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href="https://give.calmatters.org/campaign/615595/donate?c_src=website&c_src2=header"><span>🤍</span> Donate</a></div></nav></div></header><main><div class="wp-site-blocks wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull dd/hero-slim is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow" style="padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0"><section class="_6040fj0"><div class="_6040fj1"><div class="_6040fj2 pptvpv0 _9292so3"> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" data-wp-block="{"align":"full","style":{"spacing":{"padding":{"top":"0","bottom":"0","left":"0","right":"0"}}},"layout":{"type":"constrained","contentSize":"650px","justifyContent":"left"},"tagName":"div"}" data-wp-block-name="core/group" style="padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0"> <div class="wp-block-group has-aqua-100-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" data-wp-block="{"style":{"spacing":{"padding":{"top":"var:preset|spacing|xl","bottom":"var:preset|spacing|xl","left":"var:preset|spacing|xl","right":"var:preset|spacing|xl"}}},"backgroundColor":"aqua-100","layout":{"type":"constrained"},"tagName":"div"}" data-wp-block-name="core/group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl)"> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp4 wp-block-heading alignfull"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h1 aria-level="1" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Data Sources & Methodology</h1></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Our methodology page is intended to explain the parts of Digital Democracy — how our data is collected and where it comes from, the time periods reflected in the data, our efforts to establish the quality of the data and the limitations in using the data for analysis. For information about the purpose and mission of Digital Democracy, please see our “<a class="_16r4rv00" href="/about-digital-democracy">About</a>” page.</p> </div> </div> </div></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 1066 1214" class="_6040fj3"><path fill="#7ADBD4" d="m797.357 367.665-51.769-120.011-522.942 555.842 51.769 120.011 522.942-555.842Z"></path><path fill="#49BBCF" d="m743.572 250.048-51.769-120.011-520.699 553.978 51.769 120.011 520.699-553.978Z"></path><path fill="#009ABF" d="M693.546 130.538 641.777 10.526 119.566 564.532l51.769 120.011 522.211-554.004Z"></path><path fill="#0075A9" d="m400.122 439.745 32.495-206.212-313.054 330.999 51.769 120.011 228.79-244.798Z"></path><path fill="#009ABF" d="m171.22 684.278 51.655 119.746 140.739-168.878 36.466-194.755-228.86 243.887Z"></path><path fill="#FD0" d="M275.209 925.359 223.44 805.348l789.88.583 51.77 120.011-789.881-.583Z"></path><path fill="#FCBD29" d="m223.671 805.874-51.769-120.011 790.173.085 51.765 120.011-790.169-.085Z"></path><path fill="#FF9E18" d="m172.128 686.392-51.769-120.011 787.987.899 51.769 120.011-787.987-.899Z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 1124 464" class="_6040fj4"><path fill="#7ADBD4" d="m825.552-277.623-100.397-98.225-293.379 765.859 100.397 98.225 293.379-765.859Z"></path><path fill="#49BBCF" d="M724.126-372.645 623.728-470.87 331.821 292.221l100.397 98.224 291.908-763.09Z"></path><path fill="#009ABF" d="M625.667-471.083 525.27-569.308 231.868 194.426l100.397 98.225 293.402-763.734Z"></path><path fill="#0075A9" d="m459.961-44.02-51.752-218.285-176.343 456.733 100.398 98.225L459.961-44.019Z"></path><path fill="#009ABF" d="m332.044 292.434 100.176 98.008 71.095-225.29-43.134-208.513-128.137 335.795Z"></path><path fill="#FD0" d="m533.722 489.753-100.397-98.225L1218.95 70.113l100.4 98.225-785.628 321.415Z"></path><path fill="#FCBD29" d="m433.765 391.959-100.397-98.225 785.712-322.03 100.4 98.226-785.715 322.029Z"></path><path fill="#FF9E18" d="m333.811 294.167-100.397-98.225 783.876-320.329 100.39 98.225-783.869 320.329Z"></path></svg></section></div> <div class="wp-block-group has-gray-010-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" data-wp-block="{"style":{"spacing":{"padding":{"top":"var:preset|spacing|m","bottom":"var:preset|spacing|m","left":"var:preset|spacing|xl","right":"var:preset|spacing|xl"}}},"backgroundColor":"gray-010","layout":{"type":"constrained"},"tagName":"div"}" data-wp-block-name="core/group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--m);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--m);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl)"> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp8 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h5 aria-level="5" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Table of contents</h5></div></div></div> <div data-wp-block-name="core/columns" data-wp-block="{"isStackedOnMobile":true}" class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div data-wp-block-name="core/column" data-wp-block="{"layout":{"type":"constrained"}}" class="wp-block-column has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained"> <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#data-sources">Data sources</a></li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#understanding-our-data">Understanding our Data</a></li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#transcripts">Transcripts</a></li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#legislation">Legislation</a></li> </ul> </div> <div data-wp-block-name="core/column" data-wp-block="{"layout":{"type":"constrained"}}" class="wp-block-column has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained"> <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#financial-transactions">Financial transactions</a></li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#district-data">District Data</a></li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="{"className":"styled"}" class="styled"><a class="_16r4rv00 _16r4rv01" href="/data-sources-methodology#legislator-information">Legislator information</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" data-wp-block="{"style":{"spacing":{"padding":{"top":"var:preset|spacing|xl","bottom":"var:preset|spacing|xl"}}},"layout":{"type":"constrained"},"tagName":"div"}" data-wp-block-name="core/group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl)"> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="data-sources"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Data sources</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The database created by Digital Democracy is unprecedented. It combines a variety of information and data from throughout state government that is publicly available, but isolated and difficult to access. This database combines these related data sources so they can be compared to reveal relationships, patterns and aberrations in the Legislature and the policy-making process. </p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The database includes four categories of information:</p> <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Transcripts: </strong>Every word uttered in a public hearing or floor session is captured in the