koulak - LAROUSSE

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dans le dictionnaire : <a href="/dictionnaires/francais/koulak/45671">koulak</a></aside> <p class="definition">Paysan enrichi de la Russie de la fin du <small>xix</small><sup>e</sup>聽s. et du d茅but du <small>xx</small><sup>e</sup>聽s. </p> <p class="blanc-avant">Au lendemain de la r茅forme de 1861, une minorit茅 de paysans rach猫te la terre des nobles ou des paysans ruin茅s et, se lan莽ant dans la production commerciale, s'enrichit. Malgr茅 la redistribution p茅riodique des terres par l'assembl茅e paysanne du <a href="/dictionnaires/francais/mir/51698">mir</a>, le koulak, ainsi d茅sign茅 par r茅f茅rence 脿 son poing (en russe <i>koulak</i>) ferm茅 sur l'argent gagn茅, s'enrichit aux d茅pens du paysan pauvre qui lui emprunte, parfois 脿 des taux usuraires, son argent, son grain ou son attelage. </p> <p class="alinea">L'in茅galit茅 entre paysans pauvres, moyens et riches, sensible au sein du mir 脿 la fin du <small>xix</small><sup>e</sup> si猫cle, se d茅veloppe 脿 la suite des r茅formes de <a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Petr_Arkadievitch_Stolypine/145284">Stolypine</a> (1906-1911). Menac茅s par le communisme de guerre, les koulaks sont tol茅r茅s par le gouvernement sovi茅tique 脿 l'茅poque de la NEP, <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/NEP/134964">Nouvelle 茅conomie politique</a> (1921-1928), car ils assurent une grande partie de la production commercialis茅e, indispensable au ravitaillement du pays. </p> <p class="alinea">D茅cr茅t茅e par Staline en 1930, la 芦聽liquidation des koulaks en tant que classe聽禄, est achev茅e en 1931聽: les koulaks, auxquels sont assimil茅s bien des paysans moyens, sont priv茅s de leurs biens, expuls茅s sans pouvoir adh茅rer aux <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/kolkhoz/64046">kolkhoz</a> ou d茅port茅s dans les camps du <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/Goulag/56036">Goulag</a>. </p> <p class="alinea"><b>Pour en savoir plus, voir les articles </b><a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Iossif_Vissarionovitch_Djougachvili_dit_Joseph_Staline/138847">Staline</a>, <a href="/encyclopedie/divers/stalinisme/93645">stalinisme</a>, <a href="/encyclopedie/autre-region/URSS/138908">URSS</a>.</p> </article> <div class="panel-pays"> </div> <div class="rwm-podcast-player" data-pid="1eca0639-3a13-635a-a5fc-c9380f86a94d"></div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pub-pave oasm"> </div> <div class="panel-da"> <div class="banner-title"> <hr class="line-left" /><span class="fontello"></span> <hr class="line-right" /> <p class="panel-title">Articles associ茅s</p> </div> <div class="zone-articles"> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/Gu%C3%A9p%C3%A9ou/122530"> <h2><B>Guépéou</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Administration politique d'État chargée de la sécurité de l'État soviétique.</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/kolkhoz/64046"> <h2><B>kolkhoz.</B></h2> <p>En U.R.S.S., exploitation agricole fond茅e sur la propri茅t茅 collective des...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/NEP/134964"> <h2><B>NEP</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Nouvelle politique 茅conomique instaur茅e en Russie sovi茅tique en 1921 et...</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/divers/r%C3%A9volution_russe_de_1905/140737"> <h2><B>r茅volution russe de 1905</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Ensemble des manifestations qui 茅branl猫rent la Russie en 1905.</p></a> </article> <article><a href="/encyclopedie/personnage/Iossif_Vissarionovitch_Djougachvili_dit_Joseph_Staline/138847"> <h2><B>Staline</B><B>.</B></h2> <p>Iossif Vissarionovitch Djougachvili, dit <B>Joseph</B> <B>Staline</B><B>.</B> Homme d'脡tat sovi茅tique...</p></a> </article> </div> </div> <div id="taboola-right-rail-encyclo-thumbnails" class="taboola"></div>  <div class="pub-pave oasm3"></div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="pub-bottom oasb"> </div>    <div class="footer"> <span class="footer-left"> <a href="/contenu/applications/applications_mobiles">Applications mobiles</a> <a href="/index">Index</a> <a href="/infos/credits">Mentions l茅gales et cr茅dits</a> <a href="/infos/cgu">CGU</a> <a href="/infos/cgv">CGV</a> <a href="/infos/confidentialite">Charte de confidentialit茅</a> <a class="optanon-show-settings">Cookies</a> <a href="/infos/contact">Contact</a> </span> <span class="footer-right"> <span>© Larousse</span> </span> </div>  </div> </body>      <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>     <script type="text/javascript" src="/library-web/slick/slick.min.js"></script>     <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-1"> //alert("CATEGORY-1: OK \nCookies strictement n茅cessaires"); 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