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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasal_finals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Nasal finals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasal_finals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Checked_syllables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Checked_syllables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Checked syllables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Checked_syllables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monophthong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monophthong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4.1</span> <span>Monophthong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monophthong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diphthong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diphthong"> <div 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Phofsit Daibuun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Transliteration_of_Chinese" title="Transliteration of Chinese">Transliteration of Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Standard Mandarin">Modern Standard Mandarin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Spelling conventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinxua_Sin_Wenz" title="Latinxua Sin Wenz">Latinxua Sin Wenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessing-Othmer" title="Lessing-Othmer">Lessing-Othmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Wade" title="Simplified Wade">Simplified Wade</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Standard_Mandarin_transcription_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Standard Mandarin transcription systems">Comparison chart</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(late_imperial_lingua_franca)" title="Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)">Late imperial Mandarin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrison_romanization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morrison romanization (page does not exist)">Morrison romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legge_romanization" title="Legge romanization">Legge romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFEO_Chinese_transcription" title="EFEO Chinese transcription">EFEO</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuanese dialect">Sichuanese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_Pinyin" title="Sichuanese Pinyin">Sichuanese Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuanxua_Ladinxua_Xin_Wenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz">Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">General Wu</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization of Wu Chinese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Wenzhounese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese_romanisation" title="Wenzhounese romanisation">Wenzhounese romanisation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Guangdong Romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Cantonese_Romanisation" title="Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation">Hong Kong Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Government_Cantonese_Romanization" title="Macau Government Cantonese Romanization">Macau Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer%E2%80%93Wempe" title="Meyer–Wempe">Meyer–Wempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lau_romanisation" title="Sidney Lau romanisation">Sidney Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._L._Wong_(phonetic_symbols)" title="S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)">S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._L._Wong_(romanisation)" title="S. L. Wong (romanisation)">S. L. Wong (romanisation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Pinyin">Cantonese Pinyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Romanization_(Cantonese)" title="Standard Romanization (Cantonese)">Standard Romanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett%E2%80%93Chao" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnett–Chao">Barnett–Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Cantonese_romanization_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Cantonese romanization systems"> <i>Comparison chart</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Literal_Taiwanese" title="Modern Literal Taiwanese">Modern Literal Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Phofsit Daibuun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinxua_Sin_Wenz" title="Latinxua Sin Wenz">Habhunwe Latinxua Sin Bhundzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bb%C3%A1nl%C3%A1m_p%C3%ACngy%C4%ABm" title="Bbánlám pìngyīm">Bbánlám pìngyīm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daighi_tongiong_pingim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daighi tongiong pingim">Daighi tongiong pingim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Hokkien_writing_systems" title="Comparison of Hokkien writing systems">Comparison chart</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peng%27im" title="Peng'im">Peng'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Romanization" title="Teochew Romanization">Pe̍h-ūe-jī</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Fuzhounese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">Foochow Romanised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_Transliteration_Scheme" title="Fuzhou Transliteration Scheme">Fuzhou Transliteration Scheme</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern Min</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kienning_Colloquial_Romanized" title="Kienning Colloquial Romanized">Kienning Colloquial Romanised</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Pu-Xian Min</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinghwa_Romanized" title="Hinghwa Romanized">Hinghwa Romanised</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainan Romanized">Hainan Romanised</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haikou_dialect" title="Haikou dialect">Haikou dialect</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese_Transliteration_Scheme" title="Hainanese Transliteration Scheme">Hainanese Transliteration Scheme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wenchang_dialect" title="Wenchang dialect">Wenchang dialect</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shao–Jiang Min</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanized_Shaowu" title="Romanized