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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background_and_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_and_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Background and birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Marriage and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_way_to_Chang'an" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_way_to_Chang'an"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>On the way to Chang'an</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_way_to_Chang'an-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leaving_Sichuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaving_Sichuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Leaving Sichuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaving_Sichuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-At_Chang'an" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_Chang'an"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>At Chang'an</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-At_Chang'an-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meeting_Du_Fu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meeting_Du_Fu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Meeting Du Fu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meeting_Du_Fu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_and_exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_and_exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>War and exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_and_exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_and_other_travels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_and_other_travels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Return and other travels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_and_other_travels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calligraphy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calligraphy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Calligraphy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calligraphy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_texts_and_editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_texts_and_editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Surviving texts and editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_texts_and_editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Themes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetic_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetic_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Poetic tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetic_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rapt_with_wine_and_moon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapt_with_wine_and_moon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rapt with wine and moon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapt_with_wine_and_moon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fantastic_imagery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fantastic_imagery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fantastic imagery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fantastic_imagery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nostalgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nostalgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nostalgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nostalgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_persona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_persona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Use of persona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_persona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_virtuosity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_virtuosity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Technical virtuosity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_virtuosity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In the East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>In the West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ezra_Pound" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezra_Pound"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Ezra Pound</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezra_Pound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gustav_Mahler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gustav_Mahler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Gustav Mahler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gustav_Mahler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference_in_Beat_Generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_in_Beat_Generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Reference in Beat Generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_in_Beat_Generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Translation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Translations_into_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations_into_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Translations into English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations_into_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Background and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Li Bai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 149 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A_%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%AD" title="ሊ ባይ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊ ባይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="لي باي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لي باي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bo" title="Li Bo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Li Bo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88" title="لی‌پو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لی‌پو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="লি বাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লি বাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD_Pe%CC%8Dk" title="Lí Pe̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lí Pe̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Лі Бо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лі Бо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Лі Бо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лі Бо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87" title="ली बाइ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ली बाइ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bae" title="Li Bae – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Li Bae" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ལི་པའེ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལི་པའེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ли Бай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ли Бай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bo" title="Li Bo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Li Bo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CE%BF" title="Λι Πο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λι Πο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88" title="لی‌پو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لی‌پو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="李白" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD_Pha%CC%8Dk" title="Lí Pha̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lí Pha̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1" title="이백 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이백" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5-%D5%A2%D5%B8" title="Լի Թայ-բո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լի Թայ-բո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88" title="ली बै – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ली बै" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99" title="לי באי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לי באי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D" title="ლი ბო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლი ბო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ли Бай – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ли Бай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Paj" title="Li Paj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Li Paj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Ли Бај – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ли Бај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B" title="ലീ പോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലീ പോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88" title="लि बै – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लि बै" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D" title="ლი ბო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლი ბო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%89" title="لى باى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لى باى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB_B%C4%95k" title="Lī Bĕk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lī Bĕk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ли Бай – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ли Бай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="လီပို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီပို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="ली बाई – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ली बाई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87" title="लि बाइ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लि बाइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="李白" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ли Бай – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ли Бай" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਲੀ ਬਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੀ ਬਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="لی بائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لی بائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%83" title="លីបៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីបៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Лі Бо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лі Бо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ли Бай – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ли Бай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Baj" title="Li Baj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Li Baj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="لی بای – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لی بای" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Ли Бај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ли Бај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po" title="Li Po – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Li Po" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88" title="லி பை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லி பை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ли Бай – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ли Бай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF" title="లీ బాయి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లీ బాయి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8B" title="หลี่ ไป๋ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หลี่ ไป๋" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Ли Бо – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ли Бо" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE" title="Лі Бо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лі Бо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="لی بائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لی بائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%8A" title="لى بەي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لى بەي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lij_Beg" title="Lij Beg – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lij Beg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bo" title="Li Bo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Li Bo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_B%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Lý Bạch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lý Bạch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="李白" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="李白" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99" title="לי באי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לי באי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="李白" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="李白" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Li Bai" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7071#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Li_Bai" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" hreflang="en"><span>Multilingual Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Li_Bai" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Li_Bai" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7071" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Li_Bai_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Li Bai (disambiguation)">Li Bai (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Li_Bo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Li Bo (disambiguation)">Li Bo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Li_(surname_%E6%9D%8E)" title="Li (surname 李)">Li</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Li Bai</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LiBai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Li Bai Strolling, by Liang Kai (1140–1210)"><img alt="Li Bai Strolling, by Liang Kai (1140–1210)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/LiBai.jpg/220px-LiBai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/LiBai.jpg/330px-LiBai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/LiBai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="654" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i>Li Bai Strolling</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Liang_Kai" title="Liang Kai">Liang Kai</a> (1140–1210)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><div class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">李白</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">701<br /><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a>, Sichuan, <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang China</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />or<br /><a href="/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab">Suiye</a>, Tang China (now <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BCy_Region" title="Chüy Region">Chüy Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">762 (aged 60–61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dangtu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangtu">Dangtu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang China</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a>, Anhui, China)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Chinese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tang_poetry" title="Tang poetry">Tang poetry</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">李白</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Lǐ Bái (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">col.</a>)<br />Lǐ Bó (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">lit.</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Li<sup>3</sup> Pai<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">col.</a>)<br />Li<sup>3</sup> Po<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">lit.</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[lì pǎɪ]</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">col.</a>)<br /><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[lì pwǒ]</a></span>  (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">lit.