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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Protestantism_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Protestantism in India">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Protestantism+in+India%22">"Protestantism in India"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Protestantism+in+India%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Protestantism+in+India%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Protestantism+in+India%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Protestantism+in+India%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Protestantism+in+India%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Protestants in India</b> are a minority and a sub-section of <a href="/wiki/Christians_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians in India">Christians in India</a> and also to a certain extent the <a href="/wiki/Christians_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians in Pakistan">Christians in Pakistan</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>, that adhere to some or all of the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. Protestants in India are a small minority in a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> majority country, but form majorities in the north-eastern states of <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>. They are also significant minorities in <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan region">Konkan region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, with various communities in east coast and northern states. Protestants can trace their origins back to the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Revolution_of_the_16th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Revolution of the 16th century">Protestant Revolution of the 16th century</a>. There are an estimated 20 million Protestants and 16 million Pentecostals in India.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_2015_p._68_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt_2015_p._68-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_India">Colonial India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Calcutta_(Kolkata)_-_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Calcutta_%28Kolkata%29_-_1865.jpg/250px-St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Calcutta_%28Kolkata%29_-_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Calcutta_%28Kolkata%29_-_1865.jpg/375px-St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Calcutta_%28Kolkata%29_-_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Calcutta_%28Kolkata%29_-_1865.jpg/500px-St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_-_Calcutta_%28Kolkata%29_-_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Kolkata" title="St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata">St. Paul's Cathedral</a> was built in 1847 and served as the <a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">chair</a> of the Bishop of Calcutta, who served as the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_India,_Burma_and_Ceylon" title="Church of India, Burma and Ceylon">Church of India, Burma and Ceylon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Buchanan2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buchanan2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglican Church</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established church</a> of England, "it had an impact on India with the arrival of the British".<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_White_(orientalist)" title="Joseph White (orientalist)">Joseph White</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Laudian_Professor_of_Arabic" title="Laudian Professor of Arabic">Laudian Professor of Arabic</a> at the University of Oxford, "preached before the university in 1784 on the duty of promoting the universal and progressive message of Christianity 'among our Mahometan and Gentoo Subjects in India'."<sup id="cite_ref-Marriott2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marriott2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1889, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a> expressed similar sentiments, stating that "It is not only our duty but is in our interest to promote the diffusion of Christianity as far as possible throughout the length and breadth of India."<sup id="cite_ref-Kanjamala2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanjamala2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growth of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> led to the arrival of many <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> chaplains in India.<sup id="cite_ref-Tovey2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tovey2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the arrival of the Church of England's <a href="/wiki/Church_Mission_Society" title="Church Mission Society">Church Mission Society</a> in 1814, the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Calcutta_of_the_Church_of_North_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Calcutta of the Church of North India">Diocese of Calcutta</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_India,_Burma_and_Ceylon" title="Church of India, Burma and Ceylon">Church of India, Burma and Ceylon</a> (CIBC) was erected, with its <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Kolkata" title="St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata">St. Paul's Cathedral</a> being built in 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2014_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1930, the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon had fourteen <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> across the Indian Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-BCC1940_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCC1940-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Missionaries from other <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a> came to British India as well; <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> missionaries, for example, arrived in Calcutta in 1836 and by "the year 1880 there were over 31,200 Lutheran Christians spread out in 1,052 villages".<sup id="cite_ref-Kanjamala2014_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanjamala2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a> began arriving in India in 1783 and established <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">missions</a> with a focus on "education, health ministry, and evangelism".<sup id="cite_ref-AbrahamKirby2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbrahamKirby2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jr2014_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr2014-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1790s, Christians from the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Missionary Society">Baptist Missionary Society</a>, began doing missionary work in the Indian Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FrykenbergLow2003_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrykenbergLow2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Neyyoor" title="Neyyoor">Neyoor</a>, the London Missionary Society Hospital "pioneered improvements in the public health system for the treatment of diseases even before organized attempts were made by the colonial Madras Presidency, reducing the death rate substantially".