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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%B0%E1%88%8E%E1%8A%95%E1%89%84_%E1%8B%90%E1%8B%8B%E1%8C%85" title="የተሰሎንቄ ዐዋጅ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተሰሎንቄ ዐዋጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Солунски едикт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Солунски едикт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embann_Theodosius" title="Embann Theodosius – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Embann Theodosius" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edicte_de_Tessal%C3%B2nica" title="Edicte de Tessalònica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edicte de Tessalònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%C5%88sk%C3%BD_edikt" title="Soluňský edikt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soluňský edikt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunctos_populos" title="Cunctos populos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cunctos populos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Έδικτο της Θεσσαλονίκης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έδικτο της Θεσσαλονίκης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edicto_de_Tesal%C3%B3nica" title="Edicto de Tesalónica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edicto de Tesalónica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edikto_de_Tesaloniko" title="Edikto de Tesaloniko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Edikto de Tesaloniko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesalonikako_Ediktua" title="Tesalonikako Ediktua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tesalonikako Ediktua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فرمان تسالونیکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمان تسالونیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dit_de_Thessalonique" title="Édit de Thessalonique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Édit de Thessalonique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edikt_fan_Tessaloniky" title="Edikt fan Tessaloniky – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Edikt fan Tessaloniky" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edicto_de_Tesal%C3%B3nica" title="Edicto de Tesalónica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edicto de Tesalónica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%82%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%B9%B4_%EC%B9%99%EB%A0%B9" title="테살로니카 칙령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테살로니카 칙령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solunski_edikt" title="Solunski edikt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Solunski edikt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maklumat_Tesalonika" title="Maklumat Tesalonika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maklumat Tesalonika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editto_di_Tessalonica" title="Editto di Tessalonica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Editto di Tessalonica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati_ya_Thesalonike" title="Hati ya Thesalonike – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hati ya Thesalonike" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edictum_Thessalonicense" title="Edictum Thessalonicense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Edictum Thessalonicense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesszaloniki_ediktum" title="Thesszaloniki ediktum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thesszaloniki ediktum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didin%27_i_Tesal%C3%B4nika" title="Didin' i Tesalônika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Didin' i Tesalônika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunctos_populos" title="Cunctos populos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cunctos populos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediktet_i_Thessaloniki" title="Ediktet i Thessaloniki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ediktet i Thessaloniki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edykt_tesalo%C5%84ski" title="Edykt tesaloński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edykt tesaloński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dito_de_Tessal%C3%B4nica" title="Édito de Tessalônica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Édito de Tessalônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edictul_de_la_Tesalonic" title="Edictul de la Tesalonic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Edictul de la Tesalonic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Фессалоникийский эдикт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фессалоникийский эдикт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solunski_edikt" title="Solunski edikt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Solunski edikt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solunski_edikt" title="Solunski edikt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Solunski edikt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessalonikalaisedikti" title="Thessalonikalaisedikti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thessalonikalaisedikti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediktet_i_Thessaloniki" title="Ediktet i Thessaloniki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ediktet i Thessaloniki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kautusan_ng_Tesalonica" title="Kautusan ng Tesalonica – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kautusan ng Tesalonica" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selanik_Ferman%C4%B1" title="Selanik Fermanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Selanik Fermanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dit_de_Thessalonique" class="extiw" title="fr:Édit de Thessalonique">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(March 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Édit de Thessalonique]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Édit de Thessalonique}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Edict_of_Thessalonica" title="Talk:Edict of Thessalonica">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Edict of Thessalonica</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Έδικτο της Θεσσαλονίκης), issued on 27 February AD 380 by <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, made <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene Christianity</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">state church of the Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ehler65_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehler65-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It condemned other Christian creeds such