database. <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">This data is often available on Digital Democracy within 48 hours of a hearing. </li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">By April 2024, the archive of transcripts will span from January 2023 to present. </li> </ul> </li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Bill information: </strong>The database includes the text of every bill, amendments, bill analysis, vote, supporters and opponents. <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">This data is available within hours or days of when a bill is introduced or amended and as it proceeds through committee and floor votes</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Digital Democracy includes this bill information since 2013</li> </ul> </li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Financial information</strong> including campaign donations, independent expenditures, political party spending, gifts, travel and behests. <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Data for campaign donations, independent expenditures and political party spending cover the period from 2013 to 2023 with periodic updates from <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.followthemoney.org/">Open Secrets</a>.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Data for gifts to legislators and sponsored travel is filed annually to the Fair Political Practices Commission. Digital Democracy contains this data since 2022.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Behests, or payments made to third parties at the request of a legislator, is required to be posted within a month of the payment. The Digital Democracy database is updated daily with a record of payments to 2013. </li> </ul> </li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>District data</strong> including voter registration, election results and demographics. <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Data about voter registration is provided by the California <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.sos.ca.gov/">Secretary of State</a>. Digital Democracy includes data from 2022.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Election results are updated after each election.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Demographic data is drawn from the US Census Bureau’s <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs">American Community Survey</a>. The Digital Democracy data is from 2022. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="understanding-our-data"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Understanding our data</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">One of the greatest challenges in using data to create transparency in state government is that there is no standardized identification required when a person, organization or company testifies in a public hearing or donates money to a campaign. </p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">As a result, it’s difficult to know if the “Bob Smith” who testified in 2023 is the same “Bob Smith” who testified in 2024. Similarly, we may have information under different versions of the same entity like “ACLU” versus “American Civil Liberties Union,” or different subgroups such as “Association for Commuter Transportation” versus “Association for Commuter Transportation, Southern California Chapter.” These entities are the same for our data analysis. Conversely, entities such as “US Chamber of Commerce” and “San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce” are not the same organization or have a parent/chapter relationship even if they sound similar. </p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Digital Democracy uses technology and human judgment to discern how these data points should be recorded and linked to other records. For example, we use facial recognition technology and human review to help us understand if “Bob Smith” in 2023 is the same person as “Bob Smith” in 2024. Artificial intelligence combined with human review also helps us understand which entities are related and which are not when they have similar names.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Even with the technology and human review, the database is still not precise. For that reason, a name typed into a search bar may still return no results or too many similar results. As we develop Digital Democracy, we will continue to improve the quality of the database. The technology we use is also evolving rapidly and becoming more efficient. But without an identification system for donors or those who testify, the database will always be imprecise and the results of a search or analysis should be considered with that context.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The problems with identification are found throughout the Digital Democracy database and website. In the transcripts, the name of a speaker may not be captured accurately if it is mumbled by the speaker, misspelled by the transcription program or improperly captured due to human error. The inconsistency in names — for people, organizations or companies — also means that some financial transactions may not be captured correctly. </p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The challenge is important for Digital Democracy because this unique database is designed to capture and compare all of the interactions of a person or organization that are recorded in a variety of isolated and separate sources. For example, a Digital Democracy search for Chevron should reveal information from the Secretary of State’s office about lobbyists the company employs and donations the company has made to legislators; testimony by a company representative from the transcript of a hearing; data about gifts or travel or behests involving a legislator from forms at the Fair Political Practices Commission and positions on bills from the California Legislative Information website. That broad analysis requires an accurate match within the Digital Democracy database of dozens of Chevron data points created over several years by separate offices.</p> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="transcripts"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Transcripts</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Under <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_California_Proposition_54">Proposition 54</a> in 2016, the state Senate and <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.assembly.ca.gov/media-archive">Assembly</a> are required to videotape public hearings and floor sessions and to post the video online within 24 hours. Digital Democracy sends the video to an online transcription service that uses artificial intelligence to transcribe the audio within a few hours. Speech-to-text technology is far from perfect, however, even with the latest advances in AI. In many applications, a 10% or 20% error rate is common. </p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">To significantly improve the quality of the transcript, a team of Digital Democracy contractors review each transcript to correct errors. Speakers are also identified with facial recognition technology, but human editors confirm the identification and link speakers to related information about that person in the database. To increase accuracy, the names of legislators and registered lobbyists are hard-coded into the program. To a limited extent, we use internet searches to identify some other speakers. </p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Videos are also cut into smaller segments corresponding to bill discussions. Each segment of video and the corresponding transcript are indexed so that a search can precisely identify bill discussions, speaker quotes or keywords.