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class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="ws-noexport"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14666768">.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-mainblock{border:1px solid #ACA;background-color:#E6F2E6;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-notes{border-bottom:1px solid #A0A0A0;background-color:#FAFAFF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .contributor-text{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #header-title-text{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #ws-data{display:none}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #ws-data.ws-data-show{display:block}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-missing-params{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;border-top:1px solid #CCC;border-right:1px solid #CCC;border-bottom:1px hidden transparent;border-left:1px 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Burroughs</a></span></span></span></div><div class="wst-header-forward searchaux wst-unknown-forward"><div class="wst-header-forward-link"><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/Preface" title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/Preface">Preface</a></div><div class="wst-header-forward-arrow">→</div></div></div><div class="wst-header-notes header_notes searchaux wst-unknown-notes"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14321584">.mw-parser-output .plainSister{display:block;font-size:93%;line-height:normal;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none;list-style-position:outside;border:1px solid #AAA;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5ex 0 0.5ex 0.5ex;padding:0;background:#FFFFFF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .sisicon,.mw-parser-output .dabicon{padding-right:1ex}</style><ul class="plainSister"><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portals" title="Portal:Portals"><img alt="Related Portals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portals" title="Portal:Portals">related portals</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portal:The_Beacon_Biographies" title="Portal:The Beacon Biographies">The Beacon Biographies</a></li><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Authors" title="Wikisource:Authors"><img alt="Related Authors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/18px-System-users.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">sister projects</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19077595" class="extiw" title="d:Q19077595">Wikidata item</a></li></ul></div><div class="ws-noexport" id="ws-data" style="speak:none"><span id="ws-article-id">810842</span><span id="ws-title">John James Audubon</span><span id="ws-year">1902</span><span id="ws-author">John Burroughs</span></div></div> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="-" data-page-number="-" data-page-name="Page:John James Audubon (Burroughs).djvu/9" data-page-index="9" data-page-quality="4" title="Page:John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs).djvu/9"><span id="pageindex_9" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13089542">.mw-parser-output .wst-center{text-align:center;display:table;margin:0 auto 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wst-center.wst-center-nomargin>p{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="wst-center tiInherit wst-center-nomargin"> <p><span style="font-size: 120%;">THE BEACON BIOGRAPHIES</span> </p><p><span style="font-size: 83%;">EDITED BY</span> </p><p><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">M. A. DeWOLFE HOWE </span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14416321">.mw-parser-output .wst-rule{background-color:#202122;color:inherit;width:auto;margin:2px auto 2px auto;height:1px}.mw-parser-output .wst-rule.wst-rule-left{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .wst-rule.wst-rule-right{margin-right:0}.mw-parser-output .wst-rule.__uirule{background-color:#a2a9b1;color:inherit;border:0;margin-top:0.2em;margin-bottom:0.2em}</style><hr class="wst-rule wst-rule-center skin-invert" style="color:inherit;width:5em;" /> <p><span style="font-size: 120%;">JOHN JAMES AUDUBON</span> </p><p><span style="font-size: 83%;">BY</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Author:John_Burroughs" title="Author:John Burroughs">JOHN BURROUGHS</a> </p> </div>  </div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11285303">.mw-parser-output .wst-padded-pg-break{margin-top:1.6rem;margin-bottom:1.6rem}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14515475">.mw-parser-output .wst-pagebreak{clear:both;display:block;break-after:page;page-break-after:always;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wst-pagebreak>span>span{clear:both;display:block;font-size:83%;border-color:#999999}.mw-parser-output .wst-pagebreak-top>span>span{border-top-width:1px;border-top-style:dashed}.mw-parser-output .wst-pagebreak-bottom>span>span{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dashed}</style><span class="wst-pagebreak wst-pagebreak-bottom wst-padded-pg-break"><span class="noprint ws-noexport"><span> </span></span></span> </p> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="pic" data-page-number="pic" data-page-name="Page:John James Audubon (Burroughs).djvu/12" data-page-index="12" data-page-quality="4" title="Page:John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs).djvu/12"><span id="pageindex_12" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PSM_V31_D594_John_James_Audubon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PSM_V31_D594_John_James_Audubon.png/400px-PSM_V31_D594_John_James_Audubon.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="522" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PSM_V31_D594_John_James_Audubon.png/600px-PSM_V31_D594_John_James_Audubon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PSM_V31_D594_John_James_Audubon.png/800px-PSM_V31_D594_John_James_Audubon.png 2x" data-file-width="1985" data-file-height="2589" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>  </div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11285303"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14515475"><span class="wst-pagebreak wst-pagebreak-bottom wst-padded-pg-break"><span class="noprint ws-noexport"><span> </span></span></span> </p> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="i" data-page-number="i" data-page-name="Page:John James Audubon (Burroughs).djvu/13" data-page-index="13" data-page-quality="4" title="Page:John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs).djvu/13"><span id="pageindex_13" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_James_Audubon_by_Burroughs_D013.