<sup id="cite_ref-LucykLoewenau2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LucykLoewenau2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1857, the establishment of schools and hospitals by British Christian missionaries became the "a pivotal feature of missionary work and the principal vehicles for conversion".<sup id="cite_ref-CraneMohanram2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CraneMohanram2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jr2014_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr2014-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_College,_Kanpur" title="Christ Church College, Kanpur">Christ Church College</a> (1866) and <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_College,_Delhi" title="St. Stephen's College, Delhi">St. Stephen's College</a> (1881) are two examples of prominent church-affiliated educational institutions founded during the colonial period India.<sup id="cite_ref-CarpenterGlanzer2014_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CarpenterGlanzer2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within educational institutions established during the British Raj in India, Christian texts, especially the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Bible">Bible</a>, were a part of the curricula.<sup id="cite_ref-CraneMohanram2013_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CraneMohanram2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the colonial era in India, Christian missionaries developed writing systems for Indian languages that previously did not have one.<sup id="cite_ref-AKanjamala2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKanjamala2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhaṭṭācāryya1969_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhaṭṭācāryya1969-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian missionaries in India also worked to increase literacy and also engaged in social activism, such as fighting against prostitution, championing the right of widowed women to remarry, and trying to stop early marriages for women.<sup id="cite_ref-Mullin2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mullin2014-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among British women, <a href="/wiki/Zenana_missions" title="Zenana missions">zenana missions</a> became a popular method to win <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Christianity" title="Conversion to Christianity">converts to Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CraneMohanram2013_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CraneMohanram2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Conference_of_Indian_Christians" title="All India Conference of Indian Christians">All India Conference of Indian Christians</a> (AICIC) played an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>, advocating for <a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">swaraj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the partition of India">opposing the partition of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas1974_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas1974-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AICIC also was opposed to separate electorates for Christians, believing that the faithful "should participate as common citizens in one common, national political system".<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas1974_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas1974-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oddie2001_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oddie2001-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The All India Conference of Indian Christians and the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Catholic_Union" title="All India Catholic Union">All India Catholic Union</a> formed a working committee with M. Rahnasamy of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_University" title="Andhra University">Andhra University</a> serving as president and B.L. Rallia Ram of <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> serving as General Secretary; in its meeting on 16 April 1947 and 17 April 1947, the joint committee prepared a 13-point memorandum that was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a>, which asked for <a href="/wiki/Religious_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious freedom">religious freedom</a> for both organisations and individuals; this came to be reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas1974_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas1974-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oddie2001_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oddie2001-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_India">Independent India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Independent India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Protestantism_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Protestantism in India">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many Protestant denominations are represented in India, the result of missionary activities throughout the country especially under <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule in India</a>. The largest Protestant denomination in the country is the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a>, since 1947 a union of <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed church">Reformed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregational" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational">Congregational</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/congregation" class="extiw" title="wikt:congregation">congregations</a> with approximately 4 million members as of 2014. The broadly similar <a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a> had 1 million members. (Both churches are in full communion with the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>.) There were about 1.3 million Lutherans, 473,000 Methodists, and 425,000 Baptists as of 1995. </p><p>Pentecostalism, one of the largest Protestant denominations worldwide, is also a rapidly growing denomination in India. It is spreading greatly in <a href="/wiki/Northern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern India">northern India</a> and the southwestern areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. The largest indigenous Pentecostal denominations in India are <a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a> (TPM) and the <a href="/wiki/India_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="India Pentecostal Church of God">India Pentecostal Church of God</a> (IPC). </p><p>As for the smaller