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His research interests include contemporary China studies, crime and migrant workers in China, policing, victimology and urban sociology. He is particularly interested in examining the mounting problems related to China’s rural-to-urban migrant workers and related government policies from the inter-disciplinary perspectives of sociology, criminology and political science. His publications have appeared in The British Journal of Criminology and Theoretical Criminology among others.\n\nBefore coming to Hong Kong, Xu was a lecturer in Guangdong Police College based in Guangzhou as well as a police officer in a local police station. In 2008-09, he was selected out of a large number of applicants to receive a Fulbright Visiting Scholarship, and subsequently spent one academic year in the Department of Criminology of the University of Pennsylvania as a Fulbright Visiting Scholar. In the 2008 Annual Meeting of American Society of Criminology, his paper was awarded the Honorable Mention Prize for Doctoral Level Paper Competition within the Division of International Criminology. Xu’s Ph.D. thesis entitled “Motorcycle Taxi Drivers and Motorcycle Ban Policy in the Pearl River Delta” has recently been awarded two prestigious awards: (1) Li Ka Shing Prize for the Best Ph.D. Thesis (2009-10) in HKU; (2) The Best Ph.D. Thesis (2009-11) from the Hong Kong Sociological Association.\n\nIn his Ph.D. research, with the case of motorcycle taxi drivers in the Pearl River Delta, Xu explored the high risk of robbery victimization of migrant workers and the macro-social structural factors in shaping these risks. Xu is currently working on two research projects. One is a follow-up study of his Ph.D. project to explore how migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta resist the motorcycle ban policy through the use of violence. Another project examines crime in urban villages and the use of crime prevention posters in Guangzhou.\n","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/330379/92208/101317/s200_jianhua.xu.jpg","thumbnailUrl":"https://0.academia-photos.com/330379/92208/101317/s65_jianhua.xu.jpg","primaryImageOfPage":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/330379/92208/101317/s200_jianhua.xu.jpg","width":200},"sameAs":[],"relatedLink":"https://www.academia.edu/36907359/Police_Civilianization_and_the_Production_of_Underclass_Violence_the_Case_of_Para_police_Chengguan_And_Street_Vendors_in_Guangzhou_China"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" media="all" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-8c9ae4b5c8a2531640c354d92a1f3579c8ff103277ef74913e34c8a76d4e6c00.css" media="all" /><link rel="stylesheet" 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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu","location":"/JianhuaXu","scheme":"https","host":"umac.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JianhuaXu","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-68ed5ed3-f9a8-4a6b-b9e1-1285453162dc"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-68ed5ed3-f9a8-4a6b-b9e1-1285453162dc"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jianhua Xu" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/330379/92208/101317/s200_jianhua.xu.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Jianhua Xu</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://umac.academia.edu/">University of Macau</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://umac.academia.edu/Departments/Department_of_Sociology/Documents">Department of Sociology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Jianhua" data-follow-user-id="330379" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="330379"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">157</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">22</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-author</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Jianhua Xu received his Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Hong Kong in 2010. His research interests include contemporary China studies, crime and migrant workers in China, policing, victimology and urban sociology. He is particularly interested in examining the mounting problems related to China’s rural-to-urban migrant workers and related government policies from the inter-disciplinary perspectives of sociology, criminology and political science. His publications have appeared in The British Journal of Criminology and Theoretical Criminology among others.<br /><br />Before coming to Hong Kong, Xu was a lecturer in Guangdong Police College based in Guangzhou as well as a police officer in a local police station. In 2008-09, he was selected out of a large number of applicants to receive a Fulbright Visiting Scholarship, and subsequently spent one academic year in the Department of Criminology of the University of Pennsylvania as a Fulbright Visiting Scholar. In the 2008 Annual Meeting of American Society of Criminology, his paper was awarded the Honorable Mention Prize for Doctoral Level Paper Competition within the Division of International Criminology. Xu’s Ph.D. thesis entitled “Motorcycle Taxi Drivers and Motorcycle Ban Policy in the Pearl River Delta” has recently been awarded two prestigious awards: (1) Li Ka Shing Prize for the Best Ph.D. Thesis (2009-10) in HKU; (2) The Best Ph.D. Thesis (2009-11) from the Hong Kong Sociological Association.<br /><br />In his Ph.D. research, with the case of motorcycle taxi drivers in the Pearl River Delta, Xu explored the high risk of robbery victimization of migrant workers and the macro-social structural factors in shaping these risks.  Xu is currently working on two research projects. One is a follow-up study of his Ph.D. project to explore how migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta resist the motorcycle ban policy through the use of violence. Another project examines crime in urban villages and the use of crime prevention posters in Guangzhou.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><h3 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Related Authors</h3></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list" data-nosnippet="true"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a data-nosnippet="" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/NoelBSalazar"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Noel B. 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class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>14</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Book-Reviews" data-toggle="tab" href="#bookreviews" role="tab" title="Book Reviews"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Book Reviews</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Jianhua Xu</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36907359"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/36907359/Police_Civilianization_and_the_Production_of_Underclass_Violence_the_Case_of_Para_police_Chengguan_And_Street_Vendors_in_Guangzhou_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Police Civilianization and the Production of Underclass Violence: the Case of Para-police Chengguan And Street Vendors in Guangzhou, China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Police Civilianization and the Production of Underclass Violence: the Case of Para-police Chengguan And Street Vendors in Guangzhou, China</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of media reports in Guangzhou, this article studies violent confrontation between China’s para-police chengguan (urban management officers) and street vendors. We find that most violent confrontations occur between street vendors and civilian staff—auxiliary chengguan—rather than between street vendors and sworn officers—official chengguan. We further reveal that the unequal power structure within the chengguan system shapes the division of labour between official chengguan and auxiliary chengguan, resulting in most of the ‘dirty work’ of street-level law enforcement being conducted by the latter, the second-class staff in the system. The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36907359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36907359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36907359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36907359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36907359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36907359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36907359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36907359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36907359,"title":"Police Civilianization and the Production of Underclass Violence: the Case of Para-police Chengguan And Street Vendors in Guangzhou, China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of media reports in Guangzhou, this article studies violent confrontation between China’s para-police chengguan (urban management officers) and street vendors. We find that most violent confrontations occur between street vendors and civilian staff—auxiliary chengguan—rather than between street vendors and sworn officers—official chengguan. We further reveal that the unequal power structure within the chengguan system shapes the division of labour between official chengguan and auxiliary chengguan, resulting in most of the ‘dirty work’ of street-level law enforcement being conducted by the latter, the second-class staff in the system. The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor."},"translated_abstract":"Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of media reports in Guangzhou, this article studies violent confrontation between China’s para-police chengguan (urban management officers) and street vendors. We find that most violent confrontations occur between street vendors and civilian staff—auxiliary chengguan—rather than between street vendors and sworn officers—official chengguan. We further reveal that the unequal power structure within the chengguan system shapes the division of labour between official chengguan and auxiliary chengguan, resulting in most of the ‘dirty work’ of street-level law enforcement being conducted by the latter, the second-class staff in the system. The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36907359/Police_Civilianization_and_the_Production_of_Underclass_Violence_the_Case_of_Para_police_Chengguan_And_Street_Vendors_in_Guangzhou_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-06-24T08:13:56.553-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Police_Civilianization_and_the_Production_of_Underclass_Violence_the_Case_of_Para_police_Chengguan_And_Street_Vendors_in_Guangzhou_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of media reports in Guangzhou, this article studies violent confrontation between China’s para-police chengguan (urban management officers) and street vendors. We find that most violent confrontations occur between street vendors and civilian staff—auxiliary chengguan—rather than between street vendors and sworn officers—official chengguan. We further reveal that the unequal power structure within the chengguan system shapes the division of labour between official chengguan and auxiliary chengguan, resulting in most of the ‘dirty work’ of street-level law enforcement being conducted by the latter, the second-class staff in the system. The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":8528373,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjc/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/bjc/azy018/5043052"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-36907359-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35447980"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35447980/XU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of XU Review of The Chinese Mafia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55309419/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35447980/XU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia">XU Review of The Chinese Mafia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese me...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese media. The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.<br />Many citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in<br />violence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug<br />trafficking to also specializing in selling protection. PengWang’s book is the first in English to explore the rise of extralegal protection in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="326db0f38ef87b010e4be2a55758bd16" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55309419,"asset_id":35447980,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55309419/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35447980"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35447980"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35447980; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35447980]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35447980]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35447980; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35447980']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "326db0f38ef87b010e4be2a55758bd16" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35447980]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35447980,"title":"XU Review of The Chinese Mafia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese media. The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.\nMany citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in\nviolence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug\ntrafficking to also specializing in selling protection. PengWang’s book is the first in English to explore the rise of extralegal protection in China."},"translated_abstract":"In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese media. The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.\nMany citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in\nviolence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug\ntrafficking to also specializing in selling protection. PengWang’s book is the first in English to explore the rise of extralegal protection in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35447980/XU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-12-16T21:53:33.051-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55309419,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55309419/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"XU-Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55309419/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"XU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55309419/XU-Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia-libre.pdf?1513493269=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DXU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=KN1jxJhSkc3TK7u~5xhL4MV7o6Q7w6Epowbe2BEvyeC0oBbJQCDvS7GqkYp5Xb6Y6soQhfQuEuXX5sitegRXbzuoqChpiFuLSLgYzWtUcHLOcK44nDcRcseJyEapb034flb8mnaLnb3m1JhDKFFg-XxotOjtO2yTd0VYskWNyL5suleh1en3ahvSLgyKClBbUAYa-V81xQzdsqSpuDFaBFAHIScP0MO2xoKrCgzNf3qffrM2QPxH00~HniJzHqwqHqTCbsgyfdAMC6xT9tCHU8zJCDBp3kz5T~gN~VayC0Quc70RJfUVSx5Uk-3m9kQH1KhtXnFUj-dYbU-448JfGA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"XU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese media. The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.\nMany citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in\nviolence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug\ntrafficking to also specializing in selling protection. 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Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-31419166-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-31419166-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389300/figure-1-fic-official-crime-statistics-from-the-police-in"><img alt="Fic. 1 Official crime statistics from the police in Guangzhou, 2000-10 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_001.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389318/figure-2-fic-crime-rate-from-the-official-police-statistics"><img alt="Fic. 2 Crime rate from the official police statistics and victim surveys in Guangzhou, 2002-10 The official crime statistics after 2010 also pointed to the severe manipulation of crime data from 2000 to 2010. After 2011, the official crime statistics skyrocketed. While the official crime number was as low as 53,738 in 2010, it doubled to 115,100 in " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_002.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389335/figure-3-fic-official-crime-statistics-from-the-police-in"><img alt="Fic. 3 Official crime statistics from the police in Guangzhou, 2000-14 The quota is usually based on the recorded crime cases from the previous year with a declining trend. There are different strategies to reduce recorded crimes and under- recording is one of them, a common practice in Guangzhou. A police officer from a local police station said: " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_003.