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The human editing process takes at least two hours of review for every hour of video. In all, when Digital Democracy launched in March 2024, more than 1,600 hours of video were processed and more than 12,000 individuals were identified and stored in the database. </p> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="legislation"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Legislation</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The database captures information about the policy-making process from the <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/">California Legislative Information</a> website, also known as “Leginfo.” That data includes the text of bills and amendments, committee and floor votes, bill analysis, supporters and opponents who registered official positions, governor vetoes, a history of a bill’s progress and the current status of the bill.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The Leginfo data can be seen in several places on the Digital Democracy website:</p> <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Legislator pages:</strong> This is used to create a “bill activity” graphic that displays how many bills a legislator has authored and how many have passed or failed. It is also used to display all of the bills authored by each legislator.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Bill pages: </strong>There is a web page for every bill introduced in the Legislature that draws data from Leginfo including text, status, analysis, votes, supporters and opponents.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Hearing pages:</strong> Web pages for each public hearing include data from leginfo about legislation considered in the hearing.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Topic pages: </strong>The web pages focused on six major state topics including data from Leginfo about all of the current bills related to that topic.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]"><strong>Search directories: </strong>The data from Leginfo also appears on directory pages produced by search queries.</li> </ul> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="financial-transactions"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Financial transactions</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">We consider two categories of financial information: money given to help a candidate win an election and financial transactions involving an incumbent legislator, which we describe as “influence.” </p> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="election-money"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp6 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h3 aria-level="3" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Election money</h3></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Political campaigns in California have to disclose their contributors to the Secretary of State. The data contains some information about the donor, the date of the payment, and the amount of money. However, categorizing political donations by economic sector can be difficult. What categories should be used? Is a company like Tesla a car company or a tech company? What about delivery services like DoorDash? Amazon?</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">CalMatters uses categories identified by <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.followthemoney.org/">OpenSecrets</a>, a national nonprofit dedicated to comprehensive, nonpartisan analysis of political donations to state and federal officeholders. Open Secrets, previously known as Follow the Money, has been a trusted source of campaign finance data for decades and is widely cited by major media organizations. In California, OpenSecrets gets updates at least twice a year from the Secretary of State, processes the data, and then gives it to CalMatters.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">The categorization system divides the entire economy into 20 sectors. Each of those sectors is divided into industries, which are further segmented into 438 total business categories. There is a catch-all sector called “Uncoded” which are contributions that have yet to be categorized.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Because the data can have nuances (such as different name spellings, the inclusion of middle initials, or a slightly different version of the company name) all of this categorization is done by a person, either at OpenSecrets or at CalMatters. We go contributor by contributor and do our best to accurately capture the main economic interest of that person, company, or organization.</p> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="influence"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp6 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h3 aria-level="3" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Influence</h3></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">We describe financial transactions with an incumbent legislator as influence. Influence is divided into three subcategories: gifts, sponsored travel and behests. The data is contained on the <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/about/#cm-ld-about__section-data-contact">Form 700</a>, which legislators submit annually to the Fair Political Practices Commission. They are required to disclose stock, property, and business interests as well as any gifts they received or any trips they took at somebody else’s expense.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">We display data about influence money on the pages for each legislator including: </p> <ul data-wp-block-name="core/list" data-wp-block="{"ordered":false,"values":""}" class="wp-block-list"> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Personal gifts: Legislators are not allowed to accept gifts of more than $10 per month from registered lobbyists. Gifts from any other single source are limited to $590 in a calendar year.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Sponsored travel: Legislators are allowed to have their expenses paid for domestic and international travel that is related to their work including, for example, trips to conferences or to tour places facing issues similar to California. There is no limit on the amount of travel expenses a legislator can accept. The trips are often funded by companies or organizations with interest in state policy.