denominations, another prominent group is the Brethren. They include <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Brethren" title="Indian Brethren">Indian Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Brethren" title="Kerala Brethren">Kerala Brethren</a> etc. The <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_the_Mennonite_Brethren_Churches_in_India" title="Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Churches in India">Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Churches in India</a> has more than 100,000 members. </p><p>One of the oldest denominations meanwhile is the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church">Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_missionaries">Notable missionaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable missionaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protestant <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a> began to work throughout <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, leading to the growth of different Christian communities. In 1793, <a href="/wiki/William_Carey_(missionary)" title="William Carey (missionary)">William Carey</a>, an English Baptist Minister, came to India as a missionary. He worked in <a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Serampore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> and other cities founding churches. On the educational front, in addition to starting the <a href="/wiki/Serampore_College" title="Serampore College">Serampore College</a>, he also translated the Bible into <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, continuing with these labours until his death in 1834.<a href="/wiki/Anthony_Norris_Groves" title="Anthony Norris Groves">Anthony Norris Groves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> missionary came to India in 1833. He worked in the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari delta</a> area of then <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>, until his death in 1852. </p><p>Missionaries such as <a href="/wiki/Amy_Carmichael" title="Amy Carmichael">Amy Carmichael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ida_S._Scudder" title="Ida S. Scudder">Ida S. Scudder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joyce_M._Woollard" title="Joyce M. Woollard">Joyce M. Woollard</a> continued the work in the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2015 India Demographic and Health Survey, 2.6% of the population is Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-US2022_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US2022-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reports stated that Catholics make up 1.71% of the population, suggesting that less than 0.9% of the country has a Protestant background.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A report in 2021 noted that many Indian Christians share Hindu beliefs, in particular in karma (54%), and reincarnation (29%);<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it also noted that three-quarters of Indian Christians come from a lower-caste background. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protestant_Churches_in_India">Protestant Churches in India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protestant Churches in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_India" title="Category:Christianity in India">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:India_with_Gold_Cross.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Christianity in India"><img alt="Christianity in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/170px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/255px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/340px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Communities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Christians" title="Bengali Christians">Bengali Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettiah_Christians" title="Bettiah Christians">Bettiah Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">Bombay East Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Christians" title="Marathi Christians">Marathi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Christians">Meitei Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Mizoram" title="History of Christianity in Mizoram">Mizo Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nagaland" title="Christianity in Nagaland">Naga Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Christians" title="Punjabi Christians">Punjabi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Christians">Tamil Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Christians" title="Telugu Christians">Telugu Christians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsa_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception">Saint Alphonsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Saint Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonsalo_Garcia" title="Gonsalo Garcia">Saint Gonsalo Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrasia_Eluvathingal" title="Euphrasia Eluvathingal">Saint Euphrasia Eluvathingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriakose_Elias_Chavara" title="Kuriakose Elias Chavara">Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Saint Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Bl.Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth" title="Mar Sabor and Mar Proth">Mar Sabor and Mar Proth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldho_Mor_Baselios" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldho Mor Baselios">Mar Baselios Eldho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paremmakkal_Thoma_Kathanar" title="Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar">Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Cana" title="Thomas of Cana">Thomas of Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Elias_III" title="Ignatius Elias III">Ignatius Elias III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala_Thirumeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Parumala Thirumeni">Mar Gregorios of Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly">Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Panjikaran" title="Joseph C. Panjikaran">Mar Joseph C. Panjikaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Mar_Athanasius_Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan">Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril">Mar Geevarghese Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Ivanios" title="Geevarghese Ivanios">Mar Geevarghese Ivanios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Malpan" title="Abraham Malpan">Abraham Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Maria_Bernini" title="Giuseppe Maria Bernini">Giuseppe Maria Bernini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Sundar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu Sundar Singh">Sadhu Sundar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palackal_Thoma_Malpan" class="mw-redirect" title="Palackal Thoma Malpan">Palackal