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389342/figure-4-fic-official-crime-number-and-case-clearance-rate"><img alt="Fic. 4 Official crime number and case clearance rate in Guangzhou, 2000-10 In the past, our under-recording problem was very serious as we emphasized the case clearance rate. We didn’t record a case if we could not solve it. If I had ten cases and five were solved, then my clear- ance rate was fifty per cent. But if nine were solved, the case clearance rate was ninety per cent. (FGJ, a police scholar) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_004.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389353/figure-5-fic-the-tenure-of-police-commissioners-in-guangzhou"><img alt="Fic. 5 The tenure of police commissioners in Guangzhou since 1978 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_005.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389359/figure-6-legitimization-imperative-the-production-of-crime"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_006.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389365/figure-7-fic-banner-posted-on-campus-of-police-academy-in"><img alt="Fic. 7 A banner posted on campus of a Police Academy in Guangzhou. It reads ‘Regulate the police by politics; build the police for the public; improve the police by practice; and control the police strictly’ Fic. 6 Discourse of ‘regulating the police by law’ and ‘regulating the police by politics’ in The People’s Public Security Newspaper " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_007.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-31419166-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="04ceb3e6f3fea50c17165a62190c0022" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51784691,"asset_id":31419166,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784691/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31419166"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31419166"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31419166; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31419166]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31419166]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31419166; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31419166']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "04ceb3e6f3fea50c17165a62190c0022" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31419166]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31419166,"title":"LEGITIMIZATION IMPERATIVE: THE PRODUCTION OF CRIME STATISTICS IN GUANGZHOU, CHINA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Although an authoritarian regime is often assumed to manipulate its various statistics for political needs and to maintain its legitimacy, we know little about how such manipulation is accomplished and under what circumstances. Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China."},"translated_abstract":"Although an authoritarian regime is often assumed to manipulate its various statistics for political needs and to maintain its legitimacy, we know little about how such manipulation is accomplished and under what circumstances. Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31419166/LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION_OF_CRIME_STATISTICS_IN_GUANGZHOU_CHINA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-02-13T18:32:03.976-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51784691,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51784691/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784691/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51784691/The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China-libre.pdf?1487040018=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=COgHxGLz5mmj-W-qNRXOUuExBxGQDagbsjJOh4G3K9Ot7ESNHHIxnfC4E~-Pj5nk~WNrK7ZAtn9iYn-xpfUEIJdw2p0BagGq4y4H~3uRSHY5cHhQxckf~OsXGlEkLdvSDpb7u963UbwWAP42P8ognqP4GD11GtsRw7uJ9p6~pPZWG4hcDdmBDFgahPuXtvD-dKVBLY9aKW1F6s0~noEuwxH2yza0DLzs6PvC548mRbbwbHe96nbD7GfJ~s2JZtSsqgcPVXxjrdnpMi4RC0N0owIIzDqLWgfAq5cNIhUtbwQevzjeP0tDULgSCyUuWZ-OxL3JYTpTCaA2cI07GhmpIQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION_OF_CRIME_STATISTICS_IN_GUANGZHOU_CHINA","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Although an authoritarian regime is often assumed to manipulate its various statistics for political needs and to maintain its legitimacy, we know little about how such manipulation is accomplished and under what circumstances. Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":51784691,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51784691/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784691/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51784691/The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China-libre.pdf?1487040018=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=COgHxGLz5mmj-W-qNRXOUuExBxGQDagbsjJOh4G3K9Ot7ESNHHIxnfC4E~-Pj5nk~WNrK7ZAtn9iYn-xpfUEIJdw2p0BagGq4y4H~3uRSHY5cHhQxckf~OsXGlEkLdvSDpb7u963UbwWAP42P8ognqP4GD11GtsRw7uJ9p6~pPZWG4hcDdmBDFgahPuXtvD-dKVBLY9aKW1F6s0~noEuwxH2yza0DLzs6PvC548mRbbwbHe96nbD7GfJ~s2JZtSsqgcPVXxjrdnpMi4RC0N0owIIzDqLWgfAq5cNIhUtbwQevzjeP0tDULgSCyUuWZ-OxL3JYTpTCaA2cI07GhmpIQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-31419166-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27533621"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27533621/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Criminologizing everyday life and conducting policing ethnography in China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788144/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27533621/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China">Criminologizing everyday life and conducting policing ethnography in China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as exampl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. Although the method of observing the traces of police activity in public space can, to some extent, circumvent the difficulty of approaching the police, researchers have to deal with many other challenges and related ethical issues on the relations between researchers and the police, the political pressure faced by researchers and publishing research findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="61319b09215f6e552dea54b6b05c9614" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47788144,"asset_id":27533621,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788144/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27533621"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27533621"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27533621; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27533621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27533621]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27533621; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27533621']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "61319b09215f6e552dea54b6b05c9614" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27533621]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27533621,"title":"Criminologizing everyday life and conducting policing ethnography in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. Although the method of observing the traces of police activity in public space can, to some extent, circumvent the difficulty of approaching the police, researchers have to deal with many other challenges and related ethical issues on the relations between researchers and the police, the political pressure faced by researchers and publishing research findings.","ai_title_tag":"Ethnographic Insights on Policing in China","journal_name":"in M. Adorjan \u0026 R. Ricciardelli, eds., Engaging with Ethics in International Criminological Research, London and New York: Routledge. "},"translated_abstract":"Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. Although the method of observing the traces of police activity in public space can, to some extent, circumvent the difficulty of approaching the police, researchers have to deal with many other challenges and related ethical issues on the relations between researchers and the police, the political pressure faced by researchers and publishing research findings.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27533621/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-08-04T07:32:11.631-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47788144,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788144/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788144/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conduc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47788144/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China-libre.pdf?1470322523=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCriminologizing_everyday_life_and_conduc.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=PU7YHLJWQit8Awm7~ih-nK-MGOEHcS0M9-GiFYWxt~kt8P4KlPq3krqSMm18zHfpXanpOWoTJJhPlj3yIvL2U-Ire3N15-~DjBdcZuaHeM-Eq86Y5TsxaVJRUmPjIJ4dpbDfsvLJH27RQXMGfJA~08r-qzIUFC6~EdB1l0Jh9K13Ub8k5h4UdXGt4GfJhgCu8rfHlfDs3zNDzs67nkPbxYNcEpHzXvPtFZwZsnhktnczRH6AYNzfFjWEBJitUep3qfrzS1tfnzMOe5Mh8~0OxNr6xtnsusn4M~xtsDKm7CussfkJoXa8~HxkRHuSyndo3Yv7hlQwax6VcigTwXteAA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. Although the method of observing the traces of police activity in public space can, to some extent, circumvent the difficulty of approaching the police, researchers have to deal with many other challenges and related ethical issues on the relations between researchers and the police, the political pressure faced by researchers and publishing research findings.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":47788144,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788144/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788144/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conduc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47788144/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China-libre.pdf?1470322523=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCriminologizing_everyday_life_and_conduc.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=PU7YHLJWQit8Awm7~ih-nK-MGOEHcS0M9-GiFYWxt~kt8P4KlPq3krqSMm18zHfpXanpOWoTJJhPlj3yIvL2U-Ire3N15-~DjBdcZuaHeM-Eq86Y5TsxaVJRUmPjIJ4dpbDfsvLJH27RQXMGfJA~08r-qzIUFC6~EdB1l0Jh9K13Ub8k5h4UdXGt4GfJhgCu8rfHlfDs3zNDzs67nkPbxYNcEpHzXvPtFZwZsnhktnczRH6AYNzfFjWEBJitUep3qfrzS1tfnzMOe5Mh8~0OxNr6xtnsusn4M~xtsDKm7CussfkJoXa8~HxkRHuSyndo3Yv7hlQwax6VcigTwXteAA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-27533621-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12130683"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12130683/Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Media_and_the_Social_Construction_of_Motorcycle_Ban_Problems_in_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Claims-Makers Versus Non-Issue-Makers: Media and the Social Construction of Motorcycle Ban Problems in China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37440024/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12130683/Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Media_and_the_Social_Construction_of_Motorcycle_Ban_Problems_in_China">Claims-Makers Versus Non-Issue-Makers: Media and the Social Construction of Motorcycle Ban Problems in China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the<br />name of crime prevention or modernization. This paper examines the differential role of mass<br />media in the construction of motorcycle ban policies in Southern China in general, and in the city<br />of Guangzhou in particular. Although Guangzhou was neither the first city to ban motorcycles<br />nor the city adopting the most radical means of implementing this policy, the media have successfully<br />constructed a social problem of banning motorcycles in Guangzhou. Using content analysis<br />of newspaper articles, I found that from 2000 to 2009 nearly two thirds of newspaper reports on<br />motorcycle ban policy in China were published by newspapers based in Guangzhou. I argue that<br />the relatively liberal media in Guangzhou played a vital role in constructing the ban policy as<br />a social problem. In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle<br />ban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as<br />mouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it<br />possible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="760beb2e71f9a9be25233a34fa1e258f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37440024,"asset_id":12130683,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37440024/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12130683"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12130683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12130683; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12130683]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12130683]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12130683; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12130683']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "760beb2e71f9a9be25233a34fa1e258f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12130683]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12130683,"title":"Claims-Makers Versus Non-Issue-Makers: Media and the Social Construction of Motorcycle Ban Problems in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the\nname of crime prevention or modernization. This paper examines the differential role of mass\nmedia in the construction of motorcycle ban policies in Southern China in general, and in the city\nof Guangzhou in particular. Although Guangzhou was neither the first city to ban motorcycles\nnor the city adopting the most radical means of implementing this policy, the media have successfully\nconstructed a social problem of banning motorcycles in Guangzhou. Using content analysis\nof newspaper articles, I found that from 2000 to 2009 nearly two thirds of newspaper reports on\nmotorcycle ban policy in China were published by newspapers based in Guangzhou. I argue that\nthe relatively liberal media in Guangzhou played a vital role in constructing the ban policy as\na social problem. In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle\nban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as\nmouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it\npossible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.","ai_title_tag":"Media's Role in Constructing Motorcycle Ban Issues in China"},"translated_abstract":"In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the\nname of crime prevention or modernization. This paper examines the differential role of mass\nmedia in the construction of motorcycle ban policies in Southern China in general, and in the city\nof Guangzhou in particular. Although Guangzhou was neither the first city to ban motorcycles\nnor the city adopting the most radical means of implementing this policy, the media have successfully\nconstructed a social problem of banning motorcycles in Guangzhou. Using content analysis\nof newspaper articles, I found that from 2000 to 2009 nearly two thirds of newspaper reports on\nmotorcycle ban policy in China were published by newspapers based in Guangzhou. I argue that\nthe relatively liberal media in Guangzhou played a vital role in constructing the ban policy as\na social problem. In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle\nban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as\nmouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it\npossible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12130683/Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Media_and_the_Social_Construction_of_Motorcycle_Ban_Problems_in_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-04-27T18:51:56.615-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":460383,"work_id":12130683,"tagging_user_id":330379,"tagged_user_id":54146419,"co_author_invite_id":180506,"email":"a***y@gmail.com","display_order":null,"name":"Jianhua Xu","title":"Claims-Makers Versus Non-Issue-Makers: Media and the Social Construction of Motorcycle Ban Problems in China"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37440024,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37440024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37440024/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37440024/Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers-libre.pdf?1430186004=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClaims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=ClI4rUyuR-fYJkur0UkMSd08h8x0yfgqroRE-X5ymaQ14rbu0Glybp4NnHg9gvsnRtfnm~5qrbJOgXl4gl2xJfvaWwXq78fHrRiLmMLP-UvLnVsancBkR6UKW7BeEfj-79WPsBGORd63lptTmyjjQ-QUsARK6zJyAR-xtWfpmU1PjC6eNxyjNKZQXBeZ9KFkK8CFE6-a1Aa6PqKqMaU0apCWDWjoVg0cicJb~xT1BtCzvnmKSYsmbBPDVdqmfa17sPRsXb2g1ZSfi30oV85lqqp6OREosbr8fk3Y5dMgbKaYw7KpcpEG0uorzG7VBRABsMSyNDaMEMZ3j9P3UqTPJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Media_and_the_Social_Construction_of_Motorcycle_Ban_Problems_in_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the\nname of crime prevention or modernization. 