</li> <li data-wp-block-name="core/list-item" data-wp-block="[]">Behests: These are unlimited payments made “at the behest” — or request — of a legislator to a third party. The behest might involve, for example, a legislator requesting a donation be made to a school district or a job fair. Sometimes the behested payments are made to a <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://calmatters.org/projects/california-lawmaker-nonprofits-politics-charity-campaign-finance-foundation-dark-money/">charity run by the legislator</a> that might host networking events, retreats, conferences and other activities. Behests must be reported if they exceed $5,000 from a single source in a year.</li> </ul> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="ideology"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Ideology</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Is it really possible to depict a person’s political ideology in all of its nuance and complexity with a single number? Of course it isn’t. But by looking at how often certain legislators vote with one another, we’ve come up with a starting point to give readers a better sense of how lawmakers stack up.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">To do it, we gathered all the “aye” and “no” votes from every assembly member and state senator from the last legislative session. That includes floor session votes, but also votes in committee. After excluding resolutions, which are just procedural or symbolic, we were left with 18,616 separate roll calls to analyze. We then fed that long list of votes into <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.voteview.com/about">software</a> written by political scientists at UCLA, USC, the University of Georgia and Rice to come up with a measure of ideological “distance” — how close or far apart different lawmakers are to one another based on their voting behavior.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">An example: San Francisco’s Phil Ting and San Diego’s Chris Ward, both liberal Democrats, voted together about 96% of the time in a previous session. Contrast that with Fresno Republican Jim Patterson, whose votes overlapped Ting’s only 63% of the time. Feed those patterns through the software and Ting and Ward are ideological neighbors whereas Patterson lives on the far side of town from both of them.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">That “distance” is assigned a number between -1 and 1, but we converted it from 0 to 100, with all the liberals clustered around 0 and the conservatives at the top of the range.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Political scientists have been tinkering with some version of this method, called NOMINATE, since the early 1980’s. You can read more about how we’ve used this method in the past <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://calmatters.org/politics/2019/09/california-legislators-political-spectrum-maps-charts-data/">here</a>.</p> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="district-data"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">District data</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">District demographics for race/ethnicity, median household income, median age, poverty rate and educational attainment come from the <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs">U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey</a>.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Election results data come from the California Secretary of State’s <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/statistics">Elections Statistics</a>.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">District map boundaries data come from the <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://statewidedatabase.org/geography.html">Statewide Database</a>.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">District partisanship — whether a district is considered safe Democrat, safe Republican or competitive — is based on an analysis by CalMatters reporters looking at voter registration data, election results from the <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.sos.ca.gov/">Secretary of State</a> and other information.</p> <div class="_6gyodp0 _6gyodp1" id="legislator-information"><div class="_6gyodp3 _6gyodp5 wp-block-heading"><div class="_6gyodpb"><h2 aria-level="2" class="_6gyodpe" role="heading">Legislator information</h2></div></div></div> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Contact information comes from the official California state <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.senate.ca.gov/senators">Senate</a> and <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.senate.ca.gov/senators">Assembly</a> websites.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Social media information comes from CalMatters data collection.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Legislator gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, birth dates, birthplaces and residence data came from CalMatters data collection from elected official offices, the <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://data.ca.gov/dataset/demographics-in-the-california-legislature/resource/9dc0c75b-5a89-483f-9590-ec41bfe26882">California State Library</a> and <a class="_16r4rv00" href="https://www.politicaldata.com/">Political Data Inc</a>.</p> <p data-wp-block-name="core/paragraph" data-wp-block="{"dropCap":false}">Legislators background data come from official ballots on the California Secretary of State <a class="_16r4rv00" 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--\u003e"},"themeJSON":{},"fallback":{"#url:\"/wp-json/wp/v2/posts\",args:#sourceUrl:\"https://wp.digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org\",slug:\"data-sources-methodology\",postType:@\"page\",,_embed:true,,":{"result":{"id":52742,"date":"2024-01-03T22:06:04","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T22:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"https://wp.digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/?page_id=52742"},"modified":"2024-11-14T15:24:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T23:24:06","slug":"data-sources-methodology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https://wp.digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/data-sources-methodology","title":{"rendered":"Data Sources \u0026#038; Methodology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/group\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;align\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;full\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;dd\\/hero-slim\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;style\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;spacing\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;padding\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;right\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;left\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;top\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;bottom\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;}}},\u0026quot;layout\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;type\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;default\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;tagName\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;div\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-group