Shaowu">Romanised Shaowu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shaowu_dialect" title="Shaowu dialect">Shaowu dialect</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%93Du_Gan" title="Chang–Du Gan">Chang-Du</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinfa" title="Pinfa">Pinfa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Meixian_dialect" title="Meixian dialect">Meixian</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinfa" title="Pinfa">Pinfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagfa_Pinyim" title="Hagfa Pinyim">Hagfa Pinyim</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ">Pha̍k-fa-sṳ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%93Yi_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang–Yi dialects">Chang–Yi</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinfa" title="Pinfa">Pinfa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Diasystem" title="Diasystem">Polylectal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/General_Chinese" title="General Chinese">General Chinese</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Chinese#Romanized_General_Chinese" title="General Chinese">Romanized General Chinese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other transliterations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Chinese#Character-based_General_Chinese" title="General Chinese">Character-based General Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese" title="Cyrillization of Chinese">Cyrillisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_into_Chinese_characters" title="Transcription into Chinese characters">Transcription into Chinese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By place</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Romanisation in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanisation_in_Singapore" title="Chinese language romanisation in Singapore">Romanisation in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_romanization_in_Taiwan" title="Chinese language romanization in Taiwan">Romanisation in Taiwan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transliteration_of_Chinese" title="Template:Transliteration of Chinese"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transliteration_of_Chinese" title="Template talk:Transliteration of Chinese"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transliteration_of_Chinese" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transliteration of Chinese"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Phofsit Daibuun (PSDB)</b> (普實臺文) is an <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> for <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Modern_Literal_Taiwanese" title="Modern Literal Taiwanese">Modern Literal Taiwanese</a>. It is able to use the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> character set to indicate the proper variation of pitch without any subsidiary scripts or <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> symbols. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveolo-palatal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiceless</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">unaspiration</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>p</td> <td>d</td> <td>k</td> <td>' (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>]</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspiration</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ph</td> <td>t</td> <td>q</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></td> <td>unaspiration</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>b</td> <td> </td> <td>g</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">voiceless</td> <td>unaspiration</td> <td>z</td> <td>c</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>aspiration</td> <td>zh</td> <td>ch</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>voiced</td> <td>unaspiration</td> <td> </td> <td>j</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">voiceless</td> <td>unaspiration</td> <td>s</td> <td>si</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>aspiration</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a></td> <td>voiced</td> <td>unaspiration</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>m/v</td> <td>n</td> <td>ng/v</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a></td> <td>voiced</td> <td>unaspiration</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>l</td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nasalized syllables are indicated by "v" preceding the syllable nucleus. Except for <b>b</b>, <b>j</b>, <b>l</b>, which do not precede nasalized vowels, and <b>m</b> and <b>n</b>, which are already nasals. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Normal</b></td> <td>c</td> <td>ch</td> <td>d</td> <td>g</td> <td>h</td> <td>k</td> <td>p</td> <td>ph</td> <td>q</td> <td>s</td> <td>t</td> <td>z</td> <td>zh</td> <td>ø </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nasalized</b></td> <td>cv</td> <td>chv</td> <td>dv</td> <td>gv</td> <td>hv</td> <td>kv</td> <td>pv</td> <td>phv</td> <td>qv</td> <td>sv</td> <td>tv</td> <td>zv</td> <td>zhv</td> <td>v </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Example</b></td> <td>爭(cvy)</td> <td>星(chvy)</td> <td>鄭(dve)</td> <td>硬(gve)</td> <td>耳(hvi)</td> <td>件(kvia)</td> <td>病(pve)</td> <td>鼻(phvi)</td> <td>扲(qvii)</td> <td>漬(svi)</td> <td>縫(tvi)</td> <td>濺(zvoa)</td> <td>青(zhvef)</td> <td>院(vi) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a></td> <td>i</td> <td> </td> <td>u </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a></td> <td>e</td> <td> </td> <td>oi(2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a></td> <td> </td> <td>oi(1)</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>o </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a></td> <td>a</td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Regarding the pronunciation of "oi": </p> <ul><li>in southern regions such as <a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a>, the pronunciation tends toward oi(1), the <a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">mid central vowel</a> ə</li> <li>in central and northern regions, the pronunciation tends toward oi(2), the <a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">close-mid back unrounded vowel</a> ɤ</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tone_spellings">Tone spellings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tone spellings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The table below shows the spelling of the basic tone (7) mid