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In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle\nban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as\nmouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it\npossible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":37440024,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37440024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37440024/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37440024/Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers-libre.pdf?1430186004=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClaims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=ClI4rUyuR-fYJkur0UkMSd08h8x0yfgqroRE-X5ymaQ14rbu0Glybp4NnHg9gvsnRtfnm~5qrbJOgXl4gl2xJfvaWwXq78fHrRiLmMLP-UvLnVsancBkR6UKW7BeEfj-79WPsBGORd63lptTmyjjQ-QUsARK6zJyAR-xtWfpmU1PjC6eNxyjNKZQXBeZ9KFkK8CFE6-a1Aa6PqKqMaU0apCWDWjoVg0cicJb~xT1BtCzvnmKSYsmbBPDVdqmfa17sPRsXb2g1ZSfi30oV85lqqp6OREosbr8fk3Y5dMgbKaYw7KpcpEG0uorzG7VBRABsMSyNDaMEMZ3j9P3UqTPJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1013052,"name":"Media and Journalism In China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Journalism_In_China"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-12130683-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5155650"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5155650/_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Authoritarian policing with Chinese characteristics: A case study of motorcycle bans in the Pearl River Delta"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788901/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5155650/_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_"> "Authoritarian policing with Chinese characteristics: A case study of motorcycle bans in the Pearl River Delta"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd4ec994d34d147d710238359e512226" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47788901,"asset_id":5155650,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788901/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5155650"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5155650"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5155650; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5155650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5155650]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5155650; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5155650']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cd4ec994d34d147d710238359e512226" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5155650]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5155650,"title":" \"Authoritarian policing with Chinese characteristics: A case study of motorcycle bans in the Pearl River Delta\"","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China."},"translated_abstract":"Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5155650/_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-11-19T15:15:48.057-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47788901,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788901/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788901/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47788901/Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics-libre.pdf?1470323559=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=g3SjZTRGSEQQN4PD4rWCq9GsnljpRb9kg0EAIC633YRn5IQytggmiQJ2FkJz0OREv1Oeq7iouBZxKC3JDDWDIdxSbdOY5dARCYIMeCuq363Vcdm62b~jh7j281QedAf8gOKVWBXaTSg-vG2ZEAYqvd7Il6Kgr6RGtWQEkAZ2r4G5QfFWtXDNUtA6Gw0BMCnhRJ15h58abd2Wz~lNWECMaNa0e9cQzKDHjKwWSPLaENb1K8Z7ls4lLAAoOYyis4mZ2zLAcYY9z67-piAPoz3s1QMT9VR0RNqsi8vKfzu1aPXJgdCfn61KhU2IxM8qX~vvmC53WWqWw8fEQISo6atGig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":47788901,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788901/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788901/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47788901/Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics-libre.pdf?1470323559=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=g3SjZTRGSEQQN4PD4rWCq9GsnljpRb9kg0EAIC633YRn5IQytggmiQJ2FkJz0OREv1Oeq7iouBZxKC3JDDWDIdxSbdOY5dARCYIMeCuq363Vcdm62b~jh7j281QedAf8gOKVWBXaTSg-vG2ZEAYqvd7Il6Kgr6RGtWQEkAZ2r4G5QfFWtXDNUtA6Gw0BMCnhRJ15h58abd2Wz~lNWECMaNa0e9cQzKDHjKwWSPLaENb1K8Z7ls4lLAAoOYyis4mZ2zLAcYY9z67-piAPoz3s1QMT9VR0RNqsi8vKfzu1aPXJgdCfn61KhU2IxM8qX~vvmC53WWqWw8fEQISo6atGig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":1959427,"url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10611-013-9495-1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-5155650-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4410577"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4410577/Police_Accountability_and_the_Commodification_of_Policing_in_China_A_Study_of_Police_Business_Posters_in_Guangzhou"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Police Accountability and the Commodification of Policing in China A Study of Police/Business Posters in Guangzhou" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31836202/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4410577/Police_Accountability_and_the_Commodification_of_Policing_in_China_A_Study_of_Police_Business_Posters_in_Guangzhou">Police Accountability and the Commodification of Policing in China A Study of Police/Business Posters in Guangzhou</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on a study of police/business posters in Guangzhou, this paper explores commodification of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on a study of police/business posters in Guangzhou, this paper explores commodification of policing in China. It is argued that, while the commodification of policing in Western societies has its roots in the rise of neo-liberal thinking, it is unique in China for its lack of accountability of police power. Chengguan, the urban management department, is not an effective counter-power to the police in their making of illegal police/business posters due to institutional arrangement and practical reasons. The commodification of police power is not just a local police phenomenon, but a wider police institutional phenomenon. It is also part of the symbiotic relations between state power and economic capital in a wider Chinese society. Data collection involved three years' ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth semi-structured interviews with the police, police scholars, businessmen, urban management officers, ordinary citizens and security guards.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="455e5b3f8df542ff4be8fda05b3ecb87" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31836202,"asset_id":4410577,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31836202/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4410577"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4410577"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4410577; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4410577]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4410577]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4410577; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='4410577']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "455e5b3f8df542ff4be8fda05b3ecb87" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=4410577]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":4410577,"title":"Police Accountability and the Commodification of Policing in China A Study of Police/Business Posters in Guangzhou","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Based on a study of police/business posters in Guangzhou, this paper explores commodification of policing in China. 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It is argued that, while the commodification of policing in Western societies has its roots in the rise of neo-liberal thinking, it is unique in China for its lack of accountability of police power. Chengguan, the urban management department, is not an effective counter-power to the police in their making of illegal police/business posters due to institutional arrangement and practical reasons. The commodification of police power is not just a local police phenomenon, but a wider police institutional phenomenon. It is also part of the symbiotic relations between state power and economic capital in a wider Chinese society. 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We provide a b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article reflects on the emerging criminological research enterprise in China. We provide a brief overview on the nature of criminological knowledge production in China, particularly in relation to practical and political constraints. We contend that while there are distinct challenges associated with doing criminology in China, there are also new possibilities for alternative methodologies and critical analyses to push the boundaries of administrative criminology. Through the example of a study of migrants and motorcycle taxi driving in a Chinese city, we argue that an ethnography of the periphery can facilitate our understanding of the nuances of the social and cultural construction of the migrant crime problem, bringing to the foreground globally as well as locally relevant tensions, <br />fragmented realities and hybridized identities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="447723a9d2649e541b4b2e5c999bdf9f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31221894,"asset_id":3469629,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31221894/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3469629"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3469629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3469629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3469629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3469629]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3469629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3469629']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "447723a9d2649e541b4b2e5c999bdf9f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3469629]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3469629,"title":"Doing criminological ethnography in China: Opportunities and challenges","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This article reflects on the emerging criminological research enterprise in China. We provide a brief overview on the nature of criminological knowledge production in China, particularly in relation to practical and political constraints. We contend that while there are distinct challenges associated with doing criminology in China, there are also new possibilities for alternative methodologies and critical analyses to push the boundaries of administrative criminology. Through the example of a study of migrants and motorcycle taxi driving in a Chinese city, we argue that an ethnography of the periphery can facilitate our understanding of the nuances of the social and cultural construction of the migrant crime problem, bringing to the foreground globally as well as locally relevant tensions,\r\nfragmented realities and hybridized identities.","ai_title_tag":"Criminological Ethnography in China: Challenges \u0026 Insights"},"translated_abstract":"This article reflects on the emerging criminological research enterprise in China. We provide a brief overview on the nature of criminological knowledge production in China, particularly in relation to practical and political constraints. We contend that while there are distinct challenges associated with doing criminology in China, there are also new possibilities for alternative methodologies and critical analyses to push the boundaries of administrative criminology. Through the example of a study of migrants and motorcycle taxi driving in a Chinese city, we argue that an ethnography of the periphery can facilitate our understanding of the nuances of the social and cultural construction of the migrant crime problem, bringing to the foreground globally as well as locally relevant tensions,\r\nfragmented realities and hybridized identities.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3469629/Doing_criminological_ethnography_in_China_Opportunities_and_challenges","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-05-05T16:31:43.623-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":27594817,"work_id":3469629,"tagging_user_id":330379,"tagged_user_id":667594,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***e@hkucc.hku.hk","affiliation":"The University of Hong Kong","display_order":0,"name":"Karen Laidler","title":"Doing criminological ethnography in China: Opportunities and challenges"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31221894,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31221894/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Theoretical_Criminology-2013-Xu-271-9.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31221894/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Doing_criminological_ethnography_in_Chin.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31221894/Theoretical_Criminology-2013-Xu-271-9-libre.pdf?1392271079=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDoing_criminological_ethnography_in_Chin.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=JBAD1i7KTx9IzB6cSxCu7znS5F9lT1tUss6ve~EbhAoc-fZIujGiEUBG5q9iBM0k0DM5RXTnjjQ3f4zLvtBPNjcMNTzZVBDDa2rtaX-BhQj2hsTXAQJHAWu2n8zroCjvDZs66MgvO8swheq2LRVI2HU61UsrUkrSSTluaOWXaBUxNUl8vnYikBJgrMGD9rw26jHnrscK3LOyZ7s07HtEiCUC0QphtL70JXoHo36o1mHH0YxO~KsBO6~VaWZcHjRiawn9vXb0hWjmPNL24JrayV3inc3uj8sUGVu8R8Os8KsAMoY6viUSZzZ2y6xYUb3NH1sygZua75kzqMd2TxFIkA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Doing_criminological_ethnography_in_China_Opportunities_and_challenges","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This article reflects on the emerging criminological research enterprise in China. We provide a brief overview on the nature of criminological knowledge production in China, particularly in relation to practical and political constraints. We contend that while there are distinct challenges associated with doing criminology in China, there are also new possibilities for alternative methodologies and critical analyses to push the boundaries of administrative criminology. Through the example of a study of migrants and motorcycle taxi driving in a Chinese city, we argue that an ethnography of the periphery can facilitate our understanding of the nuances of the social and cultural construction of the migrant crime problem, bringing to the foreground globally as well as locally relevant tensions,\r\nfragmented realities and hybridized identities.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":31221894,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31221894/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Theoretical_Criminology-2013-Xu-271-9.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31221894/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Doing_criminological_ethnography_in_Chin.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/31221894/Theoretical_Criminology-2013-Xu-271-9-libre.pdf?1392271079=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDoing_criminological_ethnography_in_Chin.