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Léih Baahk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Lei<sup>5</sup> Baak<sup>6</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[lej˩˧ pak̚˨]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Lí Pe̍k</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">Ljɨ Bɐk, or Lǐ Bhæk</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Taibai</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">太白</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Tàibái</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Qinglian <a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Jushi</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">青蓮居士</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">青莲居士</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">Lotus <a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Qīnglián Jūshì</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Vietnamese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Lý Bạch</i></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">이백</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">李白</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">I Baek</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">I Paek</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Japanese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">李白</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">りはく</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ja-Latn">Ri Haku</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Li Bai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">李白</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn"><i>Lǐ Bái</i></span></i>, 701–762), also pronounced <b>Li Bo</b>, <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Taibai</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">太白</span></span>), was a Chinese poet acclaimed as one of the greatest and most important poets of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> and in Chinese history as a whole. He and his friend <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> (712–770) were two of the most prominent figures in the flourishing of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Chinese poetry</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, which is often called the "<a href="/wiki/Tang_poetry#High_Tang" title="Tang poetry">Golden Age of Chinese Poetry</a>". The expression "Three Wonders" denotes Li Bai's poetry, <a href="/wiki/Pei_Min" title="Pei Min">Pei Min</a>'s swordplay, and <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xu" title="Zhang Xu">Zhang Xu</a>'s calligraphy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1,000 poems attributed to Li are extant. His poems have been collected into the most important Tang dynasty collection, <i>Heyue yingling ji</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compiled in 753 by Yin Fan. Thirty-four of Li Bai's poems are included in the anthology <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Hundred_Tang_Poems" title="Three Hundred Tang Poems">Three Hundred Tang Poems</a></i>, which was first published in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, translations of his poems began to appear in Europe. The poems became models for celebrating the pleasures of friendship, the depth of nature, solitude, and the joys of drinking. Among the most famous are "Waking from Drunkenness on a Spring Day" (Chinese: 春日醉起言志), "The Hard Road to Shu" (Chinese: 蜀道难),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Bring in the Wine" (Chinese: 将进酒),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "<a href="/wiki/Quiet_Night_Thought" title="Quiet Night Thought">Quiet Night Thought</a>" (Chinese: 静夜思), which are still taught in schools in China. In the West, multilingual translations of Li's poems continue to be made. His life has even taken on a legendary aspect, including tales of drunkenness and chivalry, and the well-known tale that Li drowned when he reached from his boat to grasp the moon's reflection in the river while he was drunk. </p><p>Much of Li's life is reflected in his poems, which are about places he visited; friends whom he saw off on journeys to distant locations, perhaps never to meet again; his own dream-like imaginings, embroidered with shamanic overtones; current events of which he had news; descriptions of nature, perceived as if in a timeless moment; and more. However, of particular importance are the changes in China during his lifetime. His early poems were written in a "golden age" of internal peace and prosperity, under an emperor who actively promoted and participated in the arts. This ended with the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">rebellion</a> of general <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan" title="An Lushan">An Lushan</a>, which eventually left most of Northern China devastated by war and famine. Li's poems during this period take on new tones and qualities. Unlike his younger friend Du Fu, Li did not live to see the end of the chaos. Li Bai is depicted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Wu_Shuang_Pu" title="Wu Shuang Pu">Wu Shuang Pu</a></i> (無雙譜, <i>Table of Peerless Heroes</i>) by Jin Guliang. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="3px" cellspacing="0px" bgcolor="#f7f8ff" style="float:right; border:1px solid; margin:5px"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccf; border-bottom:1px solid" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Names</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Chinese:</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani">李白</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>:</td> <td><i>Lǐbaí</i> <i>or</i> Li Bo </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Zi</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani">字</span></span>):</td> <td>Taìbaí (Tai-pai; <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani">太白</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Hao</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">號</span></span>):</td> <td>Qinglian <a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Jushi</a> (Ch'ing-lien <a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Chu-shih</a>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">青蓮居士</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">青莲居士</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top">aka:</td> <td>Shixian (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">詩仙</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">诗仙</span>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Shih-hsien</span></i>)<br /> The Poet Saint <br /> Immortal Poet </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Li Bai's name has been romanized as Li Bai, Li Po, Li Bo (romanizations of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> pronunciations), and Ri Haku (a romanization of the Japanese pronunciation).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The varying Chinese romanizations are due to the facts that his given name (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:白">白</a>) has two pronunciations in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">literary reading</a> <i>bó</i> (Wade–Giles: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">po<sup>2</sup></span></i>) and the colloquial reading <i>bái</i>; and that earlier authors used <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a> while modern authors prefer <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>. The reconstructed version of how he and others during the Tang dynasty would have pronounced this is <i>Bhæk</i>. His <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> was Taibai (太白), literally "Great White", as the planet <a href="/wiki/Mount_Taibai#History" title="Mount Taibai">Venus</a> was called at the time; according to his biography in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, this was because Li's mother had dreamt of Venus while giving birth to him.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li's courtesy name has been romanized variously as <i>Li Taibo</i>, <i>Li Taibai</i>, <i>Li Tai-po</i>, among others. The Japanese pronunciation of his name and courtesy name may be romanized as "Ri Haku" and "Ri Taihaku" respectively. </p><p>He is also known by his art name (<i><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">hao</a></i>) <i>Qīnglián Jūshì</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">青蓮<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%A3%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:居士">居士</a></span></span>), meaning <i><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a> of Azure Lotus</i>, or by the nicknames "Immortal Poet" (Poet <a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Transcendent</a>; Wine Immortal (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">酒仙</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jiuxiān</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Chiu<sup>3</sup>-hsien<sup>1</sup></span></i>), Banished Transcendent (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">謫仙人</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhéxiānrén</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Che<sup>2</sup>-hsien<sup>1</sup>-jen<sup>2</sup></span></i>), Poet-<a href="/wiki/Chinese_knight-errant" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese knight-errant">Knight-errant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">詩俠</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">诗侠</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shīxiá</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Shih<sup>1</sup>-hsia<sup>2</sup></span></i>, or "Poet-Hero"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanling_Wushuang_Pu_-_Li_Qinglian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nanling_Wushuang_Pu_-_Li_Qinglian.jpg/220px-Nanling_Wushuang_Pu_-_Li_Qinglian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nanling_Wushuang_Pu_-_Li_Qinglian.jpg/330px-Nanling_Wushuang_Pu_-_Li_Qinglian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nanling_Wushuang_Pu_-_Li_Qinglian.jpg/440px-Nanling_Wushuang_Pu_-_Li_Qinglian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1964" /></a><figcaption>Li Bai, as depicted in the <i>Nanling <a href="/wiki/Wu_Shuang_Pu" title="Wu Shuang Pu">Wushuang Pu</a></i> by Jin Guliang, Ming dynasty</figcaption></figure> <p>The two "Books of Tang", <a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang"><i>The Old Book of Tang</i></a> and <i>The New Book of Tang</i>, remain the primary sources of bibliographical material on Li Bai.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources include internal evidence from poems by or about Li Bai, and certain other sources, such as the preface to his collected poems by his relative and literary executor, Li Yangbin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_and_birth">Background and birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background and birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Bai is generally considered to have been born in 701, in <a href="/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab">Suyab</a> (碎葉) of ancient Chinese Central Asia (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Beckwith,_127_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckwith,_127-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where his family had prospered in business at the frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_20-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, the family under the leadership of his father, Li Ke (李客), moved to <a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a> (江油), near modern <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, when the youngster was about five years old. There is some mystery or uncertainty about the circumstances of the family's relocations, due to a lack of legal authorization which would have generally been required to move out of the border regions, especially if one's family had been assigned or exiled there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Background">Background</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two accounts given by contemporaries <a href="/wiki/Li_Yangbing" title="Li Yangbing">Li Yangbing</a> (a family relative) and Fan Chuanzheng state that Li's family was originally from what is now southwestern <a href="/wiki/Jingning_County,_Gansu" title="Jingning County, Gansu">Jingning County, Gansu</a>. Li's ancestry is traditionally traced back to <a href="/wiki/Li_Gao" title="Li Gao">Li Gao</a>, the noble founder of the state of <a href="/wiki/Western_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Western Liang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provides some support for Li's own claim to be related to the Li dynastic royal family of the Tang dynasty: the Tang emperors also claimed descent from the Li rulers of West Liang. This family was known as the <a href="/wiki/Longxi_County" title="Longxi County">Longxi</a> Li lineage (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%8F" class="extiw" title="zh:隴西李氏">隴西李氏</a>). Evidence suggests that during the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, Li's own ancestors, at that time for some reason classified socially as commoners, were forced into a form of exile from their original home (in what is now Gansu) to some location or locations further west.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During their exile in the far west, the Li family lived in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> city of Suiye (<a href="/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab">Suyab</a>, now an archeological site in present-day Kyrgyzstan), and perhaps also in Tiaozhi (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">条枝</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">條枝</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tiáozhī</span></i>), a state near modern <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These areas were on the ancient <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, and the Li family were likely merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their business was quite prosperous.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 705, when Li Bai was four years old, his father secretly moved his family to <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, where he spent his childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_58-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, there is a monument commemorating this in <a href="/wiki/Zhongba_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongba Town">Zhongba Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a>, Sichuan province (the area of the modern province known then as Shu, after a former independent state which had been annexed by the Sui dynasty and later incorporated into the Tang dynasty lands). The young Li spent most of his growing years in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinglian,_Jiangyou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinglian, Jiangyou (page does not exist)">Qinglian</a> (青莲; lit. "Blue [also translated as 'green', 'azure', or 'nature-coloured'] Lotus"), a town in Chang-ming County, Sichuan, China.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_20-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This now nominally corresponds with Qinglian Town (青蓮鎮) of <a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a> <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>. </p><p>The young Li read extensively, including <a href="/wiki/Confucian_classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucian classics">Confucian classics</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Songs_(Chinese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Songs (Chinese)">The Classic of Poetry (Shijing)</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of History">Classic of History (Shujing)</a></i>, as well as various astrological and metaphysical materials which Confucians tended to eschew, though he disdained to take the literacy exam.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_58-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reading the "Hundred Authors" was part of the family literary tradition, and he was also able to compose poetry before he was ten.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_20-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young Li also engaged in other activities, such as taming wild birds and fencing.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_58-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His other activities included riding, hunting, traveling, and aiding the poor or oppressed by means of both money and arms.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_20-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the young Li seems to have become quite skilled in <a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">swordsmanship</a>; as this autobiographical quote by Li himself both testifies to and also helps to illustrate the wild life that he led in the Sichuan of his youth: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"When I was fifteen, I was fond of sword play, and with that art I challenged quite a few great men."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Before he was twenty, Li had fought and killed several men, apparently for reasons of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a>, in accordance with the knight-errant tradition (<i><a href="/wiki/Youxia" title="Youxia">youxia</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_58-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 720, he was interviewed by Governor Su Ting, who considered him a genius. Though he expressed a wish to become an official, he never took the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_civil_service_examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese civil service examination">civil service examination</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li is known to have married four times. His first marriage, in 727, in <a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a>, Hubei, was to the granddaughter of a former government minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_20-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife was from the well-connected <a href="/wiki/Wu_(surname)" title="Wu (surname)">Xu</a> (许) family. Li Bai made this his home for about ten years, living in a home owned by his wife's family on Mt. Bishan (碧山).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 744, he married for the second time in what now is the <a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District">Liangyuan District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>. This marriage was to another poet, surnamed <a href="/wiki/Zong_(surname)" title="Zong (surname)">Zong</a> (宗), with whom he both had children<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and exchanges of poems, including many expressions of love for her and their children. His wife, Zong, was a granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Zong_Chuke" title="Zong Chuke">Zong Chuke</a> (宗楚客, died 710), an important government official during the Tang dynasty and the interregnal period of <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_the_way_to_Chang'an"><span id="On_the_way_to_Chang.27an"></span>On the way to Chang'an</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: On the way to Chang'an"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dufuschina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of eastern interior Chinese cities of Luoyang, Chang'an, Qinzhou, Chengdu, Kuizhou, and Tanzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dufuschina.jpg/300px-Dufuschina.