spoken along the border areas of Telangana and Karnataka, respectively. At the junction of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh a variety of Hindi dialects are spoken such as Lodhi and <a href="/wiki/Powari_language" title="Powari language">Powari</a>. Lambadi is spoken through a wide area of eastern Marathwada and western Vidarbha. Gondi is spoken by diminishing minorities throughout Vidarbha but is most concentrated in the forests of Gadchiroli and the Telangana border.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Marathi is the first language of a majority or plurality of the people in all districts of Maharashtra except <a href="/wiki/Nandurbar_district" title="Nandurbar district">Nandurbar</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a> is spoken by 45% of its population. The highest percentage of <a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a> speakers are <a href="/wiki/Dhule_district" title="Dhule district">Dhule district</a> (29%) and the highest percentage of <a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a> speakers are in <a href="/wiki/Gadchiroli_district" title="Gadchiroli district">Gadchiroli district</a> (24%).<a href="#cite_note-2011census-language-142">[142]</a> The highest percentages of mother-tongue Hindi speakers are in urban areas, especially Mumbai and its suburbs, where it is mother tongue to over a quarter of the population. Pune and Nagpur are also spots for Hindi-speakers. Gujarati and Urdu are also major languages in Mumbai, both are spoken by around 10% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-language-142">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> and its dialect, the <a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Dakhni</a> are spoken by the Muslim population of the state.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai metropolitan area</a> is home to migrants from all over India. In Mumbai, a wide range of languages are spoken, including Telugu, Tamil, Konkani, Kannada, Sindhi, Punjabi, Bengali, Tulu, and many more.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-language-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_administration">Governance and administration</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Maharashtra" title="Politics of Maharashtra">Politics of Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of chief ministers of Maharashtra">List of chief ministers of Maharashtra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mantralay_of_Mumbai,_Administrative_Headquarters_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mantralay_of_Mumbai%2C_Administrative_Headquarters_03.jpg/220px-Mantralay_of_Mumbai%2C_Administrative_Headquarters_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mantralay_of_Mumbai%2C_Administrative_Headquarters_03.jpg/330px-Mantralay_of_Mumbai%2C_Administrative_Headquarters_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mantralay_of_Mumbai%2C_Administrative_Headquarters_03.jpg/440px-Mantralay_of_Mumbai%2C_Administrative_Headquarters_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mantralaya,_Mumbai" title="Mantralaya, Mumbai">Mantralaya</a> or administrative headquarters of Maharashtra state government in <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a></figcaption></figure> The state is governed through a <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">parliamentary system</a> of <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Maharashtra is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a> (Legislative Assembly) and the <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Parishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Parishad">Vidhan Parishad</a> (Legislative Council).<a href="#cite_note-mla's-147">[147]</a> The legislature, the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, who are elected by the members. The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> consists of 288 members who are elected for five-year terms unless the Assembly is dissolved before to the completion of the term. The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> is a permanent body of 78 members with one-third (33 members) retiring every two years. Maharashtra is the second most important state in terms of political representation in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, or the lower chamber of the Indian Parliament with 48 seats which is next only to <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> which has the highest number of seats than any other Indian state with 80 seats.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Maharashtra also has 19 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, or the upper chamber of the Indian Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-members-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-list-150">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">government of Maharashtra</a> is a democratically elected body in India with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Maharashtra" title="List of governors of Maharashtra">Governor</a> as its constitutional head who is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> for a five-year term.<a href="#cite_note-Governor-151">[151]</a> The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">chief minister</a> by the governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the chief minister.<a href="#cite_note-chief_minister-152">[152]</a> The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and his council are responsible for day-to-day government functions. The <a href="/wiki/Thackeray_ministry" title="Thackeray ministry">council of ministers</a> consists of Cabinet Ministers and Ministers of State (MoS). The Secretariat headed by the Chief Secretary assists the council of ministers. The Chief Secretary is also the administrative head of the government. Each government department is headed by a Minister, who is assisted by an Additional Chief Secretary or a Principal Secretary, who is usually an officer of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a>, the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary serves as the administrative head of the department they are assigned to. Each department also has officers of the rank of Secretary, Special Secretary, Joint Secretary, etc. assisting the Minister and the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For purpose of administration, the state is divided into 6 divisions and 36 <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">districts</a>. Divisional Commissioner, an IAS officer is the head of administration at the divisional level. The administration in each district is headed by a <a href="/wiki/District_Magistrate" class="mw-redirect" title="District Magistrate">District Magistrate</a>, who is an IAS officer and is assisted by several officers belonging to state services. Urban areas in the state are governed by <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporations in India">Municipal Corporations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal Councils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagar_Panchayat_(Notified_Area_Council)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council)">Nagar Panchayats</a>, and seven <a href="/wiki/Cantonment_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonment Board">Cantonment Boards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-proportion-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-divisions-153">[153]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Police" title="Maharashtra Police">Maharashtra Police</a> is headed by an IPS officer of the rank of <a href="/wiki/Director_general_of_police" title="Director general of police">Director general of police</a>. A Superintendent of Police, an IPS officer assisted by the officers of the Maharashtra Police Service, is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues in each district. The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Service" title="Indian Forest Service">Indian Forest Service</a>, manages the forests, environment, and wildlife of the district, assisted by the officers of Maharashtra Forest Service and Maharashtra Forest Subordinate Service.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_40_Bombay_High_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maharashtra High Court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mumbai_03-2016_40_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_40_Bombay_High_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mumbai_03-2016_40_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_40_Bombay_High_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mumbai_03-2016_40_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_40_Bombay_High_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4864" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a>, one of the oldest high courts in India</figcaption></figure> The judiciary in the state consists of the Maharashtra High Court (<a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">The High Court of Bombay</a>), district and session courts in each district and lower courts and judges at the taluka level.<a href="#cite_note-judiciary-155">[155]</a> The High Court has regional branches at <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a> in Maharashtra and <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a> which is the capital of Goa.<a href="#cite_note-bombayhighcourt-156">[156]</a> The state cabinet on 13 May 2015 passed a resolution favouring the setting up of one more bench of the Bombay high court in <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a>, covering the region.<a href="#cite_note-timesofindia-157">[157]</a> The President of India appoints the chief justice of the High Court of the Maharashtra judiciary on the advice of the chief justice of the Supreme Court of India as well as the Governor of Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Other judges are appointed by the chief justice of the high court of the judiciary on the advice of the Chief Justice.<a href="#cite_note-jdistrict-159">[159]</a> Subordinate Judicial Service is another vital part of the judiciary of Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The subordinate judiciary or the district courts are categorised into two divisions: the Maharashtra civil judicial services and higher judicial service.<a href="#cite_note-Introduction-161">[161]</a> While the Maharashtra civil judicial services comprises the Civil Judges (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrates and civil judges (Senior Division)/Chief Judicial Magistrate, the higher judicial service comprises civil and sessions judges.<a href="#cite_note-activities-162">[162]</a> The Subordinate judicial service of the judiciary is controlled by the District Judge.<a href="#cite_note-jdistrict-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Maharashtra" title="Politics of Maharashtra">Politics of Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of chief ministers of Maharashtra">List of chief ministers of Maharashtra</a></div> The politics of the state in the first decades after its formation in 1960 was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> party or its offshoots such as the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a>. At present, it has been dominated by four political parties, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shivsena</a>.The politics of the state in the last five years has seen long term alliances breaking up like that of undivided Shivsena and BJP, new ones being formed between Congress, NCP, and the Shivsena, regional parties like the Shivsena and NCP splitting up, and majority of their legislators joining a new alliance government with the BJP.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Just like in other states in India, dynastic politics is fairly common also among political parties in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-Denyer2014-164">[164]</a> The dynastic phenomenon is seen from the national level down to the district level and even village level. The three-tier structure of Panchayati Raj created in the state in the 1960s also helped to create and consolidate this phenomenon in rural areas. Apart from controlling the government, political families also control cooperative institutions, mainly <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_sugar_factories_in_Maharashtra" title="Cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra">cooperative sugar factories</a> and district <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_movement_in_India" title="Cooperative movement in India">cooperative banks</a> in the state.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> also features several senior leaders who are dynasts.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chandra2016-167">[167]</a> In Maharashtra, the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> has a particularly high level of dynasticism.<a href="#cite_note-Chandra2016-167">[167]</a> In the early years, the politics of Maharashtra was dominated by Congress party figures such as <a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasantdada_Patil" title="Vasantdada Patil">Vasantdada Patil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasantrao_Naik" title="Vasantrao Naik">Vasantrao Naik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a>, who started his political career in the Congress party, has been a towering personality in state and national politics for over forty years. During his career, he has split the Congress twice with significant consequences for the state politics.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> The Congress party enjoyed a near unchallenged dominance of the political landscape until 1995 when the <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) secured an overwhelming majority in the state to form a coalition government.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> After his second parting from the Congress party in 1999, <a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> but then formed a coalition with the Congress to keep out the BJP-Shiv Sena combine out of the Maharashtra state government for fifteen years until September 2014. <a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Chavan" title="Prithviraj Chavan">Prithviraj Chavan</a> of the Congress party was the last <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a> of Maharashtra under the Congress-NCP alliance.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> For the <a href="/wiki/2014_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">2014 assembly polls</a>, the two alliances between NCP and Congress and that between BJP and Shiv Sena respectively broke down over seat allocations. In the election, the largest number of seats went to the Bharatiya Janata Party, with 122 seats. The BJP initially formed a minority government under <a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a>. The Shiv Sena entered the Government after two months and provided a comfortable majority for the alliance in the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra Vidhansabha</a> for the duration of the assembly.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 Lok Sabha elections</a>, the BJP-Shiv Sena alliance secured 41 seats out of 48 from the state.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Later in 2019, the BJP and Shiv Sena alliance fought the assembly elections together but the alliance broke down after the election over the post of the chief minister. <a href="/wiki/Uddhav_Thackeray" title="Uddhav Thackeray">Uddhav Thackeray</a> of Shiv Sena then formed an alternative governing coalition under his leadership with his erstwhile opponents from NCP, INC, and several independent members of the legislative assembly.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Thackeray served as the 19th <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief minister of Maharashtra">Chief minister of Maharashtra</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vikas_Aghadi" title="Maha Vikas Aghadi">Maha Vikas Aghadi</a> coalition until June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-IE28Nov-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-FP29Nov-180">[180]</a> In late June 2022, <a href="/wiki/Eknath_Shinde" title="Eknath Shinde">Eknath Shinde</a>, a senior <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a> leader, and the majority of <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">MLAs</a> from Shiv Sena joined hands with the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-karthikeyan-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_23_June-183">[183]</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Koshyari" title="Bhagat Singh Koshyari">Bhagat Singh Koshyari</a> called for a trust vote, an action that would later on be described as a "sad spectacle" by <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> and draw criticism from Political Observers.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uddhav_Thackeray" title="Uddhav Thackeray">Uddhav Thackeray</a> resigned from the post as chief minister well as a MLC member ahead of <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">no-confidence motion</a> on 29 June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Shinde subsequently formed a new coalition with the BJP, and was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 30 June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-:0-187">[187]</a> BJP leader, <a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a> was given the post of <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_Minister_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra">Deputy Chief Minister</a> in the new government.<a href="#cite_note-:0-187">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uddhav_Thackeray" title="Uddhav Thackeray">Uddhav Thackeray</a> filed a lawsuit in <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> claiming that <a href="/wiki/Eknath_Shinde" title="Eknath Shinde">Eknath Shinde</a> and his group's actions meant that they were disqualified under <a href="/wiki/Anti-defection_law_(India)" title="Anti-defection law (India)">Anti-defection law</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Eknath_Shinde" title="Eknath Shinde">Eknath Shinde</a> claiming that he has not defected, but rather represents the true Shiv Sena party.<a href="#cite_note-:1-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-article66628047-189">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme court</a> delivered its verdict in May 2023. In its verdict the five-judge constitution bench of the Supreme court ruled that the Maharashtra governor and assembly speaker did not act as per the law.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> However, the court said that it cannot order the restoration of the Uddhav Thackeray government as Thackeray resigned without facing a floor test.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-article66628047-189">[189]</a> Supreme Court also asked the Assembly Speaker to decide on the matter of disqualification of 16 MLAs including Chief Minister Eknath Shinde.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> The case for decision on which faction has rights to use Shiv Sena Name and Symbol is currently being heard by Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> In July 2023, <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pawar" title="Ajit Pawar">Ajit Pawar</a>, and a number of NCP state assembly members joined the Shivsena- BJP government led by Eknath Shinde.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Sharad Pawar, the founder of NCP, has condemned the move and expelled the rebels. Ajit Pawar received support from majority of party legislators and office holders of the party.His faction was declared the official NCP and received the right to use the NCP election symbol of clock by the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Economy of Maharashtra</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:280px; background:#f4f5f6; border:#c6c7c8 solid; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#c2d6e5; text-align:center;">Net state domestic product at factor cost at current prices (2004–05 base)<a href="#cite_note-rbinsdpstat-198">[198]</a> Figures in <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crores</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupees</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Net state domestic product </th></tr> <tr> <td>2004–2005</td> <td>₹3.683 trillion (US$44 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005–2006</td> <td>₹4.335 trillion (US$52 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006–2007</td> <td>₹5.241 trillion (US$63 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007–2008</td> <td>₹6.140 trillion (US$74 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2009</td> <td>₹6.996 trillion (US$84 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009–2010</td> <td>₹8.178 trillion (US$98 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013–2014</td> <td>₹15.101 trillion (US$180 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014–2015</td> <td>₹16.866 trillion (US$200 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021-2022</td> <td>₹31.441 trillion (US$380 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022-2023</td> <td>₹36.458 trillion (US$440 billion) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023-2024</td> <td>₹42.677 trillion (US$510 billion) </td></tr></tbody></table> The economy of Maharashtra is driven by manufacturing, international trade, <a href="/wiki/Mass_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass Media">Mass Media</a> (television, motion pictures, video games, recorded music), aerospace, technology, petroleum, fashion, apparel, and tourism.<a href="#cite_note-India2007-199">[199]</a> Maharashtra is the most industrialised state and has maintained the leading position in the industrial sector in India.<a href="#cite_note-strategies-200">[200]</a> The State is a pioneer in small scale industries.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Mumbai, the capital of the state and the <a href="/wiki/Financial_capital" title="Financial capital">financial capital</a> of India, houses the headquarters of most of the major corporate and financial institutions. India's main <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">stock exchanges</a> and capital market and commodity exchanges are located in Mumbai. The state continues to attract industrial investments from domestic as well as foreign institutions. Maharashtra has the largest proportion of <a href="/wiki/Taxpayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxpayers">taxpayers</a> in India and its share markets transact almost 70% of the country's stocks.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a> dominates the economy of Maharashtra, accounting for 61.4% of the value addition and 69.3% of the value of output in the state.<a href="#cite_note-service-203">[203]</a> The state's per-capita income in 2014 was 40% higher than the all-India average in the same year.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The gross state domestic product (GSDP) at current prices for 2021–22 is estimated at $420 billion and contributes about 14.2% of the GDP. The agriculture and allied activities sector contributes 13.2% to the state's income. In 2012, Maharashtra reported a revenue surplus of ₹1524.9 million (US$24 million), with total revenue of ₹1,367,117 million (US$22 billion) and spending of ₹1,365,592.1 million (US$22 billion).<a href="#cite_note-service-203">[203]</a> Maharashtra is the largest FDI destination of India. FDI inflows in the State since April 2000 to September 2021 totalled ₹9,59,746 crore, which was 28.2% of total FDI inflows at the all-India level. With a total of 11,308 startups, Maharashtra has the highest number of recognised startups in the country. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_Skyline_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mumbai_Skyline_at_Night.jpg/300px-Mumbai_Skyline_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mumbai_Skyline_at_Night.jpg/450px-Mumbai_Skyline_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mumbai_Skyline_at_Night.jpg/600px-Mumbai_Skyline_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="1426" /></a><figcaption>Mumbai is a major contributor to the economy of Maharashtra.</figcaption></figure> Maharashtra contributes 25% of the country's industrial output<a href="#cite_note-wealth-205">[205]</a> and is the most indebted state in the country.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Industrial activity in state is concentrated in Seven districts: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_district" title="Mumbai Suburban district">Mumbai Suburban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_district,_Maharashtra" title="Aurangabad district, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pune_district" title="Pune district">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagpur_district" title="Nagpur district">Nagpur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nashik_district" title="Nashik district">Nashik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-investment-208">[208]</a> Mumbai has the largest share in GSDP (19.5%), both Thane and Pune districts contribute about same in the Industry sector, Pune district contributes more in the agriculture and allied activities sector, whereas Thane district contributes more in the Services sector.<a href="#cite_note-investment-208">[208]</a> Nashik district shares highest in the agricultural and allied activities sector, but is behind in the Industry and Services sectors as compared to Thane and Pune districts.<a href="#cite_note-investment-208">[208]</a> Industries in Maharashtra include chemical and chemical products (17.6%), food and food products (16.1%), refined petroleum products (12.9%), machinery and equipment (8%), textiles (6.9%), basic metals (5.8%), motor vehicles (4.7%) and furniture (4.3%).<a href="#cite_note-Service_sector-209">[209]</a> Maharashtra is the manufacturing hub for some of the largest public sector industries in India, including <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan Petroleum Corporation">Hindustan Petroleum Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Petrodyne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil_India_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil India Ltd">Oil India Ltd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> Maharashtra is the leading Indian state for many <a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a> including <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Crafts">crafts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">R&D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">toys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Game" title="Game">games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Maharashtra has an above-average <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Knowledge industry">knowledge industry</a> in India, with <a href="/wiki/Pune_Metropolitan_Region" title="Pune Metropolitan Region">Pune Metropolitan Region</a> being the leading IT hub in the state. Approximately 25% of the top 500 companies in the IT sector are based in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-IT-211">[211]</a> The state accounts for 28% of the software exports of India.<a href="#cite_note-IT-211">[211]</a> Maharashtra and particularly Mumbai is a prominent location for the Indian entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Mumbai is the largest centre for film and television production and a third of all Indian films are produced in the state. Multimillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> productions, with the most expensive costing up to ₹1.5 billion (US$18 million), are filmed there.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi film">Marathi films</a> used to be previously made primarily in <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a>, but now are produced in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> The state houses important financial institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">SEBI</a> and the corporate <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_companies_headquartered_in_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian companies headquartered in Mumbai">headquarters</a> of numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian companies">Indian companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational corporations">multinational corporations</a>. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like <a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">BARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India">NPCL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rare Earths Limited">IREL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">TIFR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Regulatory_Board" title="Atomic Energy Regulatory Board">AERB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Commission_of_India" title="Atomic Energy Commission of India">AECI</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Atomic Energy (India)">Department of Atomic Energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-investment-208">[208]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Organic_sugar_cane.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Organic_sugar_cane.JPG/220px-Organic_sugar_cane.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Organic_sugar_cane.JPG/330px-Organic_sugar_cane.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Organic_sugar_cane.JPG/440px-Organic_sugar_cane.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Freshly grown <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>. Agriculture is the second leading occupation in Maharashtra.</figcaption></figure> With more than half the population being rural, agriculture and allied industries play an important role in the states's economy and source of income for the rural population.<a href="#cite_note-Kalamkar2011-215">[215]</a> The agriculture and allied activities sector contributes 12.9% to the state's income. Staples such as <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> are the main <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> crops. Important <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crops</a> include <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, oilseeds, tobacco, fruit, vegetables, and spices such as <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>.<a href="#cite_note-farmer-93">[93]</a> Animal husbandry is an important agriculture-related activity. The State's share in the livestock and poultry population in India is about 7% and 10%, respectively. Maharashtra was a pioneer in the development of <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Cooperative" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural Cooperative">Agricultural Cooperative</a> Societies after independence. It was an integral part of the then Governing <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> party's vision of 'rural development with local initiative'. A 'special' status was accorded to the <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> cooperatives and the government assumed the role of a mentor by acting as a stakeholder, guarantor, and regulator,<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-helsinki-218">[218]</a> Apart from sugar, cooperatives play a crucial role in dairy,<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> cotton, and fertiliser industries. The banking sector comprises <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled banks">scheduled</a> and non-scheduled banks.<a href="#cite_note-IT-211">[211]</a> Scheduled banks are of two types, commercial and cooperative. Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in India are classified into five types: <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_India" title="State Bank of India">State Bank of India</a> and its associates, nationalised banks, <a href="/wiki/Private-sector_banks_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Private-sector banks in India">private sector banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Rural_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Rural Bank">Regional Rural Banks</a>, and others (foreign banks). In 2012, there were 9,053 banking offices in the state, of which about 26% were in rural and 54% were in urban areas. Maharashtra has a <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> system, which refers to small-scale financial services extended to the poor in both rural and urban areas. It covers a variety of financial instruments, such as lending, savings, life insurance, and crop insurance.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The three largest urban <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_banking" title="Cooperative banking">cooperative banks</a> in India are all based in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Maharashtra" title="Transport in Maharashtra">Transport in Maharashtra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Maharashtra" title="List of airports in Maharashtra">List of airports in Maharashtra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nashik_Mumbai_NH3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Landscaped four-lane road over rolling terrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nashik_Mumbai_NH3.jpg/220px-Nashik_Mumbai_NH3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nashik_Mumbai_NH3.jpg/330px-Nashik_Mumbai_NH3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nashik_Mumbai_NH3.jpg/440px-Nashik_Mumbai_NH3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Nashik_Expressway" title="Mumbai–Nashik Expressway">Mumbai–Nashik Expressway</a> </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_114_Airport_international_terminal_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mumbai_03-2016_114_Airport_international_terminal_interior.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_114_Airport_international_terminal_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mumbai_03-2016_114_Airport_international_terminal_interior.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_114_Airport_international_terminal_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mumbai_03-2016_114_Airport_international_terminal_interior.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_114_Airport_international_terminal_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4867" data-file-height="2738" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_International_Airport" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport</a> (Mumbai)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/220px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/330px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/440px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A container ship at <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust">Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust</a></div></div></div></div></div> The state has a large, multi-modal transportation system with the largest road network in India.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> In 2011, the total length of surface road in Maharashtra was 267,452 km (166,187 mi);<a href="#cite_note-Highwaylength-223">[223]</a> national highways accounted for 4,176 km (2,595 mi),<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> and state highways 3,700 km (2,300 mi).<a href="#cite_note-Highwaylength-223">[223]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation">Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation</a> (MSRTC) provides economical and reliable passenger road transport service in the public sector.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> These buses, popularly called ST (State Transport), are the preferred mode of transport for much of the populace. Hired forms of transport include metered taxis and <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaws" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto rickshaws">auto-rickshaws</a>, which often ply specific routes in cities. Other district roads and village roads provide villages, accessibility to meet their social needs as well as the means to transport agricultural produce from villages to nearby markets. Major district roads provide a secondary function of linking between main roads and rural roads. Approximately 98% of villages are connected either via the highways or modern roads in Maharashtra. Average speed on state highways varies between 50–60 km/h (31–37 mph) due to the heavy presence of vehicles; in villages and towns, speeds are as low as 25–30 km/h (16–19 mph).<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The first passenger train in India ran from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April 1853.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Rail transportation is run by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Railway_zone" title="Central Railway zone">Central Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_zone" title="Western Railway zone">Western Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Railway_zone" title="South Central Railway zone">South Central Railway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_East_Central_Railway_zone" title="South East Central Railway zone">South East Central Railway</a> zones of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a> with the first two zones being headquartered in Mumbai, at <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a> (CSMT) and <a href="/wiki/Churchgate" title="Churchgate">Churchgate</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Konkan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Railway">Konkan Railway</a> is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-western-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-central-229">[229]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Rajdhani_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Rajdhani Express">Mumbai Rajdhani Express</a>, the fastest <a href="/wiki/Rajdhani_Express" title="Rajdhani Express">Rajdhani</a> train, connects the Indian capital of <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> to Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-rajdhani-230">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thane_railway_station" title="Thane railway station">Thane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">CSMT</a> are the busiest railway stations in India,<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> the latter serving as a terminal for both long-distance trains and commuter trains of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. The two principal seaports, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Port Trust">Mumbai Port</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port">Jawaharlal Nehru Port</a>, which is also in the Mumbai region, are under the control and supervision of the government of India.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> There are around 48 minor ports in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Most of these handle passenger traffic and have a limited capacity. None of the major rivers in Maharashtra are navigable, and thus river transport does not exist in the state.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport">Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport</a> (formerly Bombay International Airport), is the state's largest airport. The four other international airports are <a href="/wiki/Pune_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pune International Airport">Pune International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_International_Airport" title="Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport">Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashik_Airport" title="Nashik Airport">Nashik Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirdi_Airport" title="Shirdi Airport">Shirdi Airport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_Airport" title="Aurangabad Airport">Aurangabad Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_Airport" title="Kolhapur Airport">Kolhapur Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalgaon_Airport" title="Jalgaon Airport">Jalgaon Airport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nanded_Airport" title="Nanded Airport">Nanded Airport</a> are domestic airports in the state. Most of the State's airfields are operated by the <a href="/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India" title="Airports Authority of India">Airports Authority of India</a> (AAI) while <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Infrastructure#Reliance_Airport_Project" title="Reliance Infrastructure">Reliance Airport Developers (RADPL)</a>, currently operates five non-metro airports at <a href="/wiki/Latur_Airport" title="Latur Airport">Latur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanded_Airport" title="Nanded Airport">Nanded</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baramati_Airport" title="Baramati Airport">Baramati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmanabad_Airport" title="Osmanabad Airport">Osmanabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yavatmal_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavatmal airport">Yavatmal</a> on a 95-year lease.<a href="#cite_note-TOI-234">[234]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Airport_Development_Company" title="Maharashtra Airport Development Company">Maharashtra Airport Development Company</a> (MADC) was set up in 2002 to take up development of airports in the state that are not under the AAI or the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Industrial_Development_Corporation" title="Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation">Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation</a> (MIDC). MADC is playing the lead role in the planning and implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Multi-modal_International_Cargo_Hub_and_Airport_at_Nagpur" title="Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur">Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur</a> (MIHAN) project.<a href="#cite_note-MADC-235">[235]</a> Additional smaller airports include <a href="/wiki/Akola_Airport" title="Akola Airport">Akola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amravati_Airport" title="Amravati Airport">Amravati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandrapur_Airport" title="Chandrapur Airport">Chandrapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri_Airport" title="Ratnagiri Airport">Ratnagiri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solapur_Airport" title="Solapur Airport">Solapur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smaller-236">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Metro_Rail_Corporation_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited">Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited</a> (Maha Metro), headquartered in Nagpur is a <a href="/wiki/Joint_Venture" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Venture">Joint Venture</a> establishment of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> & <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>, India. Maha Metro is responsible for the implementation of all Maharashtra state metro projects, except the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a> is operational since 8 June 2014.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Maharashtra" title="Education in Maharashtra">Education in Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_higher_education_institutions_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of higher education institutions in Maharashtra">List of higher education institutions in Maharashtra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Students_of_a_Maharashtra_Primary_School_(9601442866).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Students_of_a_Maharashtra_Primary_School_%289601442866%29.jpg/220px-Students_of_a_Maharashtra_Primary_School_%289601442866%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Students_of_a_Maharashtra_Primary_School_%289601442866%29.jpg/330px-Students_of_a_Maharashtra_Primary_School_%289601442866%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Students_of_a_Maharashtra_Primary_School_%289601442866%29.jpg/440px-Students_of_a_Maharashtra_Primary_School_%289601442866%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Students at a state-run primary school in <a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad district</a></figcaption></figure> Census of 2011 showed literacy rates in the state for males and females were around 88.38% and 75.87% respectively.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Regions that comprise the present day state of Maharashtra have been known for their pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. Scottish missionary <a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(missionary)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wilson (missionary)">John Wilson</a>, American Marathi mission, Indian nationalists such as <a href="/wiki/Vasudev_Balwant_Phadke" title="Vasudev Balwant Phadke">Vasudev Balwant Phadke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a>, social reformers such as <a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhaurao_Patil" title="Bhaurao Patil">Bhaurao Patil</a> played a leading role in the setting up of modern schools and colleges during the British colonial era.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith2012-241">[241]</a> The forerunner of <a href="/wiki/Deccan_College_Post-Graduate_and_Research_Institute" title="Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute">Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute</a> was established in 1821. The <a href="/wiki/Shreemati_Nathibai_Damodar_Thackersey_Women%27s_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University">Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University</a>, the oldest women's liberal arts college in South Asia, started its journey in 1916. <a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Engineering Pune">College of Engineering Pune</a>, established in 1854, is the third oldest college in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_Polytechnic_Nagpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Polytechnic Nagpur">Government Polytechnic Nagpur</a>, established in 1914, is one of the oldest polytechnics in India.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Most of the private colleges including religious and special-purpose institutions were set up in the last thirty years after the State Government of <a href="/wiki/Vasantdada_Patil" title="Vasantdada Patil">Vasantdada Patil</a> liberalised the Education Sector in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_level_education">Primary and secondary level education</h3></div> Schools in the state are either managed by the government or by private trusts, including religious institutions.The medium of instruction in most of the schools is mainly Marathi, English, or Hindi, though <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> is also used. The secondary schools are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a> (CISCE), the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">National Institute of Open School (NIOS)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Board_of_Secondary_and_Higher_Secondary_Education" title="Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education">Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/10%2B2%2B3_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="10+2+3 plan">10+2+3 plan</a>, after completing secondary school, students typically enroll for two years in a <a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">junior college</a>, also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Board_of_Secondary_and_Higher_Secondary_Education" title="Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education">Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education</a> or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams, namely <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">liberal arts</a>, commerce, or science. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enrol in general or professional degree programs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_education">Tertiary education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute_Mumbai.jpg/220px-Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute_Mumbai.jpg/330px-Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute_Mumbai.jpg/440px-Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Founded in 1887, <a href="/wiki/Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute" title="Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute">Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute</a> (VJTI) is one of the oldest engineering colleges in Asia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AFMC_Main_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AFMC_Main_Building.jpg/220px-AFMC_Main_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AFMC_Main_Building.jpg/330px-AFMC_Main_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AFMC_Main_Building.jpg/440px-AFMC_Main_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>Situated in Pune, <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College,_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College, Pune">Armed Forces Medical College, Pune</a> was established in 1948 after the Indian independence.</figcaption></figure> Maharashtra has 24 universities with a turnout of 160,000 Graduates every year.<a href="#cite_note-educational_institute-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-universities-246">[246]</a> Established during the rule of <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="East India Company rule">East India company</a> in 1857 as Bombay University, The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a>, is the largest university in the world in terms of the number of graduates.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> It has 141 affiliated colleges.<a href="#cite_note-colleges-248">[248]</a> According to a report published by The Times Education magazine, 5 to 7 Maharashtra colleges and universities are ranked among the top 20 in India.<a href="#cite_note-top_colleges-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Maharashtra is also home to notable autonomous institutes as <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Bombay">Indian Institute of Technology Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Pune" title="Indian Institute of Information Technology, Pune">Indian Institute of Information Technology Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Engineering Pune">College of Engineering Pune</a> (CoEP), <a href="/wiki/Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_Technological_University" title="Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University">Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Chemical_Technology" title="Institute of Chemical Technology">Institute of Chemical Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homi_Bhabha_National_Institute" title="Homi Bhabha National Institute">Homi Bhabha National Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walchand_College_of_Engineering,_Sangli" title="Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli">Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute" title="Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute">Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute</a> (VJTI), <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel_College_of_Engineering" title="Sardar Patel College of Engineering">Sardar Patel College of Engineering</a> (SPCE).<a href="#cite_note-autonomous_colleges-252">[252]</a> Most of these autonomous institutes are ranked the highest in India and have very competitive entry requirements. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pune">University of Pune</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule_Pune_University" title="Savitribai Phule Pune University">Savitribai Phule Pune University</a>), the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_and_Television_Institute_of_India" title="Film and Television Institute of India">Film and Television Institute of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College,_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College, Pune">Armed Forces Medical College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Chemical_Laboratory" title="National Chemical Laboratory">National Chemical Laboratory</a> were established in Pune soon after the Indian independence in 1947. Mumbai has an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Technology" title="Indian Institutes of Technology">IIT</a>, has <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Industrial_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Industrial Engineering">National Institute of Industrial Engineering</a> and Nagpur has <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Management" title="Indian Institutes of Management">IIM</a> and <a href="/wiki/AIIMS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIIMS">AIIMS</a>. Other notable institutes in the state are: <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_National_Law_University,_Nagpur" title="Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur">Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur</a> (MNLUN), <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_National_Law_University,_Mumbai" title="Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai">Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai</a> (MNLUM), <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_National_Law_University,_Aurangabad" title="Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad">Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad</a> (MNLUA), <a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Mumbai" title="Government Law College, Mumbai">Government Law College, Mumbai</a> (GLC), <a href="/wiki/ILS_Law_College" title="ILS Law College">ILS Law College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_Law_School" title="Symbiosis Law School">Symbiosis Law School</a> (SLS)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PDKV_Akola_-_Agricultural_University.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PDKV_Akola_-_Agricultural_University.png/220px-PDKV_Akola_-_Agricultural_University.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PDKV_Akola_-_Agricultural_University.png/330px-PDKV_Akola_-_Agricultural_University.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PDKV_Akola_-_Agricultural_University.png/440px-PDKV_Akola_-_Agricultural_University.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (Agricultural University) at Akola</figcaption></figure> Agricultural universities include <a href="/wiki/Vasantrao_Naik_Marathwada_Agricultural_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University">Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Phule_Krishi_Vidyapeeth" title="Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth">Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Panjabrao_Deshmukh_Krishi_Vidyapeeth" title="Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth">Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dr._Balasaheb_Sawant_Konkan_Krishi_Vidyapeeth" title="Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth">Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mcaer-253">[253]</a> Regional universities viz. <a href="/wiki/Sant_Gadge_Baba_Amravati_University" title="Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University">Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_Marathwada_University" title="Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University">Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Maharashtra_University" title="North Maharashtra University">North Maharashtra University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shivaji_University" title="Shivaji University">Shivaji University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solapur_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solapur University">Solapur University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramanand_Teerth_Marathwada_University" title="Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University">Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rashtrasant_Tukadoji_Maharaj_Nagpur_University" title="Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University">Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University</a> are established to cover the educational needs at the district levels of the state. <a href="/wiki/Deemed_university" title="Deemed university">deemed universities</a> are established in Maharashtra, including <a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_International_University" title="Symbiosis International University">Symbiosis International University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Social_Sciences" title="Tata Institute of Social Sciences">Tata Institute of Social Sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tilak_Maharashtra_University" title="Tilak Maharashtra University">Tilak Maharashtra University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> Vocational training in different trades such as construction, plumbing, welding, automobile mechanics is offered by post-secondary school <a href="/wiki/Industrial_training_institute" title="Industrial training institute">Industrial Training Institute</a> (ITIs).<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Local <a href="/wiki/Community_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Community colleges">community colleges</a> also exist with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0,%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%2C%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80.jpg/220px-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%2C%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%2C%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80.jpg/330px-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%2C%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%2C%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80.jpg/440px-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%2C%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>A Primary Healthcare centre in the village of Amboli in Pune district</figcaption></figure> Health indicators of Maharashtra show that they have attained relatively high growth against a background of high per capita income (PCI).<a href="#cite_note-PCI-257">[257]</a> In 2011, the health care system in Maharashtra consisted of 363 rural government hospitals,<a href="#cite_note-Hospital_Services-258">[258]</a> 23 district hospitals (with 7,561 beds), 4 general hospitals (with 714 beds) mostly under the Maharashtra <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a>, and 380 private medical establishments; these establishments provide the state with more than 30,000 hospital beds.<a href="#cite_note-women-259">[259]</a> It is the first state in India to have nine women's hospitals serving 1,365 beds.<a href="#cite_note-women-259">[259]</a> The state also has a significant number of medical practitioners who hold the <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Ayurveda,_Medicine_and_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery">Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery</a> qualifications. These practitioners primarily use the traditional Indian therapy of <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, nevertheless, modern western medicine is used as well.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> In Maharashtra as well as in the rest of India, Primary Health Centre (PHC) is part of the government-funded public health system and is the most basic unit of the healthcare system. They are essentially single-physician clinics usually with facilities for minor surgeries, too.<a href="#cite_note-PublicHealthStandards-261">[261]</a> Maharashtra has a life expectancy at birth of 67.2 years in 2011, ranking it <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_life_expectancy_at_birth" title="List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth">third</a> among 29 <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">Indian states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-health-262">[262]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> of the state is 1.9.<a href="#cite_note-Fertility-263">[263]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a> rate is 28 and the <a href="/wiki/Maternal_death" title="Maternal death">maternal mortality</a> ratio is 104 (2012–2013), which are lower than the national averages.<a href="#cite_note-mortality-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-Infant_mortality-265">[265]</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_health_system_in_India" title="Public health system in India">Public health services</a> are governed by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a> (MoHFW), through various departments. The Ministry is divided into two departments: the Public Health Department, which includes family welfare and medical relief, and the Department of Medical Education and Drugs.<a href="#cite_note-public-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-Public_health-267">[267]</a> Health insurance includes any program that helps pay for medical expenses, through privately purchased insurance, <a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">social insurance</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_provision" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare provision">social welfare program</a> funded by the government.<a href="#cite_note-Statistics-268">[268]</a> In a more technical sense, the term is used to describe any form of insurance that protects against the costs of medical services.<a href="#cite_note-diagnostic-269">[269]</a> This usage includes private insurance and social insurance programs such as National Health Mission, which pools resources and spreads the financial risk associated with major medical expenses across the entire population to protect everyone, as well as social welfare programs such as <a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Health_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Health Mission">National Rural Health Mission</a> (NRHM) and the Health Insurance Program, which assist people who cannot afford health coverage.<a href="#cite_note-Statistics-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-diagnostic-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-status-270">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Current_functioning_units_of_CSTPS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Current functioning units of Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Current_functioning_units_of_CSTPS.jpg/220px-Current_functioning_units_of_CSTPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Current_functioning_units_of_CSTPS.jpg/330px-Current_functioning_units_of_CSTPS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Current_functioning_units_of_CSTPS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chandrapur_Super_Thermal_Power_Station" title="Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station">Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station</a>, the state's power production source</figcaption></figure> Although its population makes Maharashtra one of the country's largest energy users,<a href="#cite_note-consumes-271">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thermal-272">[272]</a> conservation mandates, mild weather in the largest population centres, and strong environmental movements have kept its per capita energy use to one of the smallest of any Indian state.<a href="#cite_note-Regulatory-273">[273]</a> The high electricity demand of the state constitutes 13% of the total installed electricity generation capacity in India, which is derived mainly from fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahavitaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahavitaran">Mahavitaran</a> is responsible for the distribution of electricity throughout the state by buying power from Mahanirmiti, captive power plants, other state electricity boards, and private sector power generation companies.<a href="#cite_note-Regulatory-273">[273]</a> As of 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharashtra&action=edit">[update]</a>, Maharashtra was the largest power generating state in India, with an installed electricity generation capacity of 26,838 MW.<a href="#cite_note-Thermal-272">[272]</a> The state forms a major constituent of the western grid of India, which now comes under the North, East, West and North Eastern (NEWNE) grids of India.<a href="#cite_note-consumes-271">[271]</a> Maharashtra Power Generation Company (MAHAGENCO) operates <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_station" title="Thermal power station">thermal power plants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> In addition to the state government-owned power generation plants, there are privately owned power generation plants that transmit power through the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Electricity_Transmission_Company" title="Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company">Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company</a>, which is responsible for the transmission of electricity in the state.<a href="#cite_note-power_supply-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_protection_and_sustainability">Environmental protection and sustainability</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Maharashtra Pollution Control Board">Maharashtra Pollution Control Board</a> (MPCB) is established and responsible for implementing various environmental legislations in the state principally including the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Cess) Act, 1977 and some of the provisions under Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules framed there under it including, Biomedical Waste (M&H) Rules, 1998, Hazardous Waste (M&H) Rules, 2000, and Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000. MPCB is functioning under the administrative control of the Environment Department of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MPCB-277">[277]</a> The Maharashtra Plastic and Thermocol Products ban became effective as law on 23 June 2018, subjecting plastic users to fines and potential imprisonment for repeat offenders.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Culture of Maharashtra">Culture of Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_State_Protected_Monuments_in_Maharashtra" title="List of State Protected Monuments in Maharashtra">List of State Protected Monuments in Maharashtra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharashtrian_Thali_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maharashtrian_Thali_2.JPG/220px-Maharashtrian_Thali_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maharashtrian_Thali_2.JPG/330px-Maharashtrian_Thali_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maharashtrian_Thali_2.JPG/440px-Maharashtrian_Thali_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Maharashtrian vegetarian Thali</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Kolhapuri_Misal_Pav.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Special_Kolhapuri_Misal_Pav.jpg/220px-Special_Kolhapuri_Misal_Pav.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Special_Kolhapuri_Misal_Pav.jpg/330px-Special_Kolhapuri_Misal_Pav.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Special_Kolhapuri_Misal_Pav.jpg/440px-Special_Kolhapuri_Misal_Pav.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Misal Paav, a popular dish from Maharashtra</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian cuisine</a></div> Maharashtrian cuisine includes a variety of dishes ranging from mild to very spicy ones. Wheat, rice, <a href="/wiki/Jowar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jowar">jowar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bajri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajri">bajri</a>, vegetables, lentils and fruit form <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> of the Maharashtrian diet. Some of the popular traditional dishes include <a href="/wiki/Puran_poli" title="Puran poli">puran poli</a>, ukdiche <a href="/wiki/Modak" title="Modak">modak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalipeeth" title="Thalipeeth">Thalipeeth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Khatau2004-280">[280]</a> Street food items like <a href="/wiki/Batata_wada" class="mw-redirect" title="Batata wada">Batata wada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misal_Pav" class="mw-redirect" title="Misal Pav">Misal Pav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pav_Bhaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Pav Bhaji">Pav Bhaji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a> are very popular among the locals and are usually sold on stalls and in small hotels.<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-281">[281]</a> Meals (mainly lunch and dinner) are served on a plate called <a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">thali</a>. Each food item served on the thali is arranged in a specific way. All non-vegetarian and vegetarian dishes are eaten with boiled rice, <a href="/wiki/Chapati" title="Chapati">chapatis</a> or with <a href="/wiki/Bhakri" title="Bhakri">bhakris</a>, made of jowar, bajra or rice flours. A typical vegetarian thali is made of <a href="/wiki/Chapati" title="Chapati">chapati</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bhakri" title="Bhakri">bhakri</a> (Indian flat bread), <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a>, rice (varan bhaat), amti, <a href="/wiki/Bhaji" title="Bhaji">bhaji</a> or <a href="/wiki/Usal" title="Usal">usal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutney</a>, koshimbir (salad) and <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a> or Sol kadhi. A bhaji is a vegetable dish made of a particular vegetable or combination of vegetables. Aamti is variant of the curry, typically consisting of a lentil (tur) stock, flavoured with goda masala and sometimes with tamarind or amshul, and <a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a> (gul).<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> Varan is nothing but plain <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a>, a common Indian lentil stew. More or less, most of the dishes use coconut, onion, garlic, ginger, red chili powder, green chilies, and mustard though some section of the population traditionally avoid onion and garlics.<a href="#cite_note-Annathali-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-cuisine-281">[281]</a> Maharashtrian cuisine varies with the regions. Traditional <a href="/wiki/Malvani_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvani Konkani">Malvani</a> (Konkani), Kolhapuri, and Varhadhi dishes are examples of well known regional cuisines.<a href="#cite_note-Annathali-283">[283]</a> Kolhapur is famous for Tambda Pandhra rassa, a dish made of either chicken or mutton.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Rice and seafood are the staple foods of the coastal Konkani people. Among seafood, the most popular is a fish variety called the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_duck" title="Bombay duck">Bombay duck</a> (also known as bombil in Marathi).