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class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sentences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Minangkabau language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Minangkabau" title="Bahsa Minangkabau – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau" title="Minangkabau – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88" title="لغة مينانغكاباو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة مينانغكاباو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_minangkabau" title="Idioma minangkabau – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minanqkabau_dili" title="Minanqkabau dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Minanqkabau dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Mainakebo" title="Basa Mainakebo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Mainakebo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মিনাংকাবাউ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিনাংকাবাউ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau-g%C3%AD" title="Minangkabau-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Minangkabau-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Мінангкабау (мова) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мінангкабау (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%9E_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Мінангкабаў (мова) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мінангкабаў (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Minangkabau" title="Tataramon na Minangkabau – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau_(llengua)" title="Minangkabau (llengua) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Minangkabau (llengua)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Minangkabau" title="Pinulongang Minangkabau – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabauische_Sprache" title="Minangkabauische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Minangkabauische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau_keel" title="Minangkabau keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Minangkabau keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Γλώσσα Μινανγκαμπάου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Μινανγκαμπάου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_minangkabau" title="Idioma minangkabau – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minankaba%C5%ADa_lingvo" title="Minankabaŭa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minankabaŭa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabauera" title="Minangkabauera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Minangkabauera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="زبان مینانگ‌کابائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مینانگ‌کابائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau_bhasa" title="Minangkabau bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Minangkabau bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau_(langue)" title="Minangkabau (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Minangkabau (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_minangkabau" title="Lingua minangkabau – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau-ng%C3%AE" title="Minangkabau-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Minangkabau-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%82%AD%EC%B9%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%9A%B0%EC%96%B4" title="미낭카바우어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미낭카바우어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Մինանգկաբաու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մինանգկաբաու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Minangkabau" title="Bahasa Minangkabau – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Minangkabau" title="Asụsụ Minangkabau – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Minangkabau" title="Pagsasao a Minangkabau – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Minangkabau" title="Bahasa Minangkabau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_minangkabau" title="Lingua minangkabau – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Minangk%C3%AAbo" title="Basa Minangkêbo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Minangkêbo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Минангкабау тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Минангкабау тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiminangkabau" title="Kiminangkabau – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiminangkabau" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Минангкабау (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Минангкабау (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabavu_valoda" title="Minangkabavu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Minangkabavu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau_kalba" title="Minangkabau kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Minangkabau kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_minangkabau" title="Lengua minangkabau – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Минангкабајски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минангкабајски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88" title="لغه مينانغكاباو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه مينانغكاباو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Minangkabau" title="Bahasa Minangkabau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯤꯅꯪꯀꯕꯥꯎ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯤꯅꯪꯀꯕꯥꯎ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Minangkabau" title="Bahaso Minangkabau – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Minangkabau-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Minangkabau-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabaus" title="Minangkabaus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Minangkabaus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="ミナンカバウ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミナンカバウ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82)" title="Минангкабау (мотт) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Минангкабау (мотт)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau" title="Minangkabau – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau_tili" title="Minangkabau tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Minangkabau tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਨੰਗਕਾਬਾਊ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਨੰਗਕਾਬਾਊ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Minangkabau" title="Lenga Minangkabau – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_minangkabau" title="Język minangkabau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_minangkabau" title="Língua minangkabau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Минангкабау (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Минангкабау (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱝᱠᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱝᱠᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Minangkabau" title="Basa Minangkabau – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabaun_kieli" title="Minangkabaun kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Minangkabaun kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau" title="Minangkabau – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="மினாங்கபாவு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மினாங்கபாவு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Минангкабау теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Минангкабау теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษามีนังกาเบา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษามีนังกาเบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau_dili" title="Minangkabau dili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Minangkabau dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Мінангкабау (мова) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мінангкабау (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مینگکاباو زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینگکاباو زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Minangkabau" title="Tiếng Minangkabau – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%97%E4%BD%B3%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="米南佳保语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="米南佳保语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%97%E4%BD%B3%E4%BF%9D%E6%96%87" title="米南佳保文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="米南佳保文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%97%E4%BD%B3%E4%BF%9D%E8%AA%9E" title="米南佳保語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米南佳保語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Minangkabau" title="Hata Minangkabau – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Minangkabo" title="Basa Minangkabo – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Minangkabo" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Minangkabau" title="Saro Minangkabau – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Minangkabau" title="Boros Minangkabau – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Minangkabau" title="Jaku Minangkabau – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Minangkabau" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Minangkabaw" title="Basa Minangkabaw – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Minangkabaw" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austronesian language, spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Minangkabau</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;"><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Baso Minangkabau</i></span><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بهاس منڠكربو</span>‎</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aneuk_Jamee_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aneuk Jamee people">Aneuk Jamee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5.5 million (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>disputed:<br /><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages" title="Greater North Borneo languages">Greater North Borneo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Minangkabau</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="#dialect">West Sumatran Minangkabau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamee_language" title="Jamee language">Jamee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pesisir_language" title="Pesisir language">Pesisir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukomuko_language" title="Mukomuko language">Mukomuko</a>, Rokan, Kampar, Kuantan</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <br />Minangkabau script</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=294">min</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/min" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:min">min</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mina1268">mina1268</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Minangkabau_language.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Minangkabau_language.jpg/320px-Minangkabau_language.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Minangkabau_language.jpg/480px-Minangkabau_language.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Minangkabau_language.jpg/640px-Minangkabau_language.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1310" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FE0000; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Areas where Minangkabau is significantly spoken</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Minangkabau</b> (Minangkabau: <span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Baso Minangkabau</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi script</a>: <span title="Minangkabau-language text"><span lang="min"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بهاس منڠكربو</span>‎</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Bahasa Minangkabau</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian language</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>, the western part of <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Aceh_Regency" title="South Aceh Regency">South Aceh Regency</a>, the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a>, also in several cities throughout <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> by migrated Minangkabau.<sup id="cite_ref-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language is also a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> along the western coastal region of the province of <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, and is even used in parts of <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>, where the language is called <i>Aneuk Jamee</i>. </p><p>Minangkabau is similar to <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>. The relationship between the languages is characterized in different ways. Some see Minangkabau as an early variety of Malay, while others think of Minangkabau as a distinct (<a href="/wiki/Malayic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayic language">Malayic</a>) language.<sup id="cite_ref-Archipel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archipel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minangkabau is one of a few languages that generally lacks <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation" title="Grammatical conjugation">verb forms</a> and grammatical subject-object distinctions.<sup id="cite_ref-Voice_and_verb_morphology_in_Minangkabau,_a_language_of_West_Sumatra,_Indonesia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voice_and_verb_morphology_in_Minangkabau,_a_language_of_West_Sumatra,_Indonesia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Minangkabau is still commonly spoken amongst the Minangkabau people, education specific to the culture in urbanizing locations is slowly being erased as it is deemed less and less important in West Sumatra. The Minangkabau language is deemed as "informal" in the urban regions of <a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian language</a> being preferred instead in formal institutions. Youth in the city will frequently use a mixture of conversational Minang and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_slang" title="Indonesian slang">Indonesian slang</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg/200px-Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg/300px-Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg/400px-Minangkabau_royal_seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Minangkabau language in Arabic script on Minangkabau royal seal from the 19th century</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minangkabau is the native language of the <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau people</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are approximately 5.5 million speakers of the language. It is also spoken in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Aceh_Regency" title="South Aceh Regency">South Aceh Regency</a>, the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the western coastal region of <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, the language is also a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>. The language is used and called <i>Aneuk Jamee</i> in parts of <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>. </p><p>Besides Indonesia, Minangkabau is also spoken in Malaysia, by some descendants of migrants from the Minang-speaking region in Sumatra (<i>Ranah Minang</i>, <i>Tanah Minang</i>, or Land of the Minang). Significant numbers of the early migrants settled in what is now the Malaysian state of <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>; this <i><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_Malay" title="Negeri Sembilan Malay">Negeri Sembilan Malay</a></i>, known as <i>Bahaso Nogori / Baso Nogoghi</i>, is now a distinct language, more closely related to Malay than to Minangkabau. More recent immigrants are known as <i>Minang</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Minangkabau language has several dialects, sometimes differing between nearby villages (e.g. separated by a river). The dialects are Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, and Karanganyar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In everyday communication between Minangkabau people of different regions, the Agam-Tanah Datar dialect (<i>Baso Padang</i> or <i>Baso Urang Awak</i> 'our [people's] language') is often used and has become a kind of standard. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapan language (page does not exist)">Tapan language</a>, spoken in the town of Tapan in southern <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a> province, is a recently discovered <a href="/wiki/Malayan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan languages">Malayan language</a> which has been proposed as related to but not part of Minangkabau. Together, Tapan and Minangkabau would form a Greater Minangkabau subgroup.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurniati_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurniati-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two languages <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapan language (page does not exist)">Tapan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muko-Muko_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Muko-Muko language">Muko-Muko</a> form a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunangic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunangic languages (page does not exist)">Lunangic</a></i> subgroup within the <i>Minangic</i> (Greater Minangkabau) language group.<sup id="cite_ref-Kurniati_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurniati-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gil2015_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gil2015-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Minangic subgroup is characterized by the following word-final sound changes.<sup id="cite_ref-Gil2015_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gil2015-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>*V[hi]ŋ > V[hi]ăŋ</li> <li>*us > uĭh</li> <li>*at > eʔ</li> <li>*as > eh</li> <li>*is > ih</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sound inventory of Minangkabau is listed below:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ny⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨p⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨k⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨k⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ʼ⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨h⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowel</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Monophthongs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Diphthongs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iə̯⁓ie̯</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ia⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uə̯⁓uo̯</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ua⟩</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ui̯</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ui⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eə̯</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ea⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oə̯</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨oa⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai̯</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ai⟩</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">au̯</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨au⟩</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example">Example</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentences">Sentences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sentences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th>English </th> <th>Minangkabau </th> <th>Indonesian </th></tr> <tr> <td>How are you now? </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Baʼa kaba sanak kini?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Bagaimana kabar anda sekarang?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I'm well. How about you? </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Lai elok-elok se nyo. Sanak baʼa?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Saya baik-baik saja. Anda bagaimana?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>What is your name? </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Sia namo sanak?</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Siapa nama kamu?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>My name is ... </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Namo ambo ...</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Nama saya ...</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thank you. </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Tarimo kasih.</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Terima kasih.</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The trees in the jungle don't have the same height, moreover the people. (Proverb) </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Sadang kayu di rimbo 'ndak samo tinggi, apo lai manusia.</i></span> (Pribaso) </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Sedangkan pohon di hutan tidak sama tinggi, apalagi manusia.</i></span> (Peribahasa) </td></tr> <tr> <td>"As the frog swims, so he/she swims too." (He/she is doing something without having a goal.) </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">"Co a koncek baranang co itu inyo" baʼarti mangarajokan suatu tapi indak punyo tujuan.</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">"Bagaimana katak berenang seperti itulah dia" berarti mengerjakan sesuatu tanpa punya tujuan.</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don't throw the rubbish here! (Command) </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Indak buliah mambuang sarok di siko!</i></span> (Parintah) </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Dilarang membuang sampah di sini!</i></span> (Perintah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Do not touch! You will burn your hand. </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">Ijan dipacik! Beko tangan angku tabaka.</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Jangan disentuh! Nanti tanganmu terbakar.</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th>Number </th> <th>Minangkabau </th> <th>Indonesian </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">cieʼ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">satu</i></span> </td> <td>one </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">duo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dua</i></span> </td> <td>two </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">tigo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">tiga</i></span> </td> <td>three </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">ampeʼ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">empat</i></span> </td> <td>four </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">limo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lima</i></span> </td> <td>five </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">anam</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">enam</i></span> </td> <td>six </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">tujuah</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">tujuh</i></span> </td> <td>seven </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">lapan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">(de)lapan</i></span> </td> <td>eight </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">sambilan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">sembilan</i></span> </td> <td>nine </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">sapuluah</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">sepuluh</i></span> </td> <td>ten </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">sabaleh</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">sebelas</i></span> </td> <td>eleven </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">limo baleh</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lima belas</i></span> </td> <td>fifteen </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">limo puluah</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lima puluh</i></span> </td> <td>fifty </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">saratuih</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">seratus</i></span> </td> <td>one hundred/a hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>150 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">saratuih limo puluah</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">seratus lima puluh</i></span> </td> <td>one hundred and fifty </td></tr> <tr> <td>500 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">limo ratuih</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lima ratus</i></span> </td> <td>five hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>#,000 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">ribu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">ribu</i></span> </td> <td>thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>#,000,000 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">juta</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">juta</i></span> </td> <td>million </td></tr> <tr> <td>#,000,000,000 </td> <td><span title="Minangkabau-language text"><i lang="min">milliar</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">milliar</i></span> </td> <td>billion </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Languages">Languages portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Minangkabau" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Minangkabau">Overseas Minangkabau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/min/">Minangkabau</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kajian_Serba_Linguistik_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk <a href="/wiki/Anton_Moeliono" title="Anton Moeliono">Anton Moeliono</a> Pereksa Bahasa (2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archipel-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archipel_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhaidir_Anwar1976" class="citation cs2">Khaidir Anwar (1976), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1976_num_12_1_1296">"Minangkabau, Background of the main pioneers of modern standard Malay in Indonesia"</a>, <i>Archipel</i>, <b>12</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">77–</span>93, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Farch.1976.1296">10.3406/arch.1976.1296</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archipel&rft.atitle=Minangkabau%2C+Background+of+the+main+pioneers+of+modern+standard+Malay+in+Indonesia&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Farch.1976.1296&rft.au=Khaidir+Anwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Farch_0044-8613_1976_num_12_1_1296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinangkabau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voice_and_verb_morphology_in_Minangkabau,_a_language_of_West_Sumatra,_Indonesia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voice_and_verb_morphology_in_Minangkabau,_a_language_of_West_Sumatra,_Indonesia_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSophie_Elizabeth_Crouch2009" class="citation cs2">Sophie Elizabeth Crouch (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_886558_2/component/file_886556/content"><i>Voice and verb morphology in Minangkabau, a language of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Master's thesis</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voice+and+verb+morphology+in+Minangkabau%2C+a+language+of+West+Sumatra%2C+Indonesia.+Master%27s+thesis&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Sophie+Elizabeth+Crouch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.mpg.de%2Frest%2Fitems%2Fitem_886558_2%2Fcomponent%2Ffile_886556%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinangkabau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadra, Reniwati, and Efri Yades, Daerah Asal dan Arah Migrasi Orang Minangkabau di Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Kajian Variasi Dialektikal (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kurniati-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kurniati_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kurniati_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kurniati, S., Putri, Y. P., Wichmann, S., & Gil, D. (2011). Tapan: An Exploration in Malayic Subgrouping. Paper presented at the <i>15th International Symposium on Malay Indonesian Linguistics (ISMIL 15)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gil2015-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gil2015_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gil2015_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gil, D. & McKinnon, T. (2015). Excrescent Nasals in Malayic Dialects of Western Sumatra. Paper presented at the <i>13th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (13-ICAL)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelaar1992" class="citation book cs1">Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992). <i>Proto-Malayic: The Reconstruction of its Phonology and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology</i>. Pacific Linguistics, Series C, no. 119. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proto-Malayic%3A+The+Reconstruction+of+its+Phonology+and+Parts+of+its+Lexicon+and+Morphology&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Pacific+Linguistics%2C+Series+C%2C+no.+119&rft.pub=Dept.+of+Linguistics%2C+Research+School+of+Pacific+Studies%2C+the+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Adelaar&rft.aufirst=K.+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinangkabau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?printsec=frontcover&vid=ISBN9796666359&vid=LCCN2002351105#v=onepage&q&f=false">Nurlela Adnan, Ermitati, Rosnida M. Nur, Pusat Bahasa (Indonesia), Balai Pustaka (Persero), PT. 2001 – <i>Indonesian-Minangkabau dictionary</i> (<i>Kamus bahasa Indonesia-Minangkabau</i>), 841 pages.</a></li> <li>Marjusman Maksan, Yulina Kasim, Tamsin Medan, Syamsir Arifin, Basri, A. Razak Sikumbang, 1984, <i>Geografi Dialek Bahasa Minangbakau</i>, Jakarta, Pusat Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 1984.