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dufuschina.jpg/450px-Dufuschina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Dufuschina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>The China of Li Bai and Du Fu</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leaving_Sichuan">Leaving Sichuan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leaving Sichuan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his mid-twenties, about 725, Li Bai left Sichuan, sailing down the <a href="/wiki/Yangzi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangzi River">Yangzi River</a> through <a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting Lake</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, beginning his days of wandering. He then went back up-river, to <a href="/wiki/Yunmeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunmeng">Yunmeng</a>, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, where his marriage to the granddaughter of a retired prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Xu_Yushi" title="Xu Yushi">Xu Yushi</a>, seems to have formed but a brief interlude.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first year of his trip, he met celebrities and gave away much of his wealth to needy friends. </p><p>In 730, Li Bai stayed at Zhongnan Mountain near the capital Chang'an (Xi'an), and tried but failed to secure a position. He sailed down the Yellow River, stopped by Luoyang, and visited Taiyuan before going home. In 735, Li Bai was in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, where he intervened in a court martial against <a href="/wiki/Guo_Ziyi" title="Guo Ziyi">Guo Ziyi</a>, who was later, after becoming one of the top Tang generals, to repay the favour during the An Shi disturbances.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By perhaps 740, he had moved to <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>. It was in Shandong at this time that he became one of the group known as the "Six Idlers of the Bamboo Brook", an informal group dedicated to literature and wine.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wandered about the area of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, eventually making friends with a famous Daoist priest, Wu Yun.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 742, Wu Yun was summoned by the Emperor to attend the imperial court, where his praise of Li Bai was great.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="At_Chang'an"><span id="At_Chang.27an"></span>At Chang'an</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: At Chang'an"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wu Yun's praise of Li Bai led <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Emperor Xuanzong</a> (born Li Longji and also known as Emperor Minghuang) to summon Li to the court in <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>. Li's personality fascinated the aristocrats and common people alike, including another Taoist (and poet), <a href="/wiki/He_Zhizhang" title="He Zhizhang">He Zhizhang</a>, who bestowed upon him the nickname the "Immortal Exiled from Heaven".<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, after an initial audience, where Li Bai was questioned about his political views, the Emperor was so impressed that he held a big banquet in his honor. At this banquet, the Emperor was said to show his favor, even to the extent of personally seasoning his soup for him.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emperor Xuanzong employed him as a translator, as Li Bai knew at least one non-Chinese language.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ming Huang eventually gave him a post at the <a href="/wiki/Hanlin_Academy" title="Hanlin Academy">Hanlin Academy</a>, which served to provide scholarly expertise and poetry for the Emperor. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27empereur_Minghuang_regardant_Li_Bai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/L%27empereur_Minghuang_regardant_Li_Bai.jpg/250px-L%27empereur_Minghuang_regardant_Li_Bai.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/L%27empereur_Minghuang_regardant_Li_Bai.jpg/375px-L%27empereur_Minghuang_regardant_Li_Bai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/L%27empereur_Minghuang_regardant_Li_Bai.jpg/500px-L%27empereur_Minghuang_regardant_Li_Bai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Emperor Minghuang, seated on a terrace, observes Li Bai write poetry while having his boots taken off (Qing dynasty illustration).</figcaption></figure><p>When the emperor ordered Li Bai to the palace, he was often drunk, but quite capable of performing on the spot. </p><p>Li Bai wrote several poems about the Emperor's beautiful and beloved <a href="/wiki/Yang_Guifei" title="Yang Guifei">Yang Guifei</a>, the favorite royal consort.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_60_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_60-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A story, probably apocryphal, circulates about Li Bai during this period. Once, while drunk, Li Bai had gotten his boots muddy, and <a href="/wiki/Gao_Lishi" title="Gao Lishi">Gao Lishi</a>, the most politically powerful <a href="/wiki/Eunuch#China" title="Eunuch">eunuch</a> in the palace, was asked to assist in the removal of these, in front of the Emperor. Gao took offense at being asked to perform this menial service, and later managed to persuade Yang Guifei to take offense at Li's poems concerning her.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_60_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_60-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the persuasion of Yang Guifei and Gao Lishi, Xuanzong reluctantly, but politely, and with large gifts of gold and silver, sent Li Bai away from the royal court.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving the court, Li Bai formally became a Taoist, making a home in <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, but wandering far and wide for the next ten some years, writing poems.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li Bai lived and wrote poems at Bishan (or Bi Mountain (碧山), today Baizhao Mountain (白兆山)) in <a href="/wiki/Yandian,_Hubei" title="Yandian, Hubei">Yandian, Hubei</a>. Bi Mountain (碧山) in the poem <i>Question and Answer Amongst the Mountains</i> (山中问答 Shanzhong Wenda) refers to this mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-govyd_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govyd-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meeting_Du_Fu">Meeting Du Fu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Meeting Du Fu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a></div> <p>He met <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> in the autumn of 744, when they shared a single room and various activities together, such as traveling, hunting, wine, and poetry, thus established a close and lasting friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_24_and_25_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_24_and_25-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They met again the following year. These were the only occasions on which they met, in person, although they continued to maintain a relationship through poetry. This is reflected in the dozen or so poems by Du Fu to or about Li Bai which survive, and the one from Li Bai directed toward Du Fu which remains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_and_exile">War and exile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: War and exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riders_on_Horseback,_Northern_Qi_Dynasty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Riders_on_Horseback%2C_Northern_Qi_Dynasty.jpg/220px-Riders_on_Horseback%2C_Northern_Qi_Dynasty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Riders_on_Horseback%2C_Northern_Qi_Dynasty.jpg/330px-Riders_on_Horseback%2C_Northern_Qi_Dynasty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Riders_on_Horseback%2C_Northern_Qi_Dynasty.jpg/440px-Riders_on_Horseback%2C_Northern_Qi_Dynasty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption>Riders on Horseback, Northern Qi Dynasty, the general area of the rebel heartland, although of an earlier date.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of 755, the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_rebellion" title="An Lushan rebellion">disorders</a> instigated by the rebel general <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan" title="An Lushan">An Lushan</a> burst across the land. The Emperor eventually fled to Sichuan and abdicated. During the confusion, the Crown Prince opportunely declared himself Emperor and head of the government. The An Shi disturbances continued (as they were later called, since they lasted beyond the death of their instigator, carried on by <a href="/wiki/Shi_Siming" title="Shi Siming">Shi Siming</a> and others). Li Bai became <a href="/wiki/Mufu" title="Mufu">a staff adviser</a> to Prince Yong, one of <a href="/wiki/Ming_Huang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Huang">Ming Huang</a>'s (Emperor Xuanzong's) sons, who was far from the top of the primogeniture list, yet named to share the imperial power as a general after Xuanzong had abdicated, in 756. </p><p>However, even before the empire's external enemies were defeated, the two brothers fell to fighting each other with their armies. Upon the defeat of the Prince's forces by his brother the new emperor in 757, Li Bai escaped, but was later captured, imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a>, and sentenced to death. The famous and powerful army general <a href="/wiki/Guo_Ziyi" title="Guo Ziyi">Guo Ziyi</a> and others intervened; Guo Ziyi was the very person whom Li Bai had saved from court martial a couple of decades before.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife, the lady Zong, and others (such as Song Ruosi) wrote petitions for clemency.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_26_and_27_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_26_and_27-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon General Guo Ziyi's offering to exchange his official rank for Li Bai's life, Li Bai's death sentence was commuted to exile: he was consigned to <a href="/wiki/Yelang" title="Yelang">Yelang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yelang (in what is now <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>) was in the remote extreme southwestern part of the empire, and was considered to be outside the main sphere of Chinese civilization and culture. Li Bai headed toward Yelang with little sign of hurry, stopping for prolonged social visits (sometimes for months), and writing poetry along the way, leaving detailed descriptions of his journey for posterity. Notice of an imperial pardon recalling Li Bai reached him before he even got near Yelang.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had only gotten as far as <a href="/wiki/Wu_Gorge" title="Wu Gorge">Wushan</a>, traveling at a leisurely pace, as recorded in the poem "Struggling up the Three Gorges", intimating that it took so long that his hair turned white during the trip up river, towards exile. Then, news of his pardon caught up with him in 759.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_26_and_27_and_318_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_26_and_27_and_318-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_and_other_travels">Return and other travels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Return and other travels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Li received the news of his imperial pardon, he returned down the river to <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>, passing on the way through <a href="/wiki/Baidicheng" title="Baidicheng">Baidicheng</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Kuizhou" title="Kuizhou">Kuizhou</a> Prefecture, still engaging in the pleasures of food, wine, good company, and writing poetry; his poem "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Departing_from_Baidi_in_the_Morning" class="extiw" title="s:Translation:Departing from Baidi in the Morning">Departing from Baidi in the Morning</a>" records this stage of his travels, as well as poetically mocking his enemies and detractors, implied in his inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Simians_(Chinese_poetry)" title="Simians (Chinese poetry)">imagery of monkeys</a>. Although Li did not cease his wandering lifestyle, he then generally confined his travels to <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> and the two <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a> and Li Yang (in modern <a href="/wiki/Zhao_County" title="Zhao County">Zhao County</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His poems of this time include nature poems and poems of socio-political protest.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun,_24_and_25_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun,_24_and_25-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, in 762, Li's relative <a href="/wiki/Li_Yangbing" title="Li Yangbing">Li Yangbing</a> became magistrate of <a href="/wiki/Dangtu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangtu">Dangtu</a>, and Li Bai went to stay with him there.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meantime, Suzong and Xuanzong both died within a short period of time, and China had a new emperor. Also, China was involved in renewed efforts to suppress further military disorders stemming from the Anshi rebellions, and Li volunteered to serve on the general staff of the Chinese commander <a href="/wiki/Li_Guangbi" title="Li Guangbi">Li Guangbi</a>. However, at age 61, Li became critically ill, and his health would not allow him to fulfill this plan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LiBaimemorialhall000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/LiBaimemorialhall000.jpg/220px-LiBaimemorialhall000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/LiBaimemorialhall000.jpg/330px-LiBaimemorialhall000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/LiBaimemorialhall000.jpg/440px-LiBaimemorialhall000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Li Bai Memorial Hall in <a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a>, Sichuan</figcaption></figure> <p>The new <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daizong" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Daizong">Emperor Daizong</a> appointed Li Bai as a court counsellor in January 764, but by the time the imperial edict arrived in <a href="/wiki/Dangtu_County" title="Dangtu County">Dangtu, Anhui</a>, Li Bai had already been reported dead for more than a year. Local authorities, however, were only able to ascertain that he died sometime in 762, with the date and cause of his death lost to history.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later writers speculated about Li's death. The ninth-century Tang poet <a href="/wiki/Pi_Rixiu" title="Pi Rixiu">Pi Rixiu</a> suggested in a poem that Li had died of chronic thoracic suppuration (pus entering the chest cavity).<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Review_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another source, Li Bai drowned after falling from his boat one day while drunk, as he tried to embrace the reflection of the moon in the Yangtze River.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Calligraphy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libai_shangyangtai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Libai_shangyangtai.jpg/400px-Libai_shangyangtai.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Libai_shangyangtai.jpg/600px-Libai_shangyangtai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Libai_shangyangtai.jpg/800px-Libai_shangyangtai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7074" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>The only surviving calligraphy in Li Bai's own handwriting, titled <i>Shangyangtai</i> (To Yangtai Temple), located at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Museum" title="Palace Museum">Palace Museum</a> in Beijing, China.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Li Bai was a skilled <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">calligrapher</a>. One surviving piece of his calligraphy work in his own handwriting exists today.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The piece is titled <i>Shàng yáng tái</i> (<i>Going Up To Sun Terrace</i>), a 38.1 by 28.5 centimetres (15.0 in × 11.2 in) long scroll (with later addition of a title written by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Emperor Huizong of Song</a> and a postscript added by the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a>); the calligraphy is housed in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Museum" title="Palace Museum">Palace Museum</a> in Beijing, China.<sup id="cite_ref-arts_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arts-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surviving_texts_and_editing">Surviving texts and editing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Surviving texts and editing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even Li Bai and Du Fu, the two most famous and most comprehensively edited Tang poets, were affected by the destruction of the imperial Tang libraries and the loss of many private collections in the periods of turmoil (<a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">An Lushan Rebellion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao" title="Huang Chao">Huang Chao</a> Rebellion). Although many of Li Bai's poems have survived, even more were lost and there is difficulty regarding variant texts. One of the earliest endeavors at editing Li Bai's work was by his relative <a href="/wiki/Li_Yangbing" title="Li Yangbing">Li Yangbing</a>, the magistrate of <a href="/wiki/Dangtu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangtu">Dangtu</a>, with whom he stayed in his final years and to whom he entrusted his manuscripts. However, the most reliable texts are not necessarily in the earliest editions. Song dynasty scholars produced various editions of his poetry, but it was not until the Qing dynasty that such collections as the <i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Tang_Poems" title="Complete Tang Poems">Complete Tang Poems</a></i> made the most comprehensive studies of the then surviving texts.