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attire">Attire</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_woman_in_traditional_Maharashtrian_saree_IMG_20221211_131250_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_woman_in_traditional_Maharashtrian_saree_IMG_20221211_131250_%281%29.jpg/126px-A_woman_in_traditional_Maharashtrian_saree_IMG_20221211_131250_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_woman_in_traditional_Maharashtrian_saree_IMG_20221211_131250_%281%29.jpg/189px-A_woman_in_traditional_Maharashtrian_saree_IMG_20221211_131250_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/A_woman_in_traditional_Maharashtrian_saree_IMG_20221211_131250_%281%29.jpg/252px-A_woman_in_traditional_Maharashtrian_saree_IMG_20221211_131250_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A woman in <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> wearing traditional Maharashtrian Nauvari lugada (nine-yard sari)</figcaption></figure> Traditionally, Marathi women commonly wore the <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a>, often distinctly designed according to local cultural customs.<a href="#cite_note-Costumes-285">[285]</a> Most middle-aged and young women in urban Maharashtra dress in western outfits such as skirts and trousers or <a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">shalwar kameez</a> with the traditionally <a href="/wiki/Kasta_sari#Nauvari" title="Kasta sari">nauvari</a> or nine-yard <a href="/wiki/Kasta_sari" title="Kasta sari">lugade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> disappearing from the markets due to a lack of demand.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKher2003-287">[287]</a> Older women wear the five-yard sari. In urban areas, the five-yard sari, especially the <a href="/wiki/Paithani" title="Paithani">Paithani</a>, is worn by younger women for special occasions such as marriages and religious ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> Among men, western dressing has greater acceptance. Men also wear traditional costumes such as the <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pheta_(turban)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pheta (turban)">pheta</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> on cultural occasions. The <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_cap" title="Gandhi cap">Gandhi cap</a> is the popular headgear among older men in rural Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-Costumes-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-tradition-291">[291]</a> Women wear traditional jewellery derived from Maratha and Peshwa dynasties. <a href="/wiki/Kolhapuri_saaj" title="Kolhapuri saaj">Kolhapuri saaj</a>, a special type of necklace, is also worn by Marathi women.<a href="#cite_note-Costumes-285">[285]</a> In urban areas, western attire is dominant amongst women and men.<a href="#cite_note-tradition-291">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> Maharashtra and Maharashtrian artists have been influential in preserving and developing <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani classical music</a> for more than a century. Notable practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Kirana_gharana" title="Kirana gharana">Kirana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gwalior_gharana" title="Gwalior gharana">Gwalior</a> style called Maharashtra their home. The <a href="/wiki/Sawai_Gandharva_Bhimsen_Festival" title="Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival">Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival</a> in Pune started by <a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a> in the 1950s is considered the most prestigious Hindustani music festival in India, if not one of the largest.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Cities like Kolhapur and Pune have been playing a major role in the preservation of music like <a href="/wiki/Bhavageet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhavageet">Bhavageet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natya_Sangeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Natya Sangeet">Natya Sangeet</a>, which are inherited from Indian classical music. The biggest form of Indian <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> is songs from films produced in Mumbai. Film music, in 2009 made up 72% of the music sales in India.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> Many the influential music composers and singers have called Mumbai their home.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In recent decades, the music scene in Maharashtra, and particularly in Mumbai has seen a growth of newer music forms such as rap.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> The city also holds festivals in western music genres such as <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Blues_Festival" title="Mahindra Blues Festival">blues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Orchestra_of_India" title="Symphony Orchestra of India">Symphony Orchestra of India</a> was founded, housed at the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts_(India)" title="National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)">NCPA</a> in Mumbai. It is today the only professional symphony orchestra in India and presents two concert seasons per year, with world-renowned conductors and soloists.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Maharashtra has a long and rich tradition of folk music. Some of the most common forms of folk music in practice are Bhajan, Bharud, Kirtan, Gondhal,<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> and Koli Geet.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lavani_Dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lavani_Dancers.jpg/220px-Lavani_Dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lavani_Dancers.jpg/330px-Lavani_Dancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lavani_Dancers.jpg/440px-Lavani_Dancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Lavani performance</figcaption></figure> Marathi dance forms draw from folk traditions. <a href="/wiki/Lavani" title="Lavani">Lavani</a> is popular form of dance in the state. The Bhajan, Kirtan and <a href="/wiki/Abhang" title="Abhang">Abhangas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a> sect (Vaishanav Devotees) have a long history and are part of their daily rituals.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koli_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koli dance (page does not exist)">Koli dance</a> (called 'Koligeete') is among the most popular dances of Maharashtra. As the name suggests, it is related to the fisher folk of Maharashtra, who are called <a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli</a>. Popular for their unique identity and liveliness, their dances represent their occupation. This type of dance is represented by both men and women. While dancing, they are divided into groups of two. These fishermen display the movements of waves and casting of the nets during their koli dance performances.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marathi_theatre" title="Marathi theatre">Marathi theatre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vijay_Tendulkar_.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Vijay_Tendulkar_.jpeg/220px-Vijay_Tendulkar_.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Vijay_Tendulkar_.jpeg/330px-Vijay_Tendulkar_.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Vijay_Tendulkar_.jpeg/440px-Vijay_Tendulkar_.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Playwright <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Tendulkar" title="Vijay Tendulkar">Vijay Tendulkar</a></figcaption></figure> Modern Theatre in Maharashtra can trace its origins to the British colonial era in the middle of the 19th century. It is modelled mainly after the western tradition but also includes forms like <a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Natak" title="Sangeet Natak">Sangeet Natak</a> (musical drama). In recent decades, Marathi <a href="/wiki/Tamasha" title="Tamasha">Tamasha</a> has also been incorporated in some experimental plays.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> The repertoire of Marathi theatre ranges from humorous social plays, <a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">farces</a>, historical plays, and musical, to experimental plays and serious drama. Marathi Playwrights such as <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Tendulkar" title="Vijay Tendulkar">Vijay Tendulkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Laxman_Deshpande" title="Purushottam Laxman Deshpande">Purushottam Laxman Deshpande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Elkunchwar" title="Mahesh Elkunchwar">Mahesh Elkunchwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratnakar_Matkari" title="Ratnakar Matkari">Ratnakar Matkari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Satish_Alekar" title="Satish Alekar">Satish Alekar</a> have influenced theatre throughout India.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> Besides Marathi theatre, Maharashtra and particularly, Mumbai, has had a long tradition of theatre in other languages such as Gujarati, Hindi, and English.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts_(India)" title="National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)">National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCP)</a> is a multi-venue, multi-purpose cultural centre in Mumbai which hosts events in music, dance, theatre, film, literature, and photography from India as well other places. It also presents new and innovative work in the performing arts field.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suresh_Joshi_with_P_L_Deshpandey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Suresh_Joshi_with_P_L_Deshpandey.jpg/220px-Suresh_Joshi_with_P_L_Deshpandey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Suresh_Joshi_with_P_L_Deshpandey.jpg/330px-Suresh_Joshi_with_P_L_Deshpandey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Suresh_Joshi_with_P_L_Deshpandey.jpg/440px-Suresh_Joshi_with_P_L_Deshpandey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>P L Deshpande (at centre), one of the most popular authors in Marathi language</figcaption></figure> Maharashtra's regional literature is about the lives and circumstances of <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a> in specific parts of the state. The Marathi language, which boasts a rich literary heritage, is written in the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> The earliest instance of Marathi literature is <a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwari" title="Dnyaneshwari">Dnyaneshwari</a>, a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita by 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> Saint <a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Dnyaneshwar</a> and devotional poems called <a href="/wiki/Abhang" title="Abhang">abhangs</a> by his contemporaries such as <a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namdev</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gora_Kumbhar" title="Gora Kumbhar">Gora Kumbhar</a>. Devotional literature from the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a> includes compositions in praise of the God <a href="/wiki/Pandurang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandurang">Pandurang</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> saints such as <a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> by <a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Ramdas</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Singh-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> 19th century <a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi literature</a> includes mainly <a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">Polemic</a> works of social and political activists such as <a href="/wiki/Balshastri_Jambhekar" title="Balshastri Jambhekar">Balshastri Jambhekar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vishnushastri_Krushnashastri_Chiplunkar" title="Vishnushastri Krushnashastri Chiplunkar">Vishnushastri Krushnashastri Chiplunkar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Keshavasuta" title="Keshavasuta">Keshavasuta</a> was a pioneer in modern Marathi poetry. The <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> proponent, <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a> was a prolific writer. His work in English and Marathi consists of many essays, two novels, poetry, and plays. Four Marathi writers have been honoured with the <a href="/wiki/Jnanpith_Award" title="Jnanpith Award">Jnanpith Award</a>, India's highest literary award. They include novelists, <a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Sakharam_Khandekar" title="Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar">Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhalchandra_Nemade" title="Bhalchandra Nemade">Bhalchandra Nemade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kusumagraj" title="Kusumagraj">Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar</a> (Kusumagraj) and <a href="/wiki/Vinda_Karandikar" title="Vinda Karandikar">Vinda Karandikar</a>. The last two were known for their poetry as well.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> Other notable writers from the early and mid 20th century include playwright <a href="/wiki/Ram_Ganesh_Gadkari" title="Ram Ganesh Gadkari">Ram Ganesh Gadkari</a>, novelist <a href="/wiki/Hari_Narayan_Apte" title="Hari Narayan Apte">Hari Narayan Apte</a>, poet, and novelist <a href="/wiki/B._S._Mardhekar" title="B. S. Mardhekar">B. S. Mardhekar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Sane" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Sane">Pandurang Sadashiv Sane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyankatesh_Madgulkar" title="Vyankatesh Madgulkar">Vyankatesh Madgulkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Keshav_Atre" title="Pralhad Keshav Atre">Pralhad Keshav Atre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Tryambak_Khanolkar" title="Chintamani Tryambak Khanolkar">Chintamani Tryambak Khanolkar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Shastri_Joshi" title="Lakshman Shastri Joshi">Lakshman Shastri Joshi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vishwas_Patil" title="Vishwas Patil">Vishwas Patil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Desai" title="Ranjit Desai">Ranjit Desai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shivaji_Sawant" title="Shivaji Sawant">Shivaji Sawant</a> are known for novels based on Maratha history. P. L. Deshpande gained popularity in the period after independence for depicting the urban middle class society. His work includes humour, travelogues, plays, and biographies.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> <a href="/wiki/Narayan_Gangaram_Surve" title="Narayan Gangaram Surve">Narayan Gangaram Surve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanta_Shelke" title="Shanta Shelke">Shanta Shelke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durga_Bhagwat" title="Durga Bhagwat">Durga Bhagwat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suresh_Bhat" title="Suresh Bhat">Suresh Bhat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Jadhav" title="Narendra Jadhav">Narendra Jadhav</a> are some of the more recent authors. <a href="/wiki/Dalit_literature" title="Dalit literature">Dalit literature</a> originally emerged in the Marathi language as a literary response to the everyday oppressions of caste in mid-twentieth-century independent India, critiquing caste practices by experimenting with various literary forms.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> In 1958, the term "Dalit literature" was used for the first conference of Maharashtra Dalit Sahitya Sangha (Maharashtra Dalit Literature Society) in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> Maharashtra, and particularly the cities in the state such as Mumbai and Pune are diverse with different languages being spoken. Mumbai is called home by writers in English such as <a href="/wiki/Rohinton_Mistry" title="Rohinton Mistry">Rohinton Mistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shobha_De" class="mw-redirect" title="Shobha De">Shobha De</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>. Their novels are set with Mumbai as the backdrop.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> Many eminent <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Award_winners_for_Urdu" title="List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Urdu">Urdu poets</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Kaifi_Azmi" title="Kaifi Azmi">Kaifi Azmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Nisar_Akhtar" title="Jan Nisar Akhtar">Jan Nisar Akhtar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulzar" title="Gulzar">Gulzar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Javed_Akhtar" title="Javed Akhtar">Javed Akhtar</a> have been residents of Mumbai. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi cinema</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amitabh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amitabh.jpg/128px-Amitabh.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amitabh.jpg/192px-Amitabh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amitabh.jpg/256px-Amitabh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>, called "the biggest film star in the world".<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></figcaption></figure> Maharashtra is a prominent location for the Indian entertainment industry, with enormous films, television series, books, and other media production companies being set there.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> Mumbai has numerous film production studios and facilities to produce films.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> Mainstream <a href="/wiki/Hindi_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi films">Hindi films</a> are popular in Maharashtra, especially in urban areas. Mumbai is the largest centre for film and television production and a third of all Indian films are produced in the state. Multimillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> productions, with the most expensive costing up to ₹1.5 billion (US$18 million), are filmed there.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> The first Indian feature-length film, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Harishchandra" title="Raja Harishchandra">Raja Harishchandra</a>, was made in Maharashtra by <a href="/wiki/Dadasaheb_Phalke" title="Dadasaheb Phalke">Dadasaheb Phalke</a> in 1913.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> Phalke is widely considered the father of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Indian cinema</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dadasaheb_Phalke_Award" title="Dadasaheb Phalke Award">Dadasaheb Phalke Award</a> is India's highest award in cinema, given annually by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> for lifetime contribution to <a href="/wiki/Indian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian cinema">Indian cinema</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dadasahebdff-321">[321]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Marathi_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi film">Marathi film</a> industry, initially located in Kolhapur, has spread throughout Mumbai. Well known for its <a href="/wiki/Art_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Art films">art films</a>, the early Marathi film industry included acclaimed directors such as Dadasaheb Phalke, <a href="/wiki/V._Shantaram" title="V. Shantaram">V. Shantaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Thakur" title="Raja Thakur">Raja Thakur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhalji_Pendharkar" title="Bhalji Pendharkar">Bhalji Pendharkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Keshav_Atre" title="Pralhad Keshav Atre">Pralhad Keshav Atre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baburao_Painter" title="Baburao Painter">Baburao Painter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dada_Kondke" title="Dada Kondke">Dada Kondke</a>. Some of the directors who made acclaimed films in Marathi are <a href="/wiki/Jabbar_Patel" title="Jabbar Patel">Jabbar Patel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Manjrekar" title="Mahesh Manjrekar">Mahesh Manjrekar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amol_Palekar" title="Amol Palekar">Amol Palekar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Surkar" title="Sanjay Surkar">Sanjay Surkar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Durga_Khote" title="Durga Khote">Durga Khote</a> was one of the first women from respectable families to enter the film industry, thus breaking a social taboo.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lalita_Pawar" title="Lalita Pawar">Lalita Pawar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulabha_Deshpande" title="Sulabha Deshpande">Sulabha Deshpande, and</a> <a href="/wiki/Usha_Kiran" title="Usha Kiran">Usha Kiran</a> featured in Hindi and Marathi movies. In 70s and 80s, <a href="/wiki/Smita_Patil" title="Smita Patil">Smita Patil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranjana_Deshmukh" title="Ranjana Deshmukh">Ranjana Deshmukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reema_Lagoo" title="Reema Lagoo">Reema Lagoo</a> featured in both art and mainstream movies in Hindi and Marathi. <a href="/wiki/Rohini_Hattangadi" title="Rohini Hattangadi">Rohini Hattangadi</a> starred in a number of acclaimed movies, and is the only Indian actress to win the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role</a> for her performance as <a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Gandhi" title="Kasturba Gandhi">Kasturba Gandhi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a> (1982).<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhanu_Athaiya" title="Bhanu Athaiya">Bhanu Athaiya</a> was the first Indian to win an Oscar in <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a> category for <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a> (1982).<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> In 90s and 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Urmila_Matondkar" title="Urmila Matondkar">Urmila Matondkar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit" title="Madhuri Dixit">Madhuri Dixit</a> starred in critically acclaimed and high grossing films in Hindi and Marathi.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In earliest days of Marathi cinema, <a href="/wiki/Suryakant_Mandhare" title="Suryakant Mandhare">Suryakant Mandhare</a> was a leading star.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> In later years, <a href="/wiki/Shriram_Lagoo" title="Shriram Lagoo">Shriram Lagoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilu_Phule" title="Nilu Phule">Nilu Phule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Gokhale" title="Vikram Gokhale">Vikram Gokhale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dilip_Prabhavalkar" title="Dilip Prabhavalkar">Dilip Prabhavalkar</a> played character roles in theatre, and Hindi and Marathi films. <a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Deo" title="Ramesh Deo">Ramesh Deo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohan_Joshi" title="Mohan Joshi">Mohan Joshi</a> played leading men in Mainstream Marathi movies.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> In 70s and 80s, <a href="/wiki/Sachin_Pilgaonkar" title="Sachin Pilgaonkar">Sachin Pilgaonkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashok_Saraf" title="Ashok Saraf">Ashok Saraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laxmikant_Berde" title="Laxmikant Berde">Laxmikant Berde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Kothare" title="Mahesh Kothare">Mahesh Kothare</a> created a "comedy film wave" in Marathi Cinema.