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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Povijest</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uzroci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzroci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Uzroci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzroci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provedba_i_rezultati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provedba_i_rezultati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Provedba i rezultati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provedba_i_rezultati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kraj_NEP-a" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kraj_NEP-a"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kraj NEP-a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kraj_NEP-a-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nova ekonomska politika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 53 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwe_Ekonomiese_Beleid" title="Nuwe Ekonomiese Beleid – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nuwe Ekonomiese Beleid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="السياسة الاقتصادية الجديدة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السياسة الاقتصادية الجديدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_iqtisadi_siyas%C9%99t" title="Yeni iqtisadi siyasət – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeni iqtisadi siyasət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая эканамічная палітыка – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новая эканамічная палітыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая эканамічная палітыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новая эканамічная палітыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова икономическа политика – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова икономическа политика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B2mica" title="Nova Política Econòmica – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova Política Econòmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_ekonomick%C3%A1_politika" title="Nová ekonomická politika – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nová ekonomická politika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_%C3%96konomische_Politik" title="Neue Ökonomische Politik – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neue Ökonomische Politik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="New Economic Policy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Ekonomia_Politiko" title="Nova Ekonomia Politiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nova Ekonomia Politiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Nueva Política Económica – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva Política Económica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uus_majanduspoliitika" title="Uus majanduspoliitika – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uus majanduspoliitika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_Ekonomiko_Berria" title="Politika Ekonomiko Berria – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Politika Ekonomiko Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سیاست‌های نوین اقتصادی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاست‌های نوین اقتصادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle_politique_%C3%A9conomique" title="Nouvelle politique économique – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouvelle politique économique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Nova Política Económica – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova Política Económica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%22%D7%A4" title="נא"פ – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נא"פ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aj_gazdas%C3%A1gpolitika" title="Új gazdaságpolitika – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Új gazdaságpolitika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նոր տնտեսական քաղաքականություն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոր տնտեսական քաղաքականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru" title="Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuova_politica_economica" title="Nuova politica economica – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuova politica economica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%97" title="ネップ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネップ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Жаңа экономикалық саясат – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа экономикалық саясат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" title="신경제정책 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경제정책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noeuva_Politega_Economega" title="Noeuva Politega Economega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Noeuva Politega Economega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_ekonomin%C4%97_politika" title="Naujoji ekonominė politika – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji ekonominė politika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaun%C4%81_ekonomisk%C4%81_politika" title="Jaunā ekonomiskā politika – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaunā ekonomiskā politika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економска политика – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова економска политика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwe_Economische_Politiek" title="Nieuwe Economische Politiek – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nieuwe Economische Politiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Polityka_Ekonomiczna" title="Nowa Polityka Ekonomiczna – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa Polityka Ekonomiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B4mica" title="Nova Política Econômica – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Política Econômica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noua_Politic%C4%83_Economic%C4%83" title="Noua Politică Economică – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noua Politică Economică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая экономическая политика – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая экономическая политика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Economic Policy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економска политика – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова економска политика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny_ekonomisk_politik" title="Ny ekonomisk politik – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ny ekonomisk politik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="புதிய பொருளாதாரக் கொள்கை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதிய பொருளாதாரக் கொள்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="นโยบายเศรษฐกิจใหม่ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นโยบายเศรษฐกิจใหม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagong_Polisiyang_Pang-ekonomiya" title="Bagong Polisiyang Pang-ekonomiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bagong Polisiyang Pang-ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_Ekonomi_Politikas%C4%B1" title="Yeni Ekonomi Politikası – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni Ekonomi Politikası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_%C4%B0qtisadi_S%C3%A4y%C3%A4s%C3%A4t" title="Yaña İqtisadi Säyäsät – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Yaña İqtisadi Säyäsät" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економічна політика – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова економічна політика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_s%C3%A1ch_kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_m%E1%BB%9Bi_(Li%C3%AAn_X%C3%B4)" title="Chính sách kinh tế mới (Liên Xô) – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính sách kinh tế mới (Liên Xô)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="新经济政策 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新经济政策" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45745#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:#bcf;">Nova ekonomska politika</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:140%;"><small>Новая экономическая политика</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Chervonetz_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chervonetz_1922.jpg/300px-Chervonetz_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chervonetz_1922.jpg/450px-Chervonetz_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Chervonetz_1922.jpg/600px-Chervonetz_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="634" /></a></span><br /><b>Červonec</b> prva novčanica Sovjetskog saveza, imala je podlogu u <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlatu</a> i bila konvertibilna</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Popis_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Popis država">Država</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nova ekonomska politika</b> <a href="/wiki/Akronim" class="mw-redirect" title="Akronim">akronim</a>: <i>NEP</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ruski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruski">ruski</a>: <i>новая экономическая политика</i>) je bilo jedno razdoblje u povijesti <a href="/wiki/Sovjetski_savez" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetski savez">Sovjetskog saveza</a> između <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1928." title="1928.">1928.</a> u kom je nova sovjetska vlast dopustila obnovu nekih elemenata tržišnog gospodarstva u zemlji - u cilju poboljšanja ekonomskih prilika. </p><p>Pravi uzrok prema tom zaokretu bila je politika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratni_komunizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratni komunizam (stranica ne postoji)">ratnog komunizma</a>., na snazi od <a href="/wiki/1918." title="1918.">1918.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> koja je dovela <a href="/wiki/Narodno_gospodarstvo" title="Narodno gospodarstvo">narodno gospodarstvo</a> do kolapsa. Sve otvorenije pobune i <a href="/wiki/Prosvjed" title="Prosvjed">prosvjedi</a> protiv takve politike, i okretanje simpatija koje su seljaci ispočetka imali za njih navela je rukovodioce <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Sovjetskog_Saveza" title="Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza">komunističke partije</a> i njihovog vođu - <a href="/wiki/Lenjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenjin">Lenjina</a>, o potrebi strateškog odustajanja od daljnjih radikalnih reformi i reobnovu nekih starijih oblika privrede u cilju održavanja na vlasti.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NEP je pokrenut nakon odluka 10. kongresa <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Sovjetskog_Saveza" title="Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza">Ruske komunističke partije</a>, održanog u ožujku <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a><sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Po riječima samih sovjetskih rukovodioca bit NEP-a je bila ojačati savezništvo između radnika i seljaka na ekonomskim osnovama, socijalističke industrije i malih seljačkih gospodarstava, te preko robno -novčanih odnosa uključiti i seljake u izgradnju socijalizma.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ili kako je to sam Lenjin rekao <i>... maksimalno podizanje proizvodnih snaga i poboljšanje životnog standarda radnika i seljaka. .. </i> (Lenjin, Zbornik radova, 5. izdanje., tom 43, str. 398). NEP je dozvolio obnovu nekih oblika kapitalističke privrede, zadržavajući ipak kontrolu većim industrijskim pogonima, u transportu, bankarstvu i vanjskoj trgovini.