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lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ex voto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exvoto" title="Exvoto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Exvoto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksvoto" title="Eksvoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eksvoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex-voto" title="Ex-voto – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ex-voto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_voto" title="Ex voto – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ex voto" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exvoto" title="Exvoto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Exvoto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex-voto" title="Ex-voto – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ex-voto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Votive offering to a saint or to a divinity in Christianity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the votive offering. For the EP, see <a href="/wiki/Ex-Voto_(EP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-Voto (EP)"><i>Ex-Voto</i> (EP)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos_votive_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos_votive_1911.jpg/250px-Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos_votive_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos_votive_1911.jpg/330px-Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos_votive_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos_votive_1911.jpg/500px-Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos_votive_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Votive_paintings_of_Mexico" title="Votive paintings of Mexico">Mexican votive painting</a> of 1911; the man survived an attack by a bull, attributed to the care of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_San_Juan_de_los_Lagos" title="Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos">Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg/250px-La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg/330px-La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg/500px-La_Rochelle_slave_ship_Le_Saphir_1741.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ship</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Saphir_(ship)" title="Saphir (ship)">Le saphir</a></i>, ex-voto in the Saint Louis Cathedral in La Rochelle, 1741</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>ex-voto</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">votive offering</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divinity</a>, given in fulfillment of a vow (hence the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term, short for <i>ex voto suscepto</i>, "from the vow made") or in gratitude or devotion.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is usually restricted to Christian examples. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex-voto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ex-votos are placed in a <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapel</a> where the worshiper seeks grace or wishes to give thanks. The destinations of <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimages</a> often include <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrines</a> decorated with ex-votos. </p><p>Ex-votos can take a wide variety of forms. They are not only intended for the invocated, but also as a testimony to later visitors of the received help. As such they may include texts explaining a miracle attributed to the helper, or symbols such as a painted or modeled reproduction of a miraculously healed body part, or a directly related item such as a crutch given by a person formerly lame. There are places where a very old tradition of depositing ex-votos existed, such as <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a> in ancient Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ex-voto_paintings">Ex-voto paintings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex-voto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ex-voto paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ex_voto_Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe_shipwreck_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ex_voto_Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe_shipwreck_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal.jpg/220px-Ex_voto_Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe_shipwreck_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ex_voto_Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe_shipwreck_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal.jpg/330px-Ex_voto_Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe_shipwreck_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ex_voto_Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe_shipwreck_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal.jpg/440px-Ex_voto_Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe_shipwreck_in_the_Bay_of_Bengal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3585" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Ex-voto in the church of <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_la_Garoupe" title="Notre Dame de la Garoupe">Notre Dame de la Garoupe</a>, Antibes, France. It thanks Notre Dame de Bon Port for her help during a shipwreck in the Bay of Bengal in 1857</figcaption></figure> <p>Especially in the Latin world, there is a tradition of votive paintings, typically depicting a dangerous incident which the offeror survived. The <a href="/wiki/Votive_paintings_of_Mexico" title="Votive paintings of Mexico">votive paintings of Mexico</a> are paralleled in other countries. In Italy, where more than 15,000 ex-voto paintings are