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Times_of_India,_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Times_of_India%2C_Mumbai.jpg/220px-Times_of_India%2C_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Times_of_India%2C_Mumbai.jpg/330px-Times_of_India%2C_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Times_of_India%2C_Mumbai.jpg/440px-Times_of_India%2C_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Times of India building in Mumbai</figcaption></figure> The state is home to more than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines. The publishing industry employs more than 250,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> There are number of Marathi news channels in the state viz <a href="/wiki/News18_Lokmat" title="News18 Lokmat">News18 Lokmat</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABP_Majha" title="ABP Majha">ABP Majha</a>. As of December 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharashtra&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakal" title="Sakal">Sakal</a>, published in Pune and other major cities, is the largest circulated Marathi Newspaper in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Other major Marathi newspapers include <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Times" title="Maharashtra Times">Maharashtra Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loksatta" title="Loksatta">Loksatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nava_Kaal" title="Nava Kaal">Nava Kaal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pudhari" title="Pudhari">Pudhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokmat" title="Lokmat">Lokmat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakal" title="Sakal">Sakal</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Saptahik Sakal, Grihashobhika, Lokrajya, Lokprabha, and Chitralekha are some of the prominent Marathi magazines.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> English language newspapers are confined to urban areas. Some popular among these are <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_%26_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News & Analysis">Daily News & Analysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, Hindustan Times, <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Mirror" title="Mumbai Mirror">Mumbai Mirror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Age">Asian Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiD-DAY" class="mw-redirect" title="MiD-DAY">MiD-DAY</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Free_Press_Journal" title="The Free Press Journal">The Free Press Journal</a>. Some prominent financial dailies like <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mint_(newspaper)" title="Mint (newspaper)">Mint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Financial_Express_(India)" title="The Financial Express (India)">The Financial Express</a> are widely circulated.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> Many newspapers in other Indian languages such as <a href="/wiki/Nava_Bharat" title="Nava Bharat">Nava Bharat</a> in Hindi, <a href="/wiki/Udayavani" title="Udayavani">Udayavani</a> in Kannada, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Samachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Samachar">Mumbai Samachar</a> in Gujarati, and <a href="/wiki/The_Inquilab" title="The Inquilab">The Inquilab</a> in Urdu have Mumbai editions.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> The television industry in Maharashtra has been contributing significantly in the state's economy.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a>, a state-owned television broadcaster runs a channel named <a href="/wiki/DD_Sahyadri" title="DD Sahyadri">DD Sahyadri</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Indian</a> and international television channels can be watched in Maharashtra through one of the <a href="/wiki/Pay-tv" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay-tv">Pay TV</a> companies or the local cable television provider. The four major Indian <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_network" title="Broadcast network">broadcast networks</a> are all headquartered in Maharashtra: <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Group" title="The Times Group">The Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/STAR_India" class="mw-redirect" title="STAR India">STAR India</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN-IBN" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN-IBN">CNN-IBN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zee_Entertainment_Enterprises" title="Zee Entertainment Enterprises">ZEEL</a>. <a href="/wiki/Multi_system_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi system operator">Multi-system operators</a> provide a range of Marathi, Bengali, Nepali, Hindi, English, and international channels via <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>. There are number of entertainment channels that exclusively streams content in Marathi including <a href="/wiki/Zee_Marathi" title="Zee Marathi">Zee Marathi</a>, Zee Yuva, <a href="/wiki/Colors_Marathi" title="Colors Marathi">Colors Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Pravah" title="Star Pravah">Star Pravah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Marathi" title="Sony Marathi">Sony Marathi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fakt_Marathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakt Marathi">Fakt Marathi</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> airs its content through multiple channels including Air Marathi, FM Gold, and FM Rainbow. Air India's commercially successful air channel <a href="/wiki/Vividh_Bharti" class="mw-redirect" title="Vividh Bharti">Vividh Bharti</a> is headquartered in Mumbai. Private radio stations like <a href="/wiki/Big_92.7_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Big 92.7 FM">Big 92.7 FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Radio Mirchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_93.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM 93.5">Red FM</a>, Vasundhara Vahini, Radio Dhamaal 24, and My FM air in all major cities.<a href="#cite_note-Radio-336">[336]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSNL" class="mw-redirect" title="BSNL">BSNL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jio" title="Jio">Jio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Idea" title="Vodafone Idea">VI</a> networks provide cellular services and have covered most of the Maharashtra. Broadband internet is available in most of the towns, villages, and cities, provided by the state-run <a href="/wiki/MTNL" class="mw-redirect" title="MTNL">MTNL</a> and <a href="/wiki/BSNL" class="mw-redirect" title="BSNL">BSNL</a> and by other private companies.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Maharashtra" title="Sports in Maharashtra">Sports in Maharashtra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cricket_in_Maharashtra" title="Category:Cricket in Maharashtra">Sport of cricket in Maharashtra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_Chinawal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cricket_Chinawal.jpg/220px-Cricket_Chinawal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cricket_Chinawal.jpg/330px-Cricket_Chinawal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cricket_Chinawal.jpg/440px-Cricket_Chinawal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Children playing cricket in a farm outside the village of <a href="/wiki/Chinawal" title="Chinawal">Chinawal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jalgaon_district" title="Jalgaon district">Jalgaon district</a></figcaption></figure> Cricket is the most popular spectator sport in Maharashtra. It is played as an exercise and recreational activity. Maharashtra is represented by three teams in Domestic Cricket namely <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_cricket_team" title="Maharashtra cricket team">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_cricket_team" title="Mumbai cricket team">Mumbai</a> and Vidarbha cricket team. These teams are governed by <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Cricket_Association" title="Maharashtra Cricket Association">Maharashtra cricket association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Cricket_Association" title="Mumbai Cricket Association">Mumbai Cricket Association</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_Cricket_Association" title="Vidarbha Cricket Association">Vidarbha Cricket Association</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-MCA-338">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-VCA-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-Popular-340">[340]</a> <a href="#cite_note-341">[a]</a> Governing body of Cricket in India, BCCI, has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Churchgate" title="Churchgate">Churchgate</a>, Mumbai. The state also has Indian Premier League (IPL) franchise Mumbai Indians based in Mumbai which plays its home matches at <a href="/wiki/Wankhede_Stadium" title="Wankhede Stadium">Wankhede Stadium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brabourne_Stadium" title="Brabourne Stadium">Brabourne Stadium</a>, Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai and <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha_Cricket_Association_Stadium" title="Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium">New VCA Stadium</a>, Nagpur are international cricket stadiums, which are the venues for international cricket.<a href="#cite_note-Brabourne-342">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wankhede-343">[342]</a> At <a href="/wiki/2023_National_Games_of_India" title="2023 National Games of India">2023 National games</a>, Maharashtra won highest number of medals among the states and was first in the total medals tally behind <a href="/wiki/Services_Sports_Control_Board" title="Services Sports Control Board">Services</a>. Maharashtra won 228 total medals, of which are 80 gold medals.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">Kushti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mallakhamba" title="Mallakhamba">Mallakhamba</a> are some of the traditional games that are played in the state. <a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">Kusti</a> and bullock cart races are popular in rural areas of South-west Maharashtra, are organised by villagers during the annual <a href="/wiki/Jatra_(Maharashtra)" title="Jatra (Maharashtra)">fairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> Amateur wrestling tournaments <a href="/wiki/Hind_Kesari" title="Hind Kesari">Hind Kesari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Kesari" title="Maharashtra Kesari">Maharashtra Kesari</a> are held annually.<a href="#cite_note-kushti-348">[347]</a> Badminton, Volleyball, Tennis are played as a recreational activity in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> The beaches of Konkan coast, mountains of the Western Ghats, and the lakes formed by numerous dams in the state facilitate adventure sports such as paragliding, rock climbing, trekking, mountaineering, water sports, and scuba diving and are popular among visitors.<a href="#cite_note-Atithtya-351">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-adventure-353">[352]</a> India's only world class Tennis championship <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Open" title="Maharashtra Open">Maharashtra Open</a> tennis championship are annually organised in Pune by governing body of tennis in the state, 'Maharashtra Lawn Tennis Association' (MLTA). The tournament is part of <a href="/wiki/ATP_Tour_250" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP Tour 250">ATP Tour 250</a>.<a href="#cite_note-354">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a> Mumbai and Pune hold <a href="/wiki/Derby_(horse_race)" title="Derby (horse race)">derby</a> races at the <a href="/wiki/Mahalaxmi_Racecourse" title="Mahalaxmi Racecourse">Mahalaxmi Racecourse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pune_Race_Course" title="Pune Race Course">Pune Race Course</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-race-357">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-racecourse-358">[356]</a> Various domestic level leagues for field hockey, chess, tennis, and badminton are organised throughout the state.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Maharashtra#Dubious" title="Talk:Maharashtra">discuss</a>]<a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_football_team" title="Maharashtra football team">Maharashtra football team</a> represents the state in the <a href="/wiki/Santosh_Trophy" title="Santosh Trophy">Santosh Trophy</a>, football tournament. Many national-level football club are based in this state, such as <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Tigers_FC" title="Mumbai Tigers FC">Mumbai Tigers FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenkre_FC" title="Kenkre FC">Kenkre FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Mumbai_FC" title="Bengal Mumbai FC">Bengal Mumbai FC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Air_India_FC" title="Air India FC">Air India FC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-clubs-360">[358]</a> Two clubs from the state participate in <a href="/wiki/Elite_Football_League_of_India" title="Elite Football League of India">Elite Football League of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-indiatimes1-361">[359]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Gladiators" title="Mumbai Gladiators">Mumbai Gladiators</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pune_Marathas_(American_football)" title="Pune Marathas (American football)">Pune Marathas</a> are teams based in Mumbai and Pune respectively.<a href="#cite_note-362">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a> <a href="/wiki/Puneri_Paltan" title="Puneri Paltan">Puneri Paltan</a>, <a href="/wiki/U_Mumba" title="U Mumba">U Mumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabbadi</a>, league teams are based in Pune and Mumbai respectively. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Maharashtra" title="Tourism in Maharashtra">Tourism in Maharashtra</a></div> Maharashtra has a number of places that attracts national and international tourists. The most popular or well known are Mumbai city, <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora</a> caves and the Nature reserves in the state.<a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a> Ajanta–Ellora are the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>. Mumbai, being the biggest and the most cosmopolitan city in India, attracts tourists from all over the world for its many attractions including colonial architecture, beaches, <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>, shopping, and an active nightlife.<a href="#cite_note-365">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a> The city attracts three million foreign and forty million domestic tourists annually. The state wants to increase the numbers by allowing retailers and entertainment venues to be open 24-hours a day, seven days a week.<a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a> Pune city, along with <a href="/wiki/MTDC" class="mw-redirect" title="MTDC">MTDC</a>, organises many cultural events during Pune festival which coincides with the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganeshotsav festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[369]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hill_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill stations">Hill stations</a> built during the British rule are popular tourist destinations, especially during the summer months.These include <a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar" title="Mahabaleshwar">Mahabaleshwar</a>, Lonavala, and <a href="/wiki/Matheran" title="Matheran">Matheran</a> in Western Maharashtra, and <a href="/wiki/Chikhaldara" title="Chikhaldara">Chikhaldara</a> in the Vidarbha region.<a href="#cite_note-372">[370]</a> The mountainous districts of Western Maharashtra are dotted with the ruins of hundreds of mountain forts from the Deccan Sultanate and the Maratha empire eras. These forts and the surrounding hills are popular among people interested in trekking, and hiking, and <a href="/wiki/Heritage_tourism" title="Heritage tourism">heritage tourism</a> related to Shivaji. Notable forts popular with tourists include <a href="/wiki/Shivneri_Fort" title="Shivneri Fort">Shivaneri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajgad_Fort" title="Rajgad Fort">Rajgad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinhagad" title="Sinhagad">Sinhagad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raigad_Fort" title="Raigad Fort">Raigad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pratapgad_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratapgad Fort">Pratapgad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[371]</a> A number of temples such as <a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Shiva_Temple" title="Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple">Trimbakeshwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulja_Bhavani_Temple" title="Tulja Bhavani Temple">Bhavani</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tuljapur" title="Tuljapur">Tuljapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shani_Shingnapur" title="Shani Shingnapur">Shani Shingnapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jyotiba_Temple" title="Jyotiba Temple">Jyotiba Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashtavinayaka" title="Ashtavinayaka">Ashtavinayaka</a> <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganapati</a> temples, <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Lord Pandurang</a> temple at <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a> attract a huge number of Hindu devotees every year. <a href="/wiki/Khandoba_Temple,_Jejuri" title="Khandoba Temple, Jejuri">Khandoba temple</a> of God <a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jejuri" title="Jejuri">Jejuri</a> in the Pune district attract pilgrims from all over the Maharashtra where worshippers shower each other with Bhandar (turmaric powder).<a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Saibaba</a> temple at <a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a> is visited by an average of 25,000 pilgrims a day and during religious festivals, this number can reach up to 300,000.<a href="#cite_note-375">[373]</a> The places associated with the <a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Warkari</a> sect such as <a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehu" title="Dehu">Dehu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a> remain popular throughout the year, and attract huge number of people from all over the state during religious observations.<a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a> Situated in Nanded, Sikh Gurudwara of <a href="/wiki/Hazur_Sahib_Nanded" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazur Sahib Nanded">Hazur Sahib</a>, also known as Takht Sachkhand Sri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib, is one of the <a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht">five takhts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>. The area around the city of Aurangabad has many ancient and medieval sites including the UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora</a> caves, the <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort" title="Daulatabad Fort">Daulatabad Fort</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bibi_Ka_Maqbara" title="Bibi Ka Maqbara">Bibi Ka Maqbara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> The Vidarbha region of Maharashtra has numerous nature reserve parks. These include <a href="/wiki/Melghat_Tiger_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Melghat Tiger Reserve">Melghat Tiger Reserve</a> in Amravati district, <a href="/wiki/Tadoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadoba">Tadoba</a>-Andhari Tiger Reserve in Chandrapur district,<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a> Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary in Nagpur district, the <a href="/wiki/Nagzira" title="Nagzira">Nagzira</a> wildlife sanctuary, and <a href="/wiki/Navegaon_National_Park" title="Navegaon National Park">Navegaon National Park</a> (bird sanctuary) of Gondia District. According to a survey by the government of Maharashtra, in 2009–10, domestic tourists accounted for 98% of the total number of visitors to Maharashtra and the remaining were foreign.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-379">[377]</a> Visitors from the US, UK, Germany, and UAE each form a significant percentage of the foreign tourists.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-379">[377]</a> The state government has established the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Tourism_Development_Corporation" title="Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation">Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation</a> (MTDC) for the systematic development and promotion of tourism in the state. MTDC owns and maintains resorts at all key tourist centres.<a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_Downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Night-time skyline of Downtown Mumbai at Nariman Point"><img alt="Night-time skyline of Downtown Mumbai at Nariman Point" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_Downtown.jpg/259px-Mumbai_Downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_Downtown.jpg/389px-Mumbai_Downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_Downtown.jpg/519px-Mumbai_Downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="625" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Night-time skyline of Downtown Mumbai at <a href="/wiki/Nariman_Point" title="Nariman Point">Nariman Point</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ganeshotsav festival in Pune"><img alt="Ganeshotsav festival in Pune" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg/241px-Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg/362px-Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg/482px-Dagdushet_Halwai_Ganpati_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="436" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ganeshotsav" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganeshotsav">Ganeshotsav</a> festival in Pune</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khandoba mandir of Lord Khandoba in Jejuri"><img alt="Khandoba mandir of Lord Khandoba in Jejuri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg/264px-Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg/396px-Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg/527px-Khandoba_temple_Pune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5704" data-file-height="3896" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Khandoba_Temple,_Jejuri" title="Khandoba Temple, Jejuri">Khandoba mandir</a> of Lord <a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jejuri" title="Jejuri">Jejuri</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Venna_Lake,_Mahabaleshwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venna Lake at Mahabaleshwar"><img alt="Venna Lake at Mahabaleshwar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Venna_Lake%2C_Mahabaleshwar.jpg/270px-Venna_Lake%2C_Mahabaleshwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Venna_Lake%2C_Mahabaleshwar.jpg/405px-Venna_Lake%2C_Mahabaleshwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Venna_Lake%2C_Mahabaleshwar.jpg/540px-Venna_Lake%2C_Mahabaleshwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Venna Lake at <a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar" title="Mahabaleshwar">Mahabaleshwar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:TigresswithCubs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Tigers at Tadoba Tiger reserve"><img alt="Indian Tigers at Tadoba Tiger reserve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/TigresswithCubs.jpg/320px-TigresswithCubs.