as <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> as <a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_Christianity" title="Heresy in Christianity">heresies</a> of "foolish madmen," and authorized their <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">punishment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This edict, addressed to the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> whom <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius</a> wished to pacify in order to make the city his imperial residence, constitutes the first known secular law which includes in its preamble a clear definition of what a Christian Roman ruler considers as <a href="/wiki/Religious_orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious orthodoxy">religious orthodoxy</a>, opening the way of repression against dissidents qualified as "heretics". The Edict of Thessalonica was subsequently incorporated into Book XVI of the <a href="/wiki/Theodosian_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosian code">Theodosian Code</a> and was the milestone of the official <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianization of the Roman Empire">Christianization of the Roman Empire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 313 the emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>, together with his eastern counterpart <a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a>, issued the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a>, which granted <a href="/wiki/Religious_toleration" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious toleration">religious toleration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious freedom">freedom</a> for persecuted Christians. By 325 <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>, a school of <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">christology</a> which contended that Christ did not possess the divine essence of the Father but was rather a primordial creation and an entity subordinate to God, had become sufficiently widespread and controversial in <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> that Constantine called the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Council of Nicaea</a> in an attempt to end the controversy by establishing an empire-wide, i.e., "<a href="/wiki/Ecumenical" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>" <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">orthodoxy</a>. The council produced the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed#Original_Nicene_Creed_of_325" title="Nicene Creed">original text</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a>, which rejected the Arian confession and upheld that Christ is "true God" and "of one essence with the Father."<sup id="cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmpireBay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the strife within the Church did not end with Nicaea, and the Nicene credal formulation remained contentious even among anti-Arian churchmen. Constantine, while urging tolerance, began to think that he had come down on the wrong side, and that the Nicenes—with their fervid, reciprocal persecution of Arians—were actually perpetuating strife within the Church. Constantine was not baptized until he was near death (337), choosing a bishop moderately sympathetic to <a href="/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Nicomedia" title="Eusebius of Nicomedia">Eusebius of Nicomedia</a>, to perform the baptism.<sup id="cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmpireBay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a>, Constantine's son and successor in the eastern empire, was partial to the Arian party, and even exiled pro-Nicene bishops. Constantius' successor <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> (later called "The Apostate" by Christian writers) was the only emperor after the conversion of Constantine to reject Christianity, attempting to fragment the Church and erode its influence by encouraging a revival of religious diversity, calling himself a "<a href="/wiki/Hellenes_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenes (religion)">Hellene</a>" and supporting forms of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic religion</a>. He championed the <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">traditional religious <i>cultus</i> of Rome</a> as well as Judaism, and furthermore declared toleration for all the various unorthodox Christian sects and schismatic movements. Julian's successor <a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a>, a Christian, reigned for only eight months and never entered the city of Constantinople. He was succeeded in the east by <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a>, an Arian.<sup id="cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmpireBay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 379, when Valens was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, Arianism was widespread in the eastern half of the Empire, while the west had remained steadfastly Nicene. Theodosius, who had been born in <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>, was himself a Nicene Christian and very devout. In August, his western counterpart <a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a> promoted persecution of <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heretics</a> in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmpireBay-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Edict of <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Thessalonica</a> was jointly issued by <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, emperor of the East, <a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a>, emperor of the West, and Gratian's junior co-ruler <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a>, on 27 February 380.<sup id="cite_ref-Ehler65_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehler65-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The edict came after Theodosius had been baptized by the bishop <a href="/wiki/Ascholius" title="Ascholius">Ascholius</a> of Thessalonica upon suffering a severe illness in that city.