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=JBAD1i7KTx9IzB6cSxCu7znS5F9lT1tUss6ve~EbhAoc-fZIujGiEUBG5q9iBM0k0DM5RXTnjjQ3f4zLvtBPNjcMNTzZVBDDa2rtaX-BhQj2hsTXAQJHAWu2n8zroCjvDZs66MgvO8swheq2LRVI2HU61UsrUkrSSTluaOWXaBUxNUl8vnYikBJgrMGD9rw26jHnrscK3LOyZ7s07HtEiCUC0QphtL70JXoHo36o1mHH0YxO~KsBO6~VaWZcHjRiawn9vXb0hWjmPNL24JrayV3inc3uj8sUGVu8R8Os8KsAMoY6viUSZzZ2y6xYUb3NH1sygZua75kzqMd2TxFIkA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-3469629-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1870916"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1870916/Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological_Imagination"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review of Jock Young, The Criminological Imagination" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/26333455/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1870916/Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological_Imagination">Review of Jock Young, The Criminological Imagination</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological<br />Imagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. <br /><br />Five decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have<br />surely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back<br />cover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59ffff1881419990d6cfd180530a4854" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":26333455,"asset_id":1870916,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26333455/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1870916"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1870916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1870916; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1870916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1870916]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1870916; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1870916']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59ffff1881419990d6cfd180530a4854" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1870916]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1870916,"title":"Review of Jock Young, The Criminological Imagination","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological\nImagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. \n\nFive decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have\nsurely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back\ncover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”"},"translated_abstract":"Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological\nImagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. \n\nFive decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have\nsurely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back\ncover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1870916/Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological_Imagination","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-08-19T14:44:18.991-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":26333455,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/26333455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26333455/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/26333455/Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination-libre.pdf?1390870652=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=OOcPQ2UTpSBod5TWCMv8ForpC4SIXX7-LyY0vxREvOUFao02z3yqH0THZiSkZk9UW3iQkX5aLgOmPaaRjzcJPmcRjDujyxdo8m~VL0zB8c0bfFzaOElYt62VHU0VQroXLfnGbwi2O88zHxjAjd86BVmnMl2btNW-y61gVzyRlt~3VLszE1FvDDRrD9QISVoTbpx6OyzXngLvIxYfR3Og0BS0iTieaEFye2w2vogMaSh9MErJKq1s72jMmgItu7GhDeqx76J8ejeLGG4FDmmD1GFTyfpyl2eu5g-ePEoHKOftUMQp4ytfafM4MhXukZBHWyXQJjJAPQCuQKiV~eOn1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological_Imagination","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological\nImagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. \n\nFive decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have\nsurely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back\ncover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":26333455,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/26333455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26333455/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/26333455/Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination-libre.pdf?1390870652=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=OOcPQ2UTpSBod5TWCMv8ForpC4SIXX7-LyY0vxREvOUFao02z3yqH0THZiSkZk9UW3iQkX5aLgOmPaaRjzcJPmcRjDujyxdo8m~VL0zB8c0bfFzaOElYt62VHU0VQroXLfnGbwi2O88zHxjAjd86BVmnMl2btNW-y61gVzyRlt~3VLszE1FvDDRrD9QISVoTbpx6OyzXngLvIxYfR3Og0BS0iTieaEFye2w2vogMaSh9MErJKq1s72jMmgItu7GhDeqx76J8ejeLGG4FDmmD1GFTyfpyl2eu5g-ePEoHKOftUMQp4ytfafM4MhXukZBHWyXQJjJAPQCuQKiV~eOn1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-1870916-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1450770"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1450770/Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review-Policing serious crime in China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11222643/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1450770/Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China">Review-Policing serious crime in China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese<br />academia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.<br /><br />In this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. Trevaskes develops the concept of campaign policing and justice in China in order to describe the Chinese criminal justice practice to punish criminals “harshly and swiftly” in response to an increasing crime rate since the start of its economic reform in<br />the 1980s.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc6f0497c06914a7d3e4be661432bfd8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":11222643,"asset_id":1450770,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11222643/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1450770"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1450770"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1450770; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1450770]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1450770]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1450770; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1450770']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bc6f0497c06914a7d3e4be661432bfd8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1450770]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1450770,"title":"Review-Policing serious crime in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese\nacademia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.\n\nIn this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. Trevaskes develops the concept of campaign policing and justice in China in order to describe the Chinese criminal justice practice to punish criminals “harshly and swiftly” in response to an increasing crime rate since the start of its economic reform in\nthe 1980s."},"translated_abstract":"The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese\nacademia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.\n\nIn this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. Trevaskes develops the concept of campaign policing and justice in China in order to describe the Chinese criminal justice practice to punish criminals “harshly and swiftly” in response to an increasing crime rate since the start of its economic reform in\nthe 1980s.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1450770/Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-03-01T10:58:09.407-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11222643,"title":"Review-Policing serious crime in China","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11222643/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review-Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11222643/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11222643/Review-Policing_serious_crime_in_China-libre.pdf?1390858478=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403497\u0026Signature=OR8u8RkP2n3Vhmpi4fH0d42JqPHBpj93EONBMJp4eKLEeV0uCNKIQKg6Dw4K1m2fIK42SzwwSn~KeqtKFFDZiWwlLLY2wc7u2Hm~6IIJSRJ8JvdSDMgWN9HNJfZz40wXVEfCHWCdPMZHvXVbRvHrs4tYWKoEy0UmAmiVnaa1JuORVpa5P2ZWW6EUFZj08vlDIqlOiV-XiE-FyTAdOdCzTHUi4CFdRxxQLLYha~8yStS86P3RbQ2i7I~l2JhATdamOi25zHJkDHZsU-H9R2Q~3nhUCaxLZxJ~5~mmjBpqQEVKdDju25yxArFG9VIPvbO1-cpPKh2~sl-vRym5w4Eshw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese\nacademia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.\n\nIn this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. 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They face multi-dimensional social exclusion in cities, including economic, political, and spatial exclusion as well as a lack of access to particular services, such as housing, medical provision, education, policing and security. What makes their situation alarming is that different dimensions of social exclusion correlate and reinforce each other, to become the source of mounting violence in urban China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1167269"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1167269"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1167269; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1167269]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1167269]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1167269; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1167269']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1167269]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1167269,"title":"Motorcycle taxis: 'crime prevention' and the social exclusion of migrant workers in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the rapid progress of China’s industrialization and modernization, people like Uncle Dong are becoming unwanted, and being what Zygmunt Bauman called “redundant” for modern society. They face multi-dimensional social exclusion in cities, including economic, political, and spatial exclusion as well as a lack of access to particular services, such as housing, medical provision, education, policing and security. What makes their situation alarming is that different dimensions of social exclusion correlate and reinforce each other, to become the source of mounting violence in urban China."},"translated_abstract":"In the rapid progress of China’s industrialization and modernization, people like Uncle Dong are becoming unwanted, and being what Zygmunt Bauman called “redundant” for modern society. They face multi-dimensional social exclusion in cities, including economic, political, and spatial exclusion as well as a lack of access to particular services, such as housing, medical provision, education, policing and security. What makes their situation alarming is that different dimensions of social exclusion correlate and reinforce each other, to become the source of mounting violence in urban China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1167269/Motorcycle_taxis_crime_prevention_and_the_social_exclusion_of_migrant_workers_in_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-12-19T11:55:15.857-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Motorcycle_taxis_crime_prevention_and_the_social_exclusion_of_migrant_workers_in_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In the rapid progress of China’s industrialization and modernization, people like Uncle Dong are becoming unwanted, and being what Zygmunt Bauman called “redundant” for modern society. They face multi-dimensional social exclusion in cities, including economic, political, and spatial exclusion as well as a lack of access to particular services, such as housing, medical provision, education, policing and security. What makes their situation alarming is that different dimensions of social exclusion correlate and reinforce each other, to become the source of mounting violence in urban China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":167777,"url":"http://www.crimetalk.org.uk/library/section-list/38-frontpage-articles/558-motorcycle-taxis-and-migrant-workers-in-china.html"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-1167269-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1098110"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1098110/Hong_Kong_The_state_of_criminology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hong Kong: The state of criminology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6737859/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1098110/Hong_Kong_The_state_of_criminology">Hong Kong: The state of criminology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter explores crime and criminology in one of the safest cities in the developed world, H...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter explores crime and criminology in one of the safest cities in the developed world, Hong Kong. It examines current research topics in criminology regarding juvenile delinquency,<br />drug abuse, policing, cross-border crime and organized crime. It also points out limitations, challenges and opportunities for criminology research in a society undergoing dramatic political<br />changes towards a democratic society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="484568fc1c4f301ccf519634aca1e15f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6737859,"asset_id":1098110,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6737859/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1098110"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1098110"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1098110; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1098110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1098110]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1098110; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1098110']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "484568fc1c4f301ccf519634aca1e15f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1098110]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1098110,"title":"Hong Kong: The state of criminology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter explores crime and criminology in one of the safest cities in the developed world, Hong Kong. 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The article argues that although a motorcycle ban policy may reduce motorcycle snatch theft (feiche qiangduo) in Guangzhou, it inevitably caused a problem of displacement. However, some types of displacement are desirable for local government. An argument about drive-away policing is proposed in this article to understand policing styles in contemporary China. In addition, the article argues that motorcycle ban, as a strategy to prevent snatch theft and robbery, is also a strategy to deal with the crisis in police legitimacy. Therefore, crime prevention in China has more social and political significance than just reducing crime.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25d6654cf6ae009a5f94503804e8c809" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":2018003,"asset_id":442871,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2018003/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="442871"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="442871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 442871; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=442871]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=442871]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 442871; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='442871']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "25d6654cf6ae009a5f94503804e8c809" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=442871]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":442871,"title":"Drive-Away Policing and Situational Crime Prevention in China: An Analysis of Motorcycle Ban (jinmo) Policy in Guangzhou","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using the example of motorcycle ban policy in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, this article examines how situational crime prevention strategies are used in contemporary urban China. 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The article argues that although a motorcycle ban policy may reduce motorcycle snatch theft (feiche qiangduo) in Guangzhou, it inevitably caused a problem of displacement. However, some types of displacement are desirable for local government. An argument about drive-away policing is proposed in this article to understand policing styles in contemporary China. In addition, the article argues that motorcycle ban, as a strategy to prevent snatch theft and robbery, is also a strategy to deal with the crisis in police legitimacy. Therefore, crime prevention in China has more social and political significance than just reducing crime.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/442871/Drive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crime_Prevention_in_China_An_Analysis_of_Motorcycle_Ban_jinmo_Policy_in_Guangzhou","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-02-14T12:35:46.662-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2018003,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/2018003/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Drive-Away_Policing.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2018003/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crim.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/2018003/Drive-Away_Policing-libre.pdf?1390824778=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crim.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403497\u0026Signature=ZkbMHibZyWjUKfH929vhZiHdPOthv2oXY-6K0ZpD7hYPjyeruIpS9IpNEdYZLC2PkAcm3UtfukgSpxpuUidWvZ0y4vbJk4aTrvCtH8FZwrwBQl1vv5imKglp6yXwXfm6Oh3MEMEiFN9yyRotRTLFc16VQPQoS4FGYpwLI1JFNVbqrj8uN6am6Y5Ys5AKE7-0mh-2ONUMMPpkcp05S~C87KVYpyZycQmMzn4X0RDNBkS0BRLNpKP21E0U0NAl5tfWRITh8NVktYp6ZLWYx82yPjMz4BxOi3TlAaZGuolhTQJzUO1b7~Rpxyvv839cYc14ZVMNC9BhFUHLrlgooVBoFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Drive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crime_Prevention_in_China_An_Analysis_of_Motorcycle_Ban_jinmo_Policy_in_Guangzhou","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Using the example of motorcycle ban policy in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, this article examines how situational crime prevention strategies are used in contemporary urban China. 