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/TigresswithCubs.jpg/480px-TigresswithCubs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/TigresswithCubs.jpg/640px-TigresswithCubs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3234" data-file-height="1819" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Tigers">Indian Tigers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tadoba_Andhari_Tiger_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadoba Andhari Tiger Project">Tadoba Tiger reserve</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandharpur_Vithoba_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pandharpur, a Hindu pilgrimage centre in the state"><img alt="Pandharpur, a Hindu pilgrimage centre in the state" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pandharpur_Vithoba_temple.jpg/240px-Pandharpur_Vithoba_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pandharpur_Vithoba_temple.jpg/360px-Pandharpur_Vithoba_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pandharpur_Vithoba_temple.jpg/480px-Pandharpur_Vithoba_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a>, a Hindu pilgrimage centre in the state</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maratha_dynasties_and_states" title="List of Maratha dynasties and states">List of Maratha dynasties and states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Maharashtra" title="List of people from Maharashtra">List of people from Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">List of districts of Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_villages_in_Maharashtra" title="Category:Lists of villages in Maharashtra">List of villages of Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_Maharashtra" title="List of synagogues in Maharashtra">List of synagogues in Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Maharashtra_by_population" title="List of cities in Maharashtra by population">List of cities in Maharashtra by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Make in Maharashtra">Make in Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Maharashtra" title="Religion in Maharashtra">Religion in Maharashtra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> Mumbai Cricket Association control governs cricket in Mumbai district, Palghar district and Thane districts and select players for their <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_cricket_team" title="Mumbai cricket team">Mumbai cricket team</a> from these areas only. </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> Maharashtra Open is the only ATP championship in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroomodisha.com/iconic-jai-jai-maharashtra-maza-proclaimed-new-state-song/">"Iconic 'Jai Jai Maharashtra Maza' proclaimed new State Song"</a>. 31 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iconic+%27Jai+Jai+Maharashtra+Maza%27+proclaimed+new+State+Song&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroomodisha.com%2Ficonic-jai-jai-maharashtra-maza-proclaimed-new-state-song%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerry_PintoNaresh_Fernandes2003" class="citation book cs1">Jerry Pinto; Naresh Fernandes (2003). <a rel="nofollow" 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Retrieved 23 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Divya+Marathi&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%27%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%27%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft.au=Bhushan+Kale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com%2Fnews%2FAmravati%2F5540%2FMAH-VID-AMR-first-time-in-mumbai-to-nagpur-air-conditioner-bus-started-new-s-4834760-NOR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/in">"India"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217015152/https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/in">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1342">"Western Ghats"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005101805/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1342/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Western+Ghats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maharashtra_data-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Maharashtra_data_22-0">^</a> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrabhuSarker1992" class="citation cs2">Prabhu, K. Seeta; Sarker, P.C. (5 September 1992), "Identification of Levels of Development: Case of Maharashtra", <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a>, 26 (36): 1927–1937, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4398849">4398849</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Levels+of+Development%3A+Case+of+Maharashtra&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=1927-1937&rft.date=1992-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4398849%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-9976&rft.aulast=Prabhu&rft.aufirst=K.+Seeta&rft.au=Sarker%2C+P.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPletcher2010" class="citation book cs1">Pletcher, Kenneth (1 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GdKcAAAAQBAJ&q=Delhi+is+a+commercial+hub+of+india">The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places Understanding India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Britannica_Educational_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica Educational Publishing">Britannica Educational Publishing</a>. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-615-30202-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-615-30202-4"><bdi>978-1-615-30202-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 11 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+India%3A+Sacred+and+Historic+Places+Understanding+India&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=Britannica+Educational+Publishing&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-615-30202-4&rft.aulast=Pletcher&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGdKcAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DDelhi%2Bis%2Ba%2Bcommercial%2Bhub%2Bof%2Bindia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundar2009" class="citation journal cs1">Sundar, K.R. Shyam (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1080&context=intl">"Current State and Evolution of Industrial Relations in Maharashtra"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>: 8–30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318141347/https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1080&context=intl">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Labour+Organization&rft.atitle=Current+State+and+Evolution+of+Industrial+Relations+in+Maharashtra&rft.pages=8-30&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Sundar&rft.aufirst=K.R.+Shyam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1080%26context%3Dintl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/maharashtras-2025-agenda-why-states-1-trillion-gdp-target-could-make-it-indias-growth-engine/1218608/">"Maharashtra's 2025 agenda: Why state's $1 trillion GDP target could make it India's growth engine"</a>. Financial Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624235107/https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/maharashtras-2025-agenda-why-states-1-trillion-gdp-target-could-make-it-indias-growth-engine/1218608/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Express&rft.atitle=Maharashtra%27s+2025+agenda%3A+Why+state%27s+%241+trillion+GDP+target+could+make+it+India%27s+growth+engine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Feconomy%2Fmaharashtras-2025-agenda-why-states-1-trillion-gdp-target-could-make-it-indias-growth-engine%2F1218608%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiswas2023" class="citation web cs1">Biswas, Soutik (17 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65606770.amp">"Maharashtra, India's richest state"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517234451/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65606770.amp">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Maharashtra%2C+India%27s+richest+state.&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft.aulast=Biswas&rft.aufirst=Soutik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-65606770.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-11/india-s-richest-state-ranked-nation-s-top-performer-study-shows%23:~:text%3DIndia%27s%2520richest%2520province%2520of%2520Maharashtra,on%2520finances%2520and%2520social%2520indicators.&ved=2ahUKEwjM-qqxrYH_AhVc8DgGHem5CP0QFnoECA4QBQ&usg=AOvVaw24znC3yopG6YzCXmcbQKMG">"India's richest province of Maharashtra is the nation's best performer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=India%27s+richest+province+of+Maharashtra+is+the+nation%27s+best+performer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-01-11%2Findia-s-richest-state-ranked-nation-s-top-performer-study-shows%2523%3A~%3Atext%253DIndia%2527s%252520richest%252520province%252520of%252520Maharashtra%2Con%252520finances%252520and%252520social%252520indicators.%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjM-qqxrYH_AhVc8DgGHem5CP0QFnoECA4QBQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw24znC3yopG6YzCXmcbQKMG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maharashtra_PC-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Maharashtra_PC_25-0">^</a> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanning_Commission_of_the_Government_of_India2007" class="citation book cs1">Planning Commission of the Government of India (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ohvu8D3LbgC&q=Maharashtra+richest+states">Maharashtra, Development Report</a>. Academic Foundation. p. 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-171-88540-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-171-88540-4"><bdi>978-8-171-88540-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maharashtra%2C+Development+Report&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-8-171-88540-4&rft.au=Planning+Commission+of+the+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ohvu8D3LbgC%26q%3DMaharashtra%2Brichest%2Bstates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhandari_Laveesh2009" class="citation book cs1">Bhandari Laveesh (2009). Indian States at a Glance 2008-09: Performance, Facts And Figures – Maharashtra. 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Maharashtra is a leader among Indian states in terms of agricultural and industrial production, trade and transport, and education.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maharashtra&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Mookerjee&rft.aufirst=Sitanshu&rft.au=Wanmali%2C+Sudhir+Vyankatesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMaharashtra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> —<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundar2009" class="citation journal cs1">Sundar, K.R. 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Centre for Economic Data & Analysis. 23 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018. 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Economic and Political Weekly, 36(14/15), 1226–1234. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4410485">http://www.jstor.org/stable/4410485</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531210505/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4410485">Archived</a> 31 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBijapur.htm">"Bijapur (Adil Shah Dynasty)"</a>. The History Files, United Kingdom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141023234150/http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBijapur.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2014. 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Retrieved 12 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bijapur+%28Vijapura%29%2C+the+historic+city&rft.pub=Bijapur+district+administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bijapur.nic.in%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-54"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson1976" class="citation journal cs1">Pearson, M. N. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053980">"Shivaji and the Decline of the Mughal Empire"</a>. The Journal of Asian Studies. 35 (2): 221–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2053980">10.2307/2053980</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9118">0021-9118</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053980">2053980</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162482005">162482005</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307154047/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2053980">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Shivaji+and+the+Decline+of+the+Mughal+Empire&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-235&rft.date=1976&rft.issn=0021-9118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162482005%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2053980%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2053980&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=M.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2053980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2020" class="citation journal cs1">Osborne, Eric (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592318.2020.1764711?journalCode=fswi20">"The Ulcer of the Mughal Empire: Mughals and Marathas, 1680-1707"</a>. Small Wars & Insurgencies. 31 (5): 988–1009. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09592318.2020.1764711">10.1080/09592318.2020.1764711</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-2318">0959-2318</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221060782">221060782</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Ulcer+of+the+Mughal+Empire%3A+Mughals+and+Marathas%2C+1680-1707&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=988-1009&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221060782%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0959-2318&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09592318.2020.1764711&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F09592318.2020.1764711%3FjournalCode%3Dfswi20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1993" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Stewart (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marathas-16001818/1098497E96D2AFA760D18DB311A91C80">The Marathas 1600–1818</a>. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1, 3–4, 71–75, 114, 115–125, 133, 138–139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26883-7"><bdi>978-0-521-26883-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812073109/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marathas-16001818/1098497E96D2AFA760D18DB311A91C80">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marathas+1600%E2%80%931818&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India&rft.pages=1%2C+3-4%2C+71-75%2C+114%2C+115-125%2C+133%2C+138-139&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26883-7&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fmarathas-16001818%2F1098497E96D2AFA760D18DB311A91C80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSridharan2000" class="citation book cs1">Sridharan, K. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9PiwJF7V4EQC&q=kanhoji+angre&pg=PA43">Sea: Our Saviour</a>. New Age International (P) Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1245-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1245-1"><bdi>978-81-224-1245-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170150/https://books.google.com/books?id=9PiwJF7V4EQC&q=kanhoji+angre&pg=PA43#v=snippet&q=kanhoji%20angre&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sea%3A+Our+Saviour&rft.pub=New+Age+International+%28P%29+Ltd.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1245-1&rft.aulast=Sridharan&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9PiwJF7V4EQC%26q%3Dkanhoji%2Bangre%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNehru2008" class="citation book cs1">Nehru, Jawaharlal (1 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HAgDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22India+contains+no+more+than+two+great+powers,+British+and+Maratha,+and+every+other+state+acknowledges+the+influence+of+one+or+the+other.+Every+inch+that+we+recede+will+be+occupied+by+them.%22&pg=PT466">Discovery of India</a>. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-85990-05-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-85990-05-2"><bdi>978-93-85990-05-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230901115939/https://books.google.com/books?id=_HAgDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22India+contains+no+more+than+two+great+powers,+British+and+Maratha,+and+every+other+state+acknowledges+the+influence+of+one+or+the+other.+Every+inch+that+we+recede+will+be+occupied+by+them.%22&pg=PT466">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+India&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India+Private+Limited&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.isbn=978-93-85990-05-2&rft.aulast=Nehru&rft.aufirst=Jawaharlal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_HAgDQAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522India%2Bcontains%2Bno%2Bmore%2Bthan%2Btwo%2Bgreat%2Bpowers%2C%2BBritish%2Band%2BMaratha%2C%2Band%2Bevery%2Bother%2Bstate%2Backnowledges%2Bthe%2Binfluence%2Bof%2Bone%2Bor%2Bthe%2Bother.%2BEvery%2Binch%2Bthat%2Bwe%2Brecede%2Bwill%2Bbe%2Boccupied%2Bby%2Bthem.%2522%26pg%3DPT466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/selectionsfromp01metcgoog/selectionsfromp01metcgoog_djvu.txt">"Full text of "Selections from the papers of Lord Metcalfe; late governor-general of India, governor of Jamaica, and governor-general of Canada""</a>. archive.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326232147/https://archive.org/stream/selectionsfromp01metcgoog/selectionsfromp01metcgoog_djvu.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+%22Selections+from+the+papers+of+Lord+Metcalfe%3B+late+governor-general+of+India%2C+governor+of+Jamaica%2C+and+governor-general+of+Canada%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fselectionsfromp01metcgoog%2Fselectionsfromp01metcgoog_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rathod1994-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Rathod1994_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._G._Rathod1994" class="citation book cs1">N. G. Rathod (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&pg=PA180">The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia</a>. Sarup & Sons. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85431-52-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85431-52-9"><bdi>978-81-85431-52-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101080935/https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&pg=PA180">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Maratha+Mahadaji+Scindia&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-85431-52-9&rft.au=N.+G.+Rathod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuPq640stHJ0C%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2010" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Yogesh (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTTGWSme30YC&q=maratha+dhulap+navy&pg=PA66">Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India</a>. Primus Books. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-00-9"><bdi>978-93-80607-00-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328171208/https://books.google.com/books?id=FTTGWSme30YC&q=maratha+dhulap+navy&pg=PA66#v=snippet&q=maratha%20dhulap%20navy&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coastal+Histories%3A+Society+and+Ecology+in+Pre-modern+India&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-93-80607-00-9&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Yogesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTTGWSme30YC%26q%3Dmaratha%2Bdhulap%2Bnavy%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell1997-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Russell1997_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._V._Russell1997" class="citation book cs1">R. V. Russell (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6h2Gm1gPZZQC&pg=PT8">The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India (Volumes I and II)</a>. Library of Alexandria. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-8294-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4655-8294-2"><bdi>978-1-4655-8294-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101080935/https://books.google.com/books?id=6h2Gm1gPZZQC&pg=PT8">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tribes+and+Castes+of+the+Central+Provinces+of+India+%28Volumes+I+and+II%29&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-4655-8294-2&rft.au=R.+V.+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6h2Gm1gPZZQC%26pg%3DPT8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChhabra2004" class="citation book cs1">Chhabra, G. S. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzZzFm4pLWQC&q=poona++police+crime+presidency+court+judge+jury+-taylor+-jstor&pg=PA1">Advanced study in the history of modern India</a> ([3rd ed.] ed.). New Delhi: Lotus Press. pp. 24–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8189093075" title="Special:BookSources/978-8189093075"><bdi>978-8189093075</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170304/https://books.google.com/books?id=OzZzFm4pLWQC&q=poona++police+crime+presidency+court+judge+jury+-taylor+-jstor&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=poona%20%20police%20crime%20presidency%20court%20judge%20jury%20-taylor%20-jstor&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+study+in+the+history+of+modern+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=24-25&rft.edition=%5B3rd+ed.%5D&rft.pub=Lotus+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-8189093075&rft.aulast=Chhabra&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzZzFm4pLWQC%26q%3Dpoona%2B%2Bpolice%2Bcrime%2Bpresidency%2Bcourt%2Bjudge%2Bjury%2B-taylor%2B-jstor%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffe2015" class="citation book cs1">Jaffe, James (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SfoGBwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9">Ironies of Colonial Governance: Law, Custom and Justice in Colonial India</a>. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University press. pp. 68–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107087927" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107087927"><bdi>978-1107087927</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170258/https://books.google.com/books?id=SfoGBwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ironies+of+Colonial+Governance%3A+Law%2C+Custom+and+Justice+in+Colonial+India&rft.place=Cambridge+UK&rft.pages=68-96&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1107087927&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfoGBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadia1897" class="citation book cs1">Wadia, Sorab P. N. (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/institutiontria00wadigoog">The institution of trial by jury in India</a>. University of Michigan. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/institutiontria00wadigoog/page/n39">29</a>–30. <q>jury poona.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+institution+of+trial+by+jury+in+India&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Wadia&rft.aufirst=Sorab+P.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finstitutiontria00wadigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitzman2008" class="citation book cs1">Heitzman, James (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cityinsouthasia0000heit">The city in South Asia</a> (1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cityinsouthasia0000heit/page/125">125</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415574266" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415574266"><bdi>978-0415574266</bdi></a>. <q>pune.