</li> <li><i>Tata Bahasa Minangkabau</i>, Gerard Moussay (original title <i>La Langue Minangkabau</i>, translated from French by Rahayu S. Hidayat), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-9023-16-5" title="Special:BookSources/979-9023-16-5">979-9023-16-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="min:"> Minangkabau edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minangkabau" title="Template:Minangkabau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minangkabau" title="Template talk:Minangkabau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minangkabau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minangkabau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minangkabau281" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Highlands" title="Minangkabau Highlands">Minangkabau homelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasraya" title="Dharmasraya">Dharmasraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Minangkabau" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Minangkabau">Minangkabau diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Malaysians" title="Minangkabau Malaysians">Minangkabau Malaysians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">The formation of Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_War" title="Padri War">Padri War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia">The role of Minangkabau in PRRI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_culture" title="Minangkabau culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_(legend)" title="Minangkabau (legend)">etymology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malin_Kundang" title="Malin Kundang">Malin Kundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabai_Nan_Aluih" title="Sabai Nan Aluih">Sabai Nan Aluih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_marriage" title="Minangkabau marriage">Minangkabau marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Minangkabau cuisine">Minangkabau cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makan_bajamba" title="Makan bajamba">Makan bajamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_music" title="Minangkabau music">Minangkabau music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab">Rabab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluang" title="Saluang">Saluang/Minangkabau Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talempong" title="Talempong">Talempong/Caklempong</a></li></ul></li> <li>Minangkabau dance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candle_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Candle dance">Lilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piring_dance" title="Piring dance">Piring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indang_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indang (dance)">Indang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasambahan_dance" title="Pasambahan dance">Pasambahan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_businesspeople" title="Minangkabau businesspeople">Minangkabau merchants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randai" title="Randai">Randai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silat" title="Silat">Silek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">Surau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuik" title="Tabuik">Tabuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket_Minangkabau" class="mw-redirect" title="Songket Minangkabau">Songket Minangkabau</a></li> <li>Minangkabau architecture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_gadang" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah gadang">Rumah gadang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkiang" title="Rangkiang">Rangkiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balairung" title="Balairung">Balairung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantun" title="Pantun">Pantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagari_(settlement)" title="Nagari (settlement)">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubalang" title="Dubalang">Dubalang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minangkabau</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jamee_language" title="Jamee language">Jamee </a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampar language (page does not exist)">Kampar</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuantan_language_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuantan language (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Kuantan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mukomuko_language" title="Mukomuko language">Mukomuko</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pesisir_language" title="Pesisir language">Pesisir</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_West_Sumatra" title="Islam in West Sumatra">Islam in West Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Minangkabau_clans" title="List of Minangkabau clans">Tribes and clans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_clans" title="Minangkabau clans">Minangkabau clans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adat_perpatih" title="Adat perpatih">Bodi-Chaniago system</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adat_katumanggungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adat katumanggungan (page does not exist)">Koto-Piliang system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawa (tribe)">Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakai_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakai (Indonesia)">Sakai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Culture_Documentation_and_Information_Center" title="Minangkabau Culture Documentation and Information Center">Minangkabau Culture Documentation and Information Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adityawarman_Museum" title="Adityawarman Museum">Adityawarman Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkes_Gumarang" title="Orkes Gumarang">Orkes Gumarang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Indonesia198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Malayo-Polynesian_languages198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Western Malayo-Polynesian languages">Western Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></span></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_slang" title="Indonesian slang">Slang</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakongan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakongan language (page does not exist)">Bakongan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Anambas–Natuna Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacan_Malay" title="Bacan Malay">Bacan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bali_Aga_Balinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bali Aga Balinese (page does not exist)">Bali Aga</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Penida_Balinese" title="Nusa Penida Balinese">Nusa Penida</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Malay" title="Bangka Malay">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarese_language" title="Banjarese language">Banjarese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banjar_Hulu_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banjar Hulu language (page does not exist)">Hulu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banjar_Kuala_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banjar Kuala language (page does not exist)">Kuala</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banjar_Samarinda_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banjar Samarinda language (page does not exist)">Samarinda</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belitung_Malay" title="Belitung Malay">Belitung Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengkayang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengkayang Malay (page does not exist)">Bengkayang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay" title="Berau Malay">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Besemah_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besemah language (page does not exist)">Besemah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonai_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonai language (page does not exist)">Bonai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukit_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukit language (page does not exist)">Bukit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col/Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Sumatra_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Sumatra Malay (page does not exist)">Eastern Sumatra Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asahan_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asahan Malay (page does not exist)">Asahan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batubara_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batubara Malay (page does not exist)">Batubara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilah_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilah Malay (page does not exist)">Bilah</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deli_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deli Malay (page does not exist)">Deli</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Medan_Malay" title="Medan Malay">Medan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota_Pinang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota Pinang Malay (page does not exist)">Kota Pinang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kualuh_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kualuh Malay (page does not exist)">Kualuh</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langkat_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langkat Malay (page does not exist)">Langkat</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panai_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panai Malay (page does not exist)">Panai</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Serdang_Malay" title="Serdang Malay">Serdang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tamiang_Malay" title="Tamiang Malay">Tamiang</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enim_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Enim language">Enim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuala_Tungkal_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuala Tungkal Malay (page does not exist)">Kuala Tungkal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Jaring Halus Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapuas_Hulu_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapuas Hulu Malay (page does not exist)">Kapuas Hulu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketapang_Malay" title="Ketapang Malay">Ketapang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotawaringin_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotawaringin Malay (page does not exist)">Kotawaringin Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutainese_language" title="Kutainese language">Kutainese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota_Bangun_Kutainese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota Bangun Kutainese (page does not exist)">Kota Bangun</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenggarong_Kutainese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenggarong Kutainese (page does not exist)">Tenggarong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landak_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landak Malay (page does not exist)">Landak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Loncong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bawean_language" title="Bawean language">Bawean</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapudi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapudi language (page does not exist)">Sapudi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minangkabau</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jamee_language" title="Jamee language">Jamee </a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampar language (page does not exist)">Kampar</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuantan_language_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuantan language (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Kuantan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mukomuko_language" title="Mukomuko language">Mukomuko</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pesisir_language" title="Pesisir language">Pesisir</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapan language (page does not exist)">Tapan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melawi_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melawi Malay (page does not exist)">Melawi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mempawah_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mempawah Malay (page does not exist)">Mempawah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lematang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lematang language">Lematang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Palembang_language" title="Palembang language">Palembang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Penesak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Penesak language">Penesak</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penukal_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penukal language (page does not exist)">Penukal</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rawas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawas language">Rawas</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogan language">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palu_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palu Malay (page does not exist)">Palu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Malay" title="Pontianak Malay">Pontianak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riau Malay (page does not exist)">Riau Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangaraian_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangaraian Malay (page does not exist)">Pangaraian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riau_Coastal_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riau Coastal Malay (page does not exist)">Riau Coastal</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riau_Islands_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riau Islands Malay (page does not exist)">Riau Islands</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rokan_Hilir_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rokan Hilir Malay (page does not exist)">Rokan Hilir</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siak_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siak Malay (page does not exist)">Siak</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembilahan_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembilahan Malay (page does not exist)">Tembilahan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakai_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakai language (page does not exist)">Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambas_Malay" title="Sambas Malay">Sambas Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanggau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanggau Malay (page does not exist)">Sanggau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekadau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekadau Malay (page does not exist)">Sekadau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semende_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semende language (page does not exist)">Semende</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintang_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintang Malay (page does not exist)">Sintang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Banten_Sundanese" title="Banten Sundanese">Bantenese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Brebes_Sundanese" title="Brebes Sundanese">Brebes</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Priangan_Sundanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Priangan Sundanese">Priangan</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanesic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Javanese <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan Javanese (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cirebonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirebonese language">Cirebonese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indramayu_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indramayu Javanese (page does not exist)">Indramayu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Osing_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Osing dialect">Osing</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serang_Javanese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serang Javanese (page does not exist)">Serang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_dialect" title="Tenggerese dialect">Tenggerese</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bada_language" title="Bada language">Bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behoa_language" title="Behoa language">Behoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ledo_Kaili_language" title="Ledo Kaili language">Ledo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindu_language" title="Lindu language">Lindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napu_language" title="Napu language">Napu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendau_language" title="Pendau language">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayuagung_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayuagung language (page does not exist)">Kayuagung</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampung</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepadun_Lampung_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pepadun Lampung language (page does not exist)">Pepadun</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pesisir_Lampung_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pesisir Lampung language (page does not exist)">Pesisir</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Angkola</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Dairi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Karo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Simalungun</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Toba</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_language" title="Nasal language">Nasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barito_languages" title="Barito languages">Barito</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampanang_language" title="Ampanang language">Ampanang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakumpai_language" title="Bakumpai