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_James_Audubon_by_Burroughs_D013.png/450px-John_James_Audubon_by_Burroughs_D013.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="758" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_James_Audubon_by_Burroughs_D013.png/675px-John_James_Audubon_by_Burroughs_D013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_James_Audubon_by_Burroughs_D013.png/900px-John_James_Audubon_by_Burroughs_D013.png 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>  </div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11285303"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14515475"><span class="wst-pagebreak wst-pagebreak-bottom wst-padded-pg-break"><span class="noprint ws-noexport"><span> </span></span></span> </p> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="iii" data-page-number="iii" data-page-name="Page:John James Audubon (Burroughs).djvu/15" data-page-index="15" data-page-quality="4" title="Page:John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs).djvu/15"><span id="pageindex_15" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13089542"><div class="wst-center tiInherit wst-center-nomargin"> <p><span style="font-size:182%;">JOHN JAMES AUDUBON</span> </p><p><br /> </p><p><span style="font-size: 83%;">BY</span> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> <span style="font-size:144%;">JOHN BURROUGHS</span> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> BOSTON </p><p><br /> SMALL, MAYNARD & COMPANY </p><p><br /> MDCCCCII </p> </div>  </div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11285303"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14515475"><span class="wst-pagebreak wst-pagebreak-bottom wst-padded-pg-break"><span class="noprint ws-noexport"><span> </span></span></span> </p> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="iv" data-page-number="iv" data-page-name="Page:John James Audubon (Burroughs).djvu/16" data-page-index="16" data-page-quality="4" title="Page:John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs).djvu/16"><span id="pageindex_16" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13089542"><div class="wst-center tiInherit wst-center-nomargin"> <p><i>Copyright, 1902</i> </p><p><i>By Small, Maynard & Company</i><br /> (<i><span style="font-size: 83%;">Incorporated</span></i>) </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14416321"><hr class="wst-rule wst-rule-center skin-invert" style="color:inherit;width:8em;" /> <p>Entered at Stationers' Hall </p> <div class="wst-dhr" style="visibility:hidden; line-height:4;"> </div> <p><i>Press of<br />Geo. H. Ellis Co., Boston</i> </p> </div> <div class="__nop wst-nop"></div> <p>  </p> </div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11285303"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14515475"><span class="wst-pagebreak wst-pagebreak-bottom wst-padded-pg-break"><span class="noprint ws-noexport"><span> </span></span></span> </p> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <p><span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="v" data-page-number="v" data-page-name="Page:John James Audubon (Burroughs).djvu/17" data-page-index="17" data-page-quality="4" title="Page:John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs).djvu/17"><span id="pageindex_17" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span><i>The photogravure used as a frontispiece to this volume is from an original painting by George P. A. Healy, London, 1838, now owned by the Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, to whom it was presented by the heirs of Josiah Bradlee. The present engraving is by John Andrew & Son, Boston</i>. </p> <div class="__nop wst-nop"></div> <p>  </p> </div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11285303"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14515475"><span class="wst-pagebreak wst-pagebreak-bottom wst-padded-pg-break"><span class="noprint ws-noexport"><span> </span></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14440655">.mw-parser-output .wst-auxtoc{max-width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:.5em;padding-right:0.5em;width:30em;border:1px solid #ACA;background-color:#E6F2E6;color:#202122;margin-bottom:4px}.mw-parser-output .wst-auxtoc>div:first-child{display:flex;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .wst-auxtoc>div:first-child>span:first-child{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wst-auxtoc>div:first-child>span:nth-child(2){flex:1 0;min-width:1em}.mw-parser-output .wst-auxtoc>div:first-child>span:nth-child(3){font-size:83%}.mw-parser-output .wst-auxtoc.wst-auxtoc-translation{background-color:#FFB;border-color:#FDD017}</style><div class="wst-auxtoc wst-aux-content ws-summary"><div><span class="wst-auxtoc-title">Contents</span><span></span><span class="wst-auxtoc-comment"> (not listed in original)</span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/Preface" title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/Preface">Preface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/Chronology" title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/Chronology">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/I." title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/I.">I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/II." title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/II.">II.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/III." title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/III.">III.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/IV." title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/IV.">IV.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/V." title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/V.">V.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon_(Burroughs)/Bibliography" title="John James Audubon (Burroughs)/Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14318802">.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer{box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.25em;clear:both;width:auto;page-break-before:always;break-before:page}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child{display:table;border:2px solid #88A;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0 0;empty-cells:hide;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto 0 auto;width:100%;background-color:#F7F8FF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row-group}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output 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