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critics have focused on Li Bai's strong sense of the continuity of poetic tradition, his glorification of alcoholic beverages (and, indeed, frank celebration of drunkenness), his use of persona, the fantastic extremes of some of his imagery, his mastery of formal poetic rules—and his ability to combine all of these with a seemingly effortless virtuosity to produce inimitable poetry. Other themes in Li's poetry, noted especially in the 20th century, are sympathy for the common folk and antipathy towards needless wars (even when conducted by the emperor himself).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetic_tradition">Poetic tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Poetic tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Painting_of_Li_Bai_with_his_poetry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_Painting_of_Li_Bai_with_his_poetry.jpg/220px-A_Painting_of_Li_Bai_with_his_poetry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_Painting_of_Li_Bai_with_his_poetry.jpg/330px-A_Painting_of_Li_Bai_with_his_poetry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/A_Painting_of_Li_Bai_with_his_poetry.jpg/440px-A_Painting_of_Li_Bai_with_his_poetry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>A painting of Li Bai with his poetry shown</figcaption></figure> <p>Li Bai had a strong sense of himself as being part of a poetic tradition. The "genius" of Li Bai, says one recent account, "lies at once in his total command of the literary tradition before him and his ingenuity in bending (without breaking) it to discover a uniquely personal idiom..."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Burton_Watson" title="Burton Watson">Burton Watson</a>, comparing him to Du Fu, says Li's poetry, "is essentially backward-looking, that it represents more a revival and fulfillment of past promises and glory than a foray into the future."<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_141-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Watson adds, as evidence, that of all the poems attributed to Li Bai, about one sixth are in the form of <i><a href="/wiki/Yuefu" title="Yuefu">yuefu</a></i>, or, in other words, reworked lyrics from traditional folk ballads.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As further evidence, Watson cites the existence of a fifty-nine poem collection by Li Bai entitled <i>Gu Feng</i>, or <i>In the Old Manner</i>, which is, in part, tribute to the poetry of the Han and Wei dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_142-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His admiration for certain particular poets is also shown through specific allusions, for example to <a href="/wiki/Qu_Yuan" title="Qu Yuan">Qu Yuan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tao_Yuanming" title="Tao Yuanming">Tao Yuanming</a>, and occasionally by name, for example Du Fu. </p><p>A more general appreciation for history is shown on the part of Li Bai in his poems of the <i><a href="/wiki/Huaigu_(poetry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaigu (poetry)">huaigu</a></i> genre,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or meditations on the past, wherein following "one of the perennial themes of Chinese poetry", "the poet contemplates the ruins of past glory".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rapt_with_wine_and_moon">Rapt with wine and moon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rapt with wine and moon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%94%D1%8E_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%94%D1%8E_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%94%D1%8E_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%94%D1%8E_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%94%D1%8E_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%94%D1%8E_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A painting depicting a drunken Li Bai with poetry illustrated</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_the_Drunken_Li_Taibai,_Su_Liupeng,_1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Painting_of_the_Drunken_Li_Taibai%2C_Su_Liupeng%2C_1884.jpg/220px-Painting_of_the_Drunken_Li_Taibai%2C_Su_Liupeng%2C_1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="501" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Painting_of_the_Drunken_Li_Taibai%2C_Su_Liupeng%2C_1884.jpg/330px-Painting_of_the_Drunken_Li_Taibai%2C_Su_Liupeng%2C_1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Painting_of_the_Drunken_Li_Taibai%2C_Su_Liupeng%2C_1884.jpg/440px-Painting_of_the_Drunken_Li_Taibai%2C_Su_Liupeng%2C_1884.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1708" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the <i>Drunken Li Taibai</i>, painted by Qing dynasty painter Su Liupeng in 1884</figcaption></figure> <p>John C. H. Wu observed that "while some may have drunk more wine than Li [Bai], no-one has written more poems about wine."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Classical Chinese poets were often associated with drinking <a href="/wiki/Chinese_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese alcoholic beverages">wine</a>, and Li Bai was part of the group of Chinese scholars in Chang'an his fellow poet <a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> called the "<a href="/wiki/Eight_Immortals_of_the_Wine_Cup" title="Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup">Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup</a>." The Chinese generally did not find the moderate use of alcohol to be immoral or unhealthy. James J. Y Liu comments that <i>zui</i> in poetry "does not mean quite the same thing as 'drunk', 'intoxicated', or 'inebriated', but rather means being mentally carried away from one's normal preoccupations ..." Liu translates <i>zui</i> as "rapt with wine".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Eight Immortals", however, drank to an unusual degree, though they still were viewed as pleasant eccentrics.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burton Watson concluded that "[n]early all Chinese poets celebrate the joys of wine, but none so tirelessly and with such a note of genuine conviction as Li [Bai]".<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_143_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_143-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following two poems, "Rising Drunk on a Spring Day, Telling My Intent" and "Drinking Alone by Moonlight", are among Li Bai's most famous and demonstrate different aspects of his use of wine and drunkenness. </p> <div style="padding:1em 3em 1em 3em"><div style="display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap; gap:3em"><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;"> <div class="poem"> <p>We are lodged in this world as in a great dream;<br /> Then why cause our lives so much stress?<br /> This is my reason to spend the day drunk<br /> And collapse, sprawled against the front pillar.<br /> <br /> When I wake, I peer out in the yard<br /> Where a bird is singing among the flowers.<br /> Now tell me, what season is this?—<br /> The spring breeze speaks with <a href="/wiki/Old_World_oriole" title="Old World oriole">orioles</a> warbling.<br /> <br /> I am so touched that I almost sigh,<br /> I turn to the wine, pour myself more,<br /> Then sing wildly, waiting for the moon,<br /> When the tune is done, I no longer care. </p> </div> <div class="poem"> <p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">處世若大夢,<br /> 胡爲勞其生.<br /> 所以終日醉,<br /> 頹然臥前楹.</span></span><br /> <br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">覺來盼庭前,<br /> 一鳥花間鳴.<br /> 借問此何時,<br /> 春風語流鶯.</span></span><br /> <br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">感之欲嘆息,<br /> 對酒還自傾.<br /> 浩歌待明月,<br /> 曲盡已忘情.</span></span> </p> </div> </div><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;">"Rising Drunk on a Spring Day, Telling My Intent" (<span title="Mandarin Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="cmn-Latn">Chūnrì <br />zuìqǐ yánzhì</i></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">春日醉起言志</span></span>), translated by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Owen_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Owen (academic)">Stephen Owen</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOwen1996404_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOwen1996404-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="padding:1em 3em 1em 3em"><div style="display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap; gap:3em"><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;"> <div class="poem"> <p>Here among flowers one flask of wine,<br /> With no close friends, I pour it alone.<br /> I lift cup to bright moon, beg its company,<br /> Then facing my shadow, we become three.<br /> <br /> The moon has never known how to drink;<br /> My shadow does nothing but follow me.<br /> But with moon and shadow as companions the while,<br /> This joy I find must catch spring while it's here.<br /> <br /> I sing, and the moon just lingers on;<br /> I dance, and my shadow flails wildly.<br /> When still sober we share friendship and pleasure,<br /> Then, utterly drunk, each goes his own way—<br /> Let us join to roam beyond human cares<br /> And plan to meet far in the river of stars. </p> </div> </div><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;"><div class="poem"> <p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">花間一壺酒。<br /> 獨酌無相親。</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">舉杯邀明月。<br /> 對影成三人。</span></span><br /> <br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">月既不解飲。<br /> 影徒隨我身。</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">暫伴月將影。<br /> 行樂須及春。</span></span><br /> <br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">我歌月徘徊。<br /> 我舞影零亂。</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">醒時同交歡。<br /> 醉後各分散。</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">永結無情遊。<br /> 相期邈雲漢。</span></span> </p> </div> </div></div><p style="clear:left;margin:1em 0 1em 6em;align-self:flex-end">—"Drinking Alone by Moonlight" (<i>Yuèxià dúzhuó</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">月下獨酌</span></span>), translated by Stephen Owen<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOwen1996403–04_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOwen1996403–04-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fantastic_imagery">Fantastic imagery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fantastic imagery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An important characteristic of Li Bai's poetry "is the fantasy and note of childlike wonder and playfulness that pervade so much of it".<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_142-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burton Watson attributes this to a fascination with the <a href="/wiki/Taoist_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist priest">Taoist priest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist">Taoist</a> recluses who practiced alchemy and austerities in the mountains, in the aim of becoming <a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">xian</a>, or immortal beings.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_142-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a strong element of Taoism in his works, both in the sentiments they express and in their spontaneous tone, and "many of his poems deal with mountains, often descriptions of ascents that midway modulate into journeys of the imagination, passing from actual mountain scenery to visions of nature deities, immortals, and 'jade maidens' of Taoist lore".<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_142-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Watson sees this as another affirmation of Li Bai's affinity with the past, and a continuity with the traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Chuci" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuci">Chuci</a> and the early <a href="/wiki/Fu_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu (literature)">fu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_143_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_143-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Watson finds this "element of fantasy" to be behind Li Bai's use of <a href="/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">hyperbole</a> and the "playful personifications" of mountains and celestial objects.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_143_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_143-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nostalgia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Literary critic James J.Y. Liu notes "Chinese poets seem to be perpetually bewailing their exile and longing to return home. This may seem sentimental to Western readers, but one should remember the vastness of China, the difficulties of communication... the sharp contrast between the highly cultured life in the main cities and the harsh conditions in the remoter regions of the country, and the importance of family..." It is hardly surprising, he concludes, that nostalgia should have become a "constant, and hence conventional, theme in Chinese poetry."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liu gives as a prime example Li's poem "<a href="/wiki/A_Quiet_Night_Thought" class="mw-redirect" title="A Quiet Night Thought">A Quiet Night Thought</a>" (also translated as "Contemplating Moonlight"), which is often learned by schoolchildren in China. In a mere 20 words, the poem uses the vivid moonlight and frost imagery to convey the feeling of <a href="/wiki/Homesickness" title="Homesickness">homesickness</a>. This translation is by <a href="/wiki/Yang_Xianyi" title="Yang Xianyi">Yang Xianyi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dai_Naidie" class="mw-redirect" title="Dai Naidie">Dai Naidie</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><b>Thoughts in the Silent Night</b> (<i>Jìngyè Sī</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">静夜思</span></span>)<br /> <br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">床前明月光，</span></span><span class="nowrap">   </span>Beside my bed a pool of light—<br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">疑是地上霜，</span></span><span class="nowrap">   </span>Is it hoarfrost on the ground?<br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">舉頭望明月，</span></span><span class="nowrap">   </span>I lift my eyes and see the moon,<br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">低頭思故鄉。</span></span><span class="nowrap">   </span>I lower my face and think of home. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_persona">Use of persona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Use of persona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Bai also wrote a number of poems from various viewpoints, including the <a href="/wiki/Persona" title="Persona">personae</a> of women. For example, he wrote several poems in the <a href="/wiki/Midnight_Songs_poetry" title="Midnight Songs poetry"><i>Zi Ye</i>, or "Lady Midnight" style</a>, as well as Han folk-ballad style poems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_virtuosity">Technical virtuosity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Technical virtuosity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Bai is well known for the technical virtuosity of his poetry and the mastery of his verses.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_141-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of poetic form, "critics generally agree that Li [Bai] produced no significant innovations ... In theme and content also, his poetry is notable less for the new elements it introduces than for the skill with which he brightens the old ones."<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_141-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burton Watson comments on Li Bai's famous poem, which he translates "Bring the Wine": "like so much of Li [Bai]'s work, it has a grace and effortless dignity that somehow make it more compelling than earlier treatment of the same."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Bai's <a href="/wiki/Yuefu" title="Yuefu">yuefu</a> poems have been called the greatest of all time by <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming-dynasty</a> scholar and writer <a href="/wiki/Hu_Yinglin" title="Hu Yinglin">Hu Yinglin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Bai especially excelled in the <a href="/wiki/Gushi_(poetry)" title="Gushi (poetry)">Gushi</a> form, or "old style" poems, a type of poetry allowing a great deal of freedom in terms of the form and content of the work. An example is his poem "蜀道難", translated by Witter Bynner as "Hard Roads in Shu". Shu is a poetic term for Sichuan, the destination of refuge that Emperor Xuanzong considered fleeing to escape the approaching forces of the rebel General <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan" title="An Lushan">An Lushan</a>. Watson comments that, this poem, "employs lines that range in length from four to eleven characters, the form of the lines suggesting by their irregularity the jagged peaks and bumpy mountain roads of Sichuan depicted in the poem."<sup id="cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson,_141-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Bai was also noted as a master of the <a href="/wiki/Jueju" title="Jueju">jueju</a>, or cut-verse.