alignfull dd/hero-slim is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/group\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;align\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;full\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;style\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;spacing\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;padding\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;top\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;bottom\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;left\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;right\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;0\u0026quot;}}},\u0026quot;layout\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;type\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;constrained\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;contentSize\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;650px\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;justifyContent\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;left\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;tagName\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;div\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/group\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;style\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;spacing\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;padding\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;top\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;bottom\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;left\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;right\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;}}},\u0026quot;backgroundColor\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;aqua-100\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;layout\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;type\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;constrained\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;tagName\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;div\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-group has-aqua-100-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl)\"\u003e\n\u003ch1 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:1,\u0026quot;align\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;full\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-heading alignfull\"\u003eData Sources \u0026amp; Methodology\u003c/h1\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eOur methodology page is intended to explain the parts of Digital Democracy — how our data is collected and where it comes from, the time periods reflected in the data, our efforts to establish the quality of the data and the limitations in using the data for analysis. For information about the purpose and mission of Digital Democracy, please see our “\u003ca href=\"https://wp.digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/about-digital-democracy\"\u003eAbout\u003c/a\u003e” page.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/group\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;style\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;spacing\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;padding\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;top\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|m\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;bottom\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|m\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;left\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;right\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;}}},\u0026quot;backgroundColor\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;gray-010\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;layout\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;type\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;constrained\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;tagName\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;div\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-group has-gray-010-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--m);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--m);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl)\"\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:5}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eTable of contents\u003c/h5\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/columns\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;isStackedOnMobile\u0026quot;:true}\" class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/column\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;layout\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;type\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;constrained\u0026quot;}}\" class=\"wp-block-column has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"\u003e\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#data-sources\"\u003eData sources\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#understanding-our-data\"\u003eUnderstanding our Data\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#transcripts\"\u003eTranscripts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#legislation\"\u003eLegislation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/column\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;layout\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;type\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;constrained\u0026quot;}}\" class=\"wp-block-column has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"\u003e\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#financial-transactions\"\u003eFinancial transactions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#ideology\"\u003eIdeology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#district-data\"\u003eDistrict Data\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;className\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;styled\u0026quot;}\" class=\"styled\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#legislator-information\"\u003eLegislator information\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cdiv data-wp-block-name=\"core/group\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;style\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;spacing\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;padding\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;top\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;bottom\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;var:preset|spacing|xl\u0026quot;}}},\u0026quot;layout\u0026quot;:{\u0026quot;type\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;constrained\u0026quot;},\u0026quot;tagName\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;div\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xl)\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"data-sources\"\u003eData sources\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe database created by Digital Democracy is unprecedented. It combines a variety of information and data from throughout state government that is publicly available, but isolated and difficult to access. This database combines these related data sources so they can be compared to reveal relationships, patterns and aberrations in the Legislature and the policy-making process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe database includes four categories of information:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTranscripts: \u003c/strong\u003eEvery word uttered in a public hearing or floor session is captured in the database.