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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koreans in Kamchatka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in the Russian Far East</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Russia_-_Kamchatka_Krai_(2008-03).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_Russia_-_Kamchatka_Krai_%282008-03%29.svg/260px-Map_of_Russia_-_Kamchatka_Krai_%282008-03%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_Russia_-_Kamchatka_Krai_%282008-03%29.svg/390px-Map_of_Russia_-_Kamchatka_Krai_%282008-03%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_Russia_-_Kamchatka_Krai_%282008-03%29.svg/520px-Map_of_Russia_-_Kamchatka_Krai_%282008-03%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka Krai</a>, highlighted in orange</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a population of <a href="/wiki/North_Koreans_in_Russia" title="North Koreans in Russia">North Koreans in Russia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a>. The largest concentration of Koreans currently lives in <a href="/wiki/Yelizovo" title="Yelizovo">Yelizovo</a>. </p><p>The population first came to the area as contract workers from 1946 to 1949. According to one estimate, during that time period, 50,000 North Korean workers arrived. They mostly left upon the conclusion of their contracts. However, several thousand refused to repatriate back to North Korea. By 2020, their population was around 1,800, making them 0.43% to 0.49% of the total population of the peninsula. By that year, almost all of the original settlers had died out, and the remaining Koreans were second- or third-generation. </p><p>Since the late 1980s, the population has aligned itself more with South Korea. This is mainly due to South Korea's stronger economy and democracy. Many have since visited and worked in the South. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Kamchatka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946, the Soviet Union and North Korea concluded an agreement to collaborate on the development of <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fisheries</a>. By the terms of the agreement, 2,000 North Korean migrant workers would go to various parts of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a> and Kamchatka, from May to July of that year. Another 2,200 followed in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020461_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020461-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers worked on contracts of various lengths, from several months to several years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020462_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020462-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Exactly how many North Koreans went to Kamchatka is not known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020462_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020462-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One survey published in 2020 estimated their number to have been 50,000 between 1946 and 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/SS_Zyrianin" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Zyrianin">SS <i>Zyrianin</i></a> had a record of 2,200 North Korean workers going to <a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a> from North Korea in 1947. They came from various parts of North Korea; 700 were from <a href="/wiki/Myongchon_County" title="Myongchon County">Myongchon</a>, 1,000 from <a href="/wiki/Kilju_County" title="Kilju County">Kilju</a>, 875 from <a href="/wiki/Toksong_County" title="Toksong County">Toksong</a>, and 415 from <a href="/wiki/Hyesan" title="Hyesan">Hyesan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Working conditions were difficult. In 1947, 300 Koreans died due to an epidemic. Others died from the cold or from starvation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, the population of North Korean workers in Kamchatka was 9,081. Most of them worked in various fisheries along the coasts, on labor contracts of up to three years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the conclusion of their contracts, they were ordered to return home. However, some refused, possibly due to apprehension over returning to the poverty in North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When ships came to repatriate them, they fled into the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Official sources gave the Korean population as 6,740 (3.05% of total) in 1959,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1,952 (0.41%) in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1,749 (0.49%) in 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1,401 (0.43%) in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shifting_identity">Shifting identity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Kamchatka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Shifting identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to later interviews, when they first arrived, they were looked down upon by native residents and discriminated against.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Upon arrival at Kamchatka from North Korea, we were discriminated against harshly. We were asked to go back to the "land of <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>". We were asked to sell "Kim Il Sung vegetables" cultivated in Kamchatka. Russians here treated North Korean workers with contempt because we came to Kamchatka to live on Russian bread. Following the contemptuous conducts of their parents, Russian children also made fun of us.</p></blockquote> <p>Koreans in Kamchatka visited and associated themselves with North Korea until at latest the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020472–473_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020472–473-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An interviewer estimated that original residents visited North Korea an average of three times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020475_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020475-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as North Korea became more closed off and <a href="/wiki/June_Democratic_Struggle" title="June Democratic Struggle">South Korea democratized</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_the_Han_River" title="Miracle on the Han River">became economically successful</a>, they began to associate themselves with and visit the South more.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One interviewee said:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the late 1980s, however, [locals] stopped making fun of us and began treating us with respect, for the reason that [South Korea], our motherland, is well off. The <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</a>, which [Soviet athletes participated in], served as a turning point for them to recognize the miraculous economic situation of South Korea. Since then, Russians no longer laughed at us in scorn.</p></blockquote> <p>One original immigrant (born in 1928, moved to Kamchatka in 1949) said of this in a 2016 interview:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020467,_472_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020467,_472-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These days we do not visit North Korea since we no longer have living relatives there. However, I have been to South Korea recently. We had good experiences in South Korea, although we were born in North Korea. My relationship with South Korea is more intimate. It also might be due to the fact that my granddaughters are now living in <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>.</p></blockquote><p>The highest density of ethnic Koreans in Kamchatka now live in <a href="/wiki/Yelizovo" title="Yelizovo">Yelizovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020466_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020466-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total population of Koreans in Kamchatka was estimated to be around 1,800 by one researcher in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020466_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020466-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population had been intermarrying into the community by the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coverage">Coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Kamchatka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A documentary film entitled <i>Where is Your Homeland</i> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">고향이 어디세요?</span></span>) about the population was released in November 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A book about the population was written by <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bugay" title="Nikolai Bugay">Nikolai Bugay</a> and published on November 20, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Kamchatka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020461-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020461_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, p. 461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020462-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020462_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020462_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, p. 462.