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alt="" /></div> <div class="contenedor"> <h1>Com el zooplàncton impulsa els cicles del planeta?</h1> <div class="text-curt"></div> </div> <div class="image_caption_hover-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="category-date"> <span class="category-divulcat"><a href="/divulcat/divulcat/categories/Ciencies-ambientals" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel">Ciències ambientals</a></span><span class="date-divulcat">12/09/2024</span><span class="date-divulcat"><a href="/divulcat/user/86452" target="_blank">Albert Calbet</a> </span> </div></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="center-wrapper"> <div class="panel-col-first panel-panel"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-entity-field pane-node-field-etiquetes col col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 tags-divulcat" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-name-field-etiquetes field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/divulcat/divulcat/etiquetes/plancton" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel">plàncton</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/divulcat/divulcat/etiquetes/canvi-climatic" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel">canvi climàtic</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/divulcat/divulcat/etiquetes/biodiversitat" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel">biodiversitat</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/divulcat/divulcat/etiquetes/nutrients" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel">nutrients</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/divulcat/divulcat/etiquetes/ocea" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel">oceà</a></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-views pane-divulcat-post-pager" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-divulcat-post-pager view-id-divulcat_post_pager view-display-id-block view-dom-id-76d20b1cac35db377350c05019ce36b1"> <div class="view-content"> <ul class="entity_pager count_word_many"> <li class="entity_pager_prev"> <a href="/divulcat/El-conte-de-la-Reina-Vermella-i-el-plancton"><img src="/sites/default/files/entity-pager-prev.png"></a> </li> <li class="entity_pager_all_link"> <a href="/divulcat/">Home</a> </li> <li class="entity_pager_next"> <a href="/divulcat/Buscant-plancton-alienigena-en-les-profunditats-dels-nostres-oceans"><img src="/sites/default/files/entity-pager-next.png"></a> </li> <li class="entity_pager_count"> 3 of <span class="total">60</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-views pane-header-post-divulcat" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-header-post-divulcat view-id-header_post_divulcat view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-2905098fed1427d527417cf2621b6e58"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-nothing"> <span class="field-content"><div class="closeimagen"> <a href="/user/86452"><img src="/sites/default/files/close-post.png"></a> </div></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-entity-field pane-node-body" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Imagineu els oceans de la Terra com un gran centre de reciclatge, on elements com el carboni, el nitrogen i el fòsfor es transformen constantment i es mouen entre els éssers vius i l’ambient. El zooplàncton actua com a petits engranatges en aquesta maquinària complexa, influint en aquests cicles d’una manera fascinant.</p> <h2>Mestres del reciclatge de nutrients inorgànics</h2> <p>Com ja sabeu, el zooplàncton s’alimenta, entre altres coses, de <strong>fitoplàncton</strong>, les algues microscòpiques que formen la base de la xarxa tròfica marina. Aquest consum no només controla les poblacions de fitoplàncton, sinó que també, mitjançant l’excreció i les restes de l’alimentació, recicla nutrients vitals com el nitrogen i el fòsfor, fent-los disponibles per al fitoplàncton nou. Els nutrients alliberats es tornen fàcilment disponibles per al creixement de nou fitoplàncton, alimentant la base mateixa de la xarxa tròfica. És un cicle autosuficient, un bucle continu de vida i nutrició orquestrat per aquests petits mestres del reciclatge. Òbviament, hi ha pèrdues en cada bucle, cosa que fa necessària la incorporació de nous nutrients mitjançant, per exemple, la surgència d’aigües profundes o la fixació atmosfèrica (N<sub>2</sub>). El reciclatge del zooplàncton sol ser més important en zones pobres en nutrients, com els girs subtropicals oligotròfics, que cobreixen una àmplia extensió dels oceans.