tone, and the four sub-tones (1) high, (5) rising, (3) low falling/low, (2) falling/high falling</li> <li>(') indicates a changed tone</li> <li>(**) indicates a tone that does not exist in standard Taiwanese</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monophthongs">Monophthongs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Monophthongs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>a (ha)夏</td> <td>af 阿</td> <td>aa (gaa)牙</td> <td>ax (pax)豹</td> <td>ar (kar)絞 </td></tr> <tr> <td>i 異</td> <td>y 伊</td> <td>ii 姨</td> <td>ix 意</td> <td>ie 椅 </td></tr> <tr> <td>u 有</td> <td>w 污</td> <td>uu (guu)牛</td> <td>ux 熨</td> <td>uo 羽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>e 下</td> <td>ef (qef)溪(qef)</td> <td>ee 的</td> <td>ex (kex)嫁</td> <td>ea 矮 </td></tr> <tr> <td>o 芋</td> <td>of 黑</td> <td>oo 湖</td> <td>ox (tox)兔</td> <td>or 挖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oi (goi)餓</td> <td>oy 渦</td> <td>ooi 蚵</td> <td>oix 奧</td> <td>oir 襖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ng (hng)遠</td> <td>ngf 秧</td> <td>ngg 黃</td> <td>ngx 怏</td> <td>ngr 阮 </td></tr> <tr> <td>m 毋</td> <td>mf' (mfpooi)姆婆</td> <td>mm 蕾</td> <td>mx' (mxsi)不是</td> <td>mr 姆 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diphthongs">Diphthongs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diphthongs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>ai (dai)代</td> <td>ay 哀</td> <td>aai (daai)台</td> <td>aix 愛</td> <td>ae 藹 </td></tr> <tr> <td>au 後</td> <td>aw 歐</td> <td>aau 喉</td> <td>aux 懊</td> <td>ao (kao)狗 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ia 夜</td> <td>iaf 埃</td> <td>iaa 爺</td> <td>iax 厭</td> <td>iar 野 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iau 耀</td> <td>iaw 邀</td> <td>iaau 姚</td> <td>iaux (tiaux)跳</td> <td>iao (ciao)鳥 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ioi (bioi)廟</td> <td>ioy 腰</td> <td>iooi 搖</td> <td>ioix (kioix)叫</td> <td>ioir (cioir)少 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iu 柚</td> <td>iw 憂</td> <td>iuu 油</td> <td>iux 幼</td> <td>iuo 友 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oa (doa)大</td> <td>oaf (koaf)歌</td> <td>oaa (zoaa)蛇</td> <td>oax (hoax)化</td> <td>oar (zoar)紙 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oai (hoai)壞</td> <td>oay (koay)乖</td> <td>oaai (hoaai)懷</td> <td>oaix (koaix)怪</td> <td>oae (koae)拐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oe 話</td> <td>oef 鍋</td> <td>oee 唯</td> <td>oex (hoex)貨</td> <td>oea 挖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ui 位</td> <td>uy 威</td> <td>uii 圍</td> <td>uix 畏</td> <td>uie 委 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nasal_finals">Nasal finals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nasal finals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>an (han)限</td> <td>afn 安</td> <td>aan 緊</td> <td>axn 案</td> <td>arn (karn)簡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ang (bang)網</td> <td>afng 翁</td> <td>aang 紅</td> <td>axng 甕</td> <td>arng (karng)講 </td></tr> <tr> <td>am 頷</td> <td>afm 醃</td> <td>aam 涵</td> <td>axm 暗</td> <td>arm 洝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>eng 用</td> <td>efng 鷹</td> <td>eeng 閒</td> <td>exng 應</td> <td>erng 泳 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iam 艷</td> <td>iafm 閹</td> <td>iaam 鹽</td> <td>iaxm 厭</td> <td>iarm 掩 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iang 恙</td> <td>iafng 央</td> <td>iaang 陽</td> <td>iaxng 泱</td> <td>iarng 養 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ien 沿</td> <td>iefn 煙</td> <td>ieen 鉛</td> <td>iexn 宴</td> <td>iern 演 </td></tr> <tr> <td>in 胤</td> <td>yn 因</td> <td>iin 云</td> <td>ixn 印</td> <td>irn 引 </td></tr> <tr> <td>im (dim)燉</td> <td>ym 音</td> <td>iim 淫</td> <td>ixm 蔭</td> <td>irm 飲 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iong 用</td> <td>iofng 央</td> <td>ioong 容</td> <td>ioxng 擁</td> <td>iorng 勇 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oan 緩</td> <td>oafn 冤</td> <td>oaan 完</td> <td>oaxn 怨</td> <td>oarn 遠 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ong 旺</td> <td>ofng 汪</td> <td>oong 王</td> <td>oxng 罋</td> <td>orng 往 </td></tr> <tr> <td>un 運</td> <td>wn 溫</td> <td>uun 勻</td> <td>uxn 搵</td> <td>urn 隱 </td></tr> <tr> <td>om' 掩'埋</td> <td>ofm 掩</td> <td>oom**</td> <td>oxm (doxm)頓</td> <td>orm' (dorm)頓'頭 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Checked_syllables">Checked syllables</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Checked syllables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li># symbol represents characters used for their meaning, rather than their pronunciation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Monophthong">Monophthong</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Monophthong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td>Labial</td> <td>Dental</td> <td>Velar</td> <td>Open </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low</td> <td>ab 壓</td> <td>ad 握</td> <td>ag 渥</td> <td>aq 鴨 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High</td> <td>ap 盒</td> <td>at (bat)密</td> <td>ak (bak)目</td> <td>ah (tah)疊 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low</td> <td>ib 揖</td> <td>id 壹</td> <td>ig**</td> <td>iq (tiq)鐵 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High</td> <td>ip 佾</td> <td>it 軼</td> <td>ik**</td> <td>ih 胰 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low</td> <td>ub**</td> <td>ud 熨</td> <td>ug**</td> <td>uq (duq)拄 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High</td> <td>up**</td> <td>ut (kut)滑</td> <td>uk**</td> <td>uh (duh)刺 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low</td> <td>eb**</td> <td>ed**</td> <td>eg 億</td> <td>eq (keq)格 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High</td> <td>ep**</td> <td>et**</td> <td>役</td> <td>eh 狹 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low</td> <td>ob (lob)#踏</td> <td>od**</td> <td>og 惡</td> <td>oq (moq)漏平 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High</td> <td>op (lop'lob)</td> <td>ot**</td> <td>ok (dok)獨</td> <td>oh (moh)膜 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low</td> <td>oib**</td> <td>oid**</td> <td>oig**</td> <td>oiq #慢 </td></tr> <tr> <td>High</td> <td>oip**</td> <td>oit**</td> <td>oik**</td> <td>oih 學 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Diphthong">Diphthong</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diphthong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>iab #掩藏</td> <td>ied 謁</td> <td>iag (siag)摔</td> <td>iaq 扼 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iap 葉</td> <td>iet 搧</td> <td>iak (diak)彈</td> <td>iah 頁 