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A steady presidential poll slide with a midterm election on the horizon could, and should, focus the mind.</p> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </div><!-- .entry-container --> </article><!-- #post-${ID} --> <article id="post-157939" class="post-157939 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-main category-politics category-russias-war-on-ukraine tag-donald-trump tag-franklin-d-roosevelt tag-jimmy-stewart tag-nato tag-ronald-reagan tag-ukraine tag-vladimir-putin tag-volodymyr-zelensky tag-woodrow-wilson entry"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a class="post-thumbnail-inner" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/24/donald-trump-and-the-end-of-american-global-leadership/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <img width="800" height="600" src="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25054065605599-800x600.jpg?crop=1" class="attachment-newspack-archive-image size-newspack-archive-image wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" data-hero-candidate="" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" srcset="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25054065605599-800x600.jpg?crop=1 800w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25054065605599-1200x900.jpg?crop=1 1200w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25054065605599-600x450.jpg?crop=1 600w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25054065605599-400x300.jpg?crop=1 400w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25054065605599-200x150.jpg?crop=1 200w" sizes="(max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw / 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw / 12)), 100vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-container"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/russias-war-on-ukraine/" rel="category tag">Russia's War on Ukraine</a></span> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/24/donald-trump-and-the-end-of-american-global-leadership/" rel="bookmark">Donald Trump and the End of American Global Leadership</a></h2> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="author-avatar"></span> <span class="byline"> <span>by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/author/tamar-jacoby/">Tamar Jacoby</a></span> </span><!-- .byline --> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/24/donald-trump-and-the-end-of-american-global-leadership/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-24T05:00:00-05:00">February 24, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-24T07:32:55-05:00">February 24, 2025</time></a></span> </div><!-- .meta-info --> </div><!-- .entry-container --> </article><!-- #post-${ID} --> <article id="post-157925" class="post-157925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-main category-politics tag-donald-trump tag-elon-mush tag-gabe-sherman tag-james-madison tag-supreme-court entry"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a class="post-thumbnail-inner" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/21/madisons-constitution-is-coming-undone/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <img width="800" height="600" src="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25051097934901-800x600.jpg?crop=1" class="attachment-newspack-archive-image size-newspack-archive-image wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" data-hero-candidate="" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" srcset="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25051097934901-800x600.jpg?crop=1 800w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25051097934901-1200x900.jpg?crop=1 1200w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25051097934901-600x450.jpg?crop=1 600w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25051097934901-400x300.jpg?crop=1 400w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25051097934901-200x150.jpg?crop=1 200w" sizes="(max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw / 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw / 12)), 100vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-container"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a></span> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/21/madisons-constitution-is-coming-undone/" rel="bookmark">Madison鈥檚 Constitution is Coming Undone</a></h2> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="author-avatar"></span> <span class="byline"> <span>by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/author/daniel-carpenter-paul-pierson-and-eric-schickler/">Daniel Carpenter, Paul Pierson, and Eric Schickler</a></span> </span><!-- .byline --> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/21/madisons-constitution-is-coming-undone/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-21T05:00:00-05:00">February 21, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-21T08:23:16-05:00">February 21, 2025</time></a></span> </div><!-- .meta-info --> </div><!-- .entry-container --> </article><!-- #post-${ID} --> <article id="post-157912" class="post-157912 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-main category-politics category-uncategorized tag-donald-trump tag-doug-collins tag-representative-mike-bost tag-senate-veterans-affairs-committee tag-senator-jerry-moran tag-va-mission-act-of-2018 tag-veterans-affairs tag-veterans-affairs-secretary-doug-collins tag-veterans-health-administration entry"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a class="post-thumbnail-inner" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/19/trumps-sober-pick-for-veterans-affairs-has-his-work-cut-out/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <img width="800" height="600" src="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25021594170762-800x600.jpg?crop=1" class="attachment-newspack-archive-image size-newspack-archive-image wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" data-hero-candidate="" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" srcset="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25021594170762-800x600.jpg?crop=1 800w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25021594170762-1200x900.jpg?crop=1 1200w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25021594170762-600x450.jpg?crop=1 600w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25021594170762-400x300.jpg?crop=1 400w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25021594170762-200x150.jpg?crop=1 200w" sizes="(max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw / 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw / 12)), 100vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-container"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a></span> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/19/trumps-sober-pick-for-veterans-affairs-has-his-work-cut-out/" rel="bookmark">Trump’s Sober Pick for Veterans Affairs Has His Work Cut Out</a></h2> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="author-avatar"></span> <span class="byline"> <span>by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/author/suzanne-gordon-and-steve-early/">Suzanne Gordon and Steve Early</a></span> </span><!-- .byline --> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/19/trumps-sober-pick-for-veterans-affairs-has-his-work-cut-out/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-19T05:00:00-05:00">February 19, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-18T16:40:04-05:00">February 18, 2025</time></a></span> </div><!