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ming-dynasty poet Li Pan Long thought Li Bai was the greatest jueju master of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Bai was noted for his mastery of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshi_(poetry)" title="Lüshi (poetry)">lüshi</a>, or "regulated verse", the formally most demanding verse form of the times. Watson notes, however, that his poem "Seeing a Friend Off" was "unusual in that it violates the rule that the two middle couplets ... must observe verbal parallelism", adding that Chinese critics excused this kind of violation in the case of a genius like Li.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leng_Mei_-_Figures_-_Spring_Evening_Banquet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leng_Mei_-_Figures_-_Spring_Evening_Banquet.jpg/220px-Leng_Mei_-_Figures_-_Spring_Evening_Banquet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="434" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leng_Mei_-_Figures_-_Spring_Evening_Banquet.jpg/330px-Leng_Mei_-_Figures_-_Spring_Evening_Banquet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leng_Mei_-_Figures_-_Spring_Evening_Banquet.jpg/440px-Leng_Mei_-_Figures_-_Spring_Evening_Banquet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2228" data-file-height="4394" /></a><figcaption><i>Spring Evening Banquet at the Peach and Pear Blossom Garden</i> with quoted text by Li Bai, painted by <a href="/wiki/Leng_Mei" title="Leng Mei">Leng Mei</a>, late 17th or early 18th century, <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a>, Taipei</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_East">In the East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: In the East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Bai's poetry was immensely influential in his own time, as well as for subsequent generations in China. From early on, he was paired with Du Fu. The recent scholar Paula Varsano observes that "in the literary imagination they were, and remain, the two greatest poets of the Tang—or even of China". Yet she notes the persistence of "what we can rightly call the 'Li-Du debate', the terms of which became so deeply ingrained in the critical discourse surrounding these two poets that almost any characterization of the one implicitly critiqued the other".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarsano2014_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarsano2014-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li's influence has also been demonstrated in the immediate geographical area of Chinese cultural influence, being known as Ri Haku in Japan. This influence continues even today. Examples range from poetry to painting and to literature. </p><p>In his own lifetime, during his many wanderings and while he was attending court in Chang'an, Li Bai met and parted from various contemporary poets. These meetings and separations were typical occasions for versification in the tradition of the literate Chinese of the time, a prime example being his relationship with Du Fu. </p><p>After his lifetime, Li Bai's influence continued to grow. Some four centuries later, during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, for example, just in the case of his poem that is sometimes translated "Drinking Alone Beneath the Moon", the poet <a href="/wiki/Yang_Wanli" title="Yang Wanli">Yang Wanli</a> wrote a whole poem alluding to it (and to two other Li Bai poems), in the same <i>gushi</i>, or old-style poetry form.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, Li Bai even influenced the poetry of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>. </p><p>In China, his poem "<a href="/wiki/Quiet_Night_Thought" title="Quiet Night Thought">Quiet Night Thoughts</a>", reflecting a nostalgia of a traveller away from home,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been widely "memorized by school children and quoted by adults".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is sometimes worshipped as an immortal in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> and is also considered a divinity in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Cao Dai religion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_West">In the West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In the West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Austrian composer <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> used <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> adaptations of four of Li's poems as texts for four of the songs in his song-symphony <a href="/wiki/Das_Lied_von_der_Erde" title="Das Lied von der Erde">Das Lied von der Erde</a> in 1908. American composer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a> based his <i>Seventeen Lyrics by Li Po</i> (early 1930s, his earliest surviving acknowledged work) for intoning voice and Adapted Viola (an instrument of Partch's own invention) on texts in <i>The Works of Li Po, the Chinese Poet</i> translated by Shigeyoshi Obata.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time (1931), Swiss composer <a href="/wiki/Volkmar_Andreae" title="Volkmar Andreae">Volkmar Andreae</a> set eight poems as <i>Li-Tai-Pe: Eight Chinese songs for tenor and orchestra, op. 37</i>. In Brazil, the songwriter Beto Furquim included a musical setting of the poem "Jing Ye Si" in his album "Muito Prazer".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ezra_Pound">Ezra Pound</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ezra Pound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Bai is influential in the West partly due to <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>'s versions of some of his poems in the collection <i><a href="/wiki/Cathay_(poetry_collection)" title="Cathay (poetry collection)"><i>Cathay</i></a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pound_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pound-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Pound transliterating his name according to the Japanese manner as "Rihaku"). Li Bai's interactions with nature, friendship, his love of wine and his acute observations of life inform his more popular poems. Some, like <i>Changgan xing</i> (translated by <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> as "<a href="/wiki/The_River_Merchant%27s_Wife:_A_Letter" title="The River Merchant's Wife: A Letter">The River Merchant's Wife: A Letter</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-Pound_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pound-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> record the hardships or emotions of common people. An example of the liberal, but poetically influential, translations, or adaptations, of Japanese versions of his poems made, largely based on the work of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Fenollosa" title="Ernest Fenollosa">Ernest Fenollosa</a> and professors Mori and Ariga.<sup id="cite_ref-Pound_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pound-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gustav_Mahler">Gustav Mahler</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Gustav Mahler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> integrated four of Li Bai's works into his symphonic song cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Lied_von_der_Erde" title="Das Lied von der Erde">Das Lied von der Erde</a></i>. These were derived from free German translations by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethge_(poet)" title="Hans Bethge (poet)">Hans Bethge</a>, published in an anthology called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die chinesische Flöte</i></span> (<i>The Chinese Flute</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bethge based his versions on the collection <i>Chinesische Lyrik</i> by Hans Heilmann (1905). Heilmann worked from pioneering 19th-century translations into French: three by the <a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean-L%C3%A9on,_Marquis_d%27Hervey_de_Saint_Denys" title="Marie-Jean-Léon, Marquis d'Hervey de Saint Denys">Marquis d'Hervey-Saint-Denys</a> and one (only distantly related to the Chinese) by <a href="/wiki/Judith_Gautier" title="Judith Gautier">Judith Gautier</a>. Mahler freely changed Bethge's text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reference_in_Beat_Generation">Reference in Beat Generation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Reference in Beat Generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Bai's poetry can be seen as having an influence on <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a> during Snyder's years of studying Asian culture and Zen. Li Bai's style of descriptive writing contributed to the diversity within the Beat writing style.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translation">Translation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Bai's poetry was introduced to Europe by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Marie_Amiot" title="Jean Joseph Marie Amiot">Jean Joseph Marie Amiot</a>, a Jesuit missionary in Beijing, in his <i>Portraits des Célèbres Chinois</i>, published in the series <i>Mémoires concernant l'histoire, les sciences, les arts, les mœurs, les usages, &c. des Chinois, par les missionnaires de Pekin</i>. (1776–1797).<sup id="cite_ref-Obata,_v_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obata,_v-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further translations into French were published by <a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean-L%C3%A9on,_Marquis_d%27Hervey_de_Saint_Denys" title="Marie-Jean-Léon, Marquis d'Hervey de Saint Denys">Marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys</a> in his 1862 <i>Poésies de l'Époque des Thang</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saint-Denys_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saint-Denys-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edkins" title="Joseph Edkins">Joseph Edkins</a> read a paper, "On Li Tai-po", to the Peking Oriental Society in 1888, which was subsequently published in that society's journal.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early sinologist <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Allen_Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Allen Giles">Herbert Allen Giles</a> included translations of Li Bai in his 1898 publication <i>Chinese Poetry in English Verse</i>, and again in his <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chinese Literature">History of Chinese Literature</a></i> (1901).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third early translator into English was L. Cranmer-Byng (1872–1945). His <i>Lute of Jade: Being Selections from the Classical Poets of China</i> (1909) and <i>A Feast of Lanterns</i> (1916) both featured Li's poetry. </p><p>Renditions of Li Bai's poetry into <a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry_in_English#Imagism" title="Modernist poetry in English">modernist English poetry</a> were influential through <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound#Ripostes,_translation_work" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> in <i>Cathay</i> (1915) and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Amy Lowell</a> in <i>Fir-Flower Tablets</i> (1921). Neither worked directly from the Chinese: Pound relied on more or less literal, word for word, though not terribly accurate, translations of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Fenollosa" title="Ernest Fenollosa">Ernest Fenollosa</a> and what Pound called the "decipherings" of professors Mori and Ariga; Lowell on those of <a href="/wiki/Florence_Ayscough" title="Florence Ayscough">Florence Ayscough</a>. <a href="/wiki/Witter_Bynner" title="Witter Bynner">Witter Bynner</a> with the help of <a href="/wiki/Kiang_Kang-hu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiang Kang-hu">Kiang Kang-hu</a> included several of Li's poems in <i>The Jade Mountain</i> (1939). Although Li was not his preferred poet, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Waley" title="Arthur Waley">Arthur Waley</a> translated a few of his poems into English for the <i>Asiatic Review</i>, and included them in his <i>More Translations from the Chinese</i>. Shigeyoshi Obata, in his 1922 <i>The Works of Li Po</i>, claimed he had made "the first attempt ever made to deal with any single Chinese poet exclusively in one book for the purpose of introducing him to the English-speaking world."<sup id="cite_ref-Obata,_v_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obata,_v-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A translation of Li Bai's poem <i>Green Moss</i> by poet William Carlos Williams was sent as a letter to Chinese American poet David Rafael Wang where Williams was seen as having a similar tone as Pound.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Bai became a favorite among translators for his straightforward and seemingly simple style. Later translations are too numerous to discuss here, but an extensive selection of Li's poems, translated by various translators, is included in John Minford and Joseph S. M. Lau, <i>Classical Chinese Literature</i> (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a more recent publication, see the selection of Li Bai's poetry in Chinese and in English translation, with biographical context and commentary, in Susan Wan Dolling's <i>My China in Tang Poetry, Book 1: Superstars</i> (2024).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Portrayed by Wong Wai-leung in the 2000 television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Lady_Yang" title="The Legend of Lady Yang">The Legend of Lady Yang</a></i></li> <li>An actor playing Li Bai narrates the <a href="/wiki/Wonders_of_China" title="Wonders of China">Wonders of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reflections_of_China" title="Reflections of China">Reflections of China</a> films at the <a href="/wiki/China_Pavilion_at_Epcot" title="China Pavilion at Epcot">China Pavilion at Epcot</a></li> <li>Li Bai's poem 'Hard Roads in Shu' is sung by a Chinese singer AnAn in a Liu Bei trailer for a game <a href="/wiki/Total_War:_Three_Kingdoms" title="Total War: Three Kingdoms">Total War: Three Kingdoms</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>He appears as a "great writer" in the game <a href="/wiki/Civilization_VI" title="Civilization VI">Civilization VI</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>He appears as the main character in the 2023 <a href="/wiki/Light_Chaser_Animation_Studios" title="Light Chaser Animation Studios">Light Chaser Animation Studios</a> Movie <i><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_(film)" title="Chang'an (film)">Chang'an</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese_poetry" title="Classical Chinese poetry">Classical Chinese poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese_poetry_forms" title="Classical Chinese poetry forms">Classical Chinese poetry forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry_in_English" title="Modernist poetry in English">Modernist poetry in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_in_Chinese_culture#Literature" title="Monkeys in Chinese culture">Monkeys in Chinese culture#Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Mao_Zedong" title="Poetry of Mao Zedong">Poetry of Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_(poetry)" title="Shi (poetry)">Shi (poetry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simians_(Chinese_poetry)#In_Baidicheng,_back_from_the_way_to_exile" title="Simians (Chinese poetry)">Simians (Chinese poetry)#In Baidicheng, back from the way to exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_poetry" title="Tang poetry">Tang poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Three_Hundred_Tang_Poems_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Three Hundred Tang Poems poets">List of Three Hundred Tang Poems poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Li_Bai" title="Tomb of Li Bai">Tomb of Li Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Yushi" title="Xu Yushi">Xu Yushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_Night_Thought" title="Quiet Night Thought">A Quiet Night Thought</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a>: "Li Bai, courtesy name Taibai, was born in <b>Shandong</b>. There are few talented people, with great ambitions, and a heart that transcends the world. His father is an officer of <b>Rencheng</b>, because of his family. At a young age, together with many scholars Kong Chaofu, Han Mian, Pei Zheng, Zhang Shuming, Tao Mian, and others from The <a href="/wiki/Lu_(state)" title="Lu (state)">Lu (state)</a>, hid in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a>, where they sang and drank, and they were known as "six hermits of Bamboo Forest and Stream"."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">The New Book of Tang</a> 文宗時，詔以白歌詩、裴旻劍舞、張旭草書為「三絕」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">河岳英靈集</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSun1763" class="citation book cs1">Sun, Zhu (1763). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookshop.org/books/300-tang-poems/9781981646968"><i>300 Tang Poems</i></a>. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9816-4696-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9816-4696-8"><bdi>978-1-9816-4696-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=300+Tang+Poems&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=1763&rft.isbn=978-1-9816-4696-8&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Zhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fbooks%2F300-tang-poems%2F9781981646968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eastasiastudent.net/china/classical/li-bai-shudao-nan/">"李白蜀道難 Translation: The Difficulty of the Shu Road, by Li Bai | East Asia Student"</a>. <i>eastasiastudent.