<sup id="cite_ref-Ιερά_Μητρόπολη_Θεσσαλονίκης_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ιερά_Μητρόπολη_Θεσσαλονίκης-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><span class="anchor" id="Text"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>IMPPP. GR(ATI)ANUS, VAL(ENTINI)ANUS ET THE(O)D(OSIUS) AAA. EDICTUM AD POPULUM VRB(IS) CONSTANTINOP(OLITANAE). </p><p><b>Cunctos populos</b>, quos clementiae nostrae regit temperamentum, in tali volumus religione versari, quam divinum Petrum apostolum tradidisse Romanis religio usque ad nunc ab ipso insinuata declarat quamque pontificem Damasum sequi claret et Petrum Aleksandriae episcopum virum apostolicae sanctitatis, hoc est, ut secundum apostolicam disciplinam evangelicamque doctrinam patris et filii et spiritus sancti unam deitatem sub pari maiestate et sub pia trinitate credamus. Hanc legem sequentes Christianorum catholicorum nomen iubemus amplecti, reliquos vero dementes vesanosque iudicantes haeretici dogmatis infamiam sustinere ‘nec conciliabula eorum ecclesiarum nomen accipere’, divina primum vindicta, post etiam motus nostri, quem ex caelesti arbitro sumpserimus, ultione plectendos. </p><p> DAT. III Kal. Mar. THESSAL(ONICAE) GR(ATI)ANO A. V ET THEOD(OSIO) A. I CONSS.</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>EMPERORS GRATIAN, VALENTINIAN AND THEODOSIUS <i><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(honorific)" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus (honorific)">AUGUSTI</a></i>. EDICT TO THE PEOPLE OF <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">CONSTANTINOPLE</a>.<br /> It is our desire that all the various nations which are subject to our Clemency and Moderation, should continue to profess that religion which was delivered to the Romans by the divine <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Peter">Apostle Peter</a>, as it has been preserved by faithful tradition, and which is now professed by the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pontiff</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter II of Alexandria">Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Alexandria">Bishop of Alexandria</a>, a man of <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostolic</a> holiness. According to the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">apostolic teaching</a> and the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>, let us believe in the one deity of the <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>, in equal majesty and in a holy <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>. We order the followers of this law to embrace the name of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_(term)" title="Catholic (term)">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>; but as for the others, since, in our judgment they are foolish madmen, we decree that they shall be branded with the ignominious name of <a href="/wiki/Heretics" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretics">heretics</a>, and shall not presume to give to their conventicles the name of churches. They will suffer in the first place the chastisement of the <a href="/wiki/Last_judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Last judgment">divine condemnation</a> and in the second the punishment of our authority which in accordance with the will of <a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a> we shall decide to inflict.<br /> GIVEN IN THESSALONICA ON THE THIRD DAY FROM THE <a href="/wiki/Calends" title="Calends">CALENDS</a> OF MARCH, DURING THE FIFTH <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">CONSULATE</a> OF GRATIAN AUGUSTUS AND FIRST OF THEODOSIUS AUGUSTUS<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Theodosianus" title="Codex Theodosianus">Codex Theodosianus</a></i>, <a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Codex_Theodosianus_-_Liber_XVI#I.2" class="extiw" title="la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber XVI">xvi.1.2</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The edict was followed in 381 by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a>, which affirmed the Nicene Symbolum and gave final form to the <a href="/wiki/Nicene-Constantinopolitan_Creed" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed">Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Roman Christianity">Ancient Roman Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianization of the Roman Empire">Christianization of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_late_ancient_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="History of late ancient Christianity">History of late ancient Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_pagans_in_the_late_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire">Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Edict is the first which definitely introduces catholic <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">orthodoxy</a> as the established religion of the Roman State. It marks the end of the fourth-century religious controversy on the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>, occasioned by <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> and calling forth definitions of orthodox dogma by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> (325) and the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a> (381). Acknowledgment of the true doctrine of the Trinity is made the test of State recognition. The citation of the Roman See as the yardstick of correct belief is significant; bracketing of the name of the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a> with that of the Pope was due to the Egyptian See's stalwart defence of the Trinitarian position, particularly under <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a>. The last sentence of the Edict indicates that the Emperors contemplate the use of physical force in the service of orthodoxy; this is the first recorded instance of such a departure.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Church and State Through the Centuries</i>, ed. Ehler and Morrall</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>World Encyclopaedia of Interfaith Studies: World religions</i>. Jnanada Prakashan. 2009. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7139-280-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7139-280-3">978-81-7139-280-3</a>. <q>In the most common sense, "mainstream" refers to Nicene Christianity, or rather the traditions which continue to claim adherence to the Nicene Creed.</q></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pahner p. 378</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ehler65-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ehler65_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ehler65_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhlerMorrall1967" class="citation book cs1">Ehler, Sidney Zdeneck; Morrall, John B (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2WuMyEzani8C&pg=PA6"><i>Church and State Through the Centuries: A Collection of Historic Documents with Commentaries</i></a>. p. 6-7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8196-0189-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8196-0189-6"><bdi>978-0-8196-0189-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160515193906/https://books.google.com/books?id=2WuMyEzani8C&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-28</span></span>. <q>This Edict is the first which definitely introduces Catholic orthodoxy as the established religion of the Roman world. [...] Acknowledgment of the true doctrine of the Trinity is made the test of State recognition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+and+State+Through+the+Centuries%3A+A+Collection+of+Historic+Documents+with+Commentaries&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-8196-0189-6&rft.aulast=Ehler&rft.aufirst=Sidney+Zdeneck&rft.au=Morrall%2C+John+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2WuMyEzani8C%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdict+of+Thessalonica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/edict-thessalonica">"The Edict of Thessalonica | History Today"</a>. <i>www.historytoday.