\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eThis data is often available on Digital Democracy within 48 hours of a hearing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eBy April 2024, the archive of transcripts will span from January 2023 to present.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBill information: \u003c/strong\u003eThe database includes the text of every bill, amendments, bill analysis, vote, supporters and opponents.\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eThis data is available within hours or days of when a bill is introduced or amended and as it proceeds through committee and floor votes\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eDigital Democracy includes this bill information since 2013\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial information\u003c/strong\u003e including campaign donations, independent expenditures, political party spending, gifts, travel and behests.\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eData for campaign donations, independent expenditures and political party spending cover the period from 2013 to 2023 with periodic updates from \u003ca href=\"https://www.followthemoney.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eOpen Secrets\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eData for gifts to legislators and sponsored travel is filed annually to the Fair Political Practices Commission. Digital Democracy contains this data since 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eBehests, or payments made to third parties at the request of a legislator, is required to be posted within a month of the payment. The Digital Democracy database is updated daily with a record of payments to 2013.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistrict data\u003c/strong\u003e including voter registration, election results and demographics.\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eData about voter registration is provided by the California \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eSecretary of State\u003c/a\u003e. Digital Democracy includes data from 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eElection results are updated after each election.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eDemographic data is drawn from the US Census Bureau’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eAmerican Community Survey\u003c/a\u003e. The Digital Democracy data is from 2022.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"understanding-our-data\"\u003eUnderstanding our data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eOne of the greatest challenges in using data to create transparency in state government is that there is no standardized identification required when a person, organization or company testifies in a public hearing or donates money to a campaign.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eAs a result, it’s difficult to know if the “Bob Smith” who testified in 2023 is the same “Bob Smith” who testified in 2024. Similarly, we may have information under different versions of the same entity like “ACLU” versus “American Civil Liberties Union,” or different subgroups such as “Association for Commuter Transportation” versus “Association for Commuter Transportation, Southern California Chapter.” These entities are the same for our data analysis. Conversely, entities such as “US Chamber of Commerce” and “San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce” are not the same organization or have a parent/chapter relationship even if they sound similar.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eDigital Democracy uses technology and human judgment to discern how these data points should be recorded and linked to other records. For example, we use facial recognition technology and human review to help us understand if “Bob Smith” in 2023 is the same person as “Bob Smith” in 2024. Artificial intelligence combined with human review also helps us understand which entities are related and which are not when they have similar names.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eEven with the technology and human review, the database is still not precise. For that reason, a name typed into a search bar may still return no results or too many similar results. As we develop Digital Democracy, we will continue to improve the quality of the database. The technology we use is also evolving rapidly and becoming more efficient. But without an identification system for donors or those who testify, the database will always be imprecise and the results of a search or analysis should be considered with that context.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe problems with identification are found throughout the Digital Democracy database and website. In the transcripts, the name of a speaker may not be captured accurately if it is mumbled by the speaker, misspelled by the transcription program or improperly captured due to human error. The inconsistency in names — for people, organizations or companies — also means that some financial transactions may not be captured correctly.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe challenge is important for Digital Democracy because this unique database is designed to capture and compare all of the interactions of a person or organization that are recorded in a variety of isolated and separate sources. For example, a Digital Democracy search for Chevron should reveal information from the Secretary of State’s office about lobbyists the company employs and donations the company has made to legislators; testimony by a company representative from the transcript of a hearing; data about gifts or travel or behests involving a legislator from forms at the Fair Political Practices Commission and positions on bills from the California Legislative Information website. That broad analysis requires an accurate match within the Digital Democracy database of dozens of Chevron data points created over several years by separate offices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transcripts\"\u003eTranscripts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eUnder \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_California_Proposition_54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eProposition 54\u003c/a\u003e in 2016, the state Senate and \u003ca href=\"https://www.assembly.ca.gov/media-archive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eAssembly\u003c/a\u003e are required to videotape public hearings and floor sessions and to post the video online within 24 hours. Digital Democracy sends the video to an online transcription service that uses artificial intelligence to transcribe the audio within a few hours. Speech-to-text technology is far from perfect, however, even with the latest advances in AI. In many applications, a 10% or 20% error rate is common.