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eastasiastudent.net&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD+%E8%9C%80%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A3+Translation%3A+The+Difficulty+of+the+Shu+Road%2C+by+Li+Bai+%7C+East+Asia+Student&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feastasiastudent.net%2Fchina%2Fclassical%2Fli-bai-shudao-nan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eastasiastudent.net/china/classical/li-bai-jiang-jin-jiu/">"085 李白將進酒 Translation: Bring in the Wine, by Li Bai | East Asia Student"</a>. <i>eastasiastudent.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eastasiastudent.net&rft.atitle=085+%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD+%E5%B0%87%E9%80%B2%E9%85%92+Translation%3A+Bring+in+the+Wine%2C+by+Li+Bai+%7C+East+Asia+Student&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feastasiastudent.net%2Fchina%2Fclassical%2Fli-bai-jiang-jin-jiu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnstone,_Tony_and_Chou_Ping2010" class="citation book cs1">Barnstone, Tony and Chou Ping (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aoH11JVHs4AC"><i>The Anchor Book of Chinese Poetry: From Ancient to Contemporary, The Full 3000-Year Tradition</i></a>. Random House. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-48147-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-48147-4"><bdi>978-0-307-48147-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anchor+Book+of+Chinese+Poetry%3A+From+Ancient+to+Contemporary%2C+The+Full+3000-Year+Tradition&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-307-48147-4&rft.au=Barnstone%2C+Tony+and+Chou+Ping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaoH11JVHs4AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris_Review-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Review_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHa2019" class="citation news cs1">Ha, Jin (23 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/01/23/the-poet-with-many-names-and-many-deaths/">"The Poet with Many Names—and Many Deaths"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=The+Poet+with+Many+Names%E2%80%94and+Many+Deaths&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft.aulast=Ha&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F01%2F23%2Fthe-poet-with-many-names-and-many-deaths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obata, Part III</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beckwith,_127-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beckwith,_127_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beckwith, 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sun,_20-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_20_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obata, 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 57–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elling Eide, "On Li Po", <i>Perspectives on the T'ang</i> (New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 1973), 388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eide (1973), 389.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 1982, 20 and 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu,_58-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_58_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 58. Translation by Wu. Note that by <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">East Asian age reckoning</a>, this would be fourteen rather than fifteen years old.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 24, 25, and 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 58–59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu,_59-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_59_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obata, 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu,_60-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_60_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_60_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu,_61-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wu,_61_24-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-govyd-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-govyd_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053601/http://www.anlu.gov.cn/alweb/index/xiangzhen.shtml?subjectId=43de60f611854494b1187f0854e4144c">"中国安陆网–乡镇烟店镇简介"</a> [Anlu, China Website-Township-Level Divisions Yandian Town Overview]. <i>中国安陆网</i> (in Chinese). 中共安陆市委安陆市人民政府中共安陆市委宣传部安陆市互联网信息中心. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anlu.gov.cn/alweb/index/xiangzhen.shtml?subjectId=43de60f611854494b1187f0854e4144c">the original</a> on 19 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>烟店镇人文底蕴深厚，诗仙李白"酒隐安陆，蹉跎十年"，谪居于此。"问余何意栖碧山，笑而不答心自闲。桃花流水窅然去，别有天地非人间。"这首《山中问答》中的碧山就是位于烟店镇的白兆山，李白在白兆山居住期间，</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E9%99%86%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E9%99%86%E7%BD%91%E2%80%93%E4%B9%A1%E9%95%87+%E7%83%9F%E5%BA%97%E9%95%87%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anlu.gov.cn%2Falweb%2Findex%2Fxiangzhen.shtml%3FsubjectId%3D43de60f611854494b1187f0854e4144c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sun,_24_and_25-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_24_and_25_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_24_and_25_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 24 and 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sun,_26_and_27-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_26_and_27_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 26 and 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sun,_26_and_27_and_318-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sun,_26_and_27_and_318_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 26 and 27 and 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 26–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mag-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mag_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mag_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelbin,_Charles_and_T.R._Wang" class="citation web cs1">Belbin, Charles and T.R. Wang. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006075209/http://www.flashpointmag.com/libai10.htm">"Going Up To Sun Terrace by Li Bai: An Explication, Translation & History"</a>. <i>Flashpoint Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flashpointmag.com/libai10.htm">the original</a> on 6 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011</span>. <q>It is now housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing. Scholars commonly acknowledge it as authentic and the only known surviving piece of calligraphy by Li Bai.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flashpoint+Magazine&rft.atitle=Going+Up+To+Sun+Terrace+by+Li+Bai%3A+An+Explication%2C+Translation+%26+History&rft.au=Belbin%2C+Charles+and+T.R.+Wang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flashpointmag.com%2Flibai10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arts-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arts_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArts_of_Asia:_Volume_302000" class="citation book cs1">Arts of Asia: Volume 30 (2000). <i>Selected paintings and calligraphy acquired by the Palace Museum in the last fifty years</i>. Arts of Asia. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+paintings+and+calligraphy+acquired+by+the+Palace+Museum+in+the+last+fifty+years&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Arts+of+Asia&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Arts+of+Asia%3A+Volume+30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Kroll, "Poetry of the T’ang Dynasty," in <a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Mair" title="Victor H. Mair">Victor H. Mair</a>, ed., <i>The Columbia History of Chinese Literature.</i> (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-10984-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-10984-9">0-231-10984-9</a>), pp. 278–282, section "The Sources and Their Limitations" describes this history.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun, 28–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Kroll, "Poetry of the T’ang Dynasty," in <a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Mair" title="Victor H. Mair">Victor H. Mair</a>, ed., <i><a href="/wiki/The_Columbia_History_of_Chinese_Literature" title="The Columbia History of Chinese Literature">The Columbia History of Chinese Literature</a>.</i> (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-10984-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-10984-9">0-231-10984-9</a>), p. 296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson,_141-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_141_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 141–142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson,_142-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_142_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James J.Y. Liu. <i>The Art of Chinese Poetry.</i> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-48686-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-48686-9">0-226-48686-9</a>), p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Hung. <i>Tu Fu: China's Greatest Poet</i>. (Cambridge,: Harvard University Press, 1952), p 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson,_143-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_143_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_143_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson,_143_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOwen1996404-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOwen1996404_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOwen1996">Owen (1996)</a>, p. 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOwen1996403–04-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOwen1996403–04_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOwen1996">Owen (1996)</a>, pp. 403–04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James J.Y. Liu. <i>The Art of Chinese Poetry.</i> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-48686-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-48686-9">0-226-48686-9</a>) p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinawhisper.com/top-10-most-influential-chinese-poems-in-history/">"Top 10 most influential Chinese classical poems"</a>. <i>chinawhisper.com</i>. China whisper. 13 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinawhisper.com&rft.atitle=Top+10+most+influential+Chinese+classical+poems&rft.date=2013-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinawhisper.com%2Ftop-10-most-influential-chinese-poems-in-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shisou(Thickets of Poetic Criticism)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Selections of Tang Poetry</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarsano2014-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarsano2014_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarsano2014">Varsano (2014)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frankel, 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>How to read Chinese poetry: a guided anthology</i> By Zong-qi Cai p. 210. Columbia University Press <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u-oTHkUit_kC&q=%22Li+Bai%22&pg=PA211">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Speaking of Chinese By Raymond Chang, Margaret Scrogin Chang p. 176 WW Norton & Company <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i2xrmK_GZ4kC&dq=Chinese+Poet+%22Li+Bai%22&pg=PA174">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obata, Shigeyoshi (1923). <i>The Works of Li Po, the Chinese Poet</i> (J.M. Dent & Co, ). <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000KL7LXI">B000KL7LXI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(2008, ISRC BR-OQQ-08-00002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pound-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pound_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pound_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pound_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pound, Ezra (1915). <i>Cathay</i> (Elkin Mathews, London). <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00085NWJI">B00085NWJI</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bethge, Hans (2001). <i>Die Chinesische Flöte</i> (YinYang Media Verlag, Kelkheim, Germany). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-9806799-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-9806799-5-4">978-3-9806799-5-4</a>. Re-issue of the 1907 edition (Insel Verlag, Leipzig).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spiritualecology.info/supplemental-information/research-notes/snyder/">"Snyder"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snyder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspiritualecology.info%2Fsupplemental-information%2Fresearch-notes%2Fsnyder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obata,_v-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Obata,_v_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obata,_v_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Obata, v</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saint-Denys-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saint-Denys_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> D'Hervey de Saint-Denys (1862). <i>Poésies de l'Époque des Thang</i> (Amyot, Paris). See Minford, John and Lau, Joseph S. M. (2000). <i>Classic Chinese Literature</i> (Columbia University Press) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-09676-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-09676-8">978-0-231-09676-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obata, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/workslipochines00conggoog">p. v.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obata, v–vi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacket2.org/commentary/wcws-voice-near-end-green-moss">"WCW's voice near the end: Green moss | Jacket2"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WCW%27s+voice+near+the+end%3A+Green+moss+%26%23124%3B+Jacket2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacket2.org%2Fcommentary%2Fwcws-voice-near-end-green-moss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ch 19 "Li Bo (701–762): The Banished Immortal" Introduction by Burton Watson; translations by Elling Eide; Ezra Pound; Arthur Cooper, David Young; five poems in multiple translations, in John Minford and Joseph S. M. Lau, eds., <i>Classical Chinese Literature</i> (New York; Hong Kong: Columbia University Press; The Chinese University Press, 2000), pp. 721–763.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolling2024" class="citation cs2">Dolling, Susan Wan (2024), <i>Superstars: My China in Tang Poetry, Book 1</i>, Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/Earnshaw_Books" title="Earnshaw Books">Earnshaw Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789888843718" title="Special:BookSources/9789888843718"><bdi>9789888843718</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Superstars%3A+My+China+in+Tang+Poetry%2C+Book+1&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Earnshaw+Books&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9789888843718&rft.aulast=Dolling&rft.aufirst=Susan+Wan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UhSsPhIpqM"><i>Total War: THREE KINGDOMS - Liu Bei Launch Trailer</i></a>, 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Total+War%3A+THREE+KINGDOMS+-+Liu+Bei+Launch+Trailer&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4UhSsPhIpqM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodrick2020" class="citation web cs1">Woodrick, Sam (10 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gamerant.com/civilization-6-great-writers-use-how/">"Civilization 6: How to Use Great Writers"</a>. <i>Game Rant</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Game+Rant&rft.atitle=Civilization+6%3A+How+to+Use+Great+Writers&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft.aulast=Woodrick&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgamerant.com%2Fcivilization-6-great-writers-use-how%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations_into_English">Translations into English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Translations into English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cooper_(translator)" title="Arthur Cooper (translator)">Cooper, Arthur</a> (1973). <i>Li Po and Tu Fu: Poems Selected and Translated with an Introduction and Notes</i> (Penguin Classics, 1973). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044272-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044272-4">978-0-14-044272-4</a>.</li> <li>Dolling, Susan Wan (2024). <i>My China in Tang Poetry, Book 1: Superstars</i> (Hong Kong: Earnshaw Books). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9888843718" title="Special:BookSources/978-9888843718">978-9888843718</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hinton" title="David Hinton">Hinton, David</a> (2008). <i>Classical Chinese Poetry: An Anthology</i>. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-374-10536-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-374-10536-7">0-374-10536-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-10536-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-10536-5">978-0-374-10536-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hinton" title="David Hinton">Hinton, David</a> (1998). <i>The Selected Poems of Li Po</i> (Anvil Press Poetry, 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85646-291-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85646-291-7">978-0-85646-291-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoak" title="Keith Holyoak">Holyoak, Keith</a> (translator) (2007). <i>Facing the Moon: Poems of Li Bai and Du Fu</i>. (Durham, NH: <a href="/wiki/Oyster_River_Press" title="Oyster River Press">Oyster River Press</a>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-882291-04-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-882291-04-5">978-1-882291-04-5</a></li> <li>Obata, Shigeyoshi (1922). <i>The Works of Li Po, the Chinese Poet.