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>oad #轉</td> <td>iog</td> <td>auq (kauq)輾 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>oat 悅</td> <td>iok 育</td> <td>auh (bauh)貿 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iuq (kiuq)縮</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>iauq (hiauq)剝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iuh' (kiuh)縮</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>iauh (hiauh)剝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oaq (koaq)割</td> <td>ioiq #猜</td> <td>oeq (hoeq)血</td> <td>uiq (huiq)血 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oah 活</td> <td>ioih 藥</td> <td>oeh 劃</td> <td>uih 劃 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rarely_used_vowels">Rarely used vowels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rarely used vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vowel</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>io</td> <td>nio, =nio 讓；svio, =sviu 想 </td></tr> <tr> <td>iof</td> <td>diofng 忠；hviof, =hviw香 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ioo</td> <td>nioo, =niuu 量，想；hioong affectionate, cruel </td></tr> <tr> <td>iox</td> <td>cioxng 將，從；hioxng 向 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ior</td> <td>nior, =niuo 兩；bioir 秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ioq</td> <td>hioq 嗎 (interrogative) </td></tr> <tr> <td>oaiq</td> <td>voaiq 瘸著走 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oaih'</td> <td>vih'voaih'kioix 噫椏叫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>mq</td> <td>hmq, =hmr strike down forcefully </td></tr> <tr> <td>mh</td> <td>hmh insidious, silent; hmq'hmh </td></tr> <tr> <td>ngq</td> <td>hngq (expression of agreement) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ngh</td> <td>dngh 當, 擔任；hngh (expression of disapproval) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PSDB_examples">PSDB examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: PSDB examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Universal Declaration of Human Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <th align="left">PSDB </th> <th align="left">English </th></tr> <tr> <td class="Unicode"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="nan-Latn">Lienhabkog seakaix jinqoaan soangieen</i></span> <p><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="nan-Latn">De id diaau</i></span> </p><p><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="nan-Latn">Sofu ee laang cit zhutsix doixsi zuxiuu ee, jichviar di zungiaam kab qoanli siong itlut pengderng. Langlaang tiensefng doi u lysexng kab liongsym, erngkay aix kafnnar hviadi kaxngqoarn laai hoxsiong duietai.</i></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <p>Article 1 </p><p>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PSDB_Greetings">PSDB Greetings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: PSDB Greetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <th align="left">PSDB </th> <th align="left">Translation </th> <th align="left">Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ciaqpar`boe?</td> <td>Greetings.</td> <td>("Have you eaten?") </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sitlea!</td> <td>Sorry for my impoliteness!</td> <td>(lit., "Disrespect") </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goar tviaf booi.</td> <td>I don't understand.</td> <td>(lit., "I hear not") </td></tr> <tr> <td>Piexnsor di doyui?</td> <td>Where's the bathroom?</td> <td>(lit., "bathroom is where?") </td></tr> <tr> <td>Loflat! Kafmsia!</td> <td>Thank you</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ho daf `lax!</td> <td>Cheers!</td> <td>(lit., <i>Let it [the cup/glass] be dry [empty]!</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lie karm korng Engguo?</td> <td>Do you speak English?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Siensvy korng, hagsefng diaxmdiam tviaf.</td> <td>The teacher talks, the students quietly listen.</td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/36\/Taiwanese_Kana_Example.ogg\/Taiwanese_Kana_Example.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Taiwanese Kana Example.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/Taiwanese_Kana_Example.ogg/Taiwanese_Kana_Example.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwanese_Kana_Example.ogg" title="File:Taiwanese Kana Example.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kin'afjit hit'ee zabor-gyn'ar laai goarn daw qvoax goar.</td> <td>Today that girl came to my house to see me.</td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f1\/Tai_JintianDaoJiaKanWo.ogg\/Tai_JintianDaoJiaKanWo.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tai JintianDaoJiaKanWo.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Tai_JintianDaoJiaKanWo.ogg/Tai_JintianDaoJiaKanWo.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tai_JintianDaoJiaKanWo.ogg" title="File:Tai JintianDaoJiaKanWo.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kin'axm larn beq qix Suxliim Iaxchi'ar.</td> <td>Tonight, we want to go to Shilin Night Market.</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_chart">Comparison chart</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Comparison chart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowels </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ap</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">at</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ak</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aʔ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ã</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔk</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ̃</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ẽ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iɛn</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iəŋ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>ap</td> <td>at</td> <td>ak</td> <td>ah</td> <td>aⁿ</td> <td>o͘</td> <td>ok</td> <td>oⁿ</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>e</td> <td>eⁿ</td> <td>i</td> <td>ian</td> <td>eng </td></tr> <tr> <td>Revised <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>ap</td> <td>at</td> <td>ak</td> <td>ah</td> <td>aN</td> <td>oo</td> <td>ok</td> <td>ooN</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>e</td> <td>eN</td> <td>i</td> <td>ian</td> <td>ing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>ap</td> <td>at</td> <td>ak</td> <td>ah</td> <td>ann</td> <td>oo</td> <td>ok</td> <td>oonn</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>e</td> <td>enn</td> <td>i</td> <td>ian</td> <td>ing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bb%C3%A1nl%C3%A1m_H%C5%8Dngggi%C3%A1n_P%C4%ABny%C4%ABn_H%C5%8Dng%C3%A0n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bbánlám