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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Record_and_replay_debugging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record_and_replay_debugging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Record and replay debugging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Record_and_replay_debugging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reverse_debugging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reverse_debugging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Reverse debugging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reverse_debugging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_Travel_debugging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_Travel_debugging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Time Travel debugging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_Travel_debugging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_dependency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_dependency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Language dependency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_dependency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memory_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memory_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Memory protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memory_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_support_for_debugging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_support_for_debugging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hardware support for debugging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_support_for_debugging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debugger_front-ends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debugger_front-ends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Debugger front-ends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debugger_front-ends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethical_or_legal_debugging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethical_or_legal_debugging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ethical or legal debugging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethical_or_legal_debugging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_debuggers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_debuggers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>List of debuggers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_debuggers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Debugger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AD" title="منقح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منقح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Sazlayıcı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sazlayıcı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дебъгер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дебъгер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depurador" title="Depurador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Depurador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Αποσφαλματωτής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποσφαλματωτής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depurador" title="Depurador – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Depurador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erarser%C4%89ilo" title="Erarserĉilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Erarserĉilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araztaile" title="Araztaile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Araztaile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="اشکال‌زدا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشکال‌زدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9bogueur" title="Débogueur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Débogueur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EB%B2%84%EA%B1%B0" title="디버거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디버거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_za_pronala%C5%BEenje_pogre%C5%A1aka" title="Program za pronalaženje pogrešaka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Program za pronalaženje pogrešaka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroroserchilo" title="Eroroserchilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Eroroserchilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengawakutu" title="Pengawakutu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengawakutu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembiforrit" title="Kembiforrit – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kembiforrit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מנפה שגיאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנפה שגיאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="გამმართველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გამმართველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96%D1%88" title="Жөндеуіш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жөндеуіш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibakeres%C5%91" title="Hibakereső – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hibakereső" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡീബഗ്ഗിങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡീബഗ്ഗിങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyahpepijat" title="Penyahpepijat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyahpepijat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AC" title="デバッガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デバッガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avluser" title="Avluser – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Avluser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debogaire" title="Debogaire – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Debogaire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depurador" title="Depurador – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Depurador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Отладчик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отладчик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Отклањивач грешака – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Отклањивач грешака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Debugger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debuggeri" title="Debuggeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Debuggeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avlusare" title="Avlusare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avlusare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_ay%C4%B1klay%C4%B1c%C4%B1" title="Hata ayıklayıcı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hata ayıklayıcı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Налагоджувач – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Налагоджувач" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%ACnh_g%E1%BB%A1_l%E1%BB%97i" title="Trình gỡ lỗi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trình gỡ lỗi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E9%8C%AF%E5%99%A8" title="除錯器 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="除錯器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E8%AF%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="调试工具 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="调试工具" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembibis_(kumpiuter)" title="Pembibis (kumpiuter) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pembibis (kumpiuter)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193231#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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.mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Debugger##" title="Talk:Debugger">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Debugger%22">"Debugger"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Debugger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Debugger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Debugger%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Debugger%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Debugger%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Debugger" title="Special:EditPage/Debugger">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Debugger%22">"Debugger"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Debugger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Debugger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Debugger%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Debugger%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Debugger%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Core activities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">Data modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_development_process" title="Software development process">Processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_analysis" title="Requirements analysis">Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_construction" title="Software construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_testing" title="Software testing">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">Debugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_deployment" title="Software deployment">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">Maintenance</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Paradigms and models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_software_engineering" title="Cleanroom software engineering">Cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_build_model" title="Incremental build model">Incremental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_prototyping" title="Software prototyping">Prototyping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_model" title="Spiral model">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-model_(software_development)" title="V-model (software development)">V model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall_model" title="Waterfall model">Waterfall</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Software_development_methodology" class="mw-redirect" title="Software development methodology">Methodologies</a> and frameworks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_software_development" title="Adaptive software development">ASD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DevOps" title="DevOps">DevOps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_agile_delivery" title="Disciplined agile delivery">DAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_systems_development_method" title="Dynamic systems development method">DSDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature-driven_development" title="Feature-driven development">FDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_and_incremental_development" title="Iterative and incremental development">IID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanban_(development)" title="Kanban (development)">Kanban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_software_development" title="Lean software development">Lean SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)#Large-scale_Scrum" title="Scrum (software development)">LeSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-driven_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Model-driven development">MDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solutions_Framework" title="Microsoft Solutions Framework">MSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_software_process" title="Personal software process">PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Unified_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Unified Process">RUP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_agile_framework" title="Scaled agile framework">SAFe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)" title="Scrum (software development)">Scrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEMAT" title="SEMAT">SEMAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test-driven_development" title="Test-driven development">TDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_software_process" title="Team software process">TSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Process">UP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_programming" title="Extreme programming">XP</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supporting disciplines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Software_configuration_management" title="Software configuration management">Configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_management#Computer_science" title="Deployment management"> Deployment management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_documentation" title="Software documentation">Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_quality_assurance" title="Software quality assurance">Software quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_project_management" title="Software project management">Project management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience">User experience</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acceptance_test%E2%80%93driven_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Acceptance test–driven development">ATDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavior-driven_development" title="Behavior-driven development">BDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_programming_practices#Collective_code_ownership" title="Extreme programming practices">CCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_integration" title="Continuous integration">CI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_delivery" title="Continuous delivery">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">DDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair_programming" title="Pair programming">PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specification_by_example" title="Specification by example">SBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_meeting" title="Stand-up meeting">Stand-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test-driven_development" title="Test-driven development">TDD</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Programming_tool" title="Programming tool">Tools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">Compiler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Debugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiling_(computer_programming)" title="Profiling (computer programming)">Profiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface_builder" title="Graphical user interface builder">GUI designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UML_tool" title="UML tool">UML Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_automation" title="Build automation">Build automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application-release_automation" title="Application-release automation">Release automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_code" title="Infrastructure as code">Infrastructure as code</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Standards and bodies of