</p> <h2>Transportistes de carboni</h2> <p>Quan el zooplàncton s’alimenta, no només absorbeix nutrients; també emmagatzema carboni. Una part serà defecada i reciclada a la columna d’aigua o s’assentarà a les capes més profundes de l’oceà, depenent majoritàriament de l’espècie, les condicions físiques i la mida dels paquets fecals produïts. A més, a mesura que creixen i finalment moren, els cossos del zooplàncton de major mida s’enfonsen a l’oceà profund, emportant-se amb ells aquest carboni capturat (i altres nutrients). Aquest procés, anomenat la <a href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/divulcat/La-bomba-biologica-marina"><strong>bomba biològica</strong></a>, té un paper vital en la regulació del clima de la Terra en eliminar diòxid de carboni de l’atmosfera.</p> <p>Imagineu milions de submarins microscòpics, cadascun carregat de carboni capturat, enfonsant-se elegantment a l’oceà profund. A mesura que viatgen més profundament, la pressió circumdant augmenta, transformant els seus fràgils cossos en flocs rics en carboni. Aquestes partícules de "neu marina" transporten la seva preciosa càrrega lluny de l’atmosfera, tancant-la a la freda abraçada de l’oceà profund durant segles, fins i tot mil·lennis. Aquest notable procés ajuda a regular el clima de la Terra eliminant de manera efectiva quantitats importants de diòxid de carboni de l’atmosfera. Igual que plantar arbres a terra, aquestes petites criatures lluiten contra el canvi climàtic, de mica en mica. De fet, vaig llegir, encara que no recordo on, que si tot el carboni capturat pel zooplàncton cada any s’emmagatzemés a terra, cobriria tota l’illa de Groenlàndia amb una capa d’arbres de 10 metres d’alçada! Suposo, però, que aquesta estimació no tenia en compte l’autoconsum. De fet, pensem que tot i que l’oceà captura immenses quantitats de carboni en forma de CO<sub>2</sub>, i una bona part (10-40%) del carboni produït i acumulat per les algues cau fora de la zona fòtica, només un petit percentatge d’aquesta producció (aprox. 1%) arriba als fons oceànics; la majoria és consumit i reciclat durant la caiguda als averns. Aquest viatge també beneficia les profunditats marines, doncs. A mesura que la neu marina es descompon, allibera el carboni i els nutrients capturats, alimentant ecosistemes de les profunditats marines que, d’altra manera, no existirien. Aquestes comunitats, al seu torn, tenen un paper crucial en el manteniment de la salut i l’equilibri general de l’oceà.</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img alt="marine_snow.jpeg" src="/divulcat/sites/default/files/86452/marine_snow.jpeg" style="height:800px; width:800px" /></p> <p style="text-align:center"><em>Neu marina arribant al fons de l’oceà - Imatge generada per IA. Albert Calbet</em></p> <h2>Campions de la biodiversitat</h2> <p>Una comunitat de zooplàncton diversa és una comunitat sana. En donar suport a una varietat d’espècies de zooplàncton, assegurem un ecosistema robust i resilient que pugui adaptar-se a les condicions ambientals canviants. Igual que una selva tropical sana prospera gràcies a la varietat de vida vegetal i animal, un oceà necessita una multitud d’espècies de zooplàncton. Cada una aporta les seves pròpies habilitats i preferències úniques, amb un paper específic en la xarxa interconnectada de la vida. Considereu-los els especialistes de l’oceà, cadascun omplint un nínxol i contribuint a la salut i resiliència general de l’ecosistema.</p> <p>Aquesta diversitat funcional és crítica per a un oceà resilient. Igual que una cartera financera amb inversions diverses, una comunitat de zooplàncton amb diverses espècies redueix el risc de col·lapse generalitzat davant de pertorbacions imprevistes. Si una espècie té dificultats, una altra pot intervenir-hi i assumir el seu paper, mantenint el delicat equilibri de l’ecosistema.