Thoma Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Augustine_Kandathil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Augustine Kandathil">Mar Augustine Kandathil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_(missionary)" title="William Carey (missionary)">William Carey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist" style="padding-top:0.3em;"> <p><u><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Saint Thomas Christian denominations</a></b></u><br /> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_India" title="Catholic Church in India">Catholic</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Catholic Church">Latin Catholic</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> </p> <dl><dd><i><b>Independent Oriential Orthodox</b></i><br /></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Oriental Protestant Christian</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical</a> </p><p><u><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protestant denominations</a></b></u><br /> <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church">Andhra Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_Jehovah_Shammah" title="Assemblies Jehovah Shammah">Assemblies Jehovah Shammah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Revival_Church" title="Christian Revival Church">Christian Revival Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garo_Baptist_Convention" title="Garo Baptist Convention">Garo Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Brethren" title="Indian Brethren">Indian Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Full_Gospel)_in_India" title="Church of God (Full Gospel) in India">Church of God (Full Gospel)</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Bank_Baptist_Christian_Association" title="North Bank Baptist Christian Association">North Bank Baptist Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church">Northern Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_India" title="Methodist Church in India">Methodist Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Presbyterian Church of India">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_India" title="United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India">United Evangelical Lutheran</a> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India" title="National Council of Churches in India">National Council of Churches in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Conference_of_Indian_Christians" title="All India Conference of Indian Christians">All India Conference of Indian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Catholic_Union" title="All India Catholic Union">All India Catholic Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Assemblies of God in India">Assemblies of God in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ao_Baptist_Arogo_Mungdang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ao Baptist Arogo Mungdang">Ao Baptist Arogo Mungdang</a> (Ao Baptist Churches Convention)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apatani_Christian_Fellowship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apatani Christian Fellowship (page does not exist)">Apatani Christian Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Baptist_Convention" title="Assam Baptist Convention">Assam Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baptist_Christian_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baptist Christian Association (page does not exist)">Baptist Christian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church_of_Mizoram" title="Baptist Church of Mizoram">Baptist Church of Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_North_India" title="Baptist Union of North India">Baptist Union of North India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Mission" title="Basel Mission">Basel Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Baptist_Fellowship" title="Bengal Baptist Fellowship">Bengal Baptist Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Orissa_Bihar_Baptist_Convention" title="Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention">Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Church_in_India" title="Congregational Church in India">Congregational Church in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Baptist_Convention_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Baptist Convention of India (page does not exist)">Evangelical Baptist Convention of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Maraland" title="Evangelical Church of Maraland">Evangelical Church of Maraland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Baptist_Convention" title="Garo Baptist Convention">Garo Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_Association_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gospel Association of India (page does not exist)">Gospel Association of India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=India_Association_of_General_Baptists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India Association of General Baptists (page does not exist)">India Association of General Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="India Evangelical Lutheran Church">India Evangelical Lutheran Church</a> IELC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="Evangelical Church of India">Evangelical Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_Anglong_Baptist_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbi Anglong Baptist Convention">Karbi Anglong Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnataka_Baptist_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnataka Baptist Convention (page does not exist)">Karnataka Baptist Convention</a></li> <li>Lower Assam Baptist Union</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharashtra_Baptist_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharashtra Baptist Society (page does not exist)">Maharashtra Baptist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Baptist_Convention" title="Manipur Baptist Convention">Manipur Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mao_Baptist_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mao Baptist Church (page does not exist)">Mao Baptist Church</a></li> <li>Mennonite Brethren Church India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Nagaland Baptist Church Council">Nagaland Baptist Church Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bank_Baptist_Christian_Association" title="North Bank Baptist Christian Association">North Bank Baptist Christian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orissa_Baptist_Evangelical_Crusade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orissa Baptist Evangelical Crusade (page does not exist)">Orissa Baptist Evangelical Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poumai_Baptist_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poumai Baptist Church (page does not exist)">Poumai Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church in India">Presbyterian Church in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_India_(Reformed)" title="Presbyterian Church in India (Reformed)">Presbyterian Church in