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uzroci">Uzroci</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Uzroci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uzroci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O kad su <a href="/wiki/Bolj%C5%A1evici" class="mw-redirect" title="Boljševici">boljševici</a> preuzeli vlast u zemlji <a href="/wiki/1917." title="1917.">1917.</a> otpočeo je <a href="/wiki/Ruski_gra%C4%91anski_rat" title="Ruski građanski rat">rat protiv njih</a>, pa su oni kao mjeru svog održanja na vlasti uveli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratni_komunizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratni komunizam (stranica ne postoji)">ratni komunizam</a>, strogo racionaliziravši raspodjelu svih dobara - a to je konkretno značilo da je novac suspendiran kao platežno sredstvo (vrijedili su jedino bonovi za snabdjevanje), - tako da je trgovina potpuno zamrla. Teške posljedice <a href="/wiki/Ruski_gra%C4%91anski_rat" title="Ruski građanski rat">građanskog rata</a> osjećale su se po cijeloj zemlji - dobar dio gradova, privrednih objekata, željezničkih pruga bio je razoren, ili teško oštećen. Stanovnicima gradova nedostajalo je gotovo svega, od kruha do ogrjeva za grijanje. Velike epidemije kojekakvih bolesti - pokosile su velik broj stanovnika, glad i neimaština uzrokovali su i demonstracije protiv nove vlasti - glavna zamjerka je bio priviligiran položaj u opskrbi partijskih rukovodioca i članova <a href="/wiki/Crvena_armija" title="Crvena armija">Crvene armije</a>. Seljaci su još nekako podnosili politiku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratni_komunizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratni komunizam (stranica ne postoji)">ratnog komunizma</a> za vrijeme građanskog rata, ali ne i nastavak rekviriranja njihovih proizvoda i zabranu trgovanja poljoprivrednim proizvodima - kako se stanje smirivalo, pa su se njihove simpatije počele okretati kontrarevolucionarima. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:NEP_Soviet_Postcard_1920s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NEP_Soviet_Postcard_1920s.JPG/300px-NEP_Soviet_Postcard_1920s.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="443" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NEP_Soviet_Postcard_1920s.JPG/450px-NEP_Soviet_Postcard_1920s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NEP_Soviet_Postcard_1920s.JPG/600px-NEP_Soviet_Postcard_1920s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="1730" /></a><figcaption>Dopisnica iz vremena NEP-a, kao ilustracija tadašnje atmosfere</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provedba_i_rezultati">Provedba i rezultati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Provedba i rezultati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Provedba i rezultati"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Od sječnja do veljače <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> <a href="/wiki/Centralni_komitet" title="Centralni komitet">Centralni komitet</a> <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Sovjetskog_Saveza" title="Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza">Ruske komunističke partije</a>, na čelu s <a href="/wiki/Lenjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenjin">Lenjinom</a> napravio je plan prelaska na NEP. Na temelju odluka 10. kongresa partije, Centralni izvršni komitet izdao je - 21. veljače <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekret (stranica ne postoji)">dekret</a> o fiksnom plaćanju poreza u naturi. <a href="/wiki/Sovjet" title="Sovjet">Sovjet</a> narodnih <a href="/wiki/Komesar" title="Komesar">komesara</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruska_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruska SFSR">Ruske Sovjetske Federalne Socijalističke Republike</a> odredilo je fiksni porez na žitarice za žetvu <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> / <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a> na 240 milijuna puda (1 ruski pud= 16,3 <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a> (za žetve<a href="/wiki/1920." title="1920.">1920.</a> / <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> požnjeveno je 423 milijuna puda) a dekretom od 28. ožujka, dozvoljena je razmjena, kupnja i prodaja poljoprivrednih proizvoda, uz istovremeni dovršetak prakse rekviriranja žitarica za žetvu <a href="/wiki/1920." title="1920.">1920.</a> / <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> Plaćanje fiksnog poreza u naturi u <a href="/wiki/Ukrajina" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajini</a>, uvedeno je već u ožujku <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Bjelorusija" title="Bjelorusija">Bjelorusiji</a> - u travnju u <a href="/wiki/Armenija" title="Armenija">Armeniji</a> - u lipnju u <a href="/wiki/Gruzija" title="Gruzija">Gruziji</a> - u lipnju, a <a href="/wiki/Azerbajd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbajdžan">Azerbajdžan</a> je zbog ekonomskih teškoća bio izuzet od poreza za cijelu <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a><sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uvođenje plaćanja fiksnog poreza u naturi bio je presudan zahvat NEP-a, ali ne i jedini. Uvođenje plaćanja fiksnog poreza u naturi i raspolaganje viškovima, potaklo je seljake da povećaju proizvodnju i tako ostvare dodatni prihod. U cilju oživljavanja trgovine i industrije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekret (stranica ne postoji)">dekretom</a> od <a href="/wiki/17._svibnja" title="17. svibnja">17. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> djelomično je <a href="/wiki/Nacionalizacija" title="Nacionalizacija">denacionalizirana</a> i mala <a href="/wiki/Industrija" title="Industrija">industrija</a>, a dekretom od <a href="/wiki/24._svibnja" title="24. svibnja">24. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> dopušten je i rad privatnim <a href="/wiki/Trgovina" title="Trgovina">trgovinama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Od <a href="/wiki/5._lipnja" title="5. lipnja">5. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> omogućeno je osnivanje mješovitih poduzeća, i davanje manjih industrijskih poduzeća u zakup ili koncesiju mješovitim poduzećima i privatnim osobama, a od <a href="/wiki/7._lipnja" title="7. lipnja">7. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> osnivanje privatnih poduzeća do 20 djelatnika, kasnije je taj broj i povećan. </p><p>Jedna od mjera za povećanje poljoprivredne proizvodnje i jačanja konkurencije bila je obnova mogućnosti zakupa poljoprivrednog zemljišta i korištenje unajmljene radne snage, objavljena 11. kolovoza <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a><sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Od jeseni <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> počeo je proces oživljavanja velikih sajmova, na kojima je obnovljena trgovina. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:1000roubles1922a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/1000roubles1922a.jpg/300px-1000roubles1922a.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/1000roubles1922a.jpg/450px-1000roubles1922a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/1000roubles1922a.jpg/600px-1000roubles1922a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4683" data-file-height="2610" /></a><figcaption>Novčanica od 1000 rubalja iz <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Istovremeno se željelo izbjeći prekupce, pa se forsirala direktna razmjena između velikih industrijskih poduzeća i pojedinih regija, koje su trebale preko zadruga osigurati poljoprivredne proizvode s malih gazdinstava svoga kraja, ali to usprkos osnivanja specijalnih fondova za tu namjenu - nije zaživjelo, jer se sve više širio princip ponude i potražnje.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberalizacija trgovine, zanatstva i manjih industrijskih pogona, ponovno se pojavila <a href="/wiki/Bur%C5%BEoazija" title="Buržoazija">buržoazija</a>, koju su tad zvali - <b>nepovci</b>, to su bili; trgovci, zakupci poljoprivrednog zemljišta (zvani kulaci), prekupci, poduzetnici svih fela, akviziteri...<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tako da je do <a href="/wiki/1926." title="1926.">1926.</a> oko 2,3 milijuna ljudi (zajedno sa svojim porodicama), a to je bilo 1,6% stanovništva <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a>- a egzistiralo od nepovskih poduzeća. Ipak je sovjetska vlast relativno čvrsto kontrolirala i regulirala njihovu djelatnost, pogotovo što se tiče poreza. Interese zaposlenih radnika po privatnim poduzećima štitala je država i sindikati.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ruble_and_poltinnik_1924.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Ruble_and_poltinnik_1924.png" decoding="async" width="183" height="747" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Srebreni rublji 1924.</figcaption></figure> <p>Novi uvjeti koji su se pojavili s NEP-om zahtijevali su i reorganizaciju upravljanja privredom. Zbog tog je Vrhovni sovjet narodne privrede (ministarstvo) u maju <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> stvarao 16 odjela koji su preko regionalnih (gubernijskih) sovjeta trebali kontrolirati privrednu aktivnost u zemlji. Jedna od mjera NEP-a bila je i prestanak prakse plaćanja u naturi za rad uvedena za ratnog komunizma, - dakle plaćanje u novcu.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zbog tog je u oktobru <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> osnovana je Državna banka (<i>Госбанк</i>), kojoj je povjerena monetarana politika. Do kraja <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a> izdane su prve novčanice sa <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlatnom</a> podlogom - zvane u skladu s tradicijom <a href="/wiki/Carska_Rusija" class="mw-redirect" title="Carska Rusija">Carske Rusije</a> - <b>červonci</b> (<i>червонцы</i>), koje su bile konvertibilne. Nakon monetarne reforme provedene od <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1924." title="1924.">1924.</a> plaćanje poreza u naturi u poljoprivredi je zamijenjeno plaćanjem u novcu. Zbog pružanja povoljnijih <a href="/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit">kredita</a> seljacima, osnovana je u veljači <a href="/wiki/1924." title="1924.">1924.</a> Centralna poljoprivredna banka.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NEP je dao iznenađujuće brze rezultate, već se <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a> povećala poljoprivredna proizvodnja i količina sirovina za preradu, oporavila se i industrija. Uz laku postupno je oživjela i teška, tako da je 11. kongres <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Sovjetskog_Saveza" title="Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza">Ruske komunističke partije</a> proglasio fazu defanzive završenom.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Već se <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a> / <a href="/wiki/1923." title="1923.">1923.</a> pripremala ofenziva protiv privatnog poduzetništva i učvršćenje vodeće pozicije javnog (državnog) sektora u svim granama privrede. Za tri godine (od listopada <a href="/wiki/1923." title="1923.">1923.</a> do listopada <a href="/wiki/1926." title="1926.">1926.</a>) udio državnog i zadružnog sektora u ukupnoj razmjeni povećan je s 44 na 76%, istovremeno se udio privatnog sektora smanjio s 41-19%. U industriji, uloga privatnog kapitala od samog početka NEP-a bila je i ostala zanemariva, po popisu industrijskih poduzeća provedenog <a href="/wiki/1925." title="1925.">1925.