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+city+in+South+Asia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=125&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0415574266&rft.aulast=Heitzman&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcityinsouthasia0000heit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxEIAQAAIAAJ&q=gazetteer+famine+poona&pg=PA85">Gazetteer of The Bombay Presidency: Poona (Part 2)</a>. Government Central press. 1885. p. 156. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170116/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxEIAQAAIAAJ&q=gazetteer+famine+poona&pg=PA85#v=snippet&q=gazetteer%20famine%20poona&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+The+Bombay+Presidency%3A+Poona+%28Part+2%29&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Government+Central+press&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxEIAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dgazetteer%2Bfamine%2Bpoona%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxEIAQAAIAAJ&q=gazetteer+famine+poona&pg=PA85">"Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (2 PTS.)"</a>. 1885. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170116/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxEIAQAAIAAJ&q=gazetteer+famine+poona&pg=PA85#v=snippet&q=gazetteer%20famine%20poona&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+the+Bombay+Presidency%3A+Poona+%282+PTS.%29&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxEIAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dgazetteer%2Bfamine%2Bpoona%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeer1997" class="citation book cs1">Keer, Dhananjay (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PFY9fz68KEsC&pg=PA1">Mahatma Jotirao Phooley: father of the Indian social revolution</a> ([New ed.]. ed.). Bombay: Popular Prakashan. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-066-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-066-2"><bdi>978-81-7154-066-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170116/https://books.google.com/books?id=PFY9fz68KEsC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahatma+Jotirao+Phooley%3A+father+of+the+Indian+social+revolution.&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=24&rft.edition=%5BNew+ed.%5D.&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-7154-066-2&rft.aulast=Keer&rft.aufirst=Dhananjay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPFY9fz68KEsC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaregal2002" class="citation book cs1">Naregal, Veena (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vm7OD7aSq-4C&q=poona+missionary+schools+colonial+india&pg=PR8">Language politics, elites, and the public sphere: western India under colonialism</a>. London: Anthem Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1843310549" title="Special:BookSources/978-1843310549"><bdi>978-1843310549</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328171203/https://books.google.com/books?id=vm7OD7aSq-4C&q=poona+missionary+schools+colonial+india&pg=PR8#v=snippet&q=poona%20missionary%20schools%20colonial%20india&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+politics%2C+elites%2C+and+the+public+sphere%3A+western+India+under+colonialism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1843310549&rft.aulast=Naregal&rft.aufirst=Veena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvm7OD7aSq-4C%26q%3Dpoona%2Bmissionary%2Bschools%2Bcolonial%2Bindia%26pg%3DPR8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Mutalik, Maitreyee. "Review of Body Snatching to Body Donation: Past and Present: A Comprehensive Update., Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2015 July; 6(3): (B) 428 – 439" </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanna2012" class="citation book cs1">Ramanna, Mridula (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mm14U_6JVwoC&q=mridula+ramanna&pg=PR7">Health care in Bombay Presidency, 1896–1930</a>. Delhi: Primus Books. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789380607245" title="Special:BookSources/9789380607245"><bdi>9789380607245</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328171215/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mm14U_6JVwoC&q=mridula+ramanna&pg=PR7#v=snippet&q=mridula%20ramanna&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. 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New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788125018780" title="Special:BookSources/9788125018780"><bdi>9788125018780</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328171204/https://books.google.com/books?id=0FobxiflfVQC&q=%22seva+sadan%22+ranade&pg=PA256#v=snippet&q=%22seva%20sadan%22%20ranade&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intersections%3A+socio-cultural+trends+in+Maharashtra&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Orient+Longman&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9788125018780&rft.aulast=Kosambi&rft.aufirst=Meera&rft.au=Feldhaus%2C+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0FobxiflfVQC%26q%3D%2522seva%2Bsadan%2522%2Branade%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavan2013" class="citation book cs1">Chavan, Dilip (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zuIxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PR7">Language politics under colonialism : caste, class and language pedagogy in western India</a>. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1443842501" title="Special:BookSources/978-1443842501"><bdi>978-1443842501</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328171205/https://books.google.com/books?id=zuIxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PR7#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+politics+under+colonialism+%3A+caste%2C+class+and+language+pedagogy+in+western+India&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1443842501&rft.aulast=Chavan&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzuIxBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavan2013" class="citation book cs1">Chavan, Dilip (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zuIxBwAAQBAJ&q=pune+standard+dialect&pg=PA148">Language politics under colonialism : caste, class and language pedagogy in western India</a> (1st ed.). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. pp. 136–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1443842501" title="Special:BookSources/978-1443842501"><bdi>978-1443842501</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170745/https://books.google.com/books?id=zuIxBwAAQBAJ&q=pune+standard+dialect&pg=PA148#v=snippet&q=pune%20standard%20dialect&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+politics+under+colonialism+%3A+caste%2C+class+and+language+pedagogy+in+western+India&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.pages=136-184&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1443842501&rft.aulast=Chavan&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzuIxBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpune%2Bstandard%2Bdialect%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeo1996" class="citation book cs1">Deo, Shripad D. (1996). Natarajan, Nalini (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&q=pune+culture+theatre+movies&pg=PA207">Handbook of twentieth century literatures of India</a> (1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Greenwood Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313287787" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313287787"><bdi>978-0313287787</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328170651/https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&q=pune+culture+theatre+movies&pg=PA207">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. 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Academic Foundation. pp. 45–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-057-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-057-7"><bdi>978-81-7188-057-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Change%3A+Lexical+Diffusion+and+Literacy&rft.pages=45-58&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-057-7&rft.au=Rajyashree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8Ben0lE61msC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Tucker, R., 1976. Hindu Traditionalism and Nationalist Ideologies in Nineteenth-Century Maharashtra. 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Retrieved 29 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Uddhav+Thackeray+resigns+as+Maharashtra+chief+minister+hours+ahead+of+trust+vote&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fuddhav-thackeray-maharashtra-cm-floor-test-101656518180649.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_187-1">b</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/eknath-shinde-to-take-oath-as-maharashtra-chief-minister-at-730-pm-today-announces-devendra-fadnavis">"Eknath Shinde to take oath as Maharashtra Chief Minister at 7:30 pm today, announces Devendra Fadnavis"</a>. Free Press Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630112048/https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/eknath-shinde-to-take-oath-as-maharashtra-chief-minister-at-730-pm-today-announces-devendra-fadnavis">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Press+Journal&rft.atitle=Eknath+Shinde+to+take+oath+as+Maharashtra+Chief+Minister+at+7%3A30+pm+today%2C+announces+Devendra+Fadnavis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepressjournal.in%2Fmumbai%2Feknath-shinde-to-take-oath-as-maharashtra-chief-minister-at-730-pm-today-announces-devendra-fadnavis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-political-crisis-news-live-updates-shiv-sena-eknath-shinde-supreme-court-uddhav-thackeray-7993148/">"Maharashtra political crisis Live Updates: Devendra Fadnavis names Eknath Shinde as Maharashtra CM"</a>. The Indian Express. 30 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629175427/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-political-crisis-news-live-updates-shiv-sena-eknath-shinde-supreme-court-uddhav-thackeray-7993148/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2022. 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The Indian Express. 30 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630112048/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-swearing-in-live-updates-devendra-fadnavis-eknath-shinde-uddhav-thackeray-8000901/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Maharashtra+swearing-in+ceremony+Live+Updates%3A+Eknath+Shinde+to+be+Maharashtra+CM%2C+Fadnavis+announces&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fmumbai%2Fmaharashtra-swearing-in-live-updates-devendra-fadnavis-eknath-shinde-uddhav-thackeray-8000901%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-political-crisis-live-updates-june-30/liveblog/92555023.cms">"Maharashtra Political Crisis LIVE Updates: Eknath Shinde takes oath as chief minister of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis as deputy CM"</a>. The Times of India. 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Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=Eknath+Shinde+Takes+Oath+As+Chief+Minister%2C+Devendra+Fadnavis+His+Deputy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Feknath-shinde-is-new-maharashtra-chief-minister-oath-at-7-30-pm-3115030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_188-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNETWORK2023" class="citation web cs1">NETWORK, LIVELAW NEWS (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/shiv-sena-case-supreme-court-constitution-bench-reserves-judgment-uddhav-thackeray-eknath-shinde-maharashtra-223929">"Shiv Sena Case : Supreme Court Constitution Bench Reserves Judgment"</a>. www.livelaw.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323153836/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/shiv-sena-case-supreme-court-constitution-bench-reserves-judgment-uddhav-thackeray-eknath-shinde-maharashtra-223929">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2023. 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The Hindu. 10 July 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726001049/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-to-hear-on-july-31-uddhav-thackerays-plea-to-quash-eci-order-giving-shiv-sena-name-symbol-to-maharashtra-cm-eknath-shinde-faction/article67062999.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023. 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Maharashtra Heritage news portal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marathiheritage.com/cuisine.html">the original</a> on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marathiheritage.com&rft.atitle=Cuisine+of+Maharashtra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marathiheritage.com%2Fcuisine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://food.ndtv.com/recipes/indian-recipes">"Maharashtra Recipes"</a>. food.ndtv.com. NDTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225091730/http://food.ndtv.com/recipes/indian-recipes">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=food.ndtv.com&rft.atitle=Maharashtra+Recipes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffood.ndtv.com%2Frecipes%2Findian-recipes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Annathali-283">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annathali_283-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annathali_283-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=MaharashtraCuisine.html">"Maharashtrian food"</a>. maharashtratourism.gov.in/. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913102952/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=MaharashtraCuisine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maharashtratourism.gov.in%2F&rft.atitle=Maharashtrian+food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maharashtratourism.gov.in%2FMTDC%2FHTML%2FMaharashtraTourism%2FDefault.aspx%3Fstrpage%3DMaharashtraCuisine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarathé2009" class="citation book cs1">Marathé, Kaumudi (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ao5QwAACAAJ">The Essential Marathi Cookbook</a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306802-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306802-0"><bdi>978-0-14-306802-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Marathi+Cookbook&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-14-306802-0&rft.aulast=Marath%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Kaumudi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Ao5QwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Costumes-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Costumes_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Costumes_285-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Costumes_285-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maharashtratourism.net/culture-lifestyle/costumes/">"Costumes of Maharashtra"</a>. Maharashtra Tourism. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723041108/http://www.maharashtratourism.net/culture-lifestyle/costumes/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Costumes+of+Maharashtra&rft.pub=Maharashtra+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maharashtratourism.net%2Fculture-lifestyle%2Fcostumes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhurye1995" class="citation book cs1">Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1995) [1966]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=irh9dvlLz3MC&q=ghurye+costume&pg=PR5">Indian Costume</a> (2nd ed.). Bombay: Popular Prakashan. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-403-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-403-5"><bdi>978-81-7154-403-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Costume&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=186&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-7154-403-5&rft.aulast=Ghurye&rft.aufirst=Govind+Sadashiv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dirh9dvlLz3MC%26q%3Dghurye%2Bcostume%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKher2003-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKher2003_287-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKher2003">Kher 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKher2003" class="citation news cs1">Kher, Swati (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301122101/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=69578">"Bid farewell to her"</a>. Indian Express, Mumbai Newsline. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=69578">the original</a> on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bid+farewell+to+her&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kher&rft.aufirst=Swati&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcities.expressindia.com%2Ffullstory.php%3Fnewsid%3D69578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhurye1995" class="citation book cs1">Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1995) [1966]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=irh9dvlLz3MC&q=ghurye+costume&pg=PR5">Indian Costume</a> (2nd ed.). Bombay: Popular Prakashan. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-403-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-403-5"><bdi>978-81-7154-403-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Costume&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=177&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-7154-403-5&rft.aulast=Ghurye&rft.aufirst=Govind+Sadashiv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dirh9dvlLz3MC%26q%3Dghurye%2Bcostume%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhanu2004" class="citation book cs1">Bhanu, B.V. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&q=%22gandhi+cap%22+maharashtra+men+headgear&pg=PA1033">People of India: Maharashtra, Part 2</a>. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan. pp. 1033, 1037, 1039. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7991-101-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7991-101-3"><bdi>978-81-7991-101-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328172828/https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&q=%22gandhi+cap%22+maharashtra+men+headgear&pg=PA1033#v=snippet&q=%22gandhi%20cap%22%20maharashtra%20men%20headgear&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+of+India%3A+Maharashtra%2C+Part+2&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pages=1033%2C+1037%2C+1039&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7991-101-3&rft.aulast=Bhanu&rft.aufirst=B.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBsBEgVa804IC%26q%3D%2522gandhi%2Bcap%2522%2Bmaharashtra%2Bmen%2Bheadgear%26pg%3DPA1033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tradition-291">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tradition_291-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tradition_291-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028002852/http://www.marathiheritage.com/costumes.html">"Traditional costumes of Maharashtra"</a>. Marathi Heritage Organisation. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127131800/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8405891.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Plans+to+start+India+music+awards&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.aulast=Pinglay&rft.aufirst=Prachi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F8405891.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta2020" class="citation journal cs1">Datta, Jayanti (July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postscriptum.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/pS5.iiJayanti.pdf">"A New Sense of the Sacred"</a> (PDF). PostScriptum (ii): 234–245. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2456-7507">2456-7507</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214024005/https://postscriptum.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/pS5.iiJayanti.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PostScriptum&rft.atitle=A+New+Sense+of+the+Sacred&rft.issue=ii&rft.pages=234-245&rft.date=2020-07&rft.issn=2456-7507&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Jayanti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostscriptum.co.in%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F08%2FpS5.iiJayanti.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> Gupta, D.R., Paper 11: Special Interest Tourism Module 22: Musical Festivals and Events (Doctoral dissertation, Central University of Jammu). </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnamachari2018" class="citation news cs1">Krishnamachari, Suganthy (16 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/music-for-all-occasions/article24705745.ece">"The Gondhala music of Maharashtra"</a>. The Hindu. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204030642/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/music-for-all-occasions/article24705745.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+Gondhala+music+of+Maharashtra&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Krishnamachari&rft.aufirst=Suganthy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-for-all-occasions%2Farticle24705745.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelliotBerntsen1988" class="citation book cs1">Zelliot, Eleanor; Berntsen, Maxine (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/experienceofhind00zell">The Experience of Hinduism : essays on religion in Maharashtra</a>. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/experienceofhind00zell/page/174">174</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-662-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-662-7"><bdi>978-0-88706-662-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 May 2016. <q>gondhali maharashtra.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Experience+of+Hinduism+%3A+essays+on+religion+in+Maharashtra&rft.place=Albany%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-662-7&rft.aulast=Zelliot&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.au=Berntsen%2C+Maxine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexperienceofhind00zell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2003" class="citation book cs1">Kumar, Raj, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wwwX6DWfn3gC&q=shastriya+sangeet+maharashtra&pg=PP9">Essays on Indian music</a>. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7141-719-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7141-719-3"><bdi>978-81-7141-719-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Indian+music&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Discovery+Pub.+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7141-719-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwwwX6DWfn3gC%26q%3Dshastriya%2Bsangeet%2Bmaharashtra%26pg%3DPP9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandpe2011" class="citation news cs1">Mandpe, Asha (10 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/Vibrant-colours-of-Maharashtras-folk-dances/articleshow/7674251.cms">"Vibrant colours of Maharashtra"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Group" title="The Times Group">The Times Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031005217/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/Vibrant-colours-of-Maharashtras-folk-dances/articleshow/7674251.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Vibrant+colours+of+Maharashtra&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft.aulast=Mandpe&rft.aufirst=Asha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fthane%2FVibrant-colours-of-Maharashtras-folk-dances%2Farticleshow%2F7674251.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714073004/http://www.marathiheritage.com/dance.html">"Dances of Maharashtra"</a>. marathiheritage.com/. Maharashtra Heritage news portal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marathiheritage.com/dance.html">the original</a> on 14 July 2014. 