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eTo significantly improve the quality of the transcript, a team of Digital Democracy contractors review each transcript to correct errors. Speakers are also identified with facial recognition technology, but human editors confirm the identification and link speakers to related information about that person in the database. To increase accuracy, the names of legislators and registered lobbyists are hard-coded into the program. To a limited extent, we use internet searches to identify some other speakers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eVideos are also cut into smaller segments corresponding to bill discussions. Each segment of video and the corresponding transcript are indexed so that a search can precisely identify bill discussions, speaker quotes or keywords.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe human editing process takes at least two hours of review for every hour of video. In all, when Digital Democracy launched in March 2024, more than 1,600 hours of video were processed and more than 12,000 individuals were identified and stored in the database.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legislation\"\u003eLegislation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe database captures information about the policy-making process from the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCalifornia Legislative Information\u003c/a\u003e website, also known as “Leginfo.” That data includes the text of bills and amendments, committee and floor votes, bill analysis, supporters and opponents who registered official positions, governor vetoes, a history of a bill’s progress and the current status of the bill.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe Leginfo data can be seen in several places on the Digital Democracy website:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegislator pages:\u003c/strong\u003e This is used to create a “bill activity” graphic that displays how many bills a legislator has authored and how many have passed or failed. It is also used to display all of the bills authored by each legislator.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBill pages: \u003c/strong\u003eThere is a web page for every bill introduced in the Legislature that draws data from Leginfo including text, status, analysis, votes, supporters and opponents.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHearing pages:\u003c/strong\u003e Web pages for each public hearing include data from leginfo about legislation considered in the hearing.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTopic pages: \u003c/strong\u003eThe web pages focused on six major state topics including data from Leginfo about all of the current bills related to that topic.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSearch directories: \u003c/strong\u003eThe data from Leginfo also appears on directory pages produced by search queries.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"financial-transactions\"\u003eFinancial transactions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eWe consider two categories of financial information: money given to help a candidate win an election and financial transactions involving an incumbent legislator, which we describe as “influence.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:3}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"election-money\"\u003eElection money\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003ePolitical campaigns in California have to disclose their contributors to the Secretary of State. The data contains some information about the donor, the date of the payment, and the amount of money. However, categorizing political donations by economic sector can be difficult. What categories should be used? Is a company like Tesla a car company or a tech company? What about delivery services like DoorDash? Amazon?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eCalMatters uses categories identified by \u003ca href=\"https://www.followthemoney.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eOpenSecrets\u003c/a\u003e, a national nonprofit dedicated to comprehensive, nonpartisan analysis of political donations to state and federal officeholders. Open Secrets, previously known as Follow the Money, has been a trusted source of campaign finance data for decades and is widely cited by major media organizations. In California, OpenSecrets gets updates at least twice a year from the Secretary of State, processes the data, and then gives it to CalMatters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThe categorization system divides the entire economy into 20 sectors. Each of those sectors is divided into industries, which are further segmented into 438 total business categories. There is a catch-all sector called “Uncoded” which are contributions that have yet to be categorized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eBecause the data can have nuances (such as different name spellings, the inclusion of middle initials, or a slightly different version of the company name) all of this categorization is done by a person, either at OpenSecrets or at CalMatters. We go contributor by contributor and do our best to accurately capture the main economic interest of that person, company, or organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:3}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"influence\"\u003eInfluence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eWe describe financial transactions with an incumbent legislator as influence. Influence is divided into three subcategories: gifts, sponsored travel and behests. The data is contained on the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/legislator-tracker/about/#cm-ld-about__section-data-contact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eForm 700\u003c/a\u003e, which legislators submit annually to the Fair Political Practices Commission. They are required to disclose stock, property, and business interests as well as any gifts they received or any trips they took at somebody else\u0026#8217;s expense.