</p> <p>A més, una comunitat diversa de zooplàncton proporciona una gamma més àmplia de fonts d’alimentació per a nivells tròfics superiors, des de peixos fins a balenes. Aquesta major diversitat de preses condueix a poblacions de depredadors més saludables i una xarxa alimentària més robusta, cosa que en última instància contribueix a un sistema oceànic pròsper.</p> <p>Però igual que la selva tropical que s’enfronta a la desforestació, les comunitats de zooplàncton estan amenaçades. La contaminació, la degradació de l’hàbitat i la sobrepesca poden contribuir a la disminució de la biodiversitat. Protegir aquests petits titans és crucial per mantenir la salut general dels nostres oceans i garantir un futur estable per a la vida marina.</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img alt="micro_meso.jpg" src="/divulcat/sites/default/files/86452/micro_meso.jpg" style="height:800px; width:800px" /></p> <p style="text-align:center"><em>Exemples d’integrants del zooplàncton que mostren la seva diversitat de formes i funcions - Imatge: © Albert Calbet</em></p> <h2>Sentinelles del canvi climàtic</h2> <p>A mesura que el clima de la Terra canvia, l’oceà ho sent primer. Les comunitats de zooplàncton són sensibles a aquests canvis, i les variacions en la seva abundància i distribució serveixen de senyals d’alerta primerenca de problemes. Estudiar aquestes petites criatures pot ajudar-nos a comprendre com respon el nostre planeta al canvi climàtic i predir els impactes futurs.</p> <p>Imagineu l’oceà com un món vast i interconnectat que respon silenciosament als subtils canvis del clima del nostre planeta. Mentre que els canvis a terra poden ser fàcilment evidents, els primers símptomes sovint es fan sentir profundament dins del regne aquàtic. I quin és el detector sensible a aquests símptomes? El petit però poderós zooplàncton. Penseu-hi com els canaris a la mina de carbó de l’oceà, no cantant, sinó modificant silenciosament el seu comportament en resposta als canvis ambientals.</p> <p>Les fluctuacions de temperatura, acidesa i fins i tot la disponibilitat del seu aliment —el fitoplàncton— poden desencadenar ones en les poblacions de zooplàncton. Aquestes ones es manifesten en canvis d’abundància i distribució. Algunes espècies poden prosperar en aigües més càlides, mentre que d’altres lluiten. Algunes poblacions poden migrar cap als pols, buscant condicions més adequades. Aquestes alteracions, aparentment subtils, expliquen una història poderosa, actuant com a senyals d’alerta primerenca de possibles problemes que s’estan gestant a l’oceà.</p> <p>Estudiar aquests sentinelles del canvi climàtic ens permet obtenir informació valuosa sobre la salut de l’oceà i predir futurs impactes. En monitorar les seves poblacions, els científics poden identificar zones on l’oceà és especialment vulnerable a l’escalfament, l’acidificació o altres canvis provocats pel clima. Aquest coneixement ens proporciona un temps valuós per actuar i mitigar els danys potencials. En aquest sentit, les iniciatives de ciència ciutadana permeten als individus participar en la recopilació de dades valuoses sobre l’abundància i la distribució del zooplàncton.</p> <p>Així que, la pròxima vegada que admireu la immensitat de l’oceà, recordeu l’exèrcit invisible de zooplàncton que treballa incansablement sota la superfície. Potser són petits, però el seu impacte al nostre planeta és realment gegantesc!</p> </div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-views-panes pane-divulcat-drets-autor-panel-pane-1" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-divulcat-drets-autor view-id-divulcat_drets_autor view-display-id-panel_pane_1 view-dom-id-7bac8b6febd9cb5bd317cd96f7dacadb"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <span class="views-field views-field-field-image-cc"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/" target="_blank"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/divulcat/sites/default/files/styles/image_copyright/public/cc_by-nc-nd.png?itok=NQKWKMxs" width="143" height="50" alt="" /></a></span> </span> <span class="views-field views-field-field-copyright-text"> <span class="field-content"></span> </span> </div> </div> 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