thought to survive from before 1600, these began to appear in the 1490s, probably modelled on the small <a href="/wiki/Predella" title="Predella">predella</a> panels below <a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpieces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are a form of <a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">folk art</a>, in Mexico typically painted cheaply on tin plates salvaged from packaging. </p><p>Other examples may be large and grand paintings, such as <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Pesaro_being_presented_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_to_Saint_Peter" title="Jacopo Pesaro being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter">Jacopo Pesaro being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter</a></i>, given in thanks for a naval victory. In Venice it became the custom in the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a> for the higher officials, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Doge_(title)" title="Doge (title)">Doge</a>, to commission (at their personal expense) an ex-voto painting in the form of a portrait of themselves with religious figures, usually the Virgin or saints, in thanks for achieving their office. For lower officials only their coat of arms might represent the official. The painting was hung in the public building where they worked or presided.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is the <a href="/wiki/Barbarigo_Altarpiece" title="Barbarigo Altarpiece">Barbarigo Altarpiece</a>, a votive portrait of Doge <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Barbarigo" title="Agostino Barbarigo">Agostino Barbarigo</a> with the Virgin and Child, two saints and assorted angels, by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bellini" title="Giovanni Bellini">Giovanni Bellini</a> (1488). This was made for the <a href="/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace" title="Doge's Palace">Doge's Palace</a> but is now in <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_Martire,_Murano" title="San Pietro Martire, Murano">San Pietro Martire, Murano</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Ex-Voto_de_1662" title="Ex-Voto de 1662">Ex-Voto de 1662</a></i> is a painting by <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Champaigne" title="Philippe de Champaigne">Philippe de Champaigne</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>), showing two nuns, one of whom recovered from serious illness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex-voto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the church of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde" title="Notre-Dame de la Garde">Notre-Dame de la Garde</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the site of a major local pilgrimage, the ex-votos include paintings, plaques, model ships, war medals and even football shirts given by players and supporters of <a href="/wiki/Olympique_de_Marseille" title="Olympique de Marseille">Olympique de Marseille</a>, the local team. The magnificent <a href="/wiki/Lod_Mosaic_Archaeological_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lod Mosaic Archaeological Center">Lod mosaic</a> is thought to be an ex-voto expressing gratitude for rescue from a shipwreck.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the long Votive Chapel of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Oratory" title="Saint Joseph's Oratory">Saint Joseph's Oratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, there are fixed on iron grilles hundreds of crutches, canes and braces left behind by pilgrims who claimed to have received a healing while meeting with <a href="/wiki/Brother_Andr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother André">Brother André</a>, CSC. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> recognized the authenticity of the <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a> and canonized Saint André Bessette in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria-hat-geholfen-himmerod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Votive tablets to Saint Mary in Himmerod Abbey, Germany"><img alt="Votive tablets to Saint Mary in Himmerod Abbey, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Maria-hat-geholfen-himmerod.jpg/120px-Maria-hat-geholfen-himmerod.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Maria-hat-geholfen-himmerod.jpg/250px-Maria-hat-geholfen-himmerod.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Votive tablets to Saint Mary in <a href="/wiki/Himmerod_Abbey" title="Himmerod Abbey">Himmerod Abbey</a>, Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DrothemVotiveShip.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A model ship (probably expressing thanks for help during a storm) hanging in a Söderköping church"><img alt="A model ship (probably expressing thanks for help during a storm) hanging in a Söderköping church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DrothemVotiveShip.jpg/120px-DrothemVotiveShip.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/DrothemVotiveShip.jpg/250px-DrothemVotiveShip.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="1477" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A model ship (probably expressing thanks for help during a storm) hanging in a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6derk%C3%B6ping" title="Söderköping">Söderköping</a> church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Wota_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ex-votos in the Lady Chapel of Jasna Góra, Częstochowa"><img alt="Ex-votos in the Lady Chapel of Jasna Góra, Częstochowa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Wota_2.JPG/120px-Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Wota_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Wota_2.JPG/180px-Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Wota_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Wota_2.JPG/240px-Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Wota_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ex-votos in the Lady Chapel of Jasna Góra, Częstochowa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Votive_plaque_Louvre_MNB324.