</i> (New York: Dutton). Reprinted: New York: Paragon, 1965. <a href="//archive.org/details/workslipochines00conggoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:workslipochines00conggoog">Free E-Book</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Owen_(sinologist)" title="Stephen Owen (sinologist)">Owen, Stephen</a> (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anthologyofchine00step"><i>An Anthology of Chinese Literature: Beginnings to 1911</i></a></span>. New York: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97106-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97106-6"><bdi>0-393-97106-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anthology+of+Chinese+Literature%3A+Beginnings+to+1911&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-393-97106-6&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanthologyofchine00step&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound, Ezra</a> (1915). <i>Cathay</i> (Elkin Mathews, London). <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00085NWJI">B00085NWJI</a></li> <li>Smith, Kidder and Zhai, Mike (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://punctumbooks.com/titles/li-bo-unkempt/"><i>Li Bo Unkempt</i>.</a> Punctum Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1953035418" title="Special:BookSources/1953035418">1953035418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McBirney_Stimson" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh McBirney Stimson">Stimson, Hugh M.</a> (1976). <i>Fifty-five T'ang Poems</i>. Far Eastern Publications: Yale University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88710-026-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88710-026-0">0-88710-026-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Seth" title="Vikram Seth">Seth, Vikram</a> (translator) (1992). <i>Three Chinese Poets: Translations of Poems by Wang Wei, Li Bai, and Du Fu</i>. (London: Faber & Faber). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-16653-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-16653-9">0-571-16653-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Weinberger" title="Eliot Weinberger">Weinberger, Eliot</a>. <i>The New Directions Anthology of Classical Chinese Poetry</i>. (New York: New Directions, 2004). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8112-1605-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8112-1605-5">0-8112-1605-5</a>. Introduction, with translations by <a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">William Carlos Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth" title="Kenneth Rexroth">Kenneth Rexroth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a>, and David Hinton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Watson" title="Burton Watson">Watson, Burton (1971)</a>. <i>Chinese Lyricism: Shih Poetry from the Second to the Twelfth Century</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-03464-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-03464-4">0-231-03464-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mao, Xian (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_mwIyMuB73YC"><i>Children's Version of 60 Classical Chinese Poems</i></a>. eBook: Kindle Direct Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4685-5904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4685-5904-0"><bdi>978-1-4685-5904-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Children%27s+Version+of+60+Classical+Chinese+Poems&rft.place=eBook&rft.pub=Kindle+Direct+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4685-5904-0&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=Xian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_mwIyMuB73YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yu_(director)" title="Sun Yu (director)">Sun, Yu</a> [孫瑜], translation, introduction, and commentary (1982). <i>Li Po-A New Translation 李白詩新譯</i>. Hong Kong: The Commercial Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-07-1025-8" title="Special:BookSources/962-07-1025-8">962-07-1025-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_and_criticism">Background and criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Background and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edkins" title="Joseph Edkins">Edkins, Joseph</a> (1888). "Li Tai-po as a Poet", <i>The <a href="/wiki/China_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="China Review">China Review</a></i>, Vol. 17 No. 1 (1888 Jul) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/26/2602182.pdf">[3]</a>. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/result.jsp?noOfRec=20&totalRec=182&img=h&firstRec=61">[4]</a>, 19 January 2011.</li> <li>Eide, Elling (1973). "On Li Po", in <i>Perspectives on the T'ang</i>. New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 367–403.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fr%C3%A4nkel" title="Hans Fränkel">Frankel, Hans H.</a> (1978). <i>The Flowering Plum and the Palace Lady</i>. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-02242-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-02242-5">0-300-02242-5</a>.</li> <li>Kroll, Paul (2001). "Poetry of the T’ang Dynasty," in <a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Mair" title="Victor H. Mair">Victor H. Mair</a>. ed., <i>The Columbia History of Chinese Literature.</i> (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-10984-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-10984-9">0-231-10984-9</a>, pp. 274–313.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Owen_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Owen (academic)">Stephen Owen</a> 'Li Po: a new concept of genius," in Stephen Owen. <i>The Great Age of Chinese Poetry : The High T'ang.</i> (New Haven Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02367-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02367-1">978-0-300-02367-1</a>.</li> <li>Varsano, Paula M. (2003). <i>Tracking the Banished Immortal: The Poetry of Li Bo and its Critical Reception</i> (University of Hawai'i Press, 2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2573-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2573-7">978-0-8248-2573-7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v9dX7fh4OWgC">[5]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarsano2014" class="citation journal cs1">—— (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/document/obo-9780199920082/obo-9780199920082-0106.xml">"Li Bai and Du Fu"</a>. <i>Oxford Bibliographies Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199920082-0106">10.1093/obo/9780199920082-0106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199920082" title="Special:BookSources/9780199920082"><bdi>9780199920082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies+Online&rft.atitle=Li+Bai+and+Du+Fu&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199920082-0106&rft.isbn=9780199920082&rft.aulast=Varsano&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780199920082%2Fobo-9780199920082-0106.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Bai" class="Z3988"></span>. Lists and evaluates scholarship and translations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Waley" title="Arthur Waley">Waley, Arthur</a> (1950). <i>The Poetry and Career of Li Po</i> (New York: MacMillan, 1950). <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0006ASTS4">B0006ASTS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ching_Hsiung_Wu" title="John Ching Hsiung Wu">Wu, John C.H.</a> (1972). <i>The Four Seasons of Tang Poetry</i>. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-0197-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-0197-3">978-0-8048-0197-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hsieh, Chinghsuan Lily. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1086095656&disposition=inline">Chinese Poetry of Li Po Set by Four Twentieth Century British Composers: Bantock, Warlock, Bliss and Lambert</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117220133/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1086095656&disposition=inline">Archive</a>) (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>, 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/47515">Li Bo Unkempt</a> / <i>Kidder Smith, Mike Zhai</i> // <a href="/wiki/Punctum_Books" title="Punctum Books">Punctum Books</a>, 2021. — <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781953035417" title="Special:BookSources/9781953035417">9781953035417</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781953035424" title="Special:BookSources/9781953035424">9781953035424</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21983%2FP3.0322.1.00">10.21983/P3.0322.1.00</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Bai&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Li Bai</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Li_Bai" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Li Bai">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Li_Bai" class="extiw" title="q:Li Bai">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Li_Bai" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Li Bai">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7071" class="extiw" title="d:Q7071">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="zh" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%94%90%E8%A9%A9%E4%B8%89%E7%99%BE%E9%A6%96" class="extiw" title="s:zh:唐詩三百首">In Chinese: text of <i>Three Hundred Tang Poems</i> includes 34 poems by Li</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/26288">Works by Li Bai</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li></ul> <p>Online translations (some with original Chinese, pronunciation, and literal translation): </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackcatpoems.com/b/li_bai.html">Li Bai: Poems</a> Extensive collection of Li Bai poems in English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinese-poems.com/lb.html">20 Li Bai poems</a>, in Chinese using simplified and traditional characters and pinyin, with literal and literary English translations by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070820010121/http://www.dmoz.org/profiles/markalexander100.html">Mark Alexander</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wengu.tartarie.com/wg/wengu.php?l=Tangshi&auteur=Li_Bai&no=-1">34 Li Bai poems</a>, in Chinese with English translation by <a href="/wiki/Witter_Bynner" title="Witter Bynner">Witter Bynner</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Three_Hundred_Tang_Poems" title="Three Hundred Tang Poems">Three Hundred Tang Poems</a> anthology.</li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/cathayezrapound00pounrich" class="extiw" title="iarchive:cathayezrapound00pounrich">Complete text of <i>Cathay</i></a>, the Ezra Pound/<a href="/wiki/Ernest_Fenollosa" title="Ernest Fenollosa">Ernest Fenollosa</a> translations of poems principally by Li Po (J., Rihaku)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131129185630/http://www.mountainsongs.net/poet_.php?id=101">Profile</a> Variety of translations of Li Bai's poetry by a range of translators, along with photographs of geographical sites relevant to his life.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16500/16500-0.txt">At Project Gutenberg</a> from <i>More Translations From The Chinese</i> by Arthur Waley, 1919 (includes six titles of poems by Li Po).</li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/workslipochines00conggoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:workslipochines00conggoog">The works of Li Po, the Chinese poet, translated by Shigeyoshi Obata</a>, Obata's 1922 translation.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poemhunter.com/li-po/">Li Po's poems at PoemHunter.com site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/3142">Works by Li Bai</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silkqin.com/09hist/qinshibu/libai.htm">John Thompson on Li Bai and the qin musical instrument</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong%27s_campaign_against_Xueyantuo" title="Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xueyantuo">Tang–Xueyantuo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Goguryeo–Tang War">Goguryeo–Tang War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baekje%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Baekje–Tang War">Baekje–Tang War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silla%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Silla–Tang War">Silla–Tang War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Tang–Tibet relations">Tang–Tibet relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_campaigns_against_the_Western_Turks" title="Tang campaigns against the Western Turks">Tang–Western Turks War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_campaign_against_the_oasis_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang campaign against the oasis states">Oasis states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_campaign_against_Karakhoja" title="Tang campaign against Karakhoja">Karakhoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_campaigns_against_Karasahr" title="Tang campaigns against Karasahr">Karasahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_campaign_against_Kucha" title="Tang campaign against Kucha">Kucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Western_Turks" title="Conquest of the Western Turks">Conquest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talas" title="Battle of Talas">Battle of Talas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_rebellion" title="An Lushan rebellion">An Lushan rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty_between_China_and_Tibet_(783)" title="Peace treaty between China and Tibet (783)">Qingshui Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niu%E2%80%93Li_factional_strife" title="Niu–Li factional strife">Niu–Li factional strife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changqing_Treaty" title="Changqing Treaty">Changqing Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Dew_incident" title="Sweet Dew incident">Sweet Dew incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhao#Territorial_expansion" title="Nanzhao">Tang-Nanzhao conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang-Nanzhao_conflicts_in_Annan" title="Tang-Nanzhao conflicts in Annan">Annan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Songping" title="Siege of Songping">Songping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao_Rebellion" title="Huang Chao Rebellion">Huang Chao Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joueuse_de_polo_Tang_Guimet_29101.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A ceramic female polo player"><img alt="A ceramic female polo player" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Joueuse_de_polo_Tang_Guimet_29101.jpg/120px-Joueuse_de_polo_Tang_Guimet_29101.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Joueuse_de_polo_Tang_Guimet_29101.jpg/180px-Joueuse_de_polo_Tang_Guimet_29101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Joueuse_de_polo_Tang_Guimet_29101.jpg/240px-Joueuse_de_polo_Tang_Guimet_29101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1640" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="List of emperors of the Tang dynasty">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Li" title="House of Li">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Chinese_monarchs_(middle)#Tang_and_Wu_Zhou_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle)">Family tree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Administrative divisions of the Tang dynasty">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_system" title="Jimi system">Jimi system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanzhen" title="Fanzhen">Fanzhen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Fanzhen_of_Hebei" title="Three Fanzhen of Hebei">Hebei</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination#Tang_dynasty_(618–907)" title="Imperial examination">Imperial examinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_official_headwear" title="Tang official headwear">Official headwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Military history of the Tang dynasty">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">Jiedushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guards_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Imperial Guards (Tang dynasty)">Imperial guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shence_Army" title="Shence Army">Shence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Military_Affairs" title="Bureau of Military Affairs">Shumiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_the_Tang_military" title="Turks in the Tang military">Turkic generals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Departments_and_Six_Ministries#Three_Departments" title="Three Departments and Six Ministries">Three Departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Affairs">Department of State Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshu_Sheng" title="Zhongshu Sheng">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menxia_Sheng" title="Menxia Sheng">Chancellery</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Secretariat-Chancellery" title="Secretariat-Chancellery">Secretariat-Chancellery</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Departments_and_Six_Ministries#Six_Ministries" title="Three Departments and Six Ministries">Six Ministries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel" title="Ministry of Personnel">Ministry of Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Revenue_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of Revenue (imperial China)">Ministry of Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rites" title="Ministry of Rites">Ministry of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of