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eWe display data about influence money on the pages for each legislator including:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul data-wp-block-name=\"core/list\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;ordered\u0026quot;:false,\u0026quot;values\u0026quot;:\u0026quot;\u0026quot;}\" class=\"wp-block-list\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003ePersonal gifts: Legislators are not allowed to accept gifts of more than $10 per month from registered lobbyists. Gifts from any other single source are limited to $590 in a calendar year.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eSponsored travel: Legislators are allowed to have their expenses paid for domestic and international travel that is related to their work including, for example, trips to conferences or to tour places facing issues similar to California. There is no limit on the amount of travel expenses a legislator can accept. The trips are often funded by companies or organizations with interest in state policy.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli data-wp-block-name=\"core/list-item\" data-wp-block=\"[]\"\u003eBehests: These are unlimited payments made “at the behest” — or request — of a legislator to a third party. The behest might involve, for example, a legislator requesting a donation be made to a school district or a job fair. Sometimes the behested payments are made to a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-lawmaker-nonprofits-politics-charity-campaign-finance-foundation-dark-money/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003echarity run by the legislator\u003c/a\u003e that might host networking events, retreats, conferences and other activities. Behests must be reported if they exceed $5,000 from a single source in a year.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ideology\"\u003eIdeology\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eIs it really possible to depict a person’s political ideology in all of its nuance and complexity with a single number? Of course it isn’t. But by looking at how often certain legislators vote with one another, we’ve come up with a starting point to give readers a better sense of how lawmakers stack up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eTo do it, we gathered all the “aye” and “no” votes from every assembly member and state senator from the last legislative session. That includes floor session votes, but also votes in committee. After excluding resolutions, which are just procedural or symbolic, we were left with 18,616 separate roll calls to analyze. We then fed that long list of votes into \u003ca href=\"https://www.voteview.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003esoftware\u003c/a\u003e written by political scientists at UCLA, USC, the University of Georgia and Rice to come up with a measure of ideological “distance” — how close or far apart different lawmakers are to one another based on their voting behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eAn example: San Francisco’s Phil Ting and San Diego’s Chris Ward, both liberal Democrats, voted together about 96% of the time in a previous session. Contrast that with Fresno Republican Jim Patterson, whose votes overlapped Ting’s only 63% of the time. Feed those patterns through the software and Ting and Ward are ideological neighbors whereas Patterson lives on the far side of town from both of them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eThat “distance” is assigned a number between -1 and 1, but we converted it from 0 to 100, with all the liberals clustered around 0 and the conservatives at the top of the range.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003ePolitical scientists have been tinkering with some version of this method, called NOMINATE, since the early 1980’s. You can read more about how we’ve used this method in the past \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2019/09/california-legislators-political-spectrum-maps-charts-data/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"district-data\"\u003eDistrict data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eDistrict demographics for race/ethnicity, median household income, median age, poverty rate and educational attainment come from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eU.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eElection results data come from the California Secretary of State\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eElections Statistics\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eDistrict map boundaries data come from the \u003ca href=\"https://statewidedatabase.org/geography.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eStatewide Database\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eDistrict partisanship — whether a district is considered safe Democrat, safe Republican or competitive — is based on an analysis by CalMatters reporters looking at voter registration data, election results from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eSecretary of State\u003c/a\u003e and other information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 data-wp-block-name=\"core/heading\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;level\u0026quot;:2}\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legislator-information\"\u003eLegislator information\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eContact information comes from the official California state \u003ca href=\"https://www.senate.ca.gov/senators\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eSenate\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.senate.ca.gov/senators\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eAssembly\u003c/a\u003e websites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eSocial media information comes from CalMatters data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eLegislator gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, birth dates, birthplaces and residence data came from CalMatters data collection from elected official offices, the \u003ca href=\"https://data.ca.gov/dataset/demographics-in-the-california-legislature/resource/9dc0c75b-5a89-483f-9590-ec41bfe26882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCalifornia State Library\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politicaldata.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ePolitical Data Inc\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp data-wp-block-name=\"core/paragraph\" data-wp-block=\"{\u0026quot;dropCap\u0026quot;:false}\"\u003eLegislators background data come from official ballots on the California Secretary of State \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/prior-elections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ePrior Elections\u003c/a\u003e page.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u003cp\u003eData Sources \u0026amp; Methodology Our methodology page is intended to explain the parts of Digital Democracy — how our data is collected and where it comes from, the time periods reflected in the data, our efforts to establish the quality of the data and the limitations in using the data for analysis. 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