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It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. The outcome is one of the very first ethnographic analyses of crime conducted in situ in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12205516e878ad34a26d9fafef7a1340" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1989454,"asset_id":440697,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1989454/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="440697"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="440697"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 440697; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=440697]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=440697]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 440697; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='440697']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "12205516e878ad34a26d9fafef7a1340" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=440697]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":440697,"title":"The Robbery of Motorcycle Taxi Drivers (Dake Zai) in China: A Lifestyle/Routine Activity Perspective and Beyond","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using official police records, interviews with motorcycle taxi drivers and the participant observation of their working activities in Tianzhi city, China, this paper examines how and why a dimension of social stratification—household registration (hukou)—is related to the risk of robbery victimization and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of applying lifestyle/routine activity theory to contemporary urban China. It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. The outcome is one of the very first ethnographic analyses of crime conducted in situ in China."},"translated_abstract":"Using official police records, interviews with motorcycle taxi drivers and the participant observation of their working activities in Tianzhi city, China, this paper examines how and why a dimension of social stratification—household registration (hukou)—is related to the risk of robbery victimization and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of applying lifestyle/routine activity theory to contemporary urban China. It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. The outcome is one of the very first ethnographic analyses of crime conducted in situ in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/440697/The_Robbery_of_Motorcycle_Taxi_Drivers_Dake_Zai_in_China_A_Lifestyle_Routine_Activity_Perspective_and_Beyond","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-02-12T21:41:06.095-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1989454,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/1989454/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"THE_ROBBERY_OF_MOTORCYCLE_TAXI_DRIVERS__DAKE_ZAI__IN_CHINA.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1989454/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Robbery_of_Motorcycle_Taxi_Drivers_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/1989454/THE_ROBBERY_OF_MOTORCYCLE_TAXI_DRIVERS__DAKE_ZAI__IN_CHINA-libre.pdf?1390824534=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Robbery_of_Motorcycle_Taxi_Drivers_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403497\u0026Signature=Gvk6l~feUdqMbOxjDqXox90veupaZ1ylArt4sw64LPV54eWPPfZE3wtFmj~Hs8RKGOhKtfkA-5CMHr55FeehKERB3tARSyVzdG5cM4nzCCNrvPG2H2paCv-NhuWemLF1zPrWOwgpdLGGfSPCn~HzMccBQEHM0-6A7e9pBjtYFXlPdECUjSV9CvMuEp-1M-5HYPxOmNiZZKtSrcKEaHoBrGVI9w3gB5XemrCqYuuU5uTW~XlmC-nRyahYv3PW9IFIP7C~1~WvvceY6rQuXr6bb7VjIfuTGwd8I8XMOahlMFc~-ABrjcG2qUMYV3kzxS-pzWjl9Sgn8aQLcBLmBprmvw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Robbery_of_Motorcycle_Taxi_Drivers_Dake_Zai_in_China_A_Lifestyle_Routine_Activity_Perspective_and_Beyond","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Using official police records, interviews with motorcycle taxi drivers and the participant observation of their working activities in Tianzhi city, China, this paper examines how and why a dimension of social stratification—household registration (hukou)—is related to the risk of robbery victimization and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of applying lifestyle/routine activity theory to contemporary urban China. It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. The outcome is one of the very first ethnographic analyses of crime conducted in situ in China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":1989454,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/1989454/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"THE_ROBBERY_OF_MOTORCYCLE_TAXI_DRIVERS__DAKE_ZAI__IN_CHINA.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1989454/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Robbery_of_Motorcycle_Taxi_Drivers_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/1989454/THE_ROBBERY_OF_MOTORCYCLE_TAXI_DRIVERS__DAKE_ZAI__IN_CHINA-libre.pdf?1390824534=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Robbery_of_Motorcycle_Taxi_Drivers_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403497\u0026Signature=Gvk6l~feUdqMbOxjDqXox90veupaZ1ylArt4sw64LPV54eWPPfZE3wtFmj~Hs8RKGOhKtfkA-5CMHr55FeehKERB3tARSyVzdG5cM4nzCCNrvPG2H2paCv-NhuWemLF1zPrWOwgpdLGGfSPCn~HzMccBQEHM0-6A7e9pBjtYFXlPdECUjSV9CvMuEp-1M-5HYPxOmNiZZKtSrcKEaHoBrGVI9w3gB5XemrCqYuuU5uTW~XlmC-nRyahYv3PW9IFIP7C~1~WvvceY6rQuXr6bb7VjIfuTGwd8I8XMOahlMFc~-ABrjcG2qUMYV3kzxS-pzWjl9Sgn8aQLcBLmBprmvw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":39415,"url":"http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org/content/49/4/491.short"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-440697-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Book Reviews" id="Book Reviews"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Book Reviews by Jianhua Xu</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30365975"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30365975/Review_of_The_Politics_of_Controlling_Organized_Crime_in_Greater_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review of The Politics of Controlling Organized Crime in Greater China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51784672/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30365975/Review_of_The_Politics_of_Controlling_Organized_Crime_in_Greater_China">Review of The Politics of Controlling Organized Crime in Greater China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mainly using data gathered from newspaper reports from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, this ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mainly using data gathered from newspaper reports from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, this book explores how governments in Greater China deal with organized crime and whether they have the capacity to control organized crime. The book also discusses to what extent their practices in controlling organized crime affect the legitimacy of these regimes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c6bc1266a5ac002903dfe9f5b9a6dc3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51784672,"asset_id":30365975,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784672/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30365975"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30365975"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30365975; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30365975]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30365975]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30365975; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30365975']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c6bc1266a5ac002903dfe9f5b9a6dc3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30365975]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30365975,"title":"Review of The Politics of Controlling Organized Crime in Greater China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mainly using data gathered from newspaper reports from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, this book explores how governments in Greater China deal with organized crime and whether they have the capacity to control organized crime. 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We find that most violent confrontations occur between street vendors and civilian staff—auxiliary chengguan—rather than between street vendors and sworn officers—official chengguan. We further reveal that the unequal power structure within the chengguan system shapes the division of labour between official chengguan and auxiliary chengguan, resulting in most of the ‘dirty work’ of street-level law enforcement being conducted by the latter, the second-class staff in the system. The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36907359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36907359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36907359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36907359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36907359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36907359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36907359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36907359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36907359,"title":"Police Civilianization and the Production of Underclass Violence: the Case of Para-police Chengguan And Street Vendors in Guangzhou, China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of media reports in Guangzhou, this article studies violent confrontation between China’s para-police chengguan (urban management officers) and street vendors. 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The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor."},"translated_abstract":"Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of media reports in Guangzhou, this article studies violent confrontation between China’s para-police chengguan (urban management officers) and street vendors. We find that most violent confrontations occur between street vendors and civilian staff—auxiliary chengguan—rather than between street vendors and sworn officers—official chengguan. We further reveal that the unequal power structure within the chengguan system shapes the division of labour between official chengguan and auxiliary chengguan, resulting in most of the ‘dirty work’ of street-level law enforcement being conducted by the latter, the second-class staff in the system. The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36907359/Police_Civilianization_and_the_Production_of_Underclass_Violence_the_Case_of_Para_police_Chengguan_And_Street_Vendors_in_Guangzhou_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-06-24T08:13:56.553-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Police_Civilianization_and_the_Production_of_Underclass_Violence_the_Case_of_Para_police_Chengguan_And_Street_Vendors_in_Guangzhou_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Using data collected from systematic social observation, participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of media reports in Guangzhou, this article studies violent confrontation between China’s para-police chengguan (urban management officers) and street vendors. We find that most violent confrontations occur between street vendors and civilian staff—auxiliary chengguan—rather than between street vendors and sworn officers—official chengguan. We further reveal that the unequal power structure within the chengguan system shapes the division of labour between official chengguan and auxiliary chengguan, resulting in most of the ‘dirty work’ of street-level law enforcement being conducted by the latter, the second-class staff in the system. The research contributes to our understanding of pluralised policing and how police civilianization affects a convergence of violence within the underclass as both auxiliary chengguan and street vendors are recruited from urban poor.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":11294,"name":"Policing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_Studies"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies"}],"urls":[{"id":8528373,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjc/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/bjc/azy018/5043052"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-36907359-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35447980"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35447980/XU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of XU Review of The Chinese Mafia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55309419/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35447980/XU_Review_of_The_Chinese_Mafia">XU Review of The Chinese Mafia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese me...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese media. The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.<br />Many citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in<br />violence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug<br />trafficking to also specializing in selling protection. PengWang’s book is the first in English to explore the rise of extralegal protection in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="326db0f38ef87b010e4be2a55758bd16" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55309419,"asset_id":35447980,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55309419/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35447980"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35447980"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35447980; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35447980]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35447980]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35447980; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35447980']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "326db0f38ef87b010e4be2a55758bd16" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35447980]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35447980,"title":"XU Review of The Chinese Mafia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese media. The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.\nMany citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in\nviolence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug\ntrafficking to also specializing in selling protection. PengWang’s book is the first in English to explore the rise of extralegal protection in China."},"translated_abstract":"In March 2017, a criminal case called “kill the mother-insulter” (辱母杀人案) went viral on Chinese media. The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.\nMany citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in\nviolence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug\ntrafficking to also specializing in selling protection. 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The 22-year-old offender, Yu Huan, received a life sentence for killing a debt collector and injuring three others when his mother, an entrepreneur who had failed to pay a loan shark, was illegally detained and sexually humiliated in front of Yu by 11 debt collectors but received no help from the police.\nMany citizens questioned the rationale of the heavy sentence, while others criticized the ineffective police work. The case incidentally provided a glimpse into China’s booming loan-shark industry and criminal organizations that specialize in debt collection. The past four decades have witnessed the evolution of Chinese organized crime from street gangsters to criminal organizations that participate in\nviolence mainly for profit, as described in fact-based fiction such as Old Days in the Northeast—Two Decades of the Black Societies (东北往事—黑道风云20年). What is less known, both in the mass media and academia, is the emergence of a new type of organized crime—a Chinese mafia that goes beyond participating in traditional illegal activities such as gambling, organizing prostitution, and drug\ntrafficking to also specializing in selling protection. 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Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-31419166-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-31419166-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389300/figure-1-fic-official-crime-statistics-from-the-police-in"><img alt="Fic. 1 Official crime statistics from the police in Guangzhou, 2000-10 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_001.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389318/figure-2-fic-crime-rate-from-the-official-police-statistics"><img alt="Fic. 2 Crime rate from the official police statistics and victim surveys in Guangzhou, 2002-10 The official crime statistics after 2010 also pointed to the severe manipulation of crime data from 2000 to 2010. After 2011, the official crime statistics skyrocketed. While the official crime number was as low as 53,738 in 2010, it doubled to 115,100 in " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_002.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389335/figure-3-fic-official-crime-statistics-from-the-police-in"><img alt="Fic. 3 Official crime statistics from the police in Guangzhou, 2000-14 The quota is usually based on the recorded crime cases from the previous year with a declining trend. There are different strategies to reduce recorded crimes and under- recording is one of them, a common practice in Guangzhou. A police officer from a local police station said: " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_003.