Hōngggián Pīnyīn Hōngàn">BP</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>ap</td> <td>at</td> <td>ak</td> <td>ah</td> <td>na</td> <td>oo</td> <td>ok</td> <td>noo</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>e</td> <td>ne</td> <td>i</td> <td>ian</td> <td>ing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Literal_Taiwanese" title="Modern Literal Taiwanese">MLT</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>ab/ap</td> <td>ad/at</td> <td>ag/ak</td> <td>aq/ah</td> <td>va</td> <td>o</td> <td>og/ok</td> <td>vo</td> <td>ø</td> <td>ø</td> <td>e</td> <td>ve</td> <td>i</td> <td>ien</td> <td>eng </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daighi_tongiong_pingim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daighi tongiong pingim">DT</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>āp/ap</td> <td>āt/at</td> <td>āk/ak</td> <td>āh/ah</td> <td>ann/aⁿ</td> <td>o</td> <td>ok</td> <td>onn/oⁿ</td> <td>or</td> <td>or</td> <td>e</td> <td>enn/eⁿ</td> <td>i</td> <td>ian/en</td> <td>ing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></td> <td>アア</td> <td>アㇷ゚</td> <td>アッ</td> <td>アㇰ</td> <td>アァ</td> <td>アア</td> <td>オオ</td> <td>オㇰ</td> <td>オオ</td> <td><span style="text-decoration: overline">オオ</span></td> <td>ヲヲ</td> <td>エエ</td> <td>エエ</td> <td>イイ</td> <td>イェヌ</td> <td>イェン </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Extended</a> <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">bopomofo</a></td> <td>ㄚ</td> <td>ㄚㆴ</td> <td>ㄚㆵ</td> <td>ㄚㆻ</td> <td>ㄚㆷ</td> <td>ㆩ</td> <td>ㆦ</td> <td>ㆦㆻ</td> <td>ㆧ</td> <td>ㄜ</td> <td>ㄛ</td> <td>ㆤ</td> <td>ㆥ</td> <td>ㄧ</td> <td>ㄧㄢ</td> <td>ㄧㄥ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>ap</td> <td>at</td> <td>ak</td> <td>ah</td> <td>ann</td> <td>oo</td> <td>ok</td> <td>onn</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>e</td> <td>enn</td> <td>i</td> <td>ian</td> <td>ing </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>) </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">亞</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">壓</span><br />力 </td> <td>警<br /><span style="color: darkred">察</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">沃</span><br />水 </td> <td>牛<br /><span style="color: darkred">肉</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">三</span><br />十 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">烏</span><br />色 </td> <td>中<br /><span style="color: darkred">國</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">澳</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">澳</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">下</span><br />晡 </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">醫</span><br />學 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">鉛</span><br />筆 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">英</span><br />國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>) </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">亚</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">压</span><br />力 </td> <td>警<br /><span style="color: darkred">察</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">沃</span><br />水 </td> <td>牛<br /><span style="color: darkred">肉</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">三</span><br />十 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">乌</span><br />色 </td> <td>中<br /><span style="color: darkred">国</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">澳</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">澳</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">下</span><br />晡 </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">医</span><br />学 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">铅</span><br />笔 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">英</span><br />国 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowels </caption> <tbody><tr class="IPA"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iək</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ĩ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aĩ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">au</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">am</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔm</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m̩</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔŋ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ̍</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ua</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ue</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uai</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uan</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɨ</span></td> <td>(i)<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ũ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a></td> <td>ek</td> <td>iⁿ</td> <td>ai</td> <td>aiⁿ</td> <td>au</td> <td>am</td> <td>om</td> <td>m</td> <td>ong</td> <td>ng</td> <td>u</td> <td>oa</td> <td>oe</td> <td>oai</td> <td>oan</td> <td>i</td> <td>(i)uⁿ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Revised <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></td> <td>ik</td> <td>iN</td> <td>ai</td> <td>aiN</td> <td>au</td> <td>am</td> <td>om</td> <td>m</td> <td>ong</td> <td>ng</td> <td>u</td> <td>ua</td> <td>ue</td> <td>uai</td> <td>uan</td> <td>ir</td> <td>(i)uN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></td> <td>ik</td> <td>inn</td> <td>ai</td> <td>ainn</td> <td>au</td> <td>am</td> <td>om</td> <td>m</td> <td>ong</td> <td>ng</td> <td>u</td> <td>ua</td> <td>ue</td> <td>uai</td> <td>uan</td> <td>ir</td> <td>(i)unn </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bb%C3%A1nl%C3%A1m_H%C5%8Dngggi%C3%A1n_P%C4%ABny%C4%ABn_H%C5%8Dng%C3%A0n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bbánlám Hōngggián Pīnyīn Hōngàn">BP</a></td> <td>ik</td> <td>ni</td> <td>ai</td> <td>nai</td> <td>au</td> <td>am</td> <td>om</td> <td>m</td> <td>ong</td> <td>ng</td> <td>u</td> <td>ua</td> <td>ue</td> <td>uai</td> <td>uan</td> <td>i</td> <td>n(i)u </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Literal_Taiwanese" title="Modern Literal Taiwanese">MLT</a></td> <td>eg/ek</td> <td>vi</td> <td>ai</td> <td>vai</td> <td>au</td> <td>am</td> <td>om</td> <td>m</td> <td>ong</td> <td>ng</td> <td>u</td> <td>oa</td> <td>oe</td> <td>oai</td> <td>oan</td> <td>i</td> <td>v(i)u </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daighi_tongiong_pingim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daighi