language">Bakumpai</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berangas_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berangas language (page does not exist)">Berangas</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau language">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyah_language" title="Deyah language">Deyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohin_language" title="Kohin language">Kohin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawangan_language" title="Lawangan language">Lawangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'anyan language">Ma'anyan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Balangan_language" title="Dusun Balangan language">Dusun Balangan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Malang_language" title="Dusun Malang language">Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaju_language" title="Ngaju language">Ngaju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ot_Danum_language" title="Ot Danum language">Ot Danum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siang_language" title="Siang language">Ot Siang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunjung_language" title="Tunjung language">Tunjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_Witu_language" title="Dusun Witu language">Witu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paku_language_(Indonesia)" title="Paku language (Indonesia)">Pakau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayan%E2%80%93Murik_languages" title="Kayan–Murik languages">Kayan–Murik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoheng_language" title="Aoheng language">Aoheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aput_language" title="Aput language">Aput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahau_language" title="Bahau language">Bahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovongan_language" title="Hovongan language">Hovongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_language_(Borneo)" title="Kayan language (Borneo)">Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krio_Dayak_language" title="Krio Dayak language">Krio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modang_language" title="Modang language">Modang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Merah_language" title="Punan Merah language">Punan Merah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segai_language" title="Segai language">Segai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakati%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakati’ language">Bakati’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biatah_language" title="Biatah language">Biatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukar_Sadong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukar Sadong language">Bukar Sadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangkang_language" title="Jangkang language">Jangkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kembayan_language" title="Kembayan language">Kembayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara%CA%BC_language" title="Laraʼ language">Laraʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyadu%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyadu’ language">Nyadu’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejangese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejangese language">Rejangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribun_language" title="Ribun language">Ribun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanggau_language" title="Sanggau language">Sanggau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Bakati%27_language" title="Sara Bakati' language">Sara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semandang_language" title="Semandang language">Semandang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beginci_language" title="Beginci language">Beginci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerai_language" title="Gerai language">Gerai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tringgus_language" title="Tringgus language">Tringgus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages#North_Bornean" title="Greater North Borneo languages">North Bornean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah-Biau_Punan_language" title="Bah-Biau Punan language">Bah-Biau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basap_language" title="Basap language">Basap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukat_language" title="Bukat language">Bukat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukitan_language" title="Bukitan language">Bukitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelabit_language" title="Kelabit language">Kelabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyah_languages" title="Kenyah languages">Kenyah</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Kenyah_language" title="Mainstream Kenyah language">Mainstream</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengilu_language" title="Lengilu language">Lengilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang_language" title="Lun Bawang language">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murutic_languages" title="Murutic languages">Murut</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Okolod_language" title="Okolod language">Okolod</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Selungai_Murut_language" title="Selungai Murut language">Selungai</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sembakung_language" title="Sembakung language">Sembakung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tagol_language" title="Tagol language">Tagol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Merap_language" title="Punan Merap language">Punan Merap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Tubu_language" title="Punan Tubu language">Punan Tubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ban_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'ban language">Sa'ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajau_Basap_language" title="Sajau Basap language">Sajau</a></li> <li>Tidung <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Burusu_language" title="Burusu language">Burusu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kalabakan_language" title="Kalabakan language">Kalabakan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nonukan_Tidong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonukan Tidong language">Nonukan</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_languages" title="Central Philippine languages">Central Philippine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Tausug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo%E2%80%93Mongondow_languages" title="Gorontalo–Mongondow languages">Gorontalo-Mongondow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintauna_language" title="Bintauna language">Bintauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolango_language" title="Bolango language">Bolango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buol_language" title="Buol language">Buol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_language" title="Gorontalo language">Gorontaloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidipang_language" title="Kaidipang language">Kaidipang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolak_language" title="Lolak language">Lolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongondow_language" title="Mongondow language">Mongondow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponosakan_language" title="Ponosakan language">Ponosakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwawa_language" title="Suwawa language">Suwawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_languages" title="Minahasan languages">Minahasan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tombulu_language" title="Tombulu language">Tombulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondano_language" title="Tondano language">Tondano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsawang_language" title="Tonsawang language">Tonsawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsea_language" title="Tonsea language">Tonsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tontemboan_language" title="Tontemboan language">Tontemboan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangiric_languages" title="Sangiric languages">Sangiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantik_language" title="Bantik language">Bantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratahan_language" title="Ratahan language">Ratahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangir_language" title="Sangir language">Sangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaud_language" title="Talaud language">Talaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Central–Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aru_languages" title="Aru languages">Aru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barakai_language" title="Barakai language">Barakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batuley_language" title="Batuley language">Batuley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobel_language" title="Dobel language">Dobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karey_language" title="Karey language">Karey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koba_language" title="Koba language">Koba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_language" title="Kola language">Kola-Kompane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_language" title="Lola language">Lola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorang_language" title="Lorang language">Lorang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manombai_language" title="Manombai language">Manombai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariri_language" title="Mariri language">Mariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarangan_language" title="Tarangan language">Tarangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujir_language" title="Ujir language">Ujir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Maluku_languages" title="Central Maluku languages">Central Maluku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alune_language" title="Alune language">Alune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amahai_language" title="Amahai language">Amahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambelau_language" title="Ambelau language">Ambelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asilulu_language" title="Asilulu language">Asilulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_language_(Maluku)" title="Banda language (Maluku)">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bati_language_(Indonesia)" title="Bati language (Indonesia)">Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benggoi_language" title="Benggoi language">Benggoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Maluku)" title="Boano language (Maluku)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobot_language" title="Bobot language">Bobot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buru_language" title="Buru language">Buru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geser_language" title="Geser language">Geser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruku_language" title="Haruku language">Haruku</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hulaliu_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hulaliu language (page does not exist)">Hulaliu</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kailolo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kailolo language (page does not exist)">Kailolo</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelauw_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelauw language (page does not exist)">Pelauw</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohomoni-Kabauw_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohomoni-Kabauw language (page does not exist)">Rohomoni-Kabauw</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitu_language" title="Hitu language">Hitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoti_language" title="Hoti language">Hoti</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaulu_language" title="Huaulu language">Huaulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukumina_language" title="Hukumina language">Hukumina</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulung_language" title="Hulung language">Hulung</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaibobo_language" title="Kaibobo language">Kaibobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarian_language" title="Kamarian language">Kamarian</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayeli_language" title="Kayeli language">Kayeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowiai_language" title="Kowiai language">Kowiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha_language_(Indonesia)" title="Laha language (Indonesia)">Laha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakasihu_language" title="Wakasihu language">Larike-Wakasihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latu_language" title="Latu language">Latu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liana-Seti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Liana-Seti language">Liana-Seti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisabata-Nuniali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisabata-Nuniali language">Lisabata-Nuniali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisela_language" title="Lisela language">Lisela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loun_language" title="Loun language">Loun</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhu_language" title="Luhu language">Luhu</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangole_language" title="Mangole language">Mangole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipa_language" title="Manipa language">Manipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manusela_language" title="Manusela language">Manusela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masiwang_language" title="Masiwang language">Masiwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naka%27ela_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naka'ela language">Naka'ela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaulu_language" title="Nuaulu language">Nuaulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Laut_language" title="Nusa Laut language">Nusa Laut</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulohi_language" title="Paulohi language">Paulohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salas_language" title="Salas language">Salas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleman_language" title="Saleman language">Saleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saparua_language" title="Saparua language">Saparua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seit-Kaitetu_language" title="Seit-Kaitetu language">Seit-Kaitetu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepa-Teluti_language" title="Sepa-Teluti language">Sepa-Teluti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sula_language" title="Sula language">Sula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliabo_language" title="Taliabo language">Taliabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor-Kur_language" title="Teor-Kur language">Teor-Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulehu_language" title="Tulehu language">Tulehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watubela_language" title="Watubela language">Watubela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemale_language" title="Wemale language">Wemale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalahatan_language" title="Yalahatan language">Yalahatan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flores%E2%80%93Lembata_languages" title="Flores–Lembata languages">Flores–Lembata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alorese_language" title="Alorese language">Alorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedang_language" title="Kedang language">Kedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamaholot_language" title="Lamaholot language">Lamaholot</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Adonara_language" title="Adonara language">Adonara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ile_Ape_language" title="Ile Ape language">Ile Ape</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lamalera_language" title="Lamalera