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463–464_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, pp. 463–464.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020463_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, p. 463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDoo2017" class="citation web cs1">Doo, Rumy (2017-10-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171026000948">"Documentary spotlights Koreans on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Herald" title="The Korea Herald">The Korea Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Herald&rft.atitle=Documentary+spotlights+Koreans+on+Russia%27s+Kamchatka+Peninsula&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft.aulast=Doo&rft.aufirst=Rumy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20171026000948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans+in+Kamchatka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017010653/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_59.php?reg=46">"Демоскоп. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам России: Камчатская область"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_59.php?reg=46">the original</a> on 2017-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ПО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ И ВЛАДЕНИЮ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ ПО СУБЪЕКТАМ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_03.xls">the original</a> on 2006-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3.+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%9F%D0%9E+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98+%D0%98+%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AE+%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%9C+%D0%AF%D0%97%D0%AB%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9C+%D0%9F%D0%9E+%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%AA%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9C+%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%99+%D0%A4%D0%95%D0%94%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%98&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2FTOM_04_03.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans+in+Kamchatka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/perepis_itogi1612.htm">"Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года"</a>. <i>rosstat.gov.ru</i>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rosstat.gov.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans+in+Kamchatka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/results2.html">"Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года в отношении демографических и социально-экономических характеристик отдельных национальностей"</a>. <i>rosstat.gov.ru</i>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rosstat.gov.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fresults2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans+in+Kamchatka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020469–470_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, pp. 469–470.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020472–473-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020472–473_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, pp. 472–473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020475-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020475_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, p. 475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020467,_472-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020467,_472_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, pp. 467, 472.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020466-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020466_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKhvan2020466_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKhvan2020">Lee & Khvan (2020)</a>, p. 466.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF곽2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">곽, 민해 (2017-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cine21.com/news/view/?mag_id=88639"><bdi lang="ko">영하 50도 극한의 땅 캄차카에 숨겨진 우리 민족의 가슴 아픈 역사</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cine21" title="Cine21">Cine21</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cine21&rft.atitle=%EC%98%81%ED%95%98+50%EB%8F%84+%EA%B7%B9%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98+%EB%95%85+%EC%BA%84%EC%B0%A8%EC%B9%B4%EC%97%90+%EC%88%A8%EA%B2%A8%EC%A7%84+%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%9D%98+%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%B4+%EC%95%84%ED%94%88+%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft.aulast=%EA%B3%BD&rft.aufirst=%EB%AF%BC%ED%95%B4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cine21.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2F%3Fmag_id%3D88639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans+in+Kamchatka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldkorean.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=35739"><bdi lang="ko">'캄차카반도 고려인동포'에 대한 기록 책으로 엮어··· 모스크바서 출판기념회</bdi></a>. <i>월드코리안뉴스</i> (in Korean). 2019-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%9B%94%EB%93%9C%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft.atitle=%27%EC%BA%84%EC%B0%A8%EC%B9%B4%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84+%EA%B3%A0%EB%A0%A4%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%99%ED%8F%AC%27%EC%97%90+%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C+%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9D+%EC%B1%85%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C+%EC%97%AE%EC%96%B4%C2%B7%C2%B7%C2%B7+%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%84%9C+%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90%ED%9A%8C&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldkorean.net%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D35739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans+in+Kamchatka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Kamchatka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeKhvan2020" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Chaimun; Khvan, Lyudmila Borisovna (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345140135">"A Transnational Tale of Two Nationalities * : Ethnic Koreans in Sakhalin Island and North Koreans in Kamchatka, Russia"</a>. <i>한국민족문화</i>. 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&rft.atitle=A+Transnational+Tale+of+Two+Nationalities+%2A+%3A+Ethnic+Koreans+in+Sakhalin+Island+and+North+Koreans+in+Kamchatka%2C+Russia&rft.date=2020-02&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chaimun&rft.au=Khvan%2C+Lyudmila+Borisovna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F345140135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKoreans+in+Kamchatka" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Kamchatka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31Iw-yGXwhk"><span class="plainlinks">캄차카로 보내진 북한 노무자, 남한의 가족을 만나다 (KBS 20110205 방송)</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> – A 2011 Korean-language documentary about the Kamchatka Koreans.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Korean_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Korean diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Africa" title="Koreans in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Spain#Las_Palmas" title="Koreans in Spain">Canary Islands</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_South_Africa" title="Koreans in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/85px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/128px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/170px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/85px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/128px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, 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<li><a href="/wiki/Korean_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Korean immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Korean Americans by location">by city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Argentina" title="Koreans in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Brazilians" title="Korean Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Chile" title="Koreans in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Paraguay" title="Koreans in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Peru" title="Koreans in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Uruguayans" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Venezuela" title="Koreans