tongiong pingim">DT</a></td> <td>ik</td> <td>inn/iⁿ</td> <td>ai</td> <td>ainn/aiⁿ</td> <td>au</td> <td>am</td> <td>om</td> <td>m</td> <td>ong</td> <td>ng</td> <td>u</td> <td>ua</td> <td>ue</td> <td>uai</td> <td>uan</td> <td>i</td> <td>(i)unn/uⁿ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></td> <td>イェㇰ</td> <td>イイ</td> <td>アイ</td> <td>アイ</td> <td>アウ</td> <td>アム</td> <td>オム</td> <td>ム</td> <td>オン</td> <td>ン</td> <td>ウウ</td> <td>ヲア</td> <td>ヲエ</td> <td>ヲァイ</td> <td>ヲァヌ</td> <td><span style="text-decoration: overline">ウウ</span></td> <td>ウウ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Extended</a> <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">bopomofo</a></td> <td>ㄧㆻ</td> <td>ㆪ</td> <td>ㄞ</td> <td>ㆮ</td> <td>ㆯ</td> <td>ㆰ</td> <td>ㆱ</td> <td>ㆬ</td> <td>ㆲ</td> <td>ㆭ</td> <td>ㄨ</td> <td>ㄨㄚ</td> <td>ㄨㆤ</td> <td>ㄨㄞ</td> <td>ㄨㄢ</td> <td>ㆨ</td> <td>ㆫ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></td> <td>ik</td> <td>inn</td> <td>ai</td> <td>ainn</td> <td>au</td> <td>am</td> <td>om</td> <td>m</td> <td>ong</td> <td>ng</td> <td>u</td> <td>ua</td> <td>ue</td> <td>uai</td> <td>uan</td> <td>ir</td> <td>(i)unn </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>) </td> <td>翻<br /><span style="color: darkred">譯</span> </td> <td>病<br /><span style="color: darkred">院</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">愛</span><br />情 </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">歐</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">暗</span><br />時 </td> <td> </td> <td>阿<br /><span style="color: darkred">姆</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">王</span><br />梨 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">黃</span><br />色 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">有</span><br />無 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">歌</span><br />曲 </td> <td>講<br /><span style="color: darkred">話</span> </td> <td>奇<br /><span style="color: darkred">怪</span> </td> <td>人<br /><span style="color: darkred">員</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">豬</span><br />肉 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">舀</span><br />水 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>) </td> <td>翻<br /><span style="color: darkred">译</span> </td> <td>病<br /><span style="color: darkred">院</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">爱</span><br />情 </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">欧</span><br />洲 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">暗</span><br />时 </td> <td> </td> <td>阿<br /><span style="color: darkred">姆</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">王</span><br />梨 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">黄</span><br />色 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">有</span><br />无 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">歌</span><br />曲 </td> <td>讲<br /><span style="color: darkred">话</span> </td> <td>奇<br /><span style="color: darkred">怪</span> </td> <td>人<br /><span style="color: darkred">员</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">猪</span><br />肉 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">舀</span><br />水 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Consonants </caption> <tbody><tr class="IPA"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">nŋ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">k</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">h</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕi</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʑi</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕʰi</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕi</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ts</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dz</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a></td> <td>p</td> <td>b</td> <td>ph</td> <td>m</td> <td>t</td> <td>th</td> <td>n</td> <td>nng</td> <td>l</td> <td>k</td> <td>g</td> <td>kh</td> <td>h</td> <td>chi</td> <td>ji</td> <td>chhi</td> <td>si</td> <td>ch</td> <td>j</td> <td>chh</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td>Revised <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></td> <td>p</td> <td>b</td> <td>ph</td> <td>m</td> <td>t</td> <td>th</td> <td>n</td> <td>nng</td> <td>l</td> <td>k</td> <td>g</td> <td>kh</td> <td>h</td> <td>zi</td> <td>ji</td> <td>ci</td> <td>si</td> <td>z</td> <td>j</td> <td>c</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a></td> <td>p</td> <td>b</td> <td>ph</td> <td>m</td> <td>t</td> <td>th</td> <td>n</td> <td>nng</td> <td>l</td> <td>k</td> <td>g</td> <td>kh</td> <td>h</td> <td>zi</td> <td>ji</td> <td>ci</td> <td>si</td> <td>z</td> <td>j</td> <td>c</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bb%C3%A1nl%C3%A1m_H%C5%8Dngggi%C3%A1n_P%C4%ABny%C4%ABn_H%C5%8Dng%C3%A0n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bbánlám Hōngggián Pīnyīn Hōngàn">BP</a></td> <td>b</td> <td>bb</td> <td>p</td> <td>bb</td> <td>d</td> <td>t</td> <td>n</td> <td>lng</td> <td>l</td> <td>g</td> <td>gg</td> <td>k</td> <td>h</td> <td>zi</td> <td>li</td> <td>ci</td> <td>si</td> <td>z</td> <td>l</td> <td>c</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Literal_Taiwanese" title="Modern Literal Taiwanese">MLT</a></td> <td>p</td> <td>b</td> <td>ph</td> <td>m</td> <td>t</td> <td>th</td> <td>n</td> <td>nng</td> <td>l</td> <td>k</td> <td>g</td> <td>kh</td> <td>h</td> <td>ci</td> <td>ji</td> <td>chi</td> <td>si</td> <td>z</td> <td>j</td> <td>zh</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daighi_tongiong_pingim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daighi tongiong pingim">DT</a></td> <td>b</td> <td>bh</td> <td>p</td> <td>m</td> <td>d</td> <td>t</td> <td>n</td> <td>nng</td> <td>l</td> <td>g</td> <td>gh</td> <td>k</td> <td>h</td> <td>zi</td> <td>r</td> <td>ci</td> <td>si</td> <td>z</td> <td>r</td> <td>c</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a></td> <td>パア</td> <td>バア</td> <td>パ̣ア</td> <td>マア</td> <td>タア</td> <td>タ̣ア</td> <td>ナア</td> <td>ヌン</td> <td>ラア</td> <td>カア</td> <td>ガア</td> <td>カ̣ア</td> <td>ハア</td> <td>チイ</td> <td>ジイ</td> <td>チ̣イ</td> <td>シイ</td> <td><span style="text-decoration: overline">サ</span>ア</td> <td>ザア</td> <td><span style="text-decoration: overline">サ̣</span>ア</td> <td>サア </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Extended</a> <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">bopomofo</a></td> <td>ㄅ</td> <td>ㆠ</td> <td>ㄆ</td> <td>ㄇ</td> <td>ㄉ</td> <td>ㄊ</td> <td>ㄋ</td> <td>ㄋㆭ</td> <td>ㄌ</td> <td>ㄍ</td> <td>ㆣ</td> <td>ㄎ</td> <td>ㄏ</td> <td>ㄐ</td> <td>ㆢ</td> <td>ㄑ</td> <td>ㄒ</td> <td>ㄗ</td> <td>ㆡ</td> <td>ㄘ</td> <td>ㄙ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></td> <td>p</td> <td>b</td> <td>ph</td> <td>m</td> <td>t</td> <td>th</td> <td>n</td> <td>nng</td> <td>l</td> <td>k</td> <td>g</td> <td>kh</td> <td>h</td> <td>tsi</td> <td>ji</td> <td>tshi</td> <td>si</td> <td>ts</td> <td>j</td> <td>tsh</td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>) </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">報</span><br />紙 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">閩</span><br />南 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">普</span><br />通 </td> <td>請<br /><span style="color: darkred">問</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">豬</span><br />肉 </td> <td>普<br /><span style="color: darkred">通</span> </td> <td>過<br /><span style="color: darkred">年</span> </td> <td>雞<br /><span style="color: darkred">卵</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">樂</span><br />觀 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">價</span><br />值 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">牛</span><br />奶 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">客</span><br />廳 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">煩</span><br />惱 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">支</span><br />持 </td> <td>漢<br /><span style="color: darkred">字</span> </td> <td>支<br /><span style="color: darkred">持</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">是</span><br />否 </td> <td>報<br /><span style="color: darkred">紙</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">熱</span><br />天 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">參</span><br />加 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">司</span><br />法 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>) </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">报</span><br />纸 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">闽</span><br />南 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">普</span><br />通 </td> <td>请<br /><span style="color: darkred">问</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">猪</span><br />肉 </td> <td>普<br /><span style="color: darkred">通</span> </td> <td>过<br /><span style="color: darkred">年</span> </td> <td>鸡<br /><span style="color: darkred">卵</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">乐</span><br />观 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">价</span><br />值 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">牛</span><br />奶 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">客</span><br />厅 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">烦</span><br />恼 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">支</span><br />持 </td> <td>汉<br /><span style="color: darkred">字</span> </td> <td>支<br /><span style="color: darkred">持</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">是</span><br />否 </td> <td>报<br /><span style="color: darkred">纸</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">热</span><br />天 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">参</span><br />加 </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">司</span><br />法 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Tones </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tone name</th> <th>Yin level<br />陰平(1)</th> <th>Yin rising<br />陰上(2)</th> <th>Yin departing<br />陰去(3)</th> <th>Yin entering<br />陰入(4)</th> <th>Yang level<br />陽平(5)</th> <th>Yang rising<br />陽上(6)</th> <th>Yang departing<br />陽去(7)</th> <th>Yang entering<br />陽入(8)</th> <th>High rising<br />(9)</th> <th>Neutral tone<br />(0) </th></tr> <tr class="IPA"> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a˥</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a˥˧</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a˨˩</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ap˩</span><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">at˩</span><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ak˩</span><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aʔ˩</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a˧˥</span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a˧</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ap˥</span><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">at˥</span><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ak˥</span><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aʔ˥</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a˥˥</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a˨</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>á</td> <td>à</td> <td>ap<br />at<br />ak<br />ah</td> <td>â</td> <td>ǎ</td> <td>ā</td> <td>a̍p<br />a̍t<br />a̍k<br />a̍h</td> <td>ă</td> <td>--a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a> (and Revised <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Language_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet">TLPA</a>)</td> <td>a1</td> <td>a2</td> <td>a3</td> <td>ap4<br />at4<br />ak4<br />ah4</td> <td>a5</td> <td>a6</td> <td>a7</td> <td>ap8<br />at8<br />ak8<br />ah8</td> <td>a9</td> <td>a0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bb%C3%A1nl%C3%A1m_H%C5%8Dngggi%C3%A1n_P%C4%ABny%C4%ABn_H%C5%8Dng%C3%A0n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bbánlám Hōngggián Pīnyīn Hōngàn">BP</a></td> <td>ā</td> <td>ǎ</td> <td>à</td> <td>āp<br />āt<br />āk<br />āh</td> <td>á</td> <td></td> <td>â</td> <td>áp<br />át<br />ák<br />áh</td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Literal_Taiwanese" title="Modern Literal Taiwanese">MLT</a><br /></td> <td>af</td> <td>ar</td> <td>ax</td> <td>ab<br />ad<br />ag<br />aq</td> <td>aa</td> <td>aar</td> <td>a</td> <td>ap<br />at<br />ak<br />ah</td> <td> </td> <td>~a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daighi_tongiong_pingim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daighi tongiong pingim">DT</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>à</td> <td>â</td> <td>āp<br />āt<br />āk<br />āh</td> <td>ǎ</td> <td></td> <td>ā</td> <td>ap<br />at<br />ak<br />ah</td> <td>á</td> <td>å </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a><br />(normal vowels)</td> <td>アア</td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/U%2B1AFF0.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/U%2B1AFF0.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/U%2B1AFF0.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/U%2B1AFF1.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/U%2B1AFF1.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/U%2B1AFF1.