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Retrieved 20 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garland+encyclopedia+of+world+music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=726-730&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1&rft.aulast=ed&rft.aufirst=Alison+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZOlNv8MAXIEC%26q%3D%2522classical%2Bmusic%2522%2Bmaharashtra%26pg%3DPA457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDharwadker2009" class="citation book cs1">Dharwadker, Aparna Bhargava (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mLQaz-12Eo8C&pg=PA378">Theatres of Independence: Drama, Theory, and Urban Performance in India Since 1947</a>. University of Iowa Press. pp. 314 and 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-642-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-642-0"><bdi>978-1-58729-642-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101080935/https://books.google.com/books?id=mLQaz-12Eo8C&pg=PA378">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theatres+of+Independence%3A+Drama%2C+Theory%2C+and+Urban+Performance+in+India+Since+1947&rft.pages=314+and+368&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58729-642-0&rft.aulast=Dharwadker&rft.aufirst=Aparna+Bhargava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmLQaz-12Eo8C%26pg%3DPA378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Modern-Marathi-theatre-had-milestones-limitations-Expert/articleshow/8753808.cms?referral=PM">"Modern Marathi theatre had milestones, limitations."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 7 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010180458/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Modern-Marathi-theatre-had-milestones-limitations-Expert/articleshow/8753808.cms?referral=PM">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Modern+Marathi+theatre+had+milestones%2C+limitations..&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpune%2FModern-Marathi-theatre-had-milestones-limitations-Expert%2Farticleshow%2F8753808.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSengupta2014" class="citation book cs1">Sengupta, Ashis (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DDZvBAAAQBAJ&q=parsi+theatre+mumbai+prithvi&pg=PA64">Mapping South Asia Through Contemporary Theatre</a>. Basingstoke, Uk and New York, US: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-37513-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-37513-1"><bdi>978-1-137-37513-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+South+Asia+Through+Contemporary+Theatre&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+Uk+and+New+York%2C+US&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-37513-1&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Ashis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDDZvBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dparsi%2Btheatre%2Bmumbai%2Bprithvi%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903061426/http://www.discoveredindia.com/maharashtra/culture-in-maharashtra/literature.htm">"Maharashtra's Regional Literature"</a>. discoveredindia.com/. <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a>. 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Pearson Education India. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1753-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1753-0"><bdi>978-81-317-1753-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101080935/https://books.google.com/books?id=wsiXwh_tIGkC&pg=RA1-PA120">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016. 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"Preliminary Remarks on Dalit Poetry". Rethinking Marxism. 30 (1): 61–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08935696.2018.1456762">10.1080/08935696.2018.1456762</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149846207">149846207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rethinking+Marxism&rft.atitle=Preliminary+Remarks+on+Dalit+Poetry&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=61-71&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08935696.2018.1456762&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149846207%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Muthukkaruppan&rft.aufirst=Parthasarathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatarajanEmmanuel_Sampath_Nelson1996" class="citation book cs1">Natarajan, Nalini; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&q=Dalit+literature&pg=PA363">"Chapter 13: Dalit Literature in Marathi by Veena Deo"</a>. 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Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-28778-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-28778-3"><bdi>0-313-28778-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+13%3A+Dalit+Literature+in+Marathi+by+Veena+Deo&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+twentieth-century+literatures+of+India&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-313-28778-3&rft.aulast=Natarajan&rft.aufirst=Nalini&rft.au=Emmanuel+Sampath+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1lTnv6o-d_oC%26q%3DDalit%2Bliterature%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharya2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bhattacharya, Rebecca (April–June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rjelal.com/5.2.17a/396-399%20REBECCA%20BHATTACHARYA.pdf">"Bombay as Reflected in the Novels of Shobha De, Salman Rushdie and Rohinton Mistry"</a> (PDF). 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Co. pp. 263–266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173871351" title="Special:BookSources/9788173871351"><bdi>9788173871351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountains+of+India+%3A+tourism%2C+adventure+and+pilgrimage&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=263-266&rft.pub=Indus+Publ.+Co.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9788173871351&rft.aulast=Kohli&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghBhanu2004" class="citation book cs1">Singh, K.; Bhanu, B.V. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&q=Khandoba+god&pg=PR59">People of India</a>. Mumbai: Anthropological Survey of India. p. LIX. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788179911013" title="Special:BookSources/9788179911013"><bdi>9788179911013</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107124906/https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&pg=PR59&dq=Khandoba+god#v=snippet&q=Khandoba%20&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2017. 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Retrieved 2 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourism+Survey+for+State+of+Maharashtra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftourism.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FOther%2FMaharashtra_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/mtdc/about">"About MTDC"</a>. Maharashtratourism.gov.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623032828/https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/mtdc/about">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maharashtratourism.gov.in&rft.atitle=About+MTDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maharashtratourism.gov.in%2Fmtdc%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaharashtra" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Maharashtra" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Maharashtra">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Maharashtra">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Maharashtra">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Maharashtra" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Maharashtra">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Maharashtra" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Maharashtra">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Maharashtra" class="extiw" title="voy:Maharashtra">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maharashtra.gov.in/1125/Home">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/">Official tourism site</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>General information</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> web resources provided by GovPubs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado Boulder Libraries">University of Colorado Boulder Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/357937">Maharashtra</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1950884">Maharashtra</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Maharashtra_State_of_Maharashtra" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maharashtra" title="Template:Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Maharashtra_State_of_Maharashtra" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Maharashtra"><img alt="Emblem of Maharashtra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/24px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/36px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/48px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maharashtra</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li>Second capital: <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" title="Category:Maharashtra">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maharashtra" title="History of Maharashtra">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Maharashtra" title="Geography of Maharashtra">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Maharashtra" title="Tourism in Maharashtra">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalsubai" title="Kalsubai">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Culture of Maharashtra">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Maharashtra" title="Sports in Maharashtra">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" title="Category:Maharashtra">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desh_region" title="Desh region">Desh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Maharashtra" title="North Maharashtra">North Maharashtra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">Divisions and Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amravati_division" title="Amravati division">Amravati division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akola_district" title="Akola district">Akola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amravati_district" title="Amravati district">Amravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buldhana_district" title="Buldhana district">Buldhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washim_district" title="Washim district">Washim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavatmal_district" title="Yavatmal district">Yavatmal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Konkan_division" title="Konkan division">Konkan division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_district" title="Mumbai Suburban district">Mumbai Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palghar_district" title="Palghar district">Palghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri_district" title="Ratnagiri district">Ratnagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhudurg_district" title="Sindhudurg district">Sindhudurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_division" title="Aurangabad division">Aurangabad division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beed_district" title="Beed district">Beed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_district,_Maharashtra" title="Aurangabad district, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanabad_district" title="Osmanabad district">Osmanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingoli_district" title="Hingoli district">Hingoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalna_district" title="Jalna district">Jalna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latur_district" title="Latur district">Latur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanded_district" title="Nanded district">Nanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbhani_district" title="Parbhani district">Parbhani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_division" title="Nagpur division">Nagpur division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhandara_district" title="Bhandara district">Bhandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrapur_district" title="Chandrapur district">Chandrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadchiroli_district" title="Gadchiroli district">Gadchiroli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondia_district" title="Gondia district">Gondia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_district" title="Nagpur district">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardha_district" title="Wardha district">Wardha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nashik_division" title="Nashik division">Nashik division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar_district" title="Ahmednagar district">Ahmednagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhule_district" title="Dhule district">Dhule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon_district" title="Jalgaon district">Jalgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandurbar_district" title="Nandurbar district">Nandurbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik_district" title="Nashik district">Nashik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pune_division" title="Pune division">Pune division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_district" title="Kolhapur district">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune_district" title="Pune district">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli_district" title="Sangli district">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satara_district" title="Satara district">Satara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solapur_district" title="Solapur district">Solapur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Million-plus cities in Maharashtra</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimpri-Chinchwad" title="Pimpri-Chinchwad">Pimpri-Chinchwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan-Dombivli" title="Kalyan-Dombivli">Kalyan-Dombivli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities with municipal corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akola" title="Akola">Akola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amravati" title="Amravati">Amravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhiwandi" title="Bhiwandi">Bhiwandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrapur" title="Chandrapur">Chandrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhule" title="Dhule">Dhule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichalkaranji" title="Ichalkaranji">Ichalkaranji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon" title="Jalgaon">Jalgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latur" title="Latur">Latur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malegaon" title="Malegaon">Malegaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira-Bhayandar" title="Mira-Bhayandar">Mira-Bhayandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanded" title="Nanded">Nanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panvel" title="Panvel">Panvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbhani" title="Parbhani">Parbhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli" title="Sangli">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solapur" title="Solapur">Solapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhasnagar" title="Ulhasnagar">Ulhasnagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of chief ministers of Maharashtra">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislature" title="Maharashtra Legislature">Legislature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Police" title="Maharashtra Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal:India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_union_territories_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template talk:States 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href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/21px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/42px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312787364">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1202673/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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1,\n [\"CITEREFChhapia2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDabhade2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDahiwale1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDatta2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeo1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeshpande1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDharwadker2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDinesh_Valke\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDubey2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorgeNandraj1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge_Smith2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhurye1995\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGordon1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrimes2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuhathakurtaSaji2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunaji2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH._H._Risley1908\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeitzman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJerry_PintoNaresh_Fernandes2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFK._Balasubramanyam1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKale1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamat1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanchan_Chandra2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarthikeyan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeer1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKejal_Joshi-ReddyVeena_KamblePooja_KuntePolly_Hardy-Johnson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKher2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohli2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKosambiFeldhaus2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamachari2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLalvani2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahapatra2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallGuptaSinghSingh2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandpe2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarathé2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelsensMangaonkar–VaiudeBertels2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMhatre\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinistry_of_Law,_Government_of_India1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMookerjeeWanmali\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuthukkaruppan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN._G._Rathod1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNETWORK2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNallathiga2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaregal2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatarajanEmmanuel_Sampath_Nelson1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNayanjot_Lahiri2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNehru2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNilesh_Upadhye2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborne2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPTI2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPachouly2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalshikarBirmal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandey2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatil2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearson1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinglay2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlanning_Commission_of_the_Government_of_India2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPletcher2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPrabhu2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrabhuSarker1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._V._Russell1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadheshyam_Jadhav2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaghunathan,_V.Prasad,_V.2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajagopal2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRajyashree1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamanna2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichard_Corliss1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRichards1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS.S._Kalamkar2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSengupta2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShinde2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShodhganga\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon_Denyer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinghBhanu2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSirsikar1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSridharan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSundar2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSwain2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwami2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTej_Ram_Sharma1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThapar2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUdas-Mankikar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUtathya_Nag2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerma2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWadia1897\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelliotBerntsen1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFed2000\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 28,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 65,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 60,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 198,\n [\"Color\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 17,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 13,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 1,\n [\"Dubious span\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"GovPubs\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"INR\"] = 3,\n [\"INRConvert\"] = 17,\n [\"IPA-mr\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 2,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox Indian state or territory\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Maharashtra\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 12,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Photomontage\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 2,\n [\"Ref\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"States and territories of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Update inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 7,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","640","21.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","9.9"],["dataWrapper 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Maharashtra","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maharashtra","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1191","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1191","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-01T00:42:19Z","dateModified":"2024-11-13T18:02:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Ajanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Ajanta_chaitya_%28stupa%29_worship_hall%2C_Cave_26.jpg","headline":"state in the western and central peninsular region of India"}</script> </body> </html>