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389342/figure-4-fic-official-crime-number-and-case-clearance-rate"><img alt="Fic. 4 Official crime number and case clearance rate in Guangzhou, 2000-10 In the past, our under-recording problem was very serious as we emphasized the case clearance rate. We didn’t record a case if we could not solve it. If I had ten cases and five were solved, then my clear- ance rate was fifty per cent. But if nine were solved, the case clearance rate was ninety per cent. (FGJ, a police scholar) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_004.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389353/figure-5-fic-the-tenure-of-police-commissioners-in-guangzhou"><img alt="Fic. 5 The tenure of police commissioners in Guangzhou since 1978 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_005.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389359/figure-6-legitimization-imperative-the-production-of-crime"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_006.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/43389365/figure-7-fic-banner-posted-on-campus-of-police-academy-in"><img alt="Fic. 7 A banner posted on campus of a Police Academy in Guangzhou. It reads ‘Regulate the police by politics; build the police for the public; improve the police by practice; and control the police strictly’ Fic. 6 Discourse of ‘regulating the police by law’ and ‘regulating the police by politics’ in The People’s Public Security Newspaper " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/51784691/figure_007.jpg" width="114" height="68" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-31419166-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="04ceb3e6f3fea50c17165a62190c0022" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51784691,"asset_id":31419166,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784691/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31419166"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31419166"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31419166; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31419166]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31419166]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31419166; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31419166']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "04ceb3e6f3fea50c17165a62190c0022" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31419166]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31419166,"title":"LEGITIMIZATION IMPERATIVE: THE PRODUCTION OF CRIME STATISTICS IN GUANGZHOU, CHINA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Although an authoritarian regime is often assumed to manipulate its various statistics for political needs and to maintain its legitimacy, we know little about how such manipulation is accomplished and under what circumstances. Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China."},"translated_abstract":"Although an authoritarian regime is often assumed to manipulate its various statistics for political needs and to maintain its legitimacy, we know little about how such manipulation is accomplished and under what circumstances. Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31419166/LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION_OF_CRIME_STATISTICS_IN_GUANGZHOU_CHINA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-02-13T18:32:03.976-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51784691,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51784691/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784691/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51784691/The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China-libre.pdf?1487040018=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=COgHxGLz5mmj-W-qNRXOUuExBxGQDagbsjJOh4G3K9Ot7ESNHHIxnfC4E~-Pj5nk~WNrK7ZAtn9iYn-xpfUEIJdw2p0BagGq4y4H~3uRSHY5cHhQxckf~OsXGlEkLdvSDpb7u963UbwWAP42P8ognqP4GD11GtsRw7uJ9p6~pPZWG4hcDdmBDFgahPuXtvD-dKVBLY9aKW1F6s0~noEuwxH2yza0DLzs6PvC548mRbbwbHe96nbD7GfJ~s2JZtSsqgcPVXxjrdnpMi4RC0N0owIIzDqLWgfAq5cNIhUtbwQevzjeP0tDULgSCyUuWZ-OxL3JYTpTCaA2cI07GhmpIQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION_OF_CRIME_STATISTICS_IN_GUANGZHOU_CHINA","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Although an authoritarian regime is often assumed to manipulate its various statistics for political needs and to maintain its legitimacy, we know little about how such manipulation is accomplished and under what circumstances. Using data collected from yearly published official crime reports, a unique source for crime victim surveys, interviews with the police and detailed ethnographic work in Guangzhou city, this paper demonstrates how the manufacturing of official crime statics serves to legitimize the authoritarian regime in China. In particular, I examine the myth of the 'great crime decline' in the first decade of 21st century when official crime statistics declined by more than two-thirds in the city and argue that the decrease is a result of statistical manipulation instead of a reflection of the actual crime situation. I argue that, compared with Western democracies, crime statistics should be more fully understood as part of a legitimization apparatus in China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":51784691,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51784691/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784691/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"LEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51784691/The_Production_of_Crime_Statistics_in_Guangzhou__China-libre.pdf?1487040018=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLEGITIMIZATION_IMPERATIVE_THE_PRODUCTION.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=COgHxGLz5mmj-W-qNRXOUuExBxGQDagbsjJOh4G3K9Ot7ESNHHIxnfC4E~-Pj5nk~WNrK7ZAtn9iYn-xpfUEIJdw2p0BagGq4y4H~3uRSHY5cHhQxckf~OsXGlEkLdvSDpb7u963UbwWAP42P8ognqP4GD11GtsRw7uJ9p6~pPZWG4hcDdmBDFgahPuXtvD-dKVBLY9aKW1F6s0~noEuwxH2yza0DLzs6PvC548mRbbwbHe96nbD7GfJ~s2JZtSsqgcPVXxjrdnpMi4RC0N0owIIzDqLWgfAq5cNIhUtbwQevzjeP0tDULgSCyUuWZ-OxL3JYTpTCaA2cI07GhmpIQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-31419166-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="27533621"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/27533621/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Criminologizing everyday life and conducting policing ethnography in China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788144/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/27533621/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China">Criminologizing everyday life and conducting policing ethnography in China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as exampl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. Although the method of observing the traces of police activity in public space can, to some extent, circumvent the difficulty of approaching the police, researchers have to deal with many other challenges and related ethical issues on the relations between researchers and the police, the political pressure faced by researchers and publishing research findings.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="61319b09215f6e552dea54b6b05c9614" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47788144,"asset_id":27533621,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788144/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27533621"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27533621"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27533621; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27533621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27533621]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27533621; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27533621']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "61319b09215f6e552dea54b6b05c9614" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27533621]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27533621,"title":"Criminologizing everyday life and conducting policing ethnography in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. Although the method of observing the traces of police activity in public space can, to some extent, circumvent the difficulty of approaching the police, researchers have to deal with many other challenges and related ethical issues on the relations between researchers and the police, the political pressure faced by researchers and publishing research findings.","ai_title_tag":"Ethnographic Insights on Policing in China","journal_name":"in M. Adorjan \u0026 R. Ricciardelli, eds., Engaging with Ethics in International Criminological Research, London and New York: Routledge. "},"translated_abstract":"Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. Although the method of observing the traces of police activity in public space can, to some extent, circumvent the difficulty of approaching the police, researchers have to deal with many other challenges and related ethical issues on the relations between researchers and the police, the political pressure faced by researchers and publishing research findings.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27533621/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-08-04T07:32:11.631-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47788144,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788144/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788144/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conduc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47788144/Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China-libre.pdf?1470322523=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCriminologizing_everyday_life_and_conduc.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=PU7YHLJWQit8Awm7~ih-nK-MGOEHcS0M9-GiFYWxt~kt8P4KlPq3krqSMm18zHfpXanpOWoTJJhPlj3yIvL2U-Ire3N15-~DjBdcZuaHeM-Eq86Y5TsxaVJRUmPjIJ4dpbDfsvLJH27RQXMGfJA~08r-qzIUFC6~EdB1l0Jh9K13Ub8k5h4UdXGt4GfJhgCu8rfHlfDs3zNDzs67nkPbxYNcEpHzXvPtFZwZsnhktnczRH6AYNzfFjWEBJitUep3qfrzS1tfnzMOe5Mh8~0OxNr6xtnsusn4M~xtsDKm7CussfkJoXa8~HxkRHuSyndo3Yv7hlQwax6VcigTwXteAA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Criminologizing_everyday_life_and_conducting_policing_ethnography_in_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Using my recent research on police/business and crime solicitation posters in Guangzhou as examples, this chapter reflects on the challenges, opportunities and ethics I encounter in doing ethnographic research on police in the Chinese close-door context. I argue that while the political conservativeness and authoritarian nature of Chinese police pose many difficulties in studying police and policing, the omnipresent evidence of what the police have done and what they fail to do in public spaces provide an unique opportunity for a sociological inquiry of policing in the country. 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This paper examines the differential role of mass<br />media in the construction of motorcycle ban policies in Southern China in general, and in the city<br />of Guangzhou in particular. Although Guangzhou was neither the first city to ban motorcycles<br />nor the city adopting the most radical means of implementing this policy, the media have successfully<br />constructed a social problem of banning motorcycles in Guangzhou. Using content analysis<br />of newspaper articles, I found that from 2000 to 2009 nearly two thirds of newspaper reports on<br />motorcycle ban policy in China were published by newspapers based in Guangzhou. I argue that<br />the relatively liberal media in Guangzhou played a vital role in constructing the ban policy as<br />a social problem. In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle<br />ban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as<br />mouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it<br />possible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="760beb2e71f9a9be25233a34fa1e258f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37440024,"asset_id":12130683,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37440024/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12130683"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12130683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12130683; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12130683]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12130683]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12130683; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12130683']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "760beb2e71f9a9be25233a34fa1e258f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12130683]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12130683,"title":"Claims-Makers Versus Non-Issue-Makers: Media and the Social Construction of Motorcycle Ban Problems in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the\nname of crime prevention or modernization. This paper examines the differential role of mass\nmedia in the construction of motorcycle ban policies in Southern China in general, and in the city\nof Guangzhou in particular. Although Guangzhou was neither the first city to ban motorcycles\nnor the city adopting the most radical means of implementing this policy, the media have successfully\nconstructed a social problem of banning motorcycles in Guangzhou. Using content analysis\nof newspaper articles, I found that from 2000 to 2009 nearly two thirds of newspaper reports on\nmotorcycle ban policy in China were published by newspapers based in Guangzhou. I argue that\nthe relatively liberal media in Guangzhou played a vital role in constructing the ban policy as\na social problem. In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle\nban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as\nmouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it\npossible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.","ai_title_tag":"Media's Role in Constructing Motorcycle Ban Issues in China"},"translated_abstract":"In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the\nname of crime prevention or modernization. This paper examines the differential role of mass\nmedia in the construction of motorcycle ban policies in Southern China in general, and in the city\nof Guangzhou in particular. Although Guangzhou was neither the first city to ban motorcycles\nnor the city adopting the most radical means of implementing this policy, the media have successfully\nconstructed a social problem of banning motorcycles in Guangzhou. Using content analysis\nof newspaper articles, I found that from 2000 to 2009 nearly two thirds of newspaper reports on\nmotorcycle ban policy in China were published by newspapers based in Guangzhou. I argue that\nthe relatively liberal media in Guangzhou played a vital role in constructing the ban policy as\na social problem. In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle\nban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as\nmouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it\npossible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12130683/Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Media_and_the_Social_Construction_of_Motorcycle_Ban_Problems_in_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-04-27T18:51:56.615-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":460383,"work_id":12130683,"tagging_user_id":330379,"tagged_user_id":54146419,"co_author_invite_id":180506,"email":"a***y@gmail.com","display_order":null,"name":"Jianhua Xu","title":"Claims-Makers Versus Non-Issue-Makers: Media and the Social Construction of Motorcycle Ban Problems in China"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37440024,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37440024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37440024/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37440024/Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers-libre.pdf?1430186004=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClaims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=ClI4rUyuR-fYJkur0UkMSd08h8x0yfgqroRE-X5ymaQ14rbu0Glybp4NnHg9gvsnRtfnm~5qrbJOgXl4gl2xJfvaWwXq78fHrRiLmMLP-UvLnVsancBkR6UKW7BeEfj-79WPsBGORd63lptTmyjjQ-QUsARK6zJyAR-xtWfpmU1PjC6eNxyjNKZQXBeZ9KFkK8CFE6-a1Aa6PqKqMaU0apCWDWjoVg0cicJb~xT1BtCzvnmKSYsmbBPDVdqmfa17sPRsXb2g1ZSfi30oV85lqqp6OREosbr8fk3Y5dMgbKaYw7KpcpEG0uorzG7VBRABsMSyNDaMEMZ3j9P3UqTPJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Media_and_the_Social_Construction_of_Motorcycle_Ban_Problems_in_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In the past decade, more and more cities in China have adopted policies to ban motorcycles in the\nname of crime prevention or modernization. This paper examines the differential role of mass\nmedia in the construction of motorcycle ban policies in Southern China in general, and in the city\nof Guangzhou in particular. Although Guangzhou was neither the first city to ban motorcycles\nnor the city adopting the most radical means of implementing this policy, the media have successfully\nconstructed a social problem of banning motorcycles in Guangzhou. Using content analysis\nof newspaper articles, I found that from 2000 to 2009 nearly two thirds of newspaper reports on\nmotorcycle ban policy in China were published by newspapers based in Guangzhou. I argue that\nthe relatively liberal media in Guangzhou played a vital role in constructing the ban policy as\na social problem. In addition, I examine media discourse in constructing the problem of motorcycle\nban policy and argue that although the mass media are still under strict control and serve as\nmouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party-State, their increasing commercialization has made it\npossible to work as claim-makers for a social problem in China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":37440024,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37440024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37440024/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Claims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37440024/Claims-Makers_Versus_Non-Issue-Makers-libre.pdf?1430186004=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DClaims_Makers_Versus_Non_Issue_Makers_Me.