language">Lamalera</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lamatuka_language" title="Lamatuka language">Lamatuka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Levuka_language" title="Levuka language">Levuka</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lewo_Eleng_language" title="Lewo Eleng language">Lewo Eleng</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <a href="/wiki/Lewotobi_language" title="Lewotobi language">Lewotobi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_Lembata_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lembata language">South Lembata</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/West_Lembata_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Lembata language">West Lembata</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sika language">Sika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">Halmahera-<br />Cenderawasih</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambai_language" title="Ambai language">Ambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambel_language" title="Ambel language">Ambel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansus_language" title="Ansus language">Ansus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arguni_language" title="Arguni language">Arguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_language" title="As language">As</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedoanas_language" title="Bedoanas language">Bedoanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biak_language" title="Biak language">Biak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_language" title="Biga language">Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buli_language_(Indonesia)" title="Buli language (Indonesia)">Buli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busami_language" title="Busami language">Busami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusner_language" title="Dusner language">Dusner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erokwanas_language" title="Erokwanas language">Erokwanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gane_language" title="Gane language">Gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Irarutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iresim_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iresim language">Iresim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuri_language_(Austronesian)" title="Kuri language (Austronesian)">Kuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurudu_language" title="Kurudu language">Kurudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language_(Indonesia)" title="Maba language (Indonesia)">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maden_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maden language">Maden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbat_language" title="Matbat language">Matbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'ya language">Ma'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munggui_language" title="Munggui language">Munggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau_language" title="Marau language">Marau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meoswar_language" title="Meoswar language">Meoswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Austronesian)" title="Mor language (Austronesian)">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuma_language" title="Papuma language">Papuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_language" title="Patani language">Patani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_language" title="Pom language">Pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roon_language" title="Roon language">Roon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawai_language" title="Sawai language">Sawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serui-Laut_language" title="Serui-Laut language">Serui-Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_language" title="Taba language">Taba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandia_language" title="Tandia language">Tandia</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabo_language" title="Wabo language">Wabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamesa_language" title="Wamesa language">Wamesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandamen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandamen language">Wandamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waropen_language" title="Waropen language">Waropen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woi_language" title="Woi language">Woi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaur_language" title="Yaur language">Yaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeretuar_language" title="Yeretuar language">Yeretuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeresiam_language" title="Yeresiam language">Yeresiam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kei-Tanimbar_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kei-Tanimbar languages">Kei-Tanimbar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fordata_language" title="Fordata language">Fordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_language" title="Kei language">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onin_language" title="Onin language">Onin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekar_language" title="Sekar language">Sekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruangnirin_language" title="Uruangnirin language">Uruangnirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamdena_language" title="Yamdena language">Yamdena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mapia_language" title="Mapia language">Mapia</a> †</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Selaru_languages" title="Selaru languages">Selaru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selaru_language" title="Selaru language">Selaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seluwasan_language" title="Seluwasan language">Seluwasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sumba%E2%80%93Flores_languages" title="Sumba–Flores languages">Sumba–Flores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakalangu_language" title="Anakalangu language">Anakalangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baliledo_language" title="Baliledo language">Baliledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhao_language" title="Dhao language">Dhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaura_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaura language">Gaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawu_language" title="Hawu language">Hawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambera_language" title="Kambera language">Kambera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9o_language" title="Kéo language">Kéo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_language" title="Kodi language">Kodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komodo_language" title="Komodo language">Komodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamboya_language" title="Lamboya language">Lamboya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lio_language" title="Lio language">Lio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamboru_language" title="Mamboru language">Mamboru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manggarai_language" title="Manggarai language">Manggarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nage_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nage language">Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadha_language" title="Ngadha language">Ngadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palu%27e_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Palu'e language">Palu'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondok_language" title="Pondok language">Pondok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajong_language" title="Rajong language">Rajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembong_language" title="Rembong language">Rembong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riung_language" title="Riung language">Riung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongga_language" title="Rongga language">Rongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="So'a language">So'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepo%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepo' language">Kepo'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wae_Rana_language" title="Wae Rana language">Wae Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanukaka_language" title="Wanukaka language">Wanukaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wejewa_language" title="Wejewa language">Wejewa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Babar_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Timor–Babar languages">Timor–Babar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarasi_language" title="Amarasi language">Amarasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekais_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekais language">Bekais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilba_language" title="Bilba language">Bilba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dai language (Austronesian)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawera-Daweloor_language" title="Dawera-Daweloor language">Dawera-Daweloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dela-Oenale_language" title="Dela-Oenale language">Dela-Oenale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengka_language" title="Dengka language">Dengka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Damar_language" title="East Damar language">East Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emplawas_language" title="Emplawas language">Emplawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galoli_language" title="Galoli language">Galoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong_language" title="Helong language">Helong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imroing_language" title="Imroing language">Imroing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemak_language" title="Kemak language">Kemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisar_language" title="Kisar language">Kisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_language" title="Leti language">Leti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lole_language" title="Lole language">Lole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luang_language" title="Luang language">Luang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masela_language" title="Masela language">Masela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nila_language" title="Nila language">Nila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Babar_language" title="North Babar language">North Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringgou_language" title="Ringgou language">Ringgou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romang_language" title="Romang language">Romang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serili_language" title="Serili language">Serili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serua_language" title="Serua language">Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Babar_language" title="Southeast Babar language">Southeast Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tela%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tela'a language">Tela'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termanu_language" title="Termanu language">Termanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetum_language" title="Tetum language">Tetum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%27un_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Te'un language">Te'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tii_language" title="Tii language">Tii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uab_Meto_language" title="Uab Meto language">Uab Meto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Damar_language" title="West Damar language">West Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welaun_language" title="Welaun language">Welaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetarese_language" title="Wetarese language">Wetar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Oceanic_languages" title="Western Oceanic languages">Western Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anus_language" title="Anus language">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonggo_language" title="Bonggo language">Bonggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayupulau_language" title="Kayupulau language">Kayupulau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liki_language" title="Liki language">Liki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masimasi_language" title="Masimasi language">Masimasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormu_language" title="Ormu language">Ormu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podena_language" title="Podena language">Podena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Kaptiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobei_language" title="Sobei language">Sobei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpia_language" title="Tarpia language">Tarpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobati_language" title="Tobati language">Tobati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakde_language" title="Wakde language">Wakde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamna_language" title="Yamna language">Yamna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Papuan_languages198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Halmahera_languages" title="North Halmahera languages">North Halmahera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galela_language" title="Galela language">Galela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamkonora_language" title="Gamkonora language">Gamkonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kao_language" title="Kao language">Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loloda_language" title="Loloda language">Loloda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modole_language" title="Modole language">Modole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagu_language" title="Pagu language">Pagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahu_language" title="Sahu language">Sahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabaru_language" title="Tabaru language">Tabaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternate_language" title="Ternate language">Ternate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore_language" title="Tidore language">Tidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobelo_language" title="Tobelo language">Tobelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togutil_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Togutil language">Togutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waioli_language" title="Waioli language">Waioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Makian_language" title="West Makian language">West Makian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Alor%E2%80%93Pantar_languages" title="Timor–Alor–Pantar languages">Timor–Alor–Pantar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abui_language" title="Abui language">Abui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adang_language" title="Adang language">Adang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagar_language" title="Blagar language">Blagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunak_language" title="Bunak language">Bunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaera_language" title="Kaera language">Kaera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafoa_language" title="Kafoa language">Kafoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamang language">Kamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klon_language" title="Klon language">Klon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(Indonesia)" title="Kui language (Indonesia)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_language" title="Kula language">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedebang_language" title="Nedebang language">Nedebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirata_language" title="Oirata language">Oirata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retta_language" title="Retta