knowledge</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model_Integration" title="Capability Maturity Model Integration">CMMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Standards_Association" title="IEEE Standards Association">IEEE standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9001" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9001">ISO 9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_7" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7">ISO/IEC standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Management_Body_of_Knowledge" title="Project Management Body of Knowledge">PMBOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge" title="Software Engineering Body of Knowledge">SWEBOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITIL" title="ITIL">ITIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Requirements_Engineering_Board" title="International Requirements Engineering Board">IREB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Glossaries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Glossary of artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_science" title="Glossary of computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering" title="Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering">Electrical and electronics engineering</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Outlines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_software_development" title="Outline of software development">Outline of software development</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Software_development_process" title="Template:Software development process"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Software_development_process" title="Template talk:Software development process"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Software_development_process" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Software development process"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winpdb-1.3.6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Winpdb-1.3.6.png/220px-Winpdb-1.3.6.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Winpdb-1.3.6.png/330px-Winpdb-1.3.6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Winpdb-1.3.6.png/440px-Winpdb-1.3.6.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winpdb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winpdb (page does not exist)">Winpdb</a> debugging itself</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>debugger</b> or <b>debugging tool</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a> used to <a href="/wiki/Software_testing" title="Software testing">test</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debug</a> other programs (the "target" program). The main use of a debugger is to run the target program under controlled conditions that permit the programmer to track its execution and monitor changes in computer resources that may indicate malfunctioning code. Typical debugging facilities include the ability to run or halt the target program at specific points, display the contents of memory, CPU registers or storage devices (such as disk drives), and modify memory or register contents in order to enter selected test data that might be a cause of faulty program execution. </p><p>The code to be examined might alternatively be running on an <i><a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_simulator" title="Instruction set simulator">instruction set simulator</a></i> (ISS), a technique that allows great power in its ability to halt when specific conditions are encountered, but which will typically be somewhat slower than executing the code directly on the appropriate (or the same) processor. Some debuggers offer two modes of operation, full or partial simulation, to limit this impact. </p><p>A "<a href="/wiki/Trap_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trap (computing)">trap</a>" occurs when the program cannot normally continue because of a <a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">programming bug</a> or invalid data. For example, the program might have tried to use an instruction not available on the current version of the <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> or attempted to access unavailable or <a href="/wiki/Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">protected</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">memory</a>. When the program "traps" or reaches a preset condition, the debugger typically shows the location in the original code if it is a <b>source-level debugger</b> or <b>symbolic debugger</b>, commonly now seen in <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">integrated development environments</a>. If it is a <b>low-level debugger</b> or a <b>machine-language debugger</b> it shows the line in the <a href="/wiki/Disassembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Disassembly">disassembly</a> (unless it also has online access to the original source code and can display the appropriate section of code from the assembly or compilation). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically, debuggers offer a query processor, a symbol resolver, an expression interpreter, and a debug support interface at its top level.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debuggers also offer more sophisticated functions such as running a program <a href="/wiki/Stepping_(debugging)" title="Stepping (debugging)">step by step</a> (<b>single-stepping</b> or <a href="/wiki/Program_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Program animation">program animation</a>), stopping (<b>breaking</b>) (pausing the program to examine the current state) at some event or specified instruction by means of a <a href="/wiki/Breakpoint" title="Breakpoint">breakpoint</a>, and tracking the values of variables.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some debuggers have the ability to modify the program state while it is running. It may also be possible to continue execution at a different location in the program to bypass a crash or logical error. </p><p>The same functionality which makes a debugger useful for correcting bugs allows it to be used as a <a href="/wiki/Software_cracking" title="Software cracking">software cracking</a> tool to evade <a href="/wiki/Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">copy protection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a>, and other software protection features. It often also makes it useful as a general verification tool, <a href="/wiki/Fault_coverage" title="Fault coverage">fault coverage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Profiling_(computer_programming)" title="Profiling (computer programming)">performance analyzer</a>, especially if <a href="/wiki/Instruction_path_length" title="Instruction path length">instruction path lengths</a> are shown.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early microcomputers with disk-based storage often benefitted from the ability to diagnose and recover corrupted directory or registry data records, to "undelete" files marked as deleted, or to crack file password protection. </p><p>Most mainstream debugging engines, such as <a href="/wiki/Gdb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdb">gdb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dbx_(debugger)" title="Dbx (debugger)">dbx</a>, provide console-based <a href="/wiki/Command_line_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line interface">command line interfaces</a>. <a href="/wiki/Debugger_front-end" class="mw-redirect" title="Debugger front-end">Debugger front-ends</a> are popular extensions to debugger engines that provide <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Developer_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Developer Environment">IDE</a> integration, <a href="/wiki/Program_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Program animation">program animation</a>, and visualization features. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record_and_replay_debugging">Record and replay debugging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Record and replay debugging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Record_and_replay_debugging" title="Record and replay debugging">Record and replay debugging</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as "software flight recording" or "program execution recording", captures application state changes and stores them to disk as each instruction in a program executes. The recording can then be replayed over and over, and interactively debugged to diagnose and resolve defects. Record and replay debugging is very useful for remote debugging and for resolving intermittent, non-deterministic, and other hard-to-reproduce defects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reverse_debugging"><span class="anchor" id="Reverse_debugging"></span>Reverse debugging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reverse debugging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some debuggers include a feature called "<b>reverse debugging</b>", also known as "historical debugging" or "backwards debugging". These debuggers make it possible to step a program's execution backwards in time. Various debuggers include this feature. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</a> (2010 Ultimate edition, 2012 Ultimate, 2013 Ultimate, and 2015 Enterprise edition) offers IntelliTrace reverse debugging for C#, Visual Basic .NET, and some other languages, but not C++. Reverse debuggers also exist for C, C++, Java, Python, Perl, and other languages. Some are open source; some are proprietary commercial software. Some reverse debuggers slow down the target by orders of magnitude, but the best reverse debuggers cause a slowdown of 2× or less. Reverse debugging is very useful for certain types of problems, but is still not commonly used yet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_Travel_debugging"><span class="anchor" id="Time_Travel_debugging"></span>Time Travel debugging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Time Travel debugging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the features of reverse debuggers, <a href="/wiki/Time_travel_debugging" title="Time travel debugging">time travel debugging</a> also allow users to interact with the program, changing the history if desired, and watch how the program responds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_dependency">Language dependency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language dependency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some debuggers operate on a single specific language while others can handle multiple languages transparently. For example, if the main target program is written in <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a> but calls <a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a> subroutines and <a href="/wiki/PL/1" class="mw-redirect" title="PL/1">PL/1</a> subroutines, the debugger may have to dynamically switch modes to accommodate the changes in language as they occur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memory_protection">Memory protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Memory protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some debuggers also incorporate memory protection to avoid <a href="/wiki/Storage_violation" title="Storage violation">storage violations</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Buffer_overflow" title="Buffer overflow">buffer overflow</a>. This may be extremely important in <a href="/wiki/Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">transaction processing</a> environments where memory is dynamically allocated from memory 'pools' on a task by task basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware_support_for_debugging">Hardware support for debugging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hardware support for debugging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most modern microprocessors have at least one of these features in their <a href="/wiki/CPU_design" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU design">CPU design</a> to make debugging easier: </p> <ul><li>Hardware support for single-stepping a program, such as the <a href="/wiki/Trap_flag" title="Trap flag">trap flag</a>.</li> <li>An instruction set that meets the <a href="/wiki/Popek_and_Goldberg_virtualization_requirements" title="Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements">Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements</a> makes it easier to write debugger software that runs on the same CPU as the software being debugged; such a CPU can execute the inner loops of the program under test at full speed, and still remain under debugger control.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-system_programming" title="In-system programming">In-system programming</a> allows an external hardware debugger to reprogram a system under test (for example, adding or removing instruction breakpoints). Many systems with such ISP support also have other hardware debug support.</li> <li>Hardware support for code and data <a href="/wiki/Breakpoint" title="Breakpoint">breakpoints</a>, such as address comparators and data value comparators or, with considerably more work involved, <a href="/wiki/Page_fault" title="Page fault">page fault</a> hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTAG" title="JTAG">JTAG</a> access to hardware debug interfaces such as those on <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM architecture</a> processors or using the <a href="/wiki/Nexus_(standard)" title="Nexus (standard)">Nexus</a> command set. Processors used in embedded systems typically have extensive JTAG debug support.</li> <li>Micro controllers with as few as six pins need to use low pin-count substitutes for JTAG, such as <a href="/wiki/Background_debug_mode_interface" title="Background debug mode interface">BDM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spy-Bi-Wire" title="Spy-Bi-Wire">Spy-Bi-Wire</a>, or <a href="/wiki/DebugWIRE" title="DebugWIRE">debugWIRE</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Atmel_AVR" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmel AVR">Atmel AVR</a>. DebugWIRE, for example, uses bidirectional signaling on the RESET pin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debugger_front-ends">Debugger front-ends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Debugger front-ends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most capable and popular debuggers implement only a simple command line interface (CLI)—often to maximize <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">portability</a> and minimize resource consumption. Developers typically consider debugging via a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) easier and more productive.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is the reason for visual front-ends, that allow users to monitor and control subservient CLI-only debuggers via <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>. Some GUI debugger front-ends are designed to be compatible with a variety of CLI-only debuggers, while others are targeted at one specific debugger. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethical_or_legal_debugging">Ethical or legal debugging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ethical or legal debugging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Debugging is often used to illegally crack or pirate software, which is usually illegal even when done non-maliciously. <a href="/wiki/Crackme" title="Crackme">Crackme's</a> are programs specifically designed to be cracked or debugged. These programs allow those with debuggers to practice their debugging ability without getting into legal trouble. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_debuggers">List of debuggers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of debuggers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_debuggers" title="List of debuggers">List of debuggers</a></div> <p>Some widely used debuggers are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allinea_DDT" class="mw-redirect" title="Allinea DDT">Arm DTT</a>, formerly known as Allinea DDT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> debugger API used in a range of IDEs: Eclipse IDE (Java), Nodeclipse (JavaScript)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> debugger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GDB</a> - the GNU debugger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LLDB_(debugger)" title="LLDB (debugger)">LLDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Debugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Debugger">Microsoft Visual Studio Debugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radare2" title="Radare2">Radare2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valgrind" title="Valgrind">Valgrind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinDbg" title="WinDbg">WinDbg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X64dbg" title="X64dbg">x64dbg/x32dbg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheat_Engine" title="Cheat Engine">Cheat Engine</a></li></ul> <p>Earlier <a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">minicomputer</a> debuggers include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_debugging_technique" title="Dynamic debugging technique">Dynamic debugging technique</a> (DDT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-line_Debugging_Tool" title="On-line Debugging Tool">On-line Debugging Tool</a> (ODT)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mainframe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainframe">Mainframe</a> debuggers include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CA/EZTEST" title="CA/EZTEST">CA/EZTEST</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/37px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/49px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_debuggers" title="Comparison of debuggers">Comparison of debuggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_dump" title="Core dump">Core dump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_debugger" title="Kernel debugger">Kernel debugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis" title="List of tools for static code analysis">List of tools for static code analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_debugger" title="Memory debugger">Memory debugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_analyzer" title="Packet analyzer">Packet analyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiling_(computer_programming)" title="Profiling (computer programming)">Profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_debugging" title="Time travel debugging">Time travel debugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GNU Debugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_duck_debugging" title="Rubber duck debugging">Rubber duck debugging</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aggarwal and Kumar, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aggarwal and Kumar 2003, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aggarwal and Kumar, pp. 307-312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFO'CallahanJonesFroydHuey2017" class="citation arxiv cs1">O'Callahan, Robert; Jones, Chris; Froyd, Nathan; Huey, Kyle; Noll, Albert; Partush, Nimrod (2017). "Engineering Record And Replay For Deployability Extended Technical Report". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.05937">1705.05937</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/cs.PL">cs.PL</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Engineering+Record+And+Replay+For+Deployability+Extended+Technical+Report&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1705.05937&rft.aulast=O%27Callahan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Jones%2C+Chris&rft.au=Froyd%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Huey%2C+Kyle&rft.au=Noll%2C+Albert&rft.au=Partush%2C+Nimrod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebugger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_ClaßenUndo_Software" class="citation web cs1">Philip Claßen; Undo Software. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/181527/why-is-reverse-debugging-rarely-used">"Why is reverse debugging rarely used?"</a>. <i>Programmers Stack Exchange</i>. Stack Exchange, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Programmers+Stack+Exchange&rft.atitle=Why+is+reverse+debugging+rarely+used%3F&rft.au=Philip+Cla%C3%9Fen&rft.au=Undo+Software&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprogrammers.stackexchange.com%2Fquestions%2F181527%2Fwhy-is-reverse-debugging-rarely-used&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebugger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aggarwal and Kumar 2003, pp. 299-301.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sanjeev Kumar Aggarwal; M. Sarath Kumar (2003). "Debuggers for Programming Languages". In Y.N. Srikant; Priti Shankar (eds.). <i>The Compiler Design Handbook: Optimizations and Machine Code Generation</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. pp. 295–327. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-1240-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-1240-3"><bdi>978-0-8493-1240-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Debuggers+for+Programming+Languages&rft.btitle=The+Compiler+Design+Handbook%3A+Optimizations+and+Machine+Code+Generation&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=295-327&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-1240-3&rft.au=Sanjeev+Kumar+Aggarwal&rft.au=M.+Sarath+Kumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebugger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Jonathan B. Rosenberg (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howdebuggerswork00rose"><i>How Debuggers Work: Algorithms, Data Structures, and Architecture</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-14966-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-14966-7"><bdi>0-471-14966-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Debuggers+Work%3A+Algorithms%2C+Data+Structures%2C+and+Architecture&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-471-14966-7&rft.au=Jonathan+B.+Rosenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowdebuggerswork00rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebugger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debugger&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debugger" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:debugger">debugger</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/">Debugging Tools for Windows</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openrce.org">OpenRCE: Various Debugger Resources and Plug-ins</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd264915.aspx/">IntelliTrace</a> MSDN, Visual Studio 2015</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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