India (Reformed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Free_Church_of_Central_India" title="Presbyterian Free Church of Central India">Presbyterian Free Church of Central India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_Baptist_Church_Union" title="Rabha Baptist Church Union">Rabha Baptist Church Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of India">Reformed Presbyterian Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_North_East_India" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India">Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_South_India" title="Presbyterian Church of South India">Presbyterian Church of South India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavesam_of_Telugu_Baptist_Churches" title="Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches">Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Baptists_in_Christ" title="Separate Baptists in Christ">Separate Baptists in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumi_Baptist_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumi Baptist Church (page does not exist)">Sumi Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Day_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Day Baptist">Seventh Day Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Pentecostal_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon Pentecostal Mission">Ceylon Pentecostal Mission</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Thoma Church">Mar Thoma Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Baptist_Churches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil Baptist Churches (page does not exist)">Tamil Baptist Churches</a></li> <li>Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church</li> <li>Tirunelveli C.M.S. Evangelical Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Baptist_Christian_Union" title="Tripura Baptist Christian Union">Tripura Baptist Christian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Northern_India_-_Presbyterian_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="United Church of Northern India - Presbyterian Synod">United Church of Northern India - Presbyterian Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a></li></ul> <p>Source of the list: World Christian Encyclopedia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pentecostalism_in_India" title="History of Pentecostalism in India">History of Pentecostalism in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptists in India">Baptists in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicans_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans in India">Anglicans in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church in India">Seventh-day Adventist Church in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_missionaries_in_India" title="List of Protestant missionaries in India">List of Protestant missionaries in India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hunt_2015_p._68-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hunt_2015_p._68_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHunt2015" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, S.J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gH-9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68"><i>Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society</i></a>. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Brill. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29102-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29102-7"><bdi>978-90-04-29102-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Global+Contemporary+Christianity%3A+Themes+and+Developments+in+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+Society&rft.series=Brill+Handbooks+on+Contemporary+Religion&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29102-7&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=S.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgH-9BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buchanan2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buchanan2015_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2015" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, Colin (22 October 2015). <i>Historical Dictionary of Anglicanism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman & Littlefield Publishers">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers</a>. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442250161" title="Special:BookSources/9781442250161"><bdi>9781442250161</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Anglicanism&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.isbn=9781442250161&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2014-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2014_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2014_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalal2014" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (18 April 2014). <i>The Religions of India</i>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184753967" title="Special:BookSources/9788184753967"><bdi>9788184753967</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religions+of+India&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2014-04-18&rft.isbn=9788184753967&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marriott2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marriott2013_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarriott2013" class="citation book cs1">Marriott, John (19 July 2013). <i>The Other Empire: Metropolis, India and Progress in the Colonial Imagination</i>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847795397" title="Special:BookSources/9781847795397"><bdi>9781847795397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Empire%3A+Metropolis%2C+India+and+Progress+in+the+Colonial+Imagination&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft.isbn=9781847795397&rft.aulast=Marriott&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanjamala2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kanjamala2014_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanjamala2014_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanjamala2014" class="citation book cs1">Kanjamala, Augustine (21 August 2014). <i>The Future of Christian Mission in India</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wipf_and_Stock_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wipf and Stock Publishers">Wipf and Stock Publishers</a>. pp. 117–119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781620323151" title="Special:BookSources/9781620323151"><bdi>9781620323151</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Christian+Mission+in+India&rft.pages=117-119&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2014-08-21&rft.isbn=9781620323151&rft.aulast=Kanjamala&rft.aufirst=Augustine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tovey2017-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tovey2017_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTovey2017" class="citation book cs1">Tovey, Phillip (30 August 2017). <i>Anglican Baptismal Liturgies</i>. Canterbury Press. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786220202" title="Special:BookSources/9781786220202"><bdi>9781786220202</bdi></a>. <q>The growth of the army in India also led to many army chaplains. After the change in the Charter in 1813, Anglican missionaries began to work across North India. The missionaries translated the Book of Common Prayer into various Indian languages. The first Anglican diocese was Calcutta in 1813, and bishops from India were at the first Lambeth conference. In 1930 the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon became an independent Province and created its own Book of Common Prayer, which was translated into several languages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglican+Baptismal+Liturgies&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Canterbury+Press&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft.isbn=9781786220202&rft.aulast=Tovey&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BCC1940-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BCC1940_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UScWAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Indian Year Book</i></a>. Bennett, Coleman & Company. 1940. p. 455. <q>The three dioceses thus formed have been repeatedly subdivided, until in 1930 there were fourteen dioceses, the dates of their creation being as follows : Calcutta 1814; Madras 1835; Bombay 1837; Colombo 1845; Lahore 1877; Rangoon 1877; Travancore 1879; Chota Nagpur 1890; Lucknow 1893; Tinnevelly 1896; Nagpur 1903; Dornakal 1912; Assam 1915; Nasik 1929.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Year+Book&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=Bennett%2C+Coleman+%26+Company&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUScWAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbrahamKirby2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AbrahamKirby2009_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahamKirby2009" class="citation book cs1">Abraham, William J.; Kirby, James E. (24 September 2009). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191607431" title="Special:BookSources/9780191607431"><bdi>9780191607431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Methodist+Studies&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft.isbn=9780191607431&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Kirby%2C+James+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jr2014-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jr2014_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jr2014_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYrigoyen2014" class="citation book cs1">Yrigoyen, Charles Jr. (25 September 2014). <i>T&T Clark Companion to Methodism</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567662460" title="Special:BookSources/9780567662460"><bdi>9780567662460</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%26T+Clark+Companion+to+Methodism&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014-09-25&rft.isbn=9780567662460&rft.aulast=Yrigoyen&rft.aufirst=Charles+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrykenbergLow2003-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FrykenbergLow2003_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrykenbergLow2003" class="citation book cs1">Frykenberg, Robert Eric; Low, Alaine M. (2003). <i>Christians and Missionaries in India: Cross-cultural Communication Since 1500, with Special Reference to Caste, Conversion, and Colonialism</i>. <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company</a>. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802839565" title="Special:BookSources/9780802839565"><bdi>9780802839565</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians+and+Missionaries+in+India%3A+Cross-cultural+Communication+Since+1500%2C+with+Special+Reference+to+Caste%2C+Conversion%2C+and+Colonialism&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802839565&rft.aulast=Frykenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert+Eric&rft.au=Low%2C+Alaine+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LucykLoewenau2017-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LucykLoewenau2017_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucykLoewenauStahnisch2017" class="citation book cs1">Lucyk, Kelsey; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Stahnisch, Frank W. (6 January 2017). <i>The Proceedings of the 21st Annual History of Medicine Days Conference 2012</i>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443869287" title="Special:BookSources/9781443869287"><bdi>9781443869287</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Proceedings+of+the+21st+Annual+History+of+Medicine+Days+Conference+2012&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft.isbn=9781443869287&rft.aulast=Lucyk&rft.aufirst=Kelsey&rft.au=Loewenau%2C+Aleksandra&rft.au=Stahnisch%2C+Frank+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CraneMohanram2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CraneMohanram2013_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CraneMohanram2013_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CraneMohanram2013_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraneMohanram2013" class="citation book cs1">Crane, Ralph; Mohanram, Radhika (31 August 2013). <i>Imperialism as Diaspora: Race, Sexuality, and History in Anglo-India</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781385630" title="Special:BookSources/9781781385630"><bdi>9781781385630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperialism+as+Diaspora%3A+Race%2C+Sexuality%2C+and+History+in+Anglo-India&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013-08-31&rft.isbn=9781781385630&rft.aulast=Crane&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.au=Mohanram%2C+Radhika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CarpenterGlanzer2014-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CarpenterGlanzer2014_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterGlanzerLantinga2014" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, Joel; Glanzer, Perry L.; Lantinga, Nicholas S. (7 March 2014). <i>Christian Higher Education</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467440394" title="Special:BookSources/9781467440394"><bdi>9781467440394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Higher+Education&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft.isbn=9781467440394&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=Glanzer%2C+Perry+L.&rft.au=Lantinga%2C+Nicholas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKanjamala2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AKanjamala2014_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanjamala2014" class="citation book cs1">Kanjamala, Augustine (21 August 2014). <i>The Future of Christian Mission in India</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wipf_and_Stock_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wipf and Stock Publishers">Wipf and Stock Publishers</a>. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781630874858" title="Special:BookSources/9781630874858"><bdi>9781630874858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Christian+Mission+in+India&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2014-08-21&rft.isbn=9781630874858&rft.aulast=Kanjamala&rft.aufirst=Augustine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhaṭṭācāryya1969-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bhaṭṭācāryya1969_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhaṭṭācāryya1969" class="citation book cs1">Bhaṭṭācāryya, Haridāsa (1969). <i>The Cultural Heritage of India</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Institute_of_Culture" title="Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture">Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture</a>. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802849007" title="Special:BookSources/9780802849007"><bdi>9780802849007</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cultural+Heritage+of+India&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Ramakrishna+Mission+Institute+of+Culture&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780802849007&rft.aulast=Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD%C4%81c%C4%81ryya&rft.aufirst=Harid%C4%81sa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mullin2014-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mullin2014_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullin2014" class="citation book cs1">Mullin, Robert Bruce (12 November 2014). <i>A Short World History of Christianity</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611645514" title="Special:BookSources/9781611645514"><bdi>9781611645514</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+World+History+of+Christianity&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft.isbn=9781611645514&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.aufirst=Robert+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas1974-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas1974_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas1974_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas1974_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1974" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Abraham Vazhayil (1974). <i>Christians in Secular India</i>. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. pp. 106–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-1021-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-1021-3"><bdi>978-0-8386-1021-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians+in+Secular+India&rft.pages=106-110&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+Univ+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-1021-3&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Abraham+Vazhayil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oddie2001-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oddie2001_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oddie2001_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOddie2001" class="citation journal cs1">Oddie, Geoffrey A. (2001). "Indian Christians and National Identity 1870-1947". <i>The Journal of Religious History</i>. <b>25</b> (3): 357, 361. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9809.00138">10.1111/1467-9809.00138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Religious+History&rft.atitle=Indian+Christians+and+National+Identity+1870-1947&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=357%2C+361&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9809.00138&rft.aulast=Oddie&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US2022-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US2022_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/india">US State Dept 2022 report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/india">Catholics And Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/07/12/8-key-findings-about-christians-in-india/">Pew Research website, article dated July 12, 2021</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protestantism_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protestantism_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Protestantism in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Egypt" title="Protestantism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Indonesia" title="Protestantism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Japan" title="Protestantism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Laos" title="Protestantism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Mongolia" title="Protestantism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Myanmar" title="Protestantism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Pakistan" title="Protestantism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_Philippines" title="Protestantism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Qatar" title="Protestantism in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Russia" title="Protestantism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Protestantism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Protestantism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Tajikistan" title="Protestantism in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Thailand" title="Protestantism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Turkey" title="Protestantism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Turkmenistan" title="Protestantism in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Protestantism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Protestantism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Vietnam" title="Protestantism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Yemen" title="Protestantism in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Taiwan" title="Protestantism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantism in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_India" title="Catholic Church in India">Catholic Church in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavar_(Goan)_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church">Brahmavar Orthodox Church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Nestorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Eastern_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Eastern Christianity">Oriental Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Believers_Eastern_Church" title="Believers Eastern Church">Believers Eastern Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church">Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcot_Lutheran_Church" title="Arcot Lutheran Church">Arcot Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Bodo Evangelical Lutheran Church">Bodo Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_the_Himalayan_States" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States">Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossner_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Chotanagpur_and_Assam" title="Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam">Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="India Evangelical Lutheran