in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Beijing" title="Koreans in Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Koreans in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Shanghai" title="Koreans in Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Mongolia" title="Koreans in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Koreans_in_South_Korea" title="North Koreans in South Korea">South Korea (North Koreans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Taiwan" title="Koreans in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Indonesia" title="Koreans in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Malaysia" title="Koreans in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Philippines" title="Koreans in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Singapore" title="Koreans in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Thailand" title="Koreans in Thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_defectors_in_Thailand" title="North Korean defectors in Thailand">North Korean defectors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Vietnam" title="Koreans in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_India" title="Koreans in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Varanasi" title="Koreans in Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Nepal" title="Koreans in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakisatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Koreans in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Arab_world" title="Koreans in the Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Iran" title="Koreans in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koreans_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koreans in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Soviet states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Ukraine" title="Koreans in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Koreans_in_Russia" title="North Koreans in Russia">Russia (North Koreans)</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamchatka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Koreans in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_France" title="Koreans in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Germany" title="Koreans in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Netherlands" title="Koreans in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Poland" title="Koreans in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Spain" title="Koreans in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Koreans in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Australians" title="Korean Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Micronesia" title="Koreans in Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Zealanders" title="Korean New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Korean immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-mar" title="Koryo-mar">Koryo-mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainichi_Korean_language" title="Zainichi Korean language">Zainichi Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_adoption_of_South_Korean_children" title="International adoption of South Korean children">Adoptees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">North Korean defectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_defectors" title="South Korean defectors">South Korean defectors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community of Spain</a> off the northwest coast of Africa</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_South_Korea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Korea" title="Template:Ethnic groups in South Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Korea" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in South Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_South_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in South Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_South_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of South Korea">Ethnic groups in South Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titular nation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_people" title="Jeju people">Jejuans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign ancestries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_clans_of_foreign_origin" title="Korean clans of foreign origin">Korean clans of foreign origin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign backgrounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Koreans_in_South_Korea" title="North Koreans in South Korea">North Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Chinese_in_Korea" title="Korean Chinese in Korea">Korean Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindan" title="Mindan">Mindan Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">Sakhalin Koreans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kamchatka Koreans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigrants_and_expatriates_in_Korea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigrants_and_expatriates_in_Korea" title="Template:Immigrants and expatriates in Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigrants_and_expatriates_in_Korea" title="Template talk:Immigrants and expatriates in Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigrants_and_expatriates_in_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigrants and expatriates in Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigrants_and_expatriates_in_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreigners_in_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreigners in Korea">Immigrants and expatriates in Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korean division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Korea" title="Chinese people in Korea">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Chinese_in_Korea" title="Korean Chinese in Korea">Chaoxianzu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people_in_Korea" title="French people in Korea">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Korea" title="Germans in Korea">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Korea" title="Indians in Korea">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Korea" title="Russians in Korea">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Korea" title="Vietnamese people in Korea">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/90px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/90px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_North_Korea" title="Americans in North Korea">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_North_Korea" title="Japanese people in North Korea">Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians_in_South_Korea" title="Brazilians in South Korea">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_South_Korea" title="Filipinos in South Korea">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesians_in_South_Korea" title="Indonesians in South Korea">Indonesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_South_Korea" title="Japanese people in South Korea">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Korea" title="History of the Jews in South Korea">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_%E2%80%93_South_Korea_relations#Movement_of_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysia – South Korea relations">Malaysians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolians_in_South_Korea" title="Mongolians in South Korea">Mongolians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_South_Korea" title="Nepalis in South Korea">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Korea" title="Pakistanis in South Korea">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_South_Korea" title="Refugees in South Korea">Refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_on_Jeju_Island" title="Refugees on Jeju Island">Jeju Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic minorities in North Korea">Ethnic minorities in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_South_Korea" title="Immigration to South Korea">Immigration to South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Korea" title="Demographics of North Korea">Demographics of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora#Return_migration" title="Korean diaspora">Korean diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_South_Korea" title="Immigration policy of South Korea">Immigration policy of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_clan_names_of_foreign_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean clan names of foreign origin">Korean clan names of foreign origin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiracial people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people_in_South_Korea" title="Multiracial people in South Korea">Multiracial people in South Korea</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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