language">Retta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawila_language" title="Sawila language">Sawila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiwa_language" title="Teiwa language">Teiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wersing_language" title="Wersing language">Wersing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pantar_language" title="Western Pantar language">Western Pantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woisika_language" title="Woisika language">Woisika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Mombum_languages" title="Asmat–Mombum languages">Asmat–Mombum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buruwai_language" title="Buruwai language">Buruwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarina_Coast_Asmat_language" title="Casuarina Coast Asmat language">Casuarina Coast Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asmat_language" title="Central Asmat language">Central Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asmat_language" title="North Asmat language">North Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citak_language" title="Citak language">Citak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombum_language" title="Mombum language">Mombum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamberau_language" title="Kamberau language">Kamberau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamoro_language" title="Kamoro language">Kamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneraw_language" title="Koneraw language">Koneraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempan_language" title="Sempan language">Sempan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="West Bird's Head languages">West Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalabra_language" title="Kalabra language">Kalabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwani_language" title="Kuwani language">Kuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moi_language" title="Moi language">Moi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraid_language" title="Moraid language">Moraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seget_language" title="Seget language">Seget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehit_language" title="Tehit language">Tehit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="South Bird's Head languages">South Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arandai_languages" title="Arandai languages">Arandai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombano_language" title="Dombano language">Dombano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duriankari_language" title="Duriankari language">Duriankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanwatan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanwatan language">Inanwatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaburi_language" title="Kaburi language">Kaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kais_language" title="Kais language">Kais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemberano_language" title="Kemberano language">Kemberano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_language" title="Kokoda language">Kokoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konda_language_(Papuan)" title="Konda language (Papuan)">Konda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovojab_language" title="Kovojab language">Kovojab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puragi_language" title="Puragi language">Puragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahadian_language" title="Yahadian language">Yahadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Bird%27s_Head_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bird's Head languages">East Bird's Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatam_language" title="Hatam language">Hatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansim_language" title="Mansim language">Mansim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyah_language" title="Meyah language">Meyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskona_language" title="Moskona language">Moskona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sougb_language" title="Sougb language">Sougb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bomberai_languages" title="West Bomberai languages">West Bomberai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baham_language" title="Baham language">Baham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iha_language" title="Iha language">Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karas language">Karas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dani languages">Dani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_Dani_language" title="Grand Valley Dani language">Grand Valley Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupla_language" title="Hupla language">Hupla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduga_language" title="Nduga language">Nduga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nggem_language" title="Nggem language">Nggem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silimo_language" title="Silimo language">Silimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walak_language" title="Walak language">Walak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wano_language" title="Wano language">Wano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Dani_language" title="Western Dani language">Western Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yali_language" title="Yali language">Yali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paniai_Lakes_languages" title="Paniai Lakes languages">Paniai Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Auye language">Auye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(Papuan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dao language (Papuan)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekari_language" title="Ekari language">Ekari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_language" title="Moni language">Moni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolani_language" title="Wolani language">Wolani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digul_River_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Digul River languages">Digul River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghu_language" title="Aghu language">Aghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awbono_language" title="Awbono language">Awbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayono_language" title="Bayono language">Bayono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densar_language" title="Densar language">Densar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edera_River_Awyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Edera River Awyu">Edera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jair language">Jair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombai_language" title="Kombai language">Kombai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komyandaret_language" title="Komyandaret language">Komyandaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korowai_language" title="Korowai language">Korowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandobo_language" title="Mandobo language">Mandobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisa_language" title="Pisa language">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Papuan)" title="Sawi language (Papuan)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiaxa_language" title="Shiaxa language">Shiaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsaukambo_language" title="Tsaukambo language">Tsaukambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambon_language" title="Wambon language">Wambon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foja_Range_languages" title="Foja Range languages">Foja Range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airoran_language" title="Airoran language">Airoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagusa_language" title="Bagusa language">Bagusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berik_language" title="Berik language">Berik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betaf_language" title="Betaf language">Betaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerif_language" title="Bonerif language">Bonerif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabe_language" title="Dabe language">Dabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dineor_language" title="Dineor language">Dineor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwas_language" title="Edwas language">Edwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresi_language" title="Gresi language">Gresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isirawa_language" title="Isirawa language">Isirawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itik_language" title="Itik language">Itik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapori_language" title="Kapori language">Kapori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauwera_language" title="Kauwera language">Kauwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keijar_language" title="Keijar language">Keijar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemtuik_language" title="Kemtuik language">Kemtuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerba_language" title="Kwerba language">Kwerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerba_Mamberamo_language" title="Kwerba Mamberamo language">Kwerba Mamberamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwesten_language" title="Kwesten language">Kwesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwinsu_language" title="Kwinsu language">Kwinsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mander_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mander language">Mander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massep_language" title="Massep language">Massep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawes_language" title="Mawes language">Mawes</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekwei_language" title="Mekwei language">Mekwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlap_language" title="Mlap language">Mlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namblong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Namblong language">Namblong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimboran_language" title="Nimboran language">Nimboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orya_language" title="Orya language">Orya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sause_language" title="Sause language">Sause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksapmin_language" title="Oksapmin language">Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarokena_language" title="Samarokena language">Samarokena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimuris_language" title="Trimuris language">Trimuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitou_language" title="Vitou language">Vitou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Plain_languages" title="Lakes Plain languages">Lakes Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awera_language" title="Awera language">Awera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biritai_language" title="Biritai language">Biritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doutai_language" title="Doutai language">Doutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvle_language" title="Duvle language">Duvle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritai_language" title="Eritai language">Eritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayu_language" title="Fayu language">Fayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Foau language">Foau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iau_language" title="Iau language">Iau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiy_language" title="Kaiy language">Kaiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keuw_language" title="Keuw language">Keuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirikiri_language" title="Kirikiri language">Kirikiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwerisa_language" title="Kwerisa language">Kwerisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obokuitai_language" title="Obokuitai language">Obokuitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papasena_language" title="Papasena language">Papasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasawa_language" title="Rasawa language">Rasawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaritai_language" title="Sikaritai language">Sikaritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tause_language" title="Tause language">Tause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taworta_language" title="Taworta language">Taworta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waritai_language" title="Waritai language">Waritai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Cenderawasih_Bay_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Cenderawasih Bay languages">East Cenderawasih Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baropasi_language" title="Baropasi language">Baropasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauzi_language" title="Bauzi language">Bauzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burate_language" title="Burate language">Burate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demisa_language" title="Demisa language">Demisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofei_language" title="Kofei language">Kofei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisa-Anasi_language" title="Nisa-Anasi language">Nisa-Anasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauri_language" title="Sauri language">Sauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefaro_language" title="Tefaro language">Tefaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggare_language" title="Tunggare language">Tunggare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woria_language" title="Woria language">Woria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yawa_languages" title="Yawa languages">Yawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saweru_language" title="Saweru language">Saweru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawa_language" title="Yawa language">Yawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demta%E2%80%93Sentani_languages" title="Demta–Sentani languages">Demta–Sentani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demta_language" title="Demta language">Demta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafri_language" title="Nafri language">Nafri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentani_language" title="Sentani language">Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla_language" title="Tabla language">Tabla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ok_languages" title="Ok languages">Ok</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burumakok_language" title="Burumakok language">Burumakok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiwol_language" title="Faiwol language">Faiwol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwur_language" title="Iwur language">Iwur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopka_language" title="Kopka language">Kopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyu_language" title="Muyu language">Muyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakai_language" title="Nakai language">Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalum_language" title="Ngalum language">Ngalum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninggerum_language" title="Ninggerum language">Ninggerum </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangko_language" title="Tangko language">Tangko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifal_language" title="Tifal language">Tifal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonggom_language" title="Yonggom language">Yonggom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Momuna%E2%80%93Mek_languages" title="Momuna–Mek languages">Momuna–Mek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eipo_language" title="Eipo language">Eipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_language" title="Goliath language">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketengban_language" title="Ketengban language">Ketengban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosarek_language" title="Kosarek