-- .meta-info --> </div><!-- .entry-container --> </article><!-- #post-${ID} --> <article id="post-157896" class="post-157896 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-main category-politics tag-congressional-budget-and-impoundment-control-act-of-1974 tag-debt-limit tag-donald-trump tag-elon-musk tag-government-shutdown tag-hakeem-jefferies entry"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a class="post-thumbnail-inner" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/18/how-democrats-can-help-avoid-a-government-shutdown-or-getting-blamed-for-one/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <img width="800" height="600" src="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25043819257971-800x600.jpg?crop=1" class="attachment-newspack-archive-image size-newspack-archive-image wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" data-hero-candidate="" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" srcset="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25043819257971-800x600.jpg?crop=1 800w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25043819257971-1200x900.jpg?crop=1 1200w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25043819257971-600x450.jpg?crop=1 600w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25043819257971-400x300.jpg?crop=1 400w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25043819257971-200x150.jpg?crop=1 200w" sizes="(max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw / 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw / 12)), 100vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-container"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a></span> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/18/how-democrats-can-help-avoid-a-government-shutdown-or-getting-blamed-for-one/" rel="bookmark">How Democrats Can Help Avoid a Government Shutdown鈥攐r Getting Blamed for One</a></h2> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="author-avatar"></span> <span class="byline"> <span>by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/author/bill-scher/">Bill Scher</a></span> </span><!-- .byline --> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/18/how-democrats-can-help-avoid-a-government-shutdown-or-getting-blamed-for-one/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-18T05:00:00-05:00">February 18, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-17T13:46:50-05:00">February 17, 2025</time></a></span> </div><!-- .meta-info --> </div><!-- .entry-container --> </article><!-- #post-${ID} --> <article id="post-157867" class="post-157867 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-main category-politics tag-american-dream tag-exurbs tag-megachurches tag-political-geography tag-suburbia tag-trump-voters tag-white-flight entry"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a class="post-thumbnail-inner" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/14/the-exurban-dream-vs-the-american-dream/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <img width="800" height="600" src="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/75441066_48e4d7cbb0_o-800x600.jpg?crop=1" class="attachment-newspack-archive-image size-newspack-archive-image wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" data-hero-candidate="" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" srcset="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/75441066_48e4d7cbb0_o-800x600.jpg?crop=1 800w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/75441066_48e4d7cbb0_o-600x450.jpg?crop=1 600w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/75441066_48e4d7cbb0_o-400x300.jpg?crop=1 400w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/75441066_48e4d7cbb0_o-200x150.jpg?crop=1 200w" sizes="(max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw / 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw / 12)), 100vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-container"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a></span> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/14/the-exurban-dream-vs-the-american-dream/" rel="bookmark">The Exurban Dream vs. The American Dream</a></h2> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="author-avatar"></span> <span class="byline"> <span>by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/author/david-masciotra/">David Masciotra</a></span> </span><!-- .byline --> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/14/the-exurban-dream-vs-the-american-dream/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-14T05:00:00-05:00">February 14, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-13T18:23:37-05:00">February 13, 2025</time></a></span> </div><!-- .meta-info --> </div><!-- .entry-container --> </article><!-- #post-${ID} --> <article id="post-157862" class="post-157862 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-main category-politics tag-andrew-jackson tag-constitution tag-department-of-government-efficiency tag-doge tag-donald-trump tag-j-d-vance tag-usaid entry"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a class="post-thumbnail-inner" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/13/trump-and-musks-game-of-thrones/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <img width="800" height="600" src="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25042749241822-800x600.jpg?crop=1" class="attachment-newspack-archive-image size-newspack-archive-image wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" data-hero-candidate="" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" srcset="https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25042749241822-800x600.jpg?crop=1 800w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25042749241822-1200x900.jpg?crop=1 1200w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25042749241822-600x450.jpg?crop=1 600w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25042749241822-400x300.jpg?crop=1 400w, https://washingtonmonthly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AP25042749241822-200x150.jpg?crop=1 200w" sizes="(max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw / 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw / 12)), 100vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-container"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a></span> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/13/trump-and-musks-game-of-thrones/" rel="bookmark">Trump and Musk’s Game of Thrones</a></h2> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="author-avatar"></span> <span class="byline"> <span>by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/author/james-d-zirin/">James D. 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2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw / 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw / 12)), 100vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-container"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted in</span><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/politics/" rel="category tag">Politics</a></span> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2025/02/10/im-a-law-school-professor-heres-what-keeps-me-up-at-night/" rel="bookmark">I’m a Law School Professor. 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