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=ClI4rUyuR-fYJkur0UkMSd08h8x0yfgqroRE-X5ymaQ14rbu0Glybp4NnHg9gvsnRtfnm~5qrbJOgXl4gl2xJfvaWwXq78fHrRiLmMLP-UvLnVsancBkR6UKW7BeEfj-79WPsBGORd63lptTmyjjQ-QUsARK6zJyAR-xtWfpmU1PjC6eNxyjNKZQXBeZ9KFkK8CFE6-a1Aa6PqKqMaU0apCWDWjoVg0cicJb~xT1BtCzvnmKSYsmbBPDVdqmfa17sPRsXb2g1ZSfi30oV85lqqp6OREosbr8fk3Y5dMgbKaYw7KpcpEG0uorzG7VBRABsMSyNDaMEMZ3j9P3UqTPJg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1013052,"name":"Media and Journalism In China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Journalism_In_China"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-12130683-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5155650"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5155650/_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Authoritarian policing with Chinese characteristics: A case study of motorcycle bans in the Pearl River Delta"" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788901/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5155650/_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_"> "Authoritarian policing with Chinese characteristics: A case study of motorcycle bans in the Pearl River Delta"</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd4ec994d34d147d710238359e512226" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":47788901,"asset_id":5155650,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788901/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5155650"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5155650"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5155650; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5155650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5155650]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5155650; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5155650']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cd4ec994d34d147d710238359e512226" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5155650]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5155650,"title":" \"Authoritarian policing with Chinese characteristics: A case study of motorcycle bans in the Pearl River Delta\"","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China."},"translated_abstract":"Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5155650/_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2013-11-19T15:15:48.057-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47788901,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788901/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788901/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47788901/Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics-libre.pdf?1470323559=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=g3SjZTRGSEQQN4PD4rWCq9GsnljpRb9kg0EAIC633YRn5IQytggmiQJ2FkJz0OREv1Oeq7iouBZxKC3JDDWDIdxSbdOY5dARCYIMeCuq363Vcdm62b~jh7j281QedAf8gOKVWBXaTSg-vG2ZEAYqvd7Il6Kgr6RGtWQEkAZ2r4G5QfFWtXDNUtA6Gw0BMCnhRJ15h58abd2Wz~lNWECMaNa0e9cQzKDHjKwWSPLaENb1K8Z7ls4lLAAoOYyis4mZ2zLAcYY9z67-piAPoz3s1QMT9VR0RNqsi8vKfzu1aPXJgdCfn61KhU2IxM8qX~vvmC53WWqWw8fEQISo6atGig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics_A_case_study_of_motorcycle_bans_in_the_Pearl_River_Delta_","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Despite unprecedented economic and social changes over the past three decades, China remains an authoritarian regime. However, the current authoritarian regime differs in many ways from that under Mao. Since the nature of a police force reflects the character of the political regime within which it operates, this paper explores current police practices in China. It argues that policing in China is neither completely authoritarian nor democratic, but best understood as soft-authoritarian. The case study examines policing of a motorcycle ban that was implemented to prevent motorcycle snatch theft in the Pearl River Delta. The police remained authoritarian and used many coercive strategies to push for the motorcycle ban. However, their hard-line strategies were matched by some soft-line persuasive tactics. I argue that changing state-society relations are leading to resistance to hard-authoritarian policing and contributing to soft-authoritarian policing in China.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":47788901,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/47788901/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47788901/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/47788901/Authoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_characteristics-libre.pdf?1470323559=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthoritarian_policing_with_Chinese_cha.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=g3SjZTRGSEQQN4PD4rWCq9GsnljpRb9kg0EAIC633YRn5IQytggmiQJ2FkJz0OREv1Oeq7iouBZxKC3JDDWDIdxSbdOY5dARCYIMeCuq363Vcdm62b~jh7j281QedAf8gOKVWBXaTSg-vG2ZEAYqvd7Il6Kgr6RGtWQEkAZ2r4G5QfFWtXDNUtA6Gw0BMCnhRJ15h58abd2Wz~lNWECMaNa0e9cQzKDHjKwWSPLaENb1K8Z7ls4lLAAoOYyis4mZ2zLAcYY9z67-piAPoz3s1QMT9VR0RNqsi8vKfzu1aPXJgdCfn61KhU2IxM8qX~vvmC53WWqWw8fEQISo6atGig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":1959427,"url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10611-013-9495-1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-5155650-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4410577"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4410577/Police_Accountability_and_the_Commodification_of_Policing_in_China_A_Study_of_Police_Business_Posters_in_Guangzhou"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Police Accountability and the Commodification of Policing in China A Study of Police/Business Posters in Guangzhou" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31836202/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4410577/Police_Accountability_and_the_Commodification_of_Policing_in_China_A_Study_of_Police_Business_Posters_in_Guangzhou">Police Accountability and the Commodification of Policing in China A Study of Police/Business Posters in Guangzhou</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on a study of police/business posters in Guangzhou, this paper explores commodification of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on a study of police/business posters in Guangzhou, this paper explores commodification of policing in China. It is argued that, while the commodification of policing in Western societies has its roots in the rise of neo-liberal thinking, it is unique in China for its lack of accountability of police power. Chengguan, the urban management department, is not an effective counter-power to the police in their making of illegal police/business posters due to institutional arrangement and practical reasons. The commodification of police power is not just a local police phenomenon, but a wider police institutional phenomenon. It is also part of the symbiotic relations between state power and economic capital in a wider Chinese society. Data collection involved three years' ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth semi-structured interviews with the police, police scholars, businessmen, urban management officers, ordinary citizens and security guards.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="455e5b3f8df542ff4be8fda05b3ecb87" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31836202,"asset_id":4410577,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31836202/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4410577"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4410577"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4410577; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4410577]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4410577]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4410577; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='4410577']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "455e5b3f8df542ff4be8fda05b3ecb87" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=4410577]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":4410577,"title":"Police Accountability and the Commodification of Policing in China A Study of Police/Business Posters in Guangzhou","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Based on a study of police/business posters in Guangzhou, this paper explores commodification of policing in China. It is argued that, while the commodification of policing in Western societies has its roots in the rise of neo-liberal thinking, it is unique in China for its lack of accountability of police power. Chengguan, the urban management department, is not an effective counter-power to the police in their making of illegal police/business posters due to institutional arrangement and practical reasons. The commodification of police power is not just a local police phenomenon, but a wider police institutional phenomenon. It is also part of the symbiotic relations between state power and economic capital in a wider Chinese society. 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We provide a b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article reflects on the emerging criminological research enterprise in China. We provide a brief overview on the nature of criminological knowledge production in China, particularly in relation to practical and political constraints. We contend that while there are distinct challenges associated with doing criminology in China, there are also new possibilities for alternative methodologies and critical analyses to push the boundaries of administrative criminology. Through the example of a study of migrants and motorcycle taxi driving in a Chinese city, we argue that an ethnography of the periphery can facilitate our understanding of the nuances of the social and cultural construction of the migrant crime problem, bringing to the foreground globally as well as locally relevant tensions, <br />fragmented realities and hybridized identities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="447723a9d2649e541b4b2e5c999bdf9f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":31221894,"asset_id":3469629,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31221894/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="3469629"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3469629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3469629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3469629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3469629]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3469629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='3469629']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "447723a9d2649e541b4b2e5c999bdf9f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=3469629]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":3469629,"title":"Doing criminological ethnography in China: Opportunities and challenges","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This article reflects on the emerging criminological research enterprise in China. 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Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological<br />Imagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. <br /><br />Five decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have<br />surely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back<br />cover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59ffff1881419990d6cfd180530a4854" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":26333455,"asset_id":1870916,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26333455/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1870916"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1870916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1870916; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1870916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1870916]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1870916; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1870916']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59ffff1881419990d6cfd180530a4854" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1870916]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1870916,"title":"Review of Jock Young, The Criminological Imagination","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological\nImagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. \n\nFive decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have\nsurely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back\ncover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”"},"translated_abstract":"Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological\nImagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. \n\nFive decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have\nsurely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back\ncover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1870916/Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological_Imagination","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-08-19T14:44:18.991-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":26333455,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/26333455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26333455/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/26333455/Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination-libre.pdf?1390870652=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=OOcPQ2UTpSBod5TWCMv8ForpC4SIXX7-LyY0vxREvOUFao02z3yqH0THZiSkZk9UW3iQkX5aLgOmPaaRjzcJPmcRjDujyxdo8m~VL0zB8c0bfFzaOElYt62VHU0VQroXLfnGbwi2O88zHxjAjd86BVmnMl2btNW-y61gVzyRlt~3VLszE1FvDDRrD9QISVoTbpx6OyzXngLvIxYfR3Og0BS0iTieaEFye2w2vogMaSh9MErJKq1s72jMmgItu7GhDeqx76J8ejeLGG4FDmmD1GFTyfpyl2eu5g-ePEoHKOftUMQp4ytfafM4MhXukZBHWyXQJjJAPQCuQKiV~eOn1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological_Imagination","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Half a century ago, American sociologist C. Wright Mills pointed out that the “sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. That is its task and its promise” (Mills 1959:6). In his classic The Sociological\nImagination, Mills identified in particular two factors endangering the sociological imagination in his times: grand theory and abstracted empiricism, both of which, he argued, made academics lose contact with social reality. \n\nFive decades later, in the concluding piece of his trilogy,1 The Criminological Imagination, Jock Young traces how abstracted empiricism has expanded on a level “which would have\nsurely astonished Mills himself,” and how in criminology “reality has been lost in a sea of statistical symbols and dubious analysis” (p.viii). Indeed, as Stan Cohen comments on the back\ncover of the book, “the terms ‘criminology’ and ‘imagination’ do not naturally belong together.”","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":26333455,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/26333455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26333455/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/26333455/Review_of_Jock_Young__The_Criminological_Imagination-libre.pdf?1390870652=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_Jock_Young_The_Criminological.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403496\u0026Signature=OOcPQ2UTpSBod5TWCMv8ForpC4SIXX7-LyY0vxREvOUFao02z3yqH0THZiSkZk9UW3iQkX5aLgOmPaaRjzcJPmcRjDujyxdo8m~VL0zB8c0bfFzaOElYt62VHU0VQroXLfnGbwi2O88zHxjAjd86BVmnMl2btNW-y61gVzyRlt~3VLszE1FvDDRrD9QISVoTbpx6OyzXngLvIxYfR3Og0BS0iTieaEFye2w2vogMaSh9MErJKq1s72jMmgItu7GhDeqx76J8ejeLGG4FDmmD1GFTyfpyl2eu5g-ePEoHKOftUMQp4ytfafM4MhXukZBHWyXQJjJAPQCuQKiV~eOn1g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-1870916-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1450770"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1450770/Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review-Policing serious crime in China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11222643/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1450770/Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China">Review-Policing serious crime in China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese<br />academia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.