language">Kosarek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korupun_language" title="Korupun language">Korupun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalca_language" title="Nalca language">Nalca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipsan_language" title="Nipsan language">Nipsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somahai_language" title="Somahai language">Somahai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skou_languages" title="Skou languages">Skou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sangke_language" title="Sangke language">Sangke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skou_language" title="Skou language">Skou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Pauwasi_languages" title="South Pauwasi languages">South Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biksi-Yetfa_language" title="Biksi-Yetfa language">Biksi-Yetfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kembra_language" title="Kembra language">Kembra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimki_language" title="Kimki language">Kimki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepki_language" title="Lepki language">Lepki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murkim_language" title="Murkim language">Murkim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Pauwasi_languages" title="East Pauwasi languages">East Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emem_language" title="Emem language">Emem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorop_language" title="Zorop language">Zorop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Pauwasi_languages" title="West Pauwasi languages">West Pauwasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namla_language" title="Namla language">Namla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebi_language" title="Tebi language">Tebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofanma_language" title="Tofanma language">Tofanma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towei_language" title="Towei language">Towei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usku_language" title="Usku language">Usku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaure%E2%80%93Kosare_languages" title="Kaure–Kosare languages">Kaure–Kosare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaure_language" title="Kaure language">Kaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosare_language" title="Kosare language">Kosare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marind%E2%80%93Yaqai_languages" title="Marind–Yaqai languages">Marind–Yaqai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipim_language" title="Bipim language">Bipim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marind_language" title="Marind language">Marind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqay_language" title="Yaqay language">Yaqay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bulaka_River_languages" title="Bulaka River languages">Bulaka River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maklew_language" title="Maklew language">Maklew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelmek_language" title="Yelmek language">Yelmek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayagar_languages" title="Kayagar languages">Kayagar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atohwaim_language" title="Atohwaim language">Atohwaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayagar_language" title="Kayagar language">Kayagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagario_language" title="Tamagario language">Tamagario</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" title="Border languages (New Guinea)">Border</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awyi_language" title="Awyi language">Awyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elseng_language" title="Elseng language">Elseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikat_language" title="Taikat language">Taikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manem_language" title="Manem language">Manem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowanda_language" title="Sowanda language">Sowanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viid_language" title="Viid language">Viid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waris_language" title="Waris language">Waris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senagi_languages" title="Senagi languages">Senagi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dera_language" title="Dera language">Dera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_languages" title="Mairasi languages">Mairasi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_language" title="Mairasi language">Mairasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer_language" title="Mer language">Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semimi_language" title="Semimi language">Semimi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kolopom_languages" title="Kolopom languages">Kolopom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimaghama_language" title="Kimaghama language">Kimaghama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morori_language" title="Morori language">Morori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndom_language" title="Ndom language">Ndom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riantana_language" title="Riantana language">Riantana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yam_languages" title="Yam languages">Yam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngkolmpu_Kanum_language" title="Ngkolmpu Kanum language">Ngkolmpu Kanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rema_language" title="Rema language">Rema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smerki_language" title="Smerki language">Smerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamer_language" title="Tamer language">Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_language" title="Yei language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mamberamo_languages" title="Lower Mamberamo languages">Lower Mamberamo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warembori_language" title="Warembori language">Warembori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_language" title="Yoke language">Yoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassfied of language isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abinomn_language" title="Abinomn language">Abinomn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abun_language" title="Abun language">Abun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amung language">Amung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmeso_language" title="Burmeso language">Burmeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dem_language" title="Dem language">Dem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanum_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanum language">Kanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maklew_language" title="Maklew language">Maklew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybrat_language" title="Maybrat language">Maybrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molof_language" title="Molof language">Molof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momina_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Momina language">Momina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Papuan)" title="Mor language (Papuan)">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpur_language" title="Mpur language">Mpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Papuan)" title="Pyu language (Papuan)">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saponi_language" title="Saponi language">Saponi</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumuri_language" title="Sumuri language">Sumuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambora_language" title="Tambora language">Tambora</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhunduni_languages" title="Uhunduni languages">Uhunduni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_languages198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin language">Pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malay-based_creoles56" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay-based creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Malay" title="Alor Malay">Alor Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambonese_Malay" title="Ambonese Malay">Ambonese Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenggara_Jauh_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenggara Jauh Malay (page does not exist)">Tenggara Jauh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda Malay">Banda Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Balinese Malay">Balinese Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorap_language" title="Gorap language">Gorap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_Malay" title="Gorontalo Malay">Gorontalo Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupang_Malay" title="Kupang Malay">Kupang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larantuka_Malay" title="Larantuka Malay">Larantuka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manado_Malay" title="Manado Malay">Manado Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar Malay">Makassar Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maumere_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maumere Malay (page does not exist)">Maumere Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Moluccan_Malay" title="North Moluccan Malay">North Moluccan Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula Malay (page does not exist)">Sula</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ternate_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ternate Malay">Ternate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Pulo_language" title="Orang Pulo language">Orang Pulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Malay" title="Papuan Malay">Papuan Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Papuan_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Papuan Malay (page does not exist)">Northwest</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Serui_Malay" title="Serui Malay">Serui</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Malay">Peranakan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surabayan_Peranakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surabayan Peranakan (page does not exist)">Surabayan</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other creoles and pidgins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidau_Creole_Portuguese" title="Bidau Creole Portuguese">Bidau Creole Portuguese</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flores_Creole_Portuguese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flores Creole Portuguese (page does not exist)">Flores Creole Portuguese</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javindo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Javindo language">Javindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardijker language">Mardijker</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petjo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Petjo language">Petjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iha_language" title="Iha language">Pidgin Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onin_language" title="Onin language">Pidgin Onin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Pidgin Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugis_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugis language">Portugis</a> †</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tansi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tansi language (page does not exist)">Tansi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzhounese">Fuzhounese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainanese language">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acehnese_Hakka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acehnese Hakka (page does not exist)">Acehnese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangka-Belitung_Hakka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangka-Belitung Hakka (page does not exist)">Bangka-Belitung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Hakka" title="Pontianak Hakka">Pontianak</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Singkawang_Hakka" title="Singkawang Hakka">Singkawang</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haklau_Min" title="Haklau Min">Haklau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien Chinese">Hokkien</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagan_Hokkien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagan Hokkien (page does not exist)">Bagan </a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batam_Hokkien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batam Hokkien (page does not exist)">Batam</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Medan_Hokkien" title="Medan Hokkien">Medan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Hinghwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indonesian_Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indonesian Mandarin (page does not exist)">Indonesian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siantar_Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siantar Mandarin (page does not exist)">Siantar</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batam_Teochew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batam Teochew (page does not exist)">Batam</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jambi_Teochew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jambi Teochew (page does not exist)">Jambi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketapang_Teochew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketapang Teochew (page does not exist)">Ketapang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pontianak_Teochew" title="Pontianak Teochew">Pontianak</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Dutch">Indonesian Dutch</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic languages">Arabic</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Arabic" title="Indonesian Arabic">Indonesian Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_Arabic" title="Hadhrami Arabic">Hadhrami Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign languages">Sign languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Sign_Language" title="Indonesian Sign Language">Indonesian Sign Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_Kolok" title="Kata Kolok">Kata Kolok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>† indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Malaysia310" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Languages of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Languages of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Malaysia310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Official30" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Malaysian_English_differences" title="British and Malaysian English differences">comparison with British English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Families</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aslian_languages" title="Aslian languages">Aslian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_North_Borneo_languages#North_Bornean" title="Greater North Borneo languages">North Bornean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan%E2%80%93Murik_languages" title="Kayan–Murik languages">Kayan–Murik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama%E2%80%93Bajaw_languages" title="Sama–Bajaw languages">Sama–Bajaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">Natives</a> &<br /><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular<br />Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batek_language" title="Batek language">Batek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheq_Wong_language" title="Cheq Wong language">Cheq Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%CA%BC_language" title="Duanoʼ language">Duanoʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jah_Hut_language" title="Jah Hut language">Jah Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahai_language" title="Jahai language">Jahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedek_language" title="Jedek