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historytoday.com&rft.atitle=The+Edict+of+Thessalonica+%7C+History+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fmonths-past%2Fedict-thessalonica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdict+of+Thessalonica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EmpireBay-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EmpireBay_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams & Friell, (1994) pp. 46–53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ιερά_Μητρόπολη_Θεσσαλονίκης-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ιερά_Μητρόπολη_Θεσσαλονίκης_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imth.gr/default.aspx?lang=el-GR&loc=1&&page=147&saintid=33">"Ἀχόλιος ἢ Ἀσχόλιος ἐπίσκοπος Θεσσαλονίκης"</a>. Ιερά Μητρόπολη Θεσσαλονίκης. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924104545/http://www.imth.gr/default.aspx?lang=el-GR&loc=1&&page=147&saintid=33">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E1%BC%88%CF%87%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%E1%BC%A2+%E1%BC%88%CF%83%CF%87%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%E1%BC%90%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.pub=%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC+%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7+%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imth.gr%2Fdefault.aspx%3Flang%3Del-GR%26loc%3D1%26%26page%3D147%26saintid%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdict+of+Thessalonica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Codex Theodosianus XVI.1.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyd (1905), p. 45</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd1905" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, William Kenneth (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticale00kenngoog"><i>The Ecclesiastical Edicts of the Theodosian Code</i></a>. Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecclesiastical+Edicts+of+the+Theodosian+Code&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=William+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fecclesiasticale00kenngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdict+of+Thessalonica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="6" class="citation book cs1">Ehler, Sidney Zdeneck; Morrall, John B (1967). <i>Church and State Through the Centuries: A Collection of Historic Documents with Commentaries</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8196-0189-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8196-0189-6"><bdi>978-0-8196-0189-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+and+State+Through+the+Centuries%3A+A+Collection+of+Historic+Documents+with+Commentaries&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-8196-0189-6&rft.aulast=Ehler&rft.aufirst=Sidney+Zdeneck&rft.au=Morrall%2C+John+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdict+of+Thessalonica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusonMcHughNorris1999" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Everett; McHugh, Michael P.; Norris, Frederick W. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kgRV7QohACcC"><i>Encyclopedia of Early Christianity</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-3319-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-3319-6"><bdi>0-8153-3319-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Early+Christianity&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8153-3319-6&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Everett&rft.au=McHugh%2C+Michael+P.&rft.au=Norris%2C+Frederick+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkgRV7QohACcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdict+of+Thessalonica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsFriell1994" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Stephen; Friell, Gerard (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8kiJj92F-YkC"><i>Theodosius: The Empire at Bay</i></a>. B.T. Batsford Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-06173-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-06173-0"><bdi>0-300-06173-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theodosius%3A+The+Empire+at+Bay&rft.pub=B.T.+Batsford+Ltd&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-300-06173-0&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Friell%2C+Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8kiJj92F-YkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdict+of+Thessalonica" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&oldid=1262568584">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edict_of_Thessalonica&oldid=1262568584</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:380" title="Category:380">380</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:380s_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Category:380s in the Roman Empire">380s in the Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_Christianity" title="Category:4th-century Christianity">4th-century Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Religion in the Byzantine Empire">Religion in the Byzantine Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_Roman_Macedonia" title="Category:Christianity in Roman Macedonia">Christianity in Roman Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edicts" title="Category:Edicts">Edicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_politics" title="Category:Religion and politics">Religion and politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Thessalonica" title="Category:Roman Thessalonica">Roman Thessalonica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theodosius_I" title="Category:Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia" title="Category:History articles needing translation from French Wikipedia">History articles needing translation from French Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 December 2024, at 01:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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