<br /><br />In this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. Trevaskes develops the concept of campaign policing and justice in China in order to describe the Chinese criminal justice practice to punish criminals “harshly and swiftly” in response to an increasing crime rate since the start of its economic reform in<br />the 1980s.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc6f0497c06914a7d3e4be661432bfd8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":11222643,"asset_id":1450770,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11222643/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1450770"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1450770"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1450770; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1450770]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1450770]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1450770; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1450770']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bc6f0497c06914a7d3e4be661432bfd8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1450770]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1450770,"title":"Review-Policing serious crime in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese\nacademia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.\n\nIn this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. Trevaskes develops the concept of campaign policing and justice in China in order to describe the Chinese criminal justice practice to punish criminals “harshly and swiftly” in response to an increasing crime rate since the start of its economic reform in\nthe 1980s."},"translated_abstract":"The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese\nacademia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.\n\nIn this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. Trevaskes develops the concept of campaign policing and justice in China in order to describe the Chinese criminal justice practice to punish criminals “harshly and swiftly” in response to an increasing crime rate since the start of its economic reform in\nthe 1980s.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1450770/Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2012-03-01T10:58:09.407-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11222643,"title":"Review-Policing serious crime in China","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11222643/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review-Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11222643/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11222643/Review-Policing_serious_crime_in_China-libre.pdf?1390858478=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403497\u0026Signature=OR8u8RkP2n3Vhmpi4fH0d42JqPHBpj93EONBMJp4eKLEeV0uCNKIQKg6Dw4K1m2fIK42SzwwSn~KeqtKFFDZiWwlLLY2wc7u2Hm~6IIJSRJ8JvdSDMgWN9HNJfZz40wXVEfCHWCdPMZHvXVbRvHrs4tYWKoEy0UmAmiVnaa1JuORVpa5P2ZWW6EUFZj08vlDIqlOiV-XiE-FyTAdOdCzTHUi4CFdRxxQLLYha~8yStS86P3RbQ2i7I~l2JhATdamOi25zHJkDHZsU-H9R2Q~3nhUCaxLZxJ~5~mmjBpqQEVKdDju25yxArFG9VIPvbO1-cpPKh2~sl-vRym5w4Eshw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The past three decades have witnessed great transformations in all aspects of Chinese society. As the most populous nation and the second largest economy in the world, China’s experience of crime and the government’s way of handling crime provide unprecedented opportunities for social scientists in general and criminologists in particular to accumulate knowledge and develop theories. The increasing crime rates caused by the rapid process of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in China provide fascinating opportunities for criminological research. However, existing criminology literature, both within Chinese\nacademia and in the English world, is still underdeveloped. Susan Trevaskes’ book Policing Serious Crime in China: From 'Strike Hard' to 'Kill Fewer'’ is an important and timely contribution to the field.\n\nIn this book, Trevaskes skillfully examines the politics, practice, procedures, and public perceptions of yanda anti-crime campaigns in the first 25 years of the post-1978 reform period. Trevaskes develops the concept of campaign policing and justice in China in order to describe the Chinese criminal justice practice to punish criminals “harshly and swiftly” in response to an increasing crime rate since the start of its economic reform in\nthe 1980s.","impression_tracking_id":null,"owner":{"id":330379,"first_name":"Jianhua","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Xu","page_name":"JianhuaXu","domain_name":"umac","created_at":"2011-02-12T14:18:41.324-08:00","display_name":"Jianhua Xu","url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JianhuaXu"},"attachments":[{"id":11222643,"title":"Review-Policing serious crime in China","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11222643/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review-Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11222643/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11222643/Review-Policing_serious_crime_in_China-libre.pdf?1390858478=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_Policing_serious_crime_in_China.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403497\u0026Signature=OR8u8RkP2n3Vhmpi4fH0d42JqPHBpj93EONBMJp4eKLEeV0uCNKIQKg6Dw4K1m2fIK42SzwwSn~KeqtKFFDZiWwlLLY2wc7u2Hm~6IIJSRJ8JvdSDMgWN9HNJfZz40wXVEfCHWCdPMZHvXVbRvHrs4tYWKoEy0UmAmiVnaa1JuORVpa5P2ZWW6EUFZj08vlDIqlOiV-XiE-FyTAdOdCzTHUi4CFdRxxQLLYha~8yStS86P3RbQ2i7I~l2JhATdamOi25zHJkDHZsU-H9R2Q~3nhUCaxLZxJ~5~mmjBpqQEVKdDju25yxArFG9VIPvbO1-cpPKh2~sl-vRym5w4Eshw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":217756,"url":"http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\u0026id=doi:10.1007/s11417-012-9131-5"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-1450770-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1167269"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/1167269/Motorcycle_taxis_crime_prevention_and_the_social_exclusion_of_migrant_workers_in_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Motorcycle taxis: 'crime prevention' and the social exclusion of migrant workers in China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Motorcycle taxis: 'crime prevention' and the social exclusion of migrant workers in China</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the rapid progress of China’s industrialization and modernization, people like Uncle Dong are ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the rapid progress of China’s industrialization and modernization, people like Uncle Dong are becoming unwanted, and being what Zygmunt Bauman called “redundant” for modern society. They face multi-dimensional social exclusion in cities, including economic, political, and spatial exclusion as well as a lack of access to particular services, such as housing, medical provision, education, policing and security. What makes their situation alarming is that different dimensions of social exclusion correlate and reinforce each other, to become the source of mounting violence in urban China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1167269"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1167269"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1167269; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1167269]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1167269]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1167269; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1167269']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1167269]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1167269,"title":"Motorcycle taxis: 'crime prevention' and the social exclusion of migrant workers in China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the rapid progress of China’s industrialization and modernization, people like Uncle Dong are becoming unwanted, and being what Zygmunt Bauman called “redundant” for modern society. 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It examines current research topics in criminology regarding juvenile delinquency,<br />drug abuse, policing, cross-border crime and organized crime. It also points out limitations, challenges and opportunities for criminology research in a society undergoing dramatic political<br />changes towards a democratic society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="484568fc1c4f301ccf519634aca1e15f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6737859,"asset_id":1098110,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6737859/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1098110"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1098110"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1098110; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1098110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1098110]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1098110; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1098110']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "484568fc1c4f301ccf519634aca1e15f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1098110]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1098110,"title":"Hong Kong: The state of criminology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter explores crime and criminology in one of the safest cities in the developed world, Hong Kong. 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The article argues that although a motorcycle ban policy may reduce motorcycle snatch theft (feiche qiangduo) in Guangzhou, it inevitably caused a problem of displacement. However, some types of displacement are desirable for local government. An argument about drive-away policing is proposed in this article to understand policing styles in contemporary China. In addition, the article argues that motorcycle ban, as a strategy to prevent snatch theft and robbery, is also a strategy to deal with the crisis in police legitimacy. 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The article argues that although a motorcycle ban policy may reduce motorcycle snatch theft (feiche qiangduo) in Guangzhou, it inevitably caused a problem of displacement. However, some types of displacement are desirable for local government. An argument about drive-away policing is proposed in this article to understand policing styles in contemporary China. In addition, the article argues that motorcycle ban, as a strategy to prevent snatch theft and robbery, is also a strategy to deal with the crisis in police legitimacy. Therefore, crime prevention in China has more social and political significance than just reducing crime."},"translated_abstract":"Using the example of motorcycle ban policy in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, this article examines how situational crime prevention strategies are used in contemporary urban China. The article argues that although a motorcycle ban policy may reduce motorcycle snatch theft (feiche qiangduo) in Guangzhou, it inevitably caused a problem of displacement. However, some types of displacement are desirable for local government. An argument about drive-away policing is proposed in this article to understand policing styles in contemporary China. In addition, the article argues that motorcycle ban, as a strategy to prevent snatch theft and robbery, is also a strategy to deal with the crisis in police legitimacy. Therefore, crime prevention in China has more social and political significance than just reducing crime.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/442871/Drive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crime_Prevention_in_China_An_Analysis_of_Motorcycle_Ban_jinmo_Policy_in_Guangzhou","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2011-02-14T12:35:46.662-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":330379,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2018003,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/2018003/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Drive-Away_Policing.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2018003/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crim.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/2018003/Drive-Away_Policing-libre.pdf?1390824778=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crim.pdf\u0026Expires=1744403497\u0026Signature=ZkbMHibZyWjUKfH929vhZiHdPOthv2oXY-6K0ZpD7hYPjyeruIpS9IpNEdYZLC2PkAcm3UtfukgSpxpuUidWvZ0y4vbJk4aTrvCtH8FZwrwBQl1vv5imKglp6yXwXfm6Oh3MEMEiFN9yyRotRTLFc16VQPQoS4FGYpwLI1JFNVbqrj8uN6am6Y5Ys5AKE7-0mh-2ONUMMPpkcp05S~C87KVYpyZycQmMzn4X0RDNBkS0BRLNpKP21E0U0NAl5tfWRITh8NVktYp6ZLWYx82yPjMz4BxOi3TlAaZGuolhTQJzUO1b7~Rpxyvv839cYc14ZVMNC9BhFUHLrlgooVBoFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Drive_Away_Policing_and_Situational_Crime_Prevention_in_China_An_Analysis_of_Motorcycle_Ban_jinmo_Policy_in_Guangzhou","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Using the example of motorcycle ban policy in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province, this article examines how situational crime prevention strategies are used in contemporary urban China. 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It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. The outcome is one of the very first ethnographic analyses of crime conducted in situ in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12205516e878ad34a26d9fafef7a1340" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":1989454,"asset_id":440697,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1989454/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="440697"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="440697"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 440697; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=440697]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=440697]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 440697; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='440697']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "12205516e878ad34a26d9fafef7a1340" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=440697]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":440697,"title":"The Robbery of Motorcycle Taxi Drivers (Dake Zai) in China: A Lifestyle/Routine Activity Perspective and Beyond","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using official police records, interviews with motorcycle taxi drivers and the participant observation of their working activities in Tianzhi city, China, this paper examines how and why a dimension of social stratification—household registration (hukou)—is related to the risk of robbery victimization and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of applying lifestyle/routine activity theory to contemporary urban China. It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. 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It discloses that migrant motorcycle taxi drivers are highly overrepresented in robbery victimization. Their night-time working practices enhance their chances of being robbed by both increasing exposure to likely offenders and reducing the presence of capable guardians. The study further explores how a structural factor—motorcycle ban policy—shapes different routine activities between migrant and resident motorcycle taxi drivers and, by extension, differential risks of robbery victimization. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of locating lifestyle/routine activities in a larger Chinese macro-social structural context. 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The book also discusses to what extent their practices in controlling organized crime affect the legitimacy of these regimes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c6bc1266a5ac002903dfe9f5b9a6dc3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51784672,"asset_id":30365975,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51784672/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30365975"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30365975"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30365975; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30365975]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30365975]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30365975; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30365975']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c6bc1266a5ac002903dfe9f5b9a6dc3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30365975]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30365975,"title":"Review of The Politics of Controlling Organized Crime in Greater China","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mainly using data gathered from newspaper reports from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, this book explores how governments in Greater China deal with organized crime and whether they have the capacity to control organized crime. 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