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アㇷ゚<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アッ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アㇰ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アァ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/U%2B1AFF2.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/U%2B1AFF3.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/U%2B1AFF3.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/U%2B1AFF3.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td></td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/U%2B1AFF5.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/U%2B1AFF5.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/U%2B1AFF5.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アㇷ゚<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アッ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アㇰ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アァ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U%2B1AFF6.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a><br />(nasal vowels)</td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/U%2B1AFF7.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/U%2B1AFF7.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/U%2B1AFF7.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/U%2B1AFF8.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/U%2B1AFF8.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/U%2B1AFF8.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFF9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/U%2B1AFF9.svg/15px-U%2B1AFF9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/U%2B1AFF9.svg/23px-U%2B1AFF9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/U%2B1AFF9.svg/30px-U%2B1AFF9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アㇷ゚<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アッ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アㇰ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アァ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/U%2B1AFFA.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/U%2B1AFFB.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/U%2B1AFFB.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/U%2B1AFFB.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td></td> <td>アア<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/U%2B1AFFD.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/U%2B1AFFD.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/U%2B1AFFD.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td>アㇷ゚<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アッ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アㇰ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br />アァ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U%2B1AFFE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/15px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/23px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U%2B1AFFE.svg/30px-U%2B1AFFE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Extended</a> <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">bopomofo</a></td> <td>ㄚ</td> <td>ㄚˋ</td> <td>ㄚ˪</td> <td>ㄚㆴ<br />ㄚㆵ<br />ㄚㆻ<br />ㄚㆷ</td> <td>ㄚˊ</td> <td></td> <td>ㄚ˫</td> <td>ㄚㆴ˙<br />ㄚㆵ˙<br />ㄚㆻ˙<br />ㄚㆷ˙</td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>á</td> <td>à</td> <td>ah</td> <td>â</td> <td>ǎ</td> <td>ā</td> <td>a̍h</td> <td>a̋</td> <td>--ah </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example<br />(<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>) </td> <td>公<span style="color: darkred">司</span> </td> <td>報<span style="color: darkred">紙</span> </td> <td>興<span style="color: darkred">趣</span> </td> <td>血<span style="color: darkred">壓</span><br />警<span style="color: darkred">察</span><br />中<span style="color: darkred">國</span><br />牛<span style="color: darkred">肉</span> </td> <td>人<span style="color: darkred">員</span> </td> <td>老<span style="color: darkred">爸</span> </td> <td>草<span style="color: darkred">地</span> </td> <td>配<span style="color: darkred">合</span><br />法<span style="color: darkred">律</span><br />文<span style="color: darkred">學</span><br />歇<span style="color: darkred">熱</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">昨昏</span> </td> <td>入<span style="color: darkred">去</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Example<br />(<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>) </td> <td>公<span style="color: darkred">司</span> </td> <td>报<span style="color: darkred">纸</span> </td> <td>兴<span style="color: darkred">趣</span> </td> <td>血<span style="color: darkred">压</span><br />警<span style="color: darkred">察</span><br />中<span style="color: darkred">国</span><br />牛<span style="color: darkred">肉</span> </td> <td>人<span style="color: darkred">员</span> </td> <td>老<span style="color: darkred">爸</span> </td> <td>草<span style="color: darkred">地</span> </td> <td>配<span style="color: darkred">合</span><br />法<span style="color: darkred">律</span><br />文<span style="color: darkred">学</span><br />歇<span style="color: darkred">热</span> </td> <td><span style="color: darkred">昨昏</span> </td> <td>入<span style="color: darkred">去</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Note: <i>The <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">bopomofo</a> extended characters in the <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">zhuyin</a> row require a UTF-8 font capable of displaying <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> values <a href="/wiki/Unicode_font#2E00-4DBF" title="Unicode font">31A0–31B7</a> (ex. <a href="/wiki/Code2000" title="Code2000">Code2000</a> true type font).</i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/pulmonic.html">IPA: Pulmonic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090316003917/http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/pulmonic.html">Archived</a> 2009-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/vowels.html">IPA: Vowels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090313235947/http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/vowels.html">Archived</a> 2009-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lodafn.url.tw/daibuun/">PSDB(Phofsit Daibuun)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dang.idv.tw/">Formosa culture(Kun dor guan'de)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&oldid=1257373136">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phofsit_Daibuun&oldid=1257373136</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Category:Languages of Taiwan">Languages of Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanization_of_Hokkien" 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