War (imperial China)">Ministry of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of Justice (imperial China)">Ministry of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Works_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of Works (imperial China)">Ministry of Works</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Protectorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Tang dynasty in Inner Asia">Tang dynasty in Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">Protectorate General to Pacify the West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Garrisons_of_Anxi" title="Four Garrisons of Anxi">Four Garrisons of Anxi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiting_Protectorate" title="Beiting Protectorate">Beiting Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_North" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the North">Protectorate General to Pacify the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the South">Protectorate General to Pacify the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_East" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the East">Protectorate General to Pacify the East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ungjin_Commandery" title="Ungjin Commandery">Ungjin Commandery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyerim_Territory_Area_Command" title="Gyerim Territory Area Command">Gyerim Territory Area Command</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty_art" title="Tang dynasty art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancai" title="Sancai">Sancai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_poetry" title="Tang poetry">Poetry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Hundred_Tang_Poems" title="Three Hundred Tang Poems">Three Hundred Tang Poems</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_card#China" title="Playing card">Playing card</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Palace_Concert" title="A Palace Concert">A Palace Concert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_Receiving_the_Tibetan_Envoy" title="Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy">Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huaisu%27s_Autobiography" title="Huaisu's Autobiography">Huaisu's Autobiography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night-Shining_White" title="Night-Shining White">Night-Shining White</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_statues:_Kashyapa_and_Ananda" title="Companion statues: Kashyapa and Ananda">Kashyapa & Ananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Steeds_of_Zhao_Mausoleum" title="Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum">Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autumn_Dew" class="mw-redirect" title="Autumn Dew">Autumn Dew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazu_Rock_Carvings" title="Dazu Rock Carvings">Dazu Rock Carvings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan_Giant_Buddha" title="Leshan Giant Buddha">Leshan Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongxian_Giant_Buddha" title="Rongxian Giant Buddha">Rongxian Giant Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand-Buddha_Cliff" title="Thousand-Buddha Cliff">Thousand-Buddha Cliff</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daoxuan" title="Daoxuan">Daoxuan</a> (596–667) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Design_for_Buddhist_Temple_Construction" title="Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction">Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhangsun" title="Empress Zhangsun">Empress Zhangsun</a> (601–636)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianji" title="Bianji">Bianji</a> (7th c.) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Tang_Records_on_the_Western_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tang Records on the Western Regions">Great Tang Records on the Western Regions</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Huan" title="Du Huan">Du Huan</a> (751–762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Xingjian" title="Bai Xingjian">Bai Xingjian</a> (776–826) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Li_Wa" title="The Tale of Li Wa">The Tale of Li Wa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Yu" title="Lu Yu">Lu Yu</a> (733–804) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Classic_of_Tea" title="The Classic of Tea">The Classic of Tea</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Guangting" title="Du Guangting">Du Guangting</a> (850–933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yunsong" title="Yang Yunsong">Yang Yunsong</a> (9th c.) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Satchel_Classic" title="Green Satchel Classic">Green Satchel Classic</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Hundred_Tang_Poems#Poets" title="Three Hundred Tang Poems">Poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Binwang" title="Luo Binwang">Luo Binwang</a> (619–684)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Shenyan" title="Du Shenyan">Du Shenyan</a> (645–708)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Bo_(poet)" title="Wang Bo (poet)">Wang Bo</a> (650–676)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zi%27ang" title="Chen Zi'ang">Chen Zi'ang</a> (656–702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhizhang" title="He Zhizhang">He Zhizhang</a> (659–744)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jiuling" title="Zhang Jiuling">Zhang Jiuling</a> (673–740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Haoran" title="Meng Haoran">Meng Haoran</a> (689–740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qi_(poet)" title="Li Qi (poet)">Li Qi</a> (690–751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Changling" title="Wang Changling">Wang Changling</a> (698–756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Wei_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Wei (Tang dynasty)">Wang Wei</a> (699–759)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li Bai</a> (701–762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Shi" title="Gao Shi">Gao Shi</a> (704–765)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhangqing" title="Liu Zhangqing">Liu Zhangqing</a> (709–785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> (712–770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ji_(poet_from_Hubei)" title="Zhang Ji (poet from Hubei)">Zhang Ji</a> (712–779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cen_Shen" title="Cen Shen">Cen Shen</a> (715–770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bi" title="Li Bi">Li Bi</a> (722–789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Yingwu" title="Wei Yingwu">Wei Yingwu</a> (737–792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Lun" title="Lu Lun">Lu Lun</a> (739–799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Yu" title="Han Yu">Han Yu</a> (768–824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuxi" title="Liu Yuxi">Liu Yuxi</a> (772–842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a> (772–846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zongyuan" title="Liu Zongyuan">Liu Zongyuan</a> (773–819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Zhen" title="Yuan Zhen">Yuan Zhen</a> (779–831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ye_(poet)" title="Li Ye (poet)">Li Ye</a> (d. 784)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_He" title="Li He">Li He</a> (790–817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niu_Yingzhen" title="Niu Yingzhen">Niu Yingzhen</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xu" title="Zhang Xu">Zhang Xu</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Mu" title="Du Mu">Du Mu</a> (803–852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Tingyun" title="Wen Tingyun">Wen Tingyun</a> (812–866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shangyin" title="Li Shangyin">Li Shangyin</a> (813–858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Xuanqing" title="Mo Xuanqing">Mo Xuanqing</a> (834-?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Xuanji" title="Yu Xuanji">Yu Xuanji</a> (840–868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Qiuniang" title="Du Qiuniang">Du Qiuniang</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%AAu_H%E1%BB%AFu_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Liêu Hữu Phương">Liêu Hữu Phương</a> (9th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty_painting" title="Tang dynasty painting">Painters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Liben" title="Yan Liben">Yan Liben</a> (600–673)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Daozi" title="Wu Daozi">Wu Daozi</a> (680–760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Wei_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Wei (Tang dynasty)">Wang Wei</a> (699–759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%9Ba_%C4%AArasang%C3%A4" title="Viśa Īrasangä">Viśa Īrasangä</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Gan" title="Han Gan">Han Gan</a> (706–783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xuan" title="Zhang Xuan">Zhang Xuan</a> (713–755)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Huang" title="Han Huang">Han Huang</a> (723–787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Fang_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Zhou Fang (Tang dynasty)">Zhou Fang</a> (730–780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanxiu" title="Guanxiu">Guanxiu</a> (832–912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Hao" title="Jing Hao">Jing Hao</a> (855–915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Wei_(painter)" title="Sun Wei (painter)">Sun Wei</a> (9th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism#Tang_Dynasty_(618–907_CE)" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jizang" title="Jizang">Jizang</a> (549–623)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daochuo" title="Daochuo">Daochuo</a> (562–645)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shandao</a> (613–681)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> (fl 602–664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiji" title="Kuiji">Kuiji</a> (632–682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yijing_(monk)" title="Yijing (monk)">Yijing</a> (635–713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faru_(monk)" title="Faru (monk)">Faru</a> (638–689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrabodhi" title="Vajrabodhi">Vajrabodhi</a> (671–741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzhen" title="Jianzhen">Jianzhen</a> (688–763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavajra" title="Amoghavajra">Amoghavajra</a> (705–774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazu_Daoyi" title="Mazu Daoyi">Mazu Daoyi</a> (709–788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baizhang_Huaihai" title="Baizhang Huaihai">Baizhang Huaihai</a> (720–814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wukong_(monk)" title="Wukong (monk)">Wukong</a> (730–790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaoshan_Weiyan" title="Yaoshan Weiyan">Yaoshan Weiyan</a> (745–827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiguo" title="Huiguo">Huiguo</a> (746–805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puhua" title="Puhua">Puhua</a> (770–860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaozhou_Congshen" title="Zhaozhou Congshen">Zhaozhou Congshen</a> (778–897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhisheng" title="Zhisheng">Zhisheng</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongshan_Liangjie" title="Dongshan Liangjie">Dongshan Liangjie</a> (807–869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunmen_Wenyan" title="Yunmen Wenyan">Yunmen Wenyan</a> (862–949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gik%C5%AB" title="Gikū">Gikū</a> (9th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taoism#Tang_Dynasty_(618–907)" title="History of Taoism">Taoism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Xuanying" title="Cheng Xuanying">Cheng Xuanying</a> (fl 631–655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Dongbin" title="Lü Dongbin">Lü Dongbin</a> (796-?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Yu" title="Han Yu">Han Yu</a> (768–824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ao_(philosopher)" title="Li Ao (philosopher)">Li Ao</a> (772–841)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_Yingda" title="Kong Yingda">Kong Yingda</a> (574–648)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_China" title="Church of the East in China">Church of the East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Stele" title="Xi'an Stele">Xi'an Stele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_during_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Islam during the Tang dynasty">Islam during the Tang dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Science and technology of the Tang dynasty">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaotong" title="Wang Xiaotong">Wang Xiaotong</a> (580–640) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jigu_Suanjing" title="Jigu Suanjing">Jigu Suanjing</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jingzong" title="Xu Jingzong">Xu Jingzong</a> (592–672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Lingzan" title="Liang Lingzan">Liang Lingzan</a> <ul><li><i>The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Chunfeng" title="Li Chunfeng">Li Chunfeng</a> (602–670) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Computational_Canons" title="Ten Computational Canons">Ten Computational Canons</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Su Jing <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Xinxiu_bencao" title="Xinxiu bencao">Xinxiu bencao</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Simiao" title="Sun Simiao">Sun Simiao</a> (d. 682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Xing" title="Yi Xing">Yi Xing</a> (683–727)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Siddha" title="Gautama Siddha">Gautama Siddha</a> (fl 714–724) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Astrology_of_the_Kaiyuan_Era" title="Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era">Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Dan" title="Jia Dan">Jia Dan</a> (730–805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothbrush" title="Toothbrush">Toothbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">Woodblock printing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwu_Qi" title="Diwu Qi">Diwu Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Liu Yan (Tang dynasty)">Liu Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Tongbao" title="Kaiyuan Tongbao">Kaiyuan Tongbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Commission" title="Salt Commission">Salt Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_cash" title="Flying cash">Flying cash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/19px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/29px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/38px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7071#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4091" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7071#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4091" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7071#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121470982">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108726426">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1427295/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkD6mxFGWPw6qjgw7HcT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118934163">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50062078">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119129361">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119129361">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00315906">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36730187">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000603747&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1037299">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/74007">Portugal</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1671553">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p140987312">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11071144">Norway</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90081616">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=002203490&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000134682&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000081856&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000810302">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=92891">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200104018">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nqlhxv1b7wbnz">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810660556505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007264407505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000075978">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512906606706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14702209">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01060540?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a1a8f59e-a5a3-4152-9fab-a15ab5eff21d">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118934163">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1390181">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118934163.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118934163">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026989395">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66t0zb1">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/30097996">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from 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