Church">India Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church">Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church">Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Andhra_Lutheran_Church" title="South Andhra Lutheran Church">South Andhra Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church">Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_India" title="United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India">United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Church_in_India" title="Congregational Church in India">Congregational Church in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Maraland" title="Evangelical Church of Maraland">Evangelical Church of Maraland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church,_Kalimpong" title="Free Presbyterian Church, Kalimpong">Free Presbyterian Church, Kalimpong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Presbyterian Church of India">Presbyterian Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Free_Church_of_Central_India" title="Presbyterian Free Church of Central India">Presbyterian Free Church of Central India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_North_East_India" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India">Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of India">Reformed Presbyterian Church of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India_Reformed_Churches" title="South India Reformed Churches">South India Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Northern_India_%E2%80%93_Presbyterian_Synod" title="United Church of Northern India – Presbyterian Synod">United Church of Northern India – Presbyterian Synod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>/United</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baptist_denominations_in_India" title="List of Baptist denominations in India">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church_of_Mizoram" title="Baptist Church of Mizoram">Baptist Church of Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_North_India" title="Baptist Union of North India">Baptist Union of North India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Orissa_Bihar_Baptist_Convention" title="Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention">Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Baptist_Church_Association" title="Boro Baptist Church Association">Boro Baptist Church Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Baptist_Convention" title="Boro Baptist Convention">Boro Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Baptist_Churches_of_Northern_Circars" title="Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars">Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Baptist_Churches_in_Northeast_India" title="Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India">Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Arunachal Baptist Church Council">Arunachal Baptist Church Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Baptist_Convention" title="Assam Baptist Convention">Assam Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Baptist_Convention" title="Garo Baptist Convention">Garo Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi-Anglong_Baptist_Convention" title="Karbi-Anglong Baptist Convention">Karbi-Anglong Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Baptist_Convention" title="Manipur Baptist Convention">Manipur Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Nagaland Baptist Church Council">Nagaland Baptist Church Council</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Baptist_Convention" title="Evangelical Baptist Convention">Evangelical Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_Baptist_Kebang" title="Mising Baptist Kebang">Mising Baptist Kebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bank_Baptist_Christian_Association" title="North Bank Baptist Christian Association">North Bank Baptist Christian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Baptist_Evangelistic_Crusade" title="Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade">Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavesam_of_Telugu_Baptist_Churches" title="Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches">Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Baptist_Church_Council" title="Telugu Baptist Church Council">Telugu Baptist Church Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Baptist_Christian_Union" title="Tripura Baptist Christian Union">Tripura Baptist Christian Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Assemblies of God in India">Assemblies of God in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Congregation_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Congregation in India">Christian Congregation in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Revival_Church" title="Christian Revival Church">Christian Revival Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manna_Full_Gospel_Churches" title="Manna Full Gospel Churches">Manna Full Gospel Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Maranatha_Gospel_Church" title="Pentecostal Maranatha Gospel Church">Pentecostal Maranatha Gospel Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Asia_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_India" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in India">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdenominational<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Christian_Council" title="All India Christian Council">All India Christian Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church%27s_Auxiliary_for_Social_Action" title="Church's Auxiliary for Social Action">Church's Auxiliary for Social Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India" title="National Council of Churches in India">National Council of Churches in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Assam" title="Christianity in Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jharkhand" title="Christianity in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Karnataka" title="Christianity in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Maharashtra" title="Christianity in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Manipur" title="Christianity in Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Meghalaya" title="Christianity in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mizoram" title="Christianity in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nagaland" title="Christianity in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Odisha" title="Christianity in Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Christianity in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_in_Northeast_India" title="List of Christian denominations in Northeast India">List of Christian denominations in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Church" title="Malankara Church">Malankara Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_denominations_in_India" title="Category:Christian denominations in India">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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