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1926." title="1926.">1926.</a>, privatna poduzeća su ostvarivala samo 4% ukupne proizvodnje i zapošljavala samo 2,6% radnika. Što se tiče koncesija davanih strancima njih je <a href="/wiki/1925." title="1925.">1925.</a> bilo samo 92, od toga 43 u industriji, u njima je radilo je 54 000 radnika. Udio svih privatnih poduzetnika uključujući i zanatlije bio je <a href="/wiki/1924." title="1924.">1924.</a> / <a href="/wiki/1925." title="1925.">1925.</a> – 24,2%, ali najveći dio njih radili su sami, bez ijednog zaposlenog.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>S druge strane seoske <a href="/wiki/Bur%C5%BEoazija" title="Buržoazija">buržoazije</a> (kulaka) je <a href="/wiki/1924." title="1924.">1924.</a> / <a href="/wiki/1925." title="1925.">1925.</a> bilo samo 3,3 % od svog seljačkog stanovništva, ali je na njihovim posjedima radilo 2 milijuna radnika. Socijalistička sektor u industriji je <a href="/wiki/1925." title="1925.">1925.</a> bio zastupljen sa 73,3%, u trgovini na veliko 87,9%, u trgovini na malo 55,9%. Već <a href="/wiki/1927." title="1927.">1927.</a> udio socijalističkog sektora u industriji popeo se na 86%, a udio privatnih trgovaca u trgovini na malo pao je od 35% na 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sama <a href="/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_partija_Sovjetskog_Saveza" title="Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza">Komunistička partija Sovjetskog Saveza</a> ovaj put na čelu sa Staljinom kao generalnim sekretarom, zaključila je da je NEP bio neophodni korak u izgradnji socijalizma, a da oportunisti nisu razumjeli objektivne ekonomske zakone razvoja proleterske države. Jer su ljevičarski kritičari (Trockisti) vidjeli u NEP-u obnovu kapitalizma i neuspjeh komunističke strategije i taktike, dok se desnim kritičarima sve to činilo premalim zaokretom, pa su predlagali da se privatnom kapitalu dozvoli rad i u velikim industrijama, te sa se odobri prodaja zemljišta i tako privuče strani kapital. Tako je partija dokazala i teorijski i praktični neutemeljenost tih kritika.<sup id="cite_ref-rus_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kraj_NEP-a">Kraj NEP-a</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Kraj NEP-a" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kraj NEP-a"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NEP je u očima same sovjetske vlade bio samo privremeno sredstvo, kako bi se omogućilo privredi da se oporavi, a <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunistima</a> da se učvrste na vlasti. Nakon smrti <a href="/wiki/Lenjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenjin">Lenjina</a> na početku <a href="/wiki/1924." title="1924.">1924.</a> već tijekom <a href="/wiki/1925." title="1925.">1925.</a> jedino je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Buharin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaj Buharin (stranica ne postoji)">Nikolaj Buharin</a> bio i ostao čvrsti pobornik NEP-a, dok je <a href="/wiki/Lav_Trocki" title="Lav Trocki">Lav Trocki</a> postao veliki protivnik, s druge strane <a href="/wiki/Josif_Staljin" title="Josif Staljin">Staljin</a> se držao rezervirano i nije se priklanjao ni jednoj strani.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veliki manjak <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDitarice" title="Žitarice">žitarica</a> za žetava <a href="/wiki/1928." title="1928.">1928.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1929." title="1929.">1929.</a> naveo je novog partijskog <a href="/wiki/Sekretar" title="Sekretar">sekretara</a> <a href="/wiki/Josif_Staljin" title="Josif Staljin">Staljina</a>, da ukine privatne posjede i sprovede masovnu <a href="/wiki/Kolektivizacija" title="Kolektivizacija">kolhozizaciju</a> - odnosno da uvede državnu (društvenu) upravu nad poljoprivrednim zemljištem, nadajući se da će tako uspjeti osigurati dovoljno hrane za industrijsko radništvo po gradovima koji su po njegovim planovima morali značajno porasti.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ova nagla promjena ekonomske politike, dovela je do uništenja nekoliko milijuna poljoprivrednih gazdinstva, i označila kraj NEP-a. Nakon tog uslijedilo je razdoblje do <a href="/wiki/1931." title="1931.">1931.</a> kad su pod državnu kontrolu vraćena svi privatni pogoni i trgovine.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-brit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/411387/New-Economic-Policy-NEP">New Economic Policy (NEP)</a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 5. studenoga 2012.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Economic+Policy+%28NEP%29&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F411387%2FNew-Economic-Policy-NEP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ANova+ekonomska+politika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rus-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/">Новая экономическая политика</a> (<span style="color:#555;">ruski</span>). Большая советская энциклопедия<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 5. prosinca 2012.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslovari.yandex.ru%2F%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%2F%25D0%2591%25D0%25A1%25D0%25AD%2F%25D0%259D%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2520%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ANova+ekonomska+politika" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|url-status=dead</code> zahtijeva <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#deadurl_missing_archive" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_ekonomska_politika&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/411387/New-Economic-Policy-NEP"><i>New Economic Policy (NEP)</i> (na portalu Encyclopedia Britannica)</a> <span style="cursor:help; 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