language">Jedek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor%E2%80%93Riau_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johor–Riau Malay (page does not exist)">Johor–Riau Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johor Malay (page does not exist)">Johor Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malacca Malay (page does not exist)">Malacca Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selangor_Malay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selangor Malay (page does not exist)">Selangor Malay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malay" title="Judeo-Malay">Judeo-Malay</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaboi_language" title="Kenaboi language">Kenaboi</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu_language" title="Kensiu language">Kensiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq_language" title="Kintaq language">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristang_language" title="Kristang language">Kristang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanoh_language" title="Lanoh language">Lanoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah_Meri_language" title="Mah Meri language">Mah Meri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minriq_language" title="Minriq language">Minriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mintil_language" title="Mintil language">Mintil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_Malay" title="Negeri Sembilan Malay">Negeri Sembilan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten%27edn" title="Ten'edn">Mos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Malay" title="Perak Malay">Perak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reman_Malay" title="Reman Malay">Reman Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sab%C3%BCm_language" title="Sabüm language">Sabüm</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semai_language" title="Semai language">Semai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaq_Beri_language" title="Semaq Beri language">Semaq Beri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semelai_language" title="Semelai language">Semelai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnam_language" title="Semnam language">Semnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thai_language" title="Southern Thai language">Southern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temiar_language" title="Temiar language">Temiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temoq_language" title="Temoq language">Temoq</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wila%27_language" title="Wila' language">Wila'</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East<br />Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abai_language" title="Abai language">Abai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahau_language" title="Bahau language">Bahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau language">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belait_language" title="Belait language">Belait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berawan_language" title="Berawan language">Berawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biatah_language" title="Biatah language">Biatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintulu_language" title="Bintulu language">Bintulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonggi_language" title="Bonggi language">Bonggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookan_language" title="Bookan language">Bookan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Bruneian/Kedayan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Bisaya_language" title="Brunei Bisaya language">Brunei Bisaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukar%E2%80%93Sadong_language" title="Bukar–Sadong language">Bukar–Sadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukitan_language" title="Bukitan language">Bukitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Kadazan_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Kadazan dialect">Coastal Kadazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daro-Matu_language" title="Daro-Matu language">Daro-Matu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpas_language" title="Dumpas language">Dumpas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusun_language" title="Dusun language">Dusun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Kadazan_language" title="Eastern Kadazan language">Eastern Kadazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana%CA%BC_language" title="Ganaʼ language">Ganaʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida%27an_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida'an language">Ida'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagoi_language" title="Jagoi language">Jagoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangkang_language" title="Jangkang language">Jangkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajaman_language" title="Kajaman language">Kajaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabakan_language" title="Kalabakan language">Kalabakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanowit_language" title="Kanowit language">Kanowit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_language_(Borneo)" title="Kayan language (Borneo)">Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelabit_language" title="Kelabit language">Kelabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keningau_Murut_language" title="Keningau Murut language">Keningau Murut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinabatangan_language" title="Kinabatangan language">Kinabatangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiput_language" title="Kiput language">Kiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klias_River_Kadazan_language" title="Klias River Kadazan language">Klias River Kadazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Marudu_Talantang_language" title="Kota Marudu Talantang language">Kota Marudu Talantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuijau_language" title="Kuijau language">Kuijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahanan_language" title="Lahanan language">Lahanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelak_language" title="Lelak language">Lelak</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengilu_language" title="Lengilu language">Lengilu</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotud_language" title="Lotud language">Lotud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lun_Bawang_language" title="Lun Bawang language">Lun Bawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Kenyah_language" title="Mainstream Kenyah language">Mainstream Kenyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_language" title="Melanau language">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momogun_language" title="Momogun language">Momogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murik_Kayan_language" title="Murik Kayan language">Murik Kayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narom_language" title="Narom language">Narom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonukan_Tidong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonukan Tidong language">Nonukan Tidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolod_language" title="Okolod language">Okolod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paluan_language" title="Paluan language">Paluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papar_language" title="Papar language">Papar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah-Biau_Punan_language" title="Bah-Biau Punan language">Punan Bah-Biau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punan_Batu_language" title="Punan Batu language">Punan Batu</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penan_language" title="Penan language">Penan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remun_language" title="Remun language">Remun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ban_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'ban language">Sa'ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Bisaya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Bisaya language">Sabah Bisaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malay" title="Sarawak Malay">Sarawak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebop_language" title="Sebop language">Sebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekapan_language" title="Sekapan language">Sekapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selungai_Murut_language" title="Selungai Murut language">Selungai Murut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sembakung_language" title="Sembakung language">Sembakung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seru_language" title="Seru language">Seru</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serudung_language" title="Serudung language">Serudung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sian_language" title="Sian language">Sian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_language" title="Sungai language">Sungai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagol_language" title="Tagol language">Tagol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timugon_language" title="Timugon language">Timugon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombonuwo_language" title="Tombonuwo language">Tombonuwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring_language" title="Tring language">Tring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tringgus_language" title="Tringgus language">Tringgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutoh_language" title="Tutoh language">Tutoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukit_language" title="Ukit language">Ukit</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma%CA%BC_Lasan_language" title="Umaʼ Lasan language">Umaʼ Lasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significant<br />minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Cantonese" title="Malaysian Cantonese">Malaysian Cantonese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing_dialect" title="Fuqing dialect">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Pu-Xian Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Peninsular_Malaysian_Hokkien" title="Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien">Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Hokkien" title="Penang Hokkien">Penang Hokkien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoshan_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoshan Min">Chaoshan Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Mandarin" title="Malaysian Mandarin">Malaysian Mandarin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Tamil" title="Malaysian Tamil">Malaysian Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian<br />archipelago</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarese_language" title="Banjarese language">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawean_language" title="Bawean language">Bawean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_(tribe)#Dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawa (tribe)">Rawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philippine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranun_language" title="Iranun language">Iranun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molbog_language" title="Molbog language">Molbog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Suluk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristang_language" title="Kristang language">Kristang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay trade and creole languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Malay">Baba Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Chetty_creole_language" title="Malay Chetty creole language">Chetty Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Malay" title="Cocos Malay">Cocos Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Malay">Sabah Malay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed & Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rojak" title="Bahasa Rojak">Rojak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanglish" title="Tanglish">Tanglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_in_Malaysia" title="Esperanto in Malaysia">Esperanto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigrants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay" title="Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay">comparison with Malaysian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Languages of Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian Sign Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manually_Coded_Malay" title="Manually Coded Malay">Manually Coded Malay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Sign_Language" title="Penang Sign Language">Penang Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Sign Language">Selangor Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Extinct languages</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Nearly extinct languages</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages514" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template talk:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages514" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages#Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Sundanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bantenese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantenese language">Bantenese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Madurese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Malayo-Chamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chamic_languages" title="Chamic languages">Chamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chru_language" title="Chru language">Chru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroi_language" title="Haroi language">Haroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_language" title="Jarai language">Jarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_language" title="Rade language">Rade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roglai_language" title="Roglai language">Roglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> (Utsat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjar language">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Brunei/Kedayan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berau Malay language">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Malay" title="Bangka Malay">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutai Malay">Kutai Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a> (Yawi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Orang Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> & <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Malay" title="Perak Malay">Perak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remun_language" title="Remun language">Remun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malay" title="Sarawak Malay">Sarawak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi' language">Urak Lawoi'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bali%E2%80%93Sasak_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali–Sasak languages">Bali–Sasak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Batak25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Batak Angkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Batak Dairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Batak Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Batak Simalungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Batak Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lampung Api</li> <li>Lampung Nyo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badaic language">Badaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendau_language" title="Pendau language">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa (Sulawesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moklenic_languages" title="Moklenic languages">Moklenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moken_language" title="Moken language">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan dialect (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataraman_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataraman dialect (page does not exist)">Mataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>)</li> <li><a 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