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Several body parts in a Cypriot plaque from the Roman age"><img alt="Several body parts in a Cypriot plaque from the Roman age" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Votive_plaque_Louvre_MNB324.jpg/120px-Votive_plaque_Louvre_MNB324.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Votive_plaque_Louvre_MNB324.jpg/180px-Votive_plaque_Louvre_MNB324.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Votive_plaque_Louvre_MNB324.jpg/240px-Votive_plaque_Louvre_MNB324.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3050" data-file-height="2030" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Several body parts in a Cypriot plaque from the Roman age</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacopo_Pesaro_presented_to_St._Peter_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_-_Tizian-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacopo Pesaro being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter, Ex-voto painting by Titian"><img alt="Jacopo Pesaro being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter, Ex-voto painting by Titian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jacopo_Pesaro_presented_to_St._Peter_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_-_Tizian-2.jpg/120px-Jacopo_Pesaro_presented_to_St._Peter_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_-_Tizian-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jacopo_Pesaro_presented_to_St._Peter_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_-_Tizian-2.jpg/180px-Jacopo_Pesaro_presented_to_St._Peter_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_-_Tizian-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jacopo_Pesaro_presented_to_St._Peter_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_-_Tizian-2.jpg/240px-Jacopo_Pesaro_presented_to_St._Peter_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_-_Tizian-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6645" data-file-height="5186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Pesaro_being_presented_by_Pope_Alexander_VI_to_Saint_Peter" title="Jacopo Pesaro being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter">Jacopo Pesaro being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter</a></i>, Ex-voto painting by <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbarigo_Altarpiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Barbarigo Altarpiece: Doge Agostino Barbarigo with the Virgin and Child, by Giovanni Bellini, an ex-voto for the Doge's Palace"><img alt="The Barbarigo Altarpiece: Doge Agostino Barbarigo with the Virgin and Child, by Giovanni Bellini, an ex-voto for the Doge's Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Barbarigo_Altarpiece.jpg/120px-Barbarigo_Altarpiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Barbarigo_Altarpiece.jpg/250px-Barbarigo_Altarpiece.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Barbarigo_Altarpiece" title="Barbarigo Altarpiece">Barbarigo Altarpiece</a>: Doge <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Barbarigo" title="Agostino Barbarigo">Agostino Barbarigo</a> with the Virgin and Child, by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bellini" title="Giovanni Bellini">Giovanni Bellini</a>, an ex-voto for the Doge's Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganz_-_Votivtafeln.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roadside ex-voto plaques, Ganz, East Tirol"><img alt="Roadside ex-voto plaques, Ganz, East Tirol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ganz_-_Votivtafeln.jpg/120px-Ganz_-_Votivtafeln.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ganz_-_Votivtafeln.jpg/180px-Ganz_-_Votivtafeln.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ganz_-_Votivtafeln.jpg/240px-Ganz_-_Votivtafeln.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roadside ex-voto plaques, Ganz, East Tirol</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ex_votos_for_St._Giuseppe_Moscati_-_Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo_-_Naples_-_Italy_2015_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Metal ex-votos in Gesù Nuovo, Naples"><img alt="Metal ex-votos in Gesù Nuovo, Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ex_votos_for_St._Giuseppe_Moscati_-_Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo_-_Naples_-_Italy_2015_%282%29.JPG/120px-Ex_votos_for_St._Giuseppe_Moscati_-_Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo_-_Naples_-_Italy_2015_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ex_votos_for_St._Giuseppe_Moscati_-_Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo_-_Naples_-_Italy_2015_%282%29.JPG/250px-Ex_votos_for_St._Giuseppe_Moscati_-_Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo_-_Naples_-_Italy_2015_%282%29.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Metal ex-votos in <a href="/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo" title="Gesù Nuovo">Gesù Nuovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ex-votos_-_Miracles%27_room_-_Bas%C3%ADlica_of_Aparecida_-_Aparecida_2014_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ex-votos in the Basilica of Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil"><img alt="Ex-votos in the Basilica of Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ex-votos_-_Miracles%27_room_-_Bas%C3%ADlica_of_Aparecida_-_Aparecida_2014_%282%29.jpg/120px-Ex-votos_-_Miracles%27_room_-_Bas%C3%ADlica_of_Aparecida_-_Aparecida_2014_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ex-votos_-_Miracles%27_room_-_Bas%C3%ADlica_of_Aparecida_-_Aparecida_2014_%282%29.jpg/250px-Ex-votos_-_Miracles%27_room_-_Bas%C3%ADlica_of_Aparecida_-_Aparecida_2014_%282%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ex-votos in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Aparecida" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida">Basilica of Our Lady of Aparecida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet_6331.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modèle 1951 helmet of the French Army on display as an ex-voto at Notre-Dame de la Garde in Marseille. The back of the helmet is slightly bent, suggesting that it was hit by a shrapnel and saved its owner."><img alt="Modèle 1951 helmet of the French Army on display as an ex-voto at Notre-Dame de la Garde in Marseille. The back of the helmet is slightly bent, suggesting that it was hit by a shrapnel and saved its owner." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet_6331.jpg/120px-Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet_6331.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet_6331.jpg/250px-Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet_6331.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="1848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet" title="Modèle 1951 helmet">Modèle 1951 helmet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> on display as an ex-voto at <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_la_Garde" title="Notre-Dame de la Garde">Notre-Dame de la Garde</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. The back of the helmet is slightly bent, suggesting that it was hit by a <a href="/wiki/Shrapnel_(fragment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrapnel (fragment)">shrapnel</a> and saved its owner.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collezione_di_Ex-Voto_(Cesena).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The collection of ex-votos in the Abbey of St Maria del Monte, Cesena, Italy"><img alt="The collection of ex-votos in the Abbey of St Maria del Monte, Cesena, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Collezione_di_Ex-Voto_%28Cesena%29.jpg/120px-Collezione_di_Ex-Voto_%28Cesena%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Collezione_di_Ex-Voto_%28Cesena%29.jpg/250px-Collezione_di_Ex-Voto_%28Cesena%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The collection of ex-votos in the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_St_Maria_del_Monte" title="Abbey of St Maria del Monte">Abbey of St Maria del Monte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-03-29_Ex_voto_Roma_viale_Trastevere.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ex-voto plaques on a wall at the Roman Viale Trastevere"><img alt="Ex-voto plaques on a wall at the Roman Viale Trastevere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/2014-03-29_Ex_voto_Roma_viale_Trastevere.jpg/120px-2014-03-29_Ex_voto_Roma_viale_Trastevere.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/2014-03-29_Ex_voto_Roma_viale_Trastevere.jpg/180px-2014-03-29_Ex_voto_Roma_viale_Trastevere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/2014-03-29_Ex_voto_Roma_viale_Trastevere.jpg/240px-2014-03-29_Ex_voto_Roma_viale_Trastevere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ex-voto plaques on a wall at the Roman Viale Trastevere</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex-voto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinax" title="Pinax">Pinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_(votive)" title="Tama (votive)">Tama (votive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_candle" title="Votive candle">Votive candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milagro_(votive)" title="Milagro (votive)">Milagro (votive)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex-voto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgc.bard.edu/publications/all/52/ex-voto"><i>Ex Voto: Votive Giving Across Cultures</i>, (Ittai Weinryb, ed.), Bard Graduate Publications</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">History of Egypt Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria in the Light of Recent Discovery, L. W. King, H. R. Hall, Echo Library, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/past/article/230/suppl_11/191/2884261">"Recording Miracles in Renaissance Italy"</a>, Mary Laven, <i>Past & Present</i>, Volume 230, Issue suppl_11, 1 November 2016, Pages 191–212, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtw026">[1]</a>, an account of the shrine of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madonna_dell%E2%80%99Arco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madonna dell’Arco (page does not exist)">Madonna dell’Arco</a> near Naples.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lino Moretti, "Portraits", in Jane Martineau (ed), <i>The Genius of Venice, 1500–1600</i>, 1983, Royal Academy of Arts, London</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A suggested reconstruction of one of the merchant ships on the mosaic floor in Lod (Lydda) Israel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Haddad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elie Haddad (page does not exist)">Elie Haddad</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miriam_Avissar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miriam Avissar (page does not exist)">Miriam Avissar</a>, The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (2003) 32. I: 73-77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-joseph.org">saint-joseph.org</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex-voto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 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