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Rusland - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sovjettiden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovjettiden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sovjettiden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovjettiden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Det_nye_Rusland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Det_nye_Rusland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Det nye Rusland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Det_nye_Rusland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Den_Russiske_Føderation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_Russiske_Føderation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Den Russiske Føderation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_Russiske_Føderation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rusland_under_Boris_Jeltsin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusland_under_Boris_Jeltsin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Rusland under Boris Jeltsin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusland_under_Boris_Jeltsin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Den_første_krig_i_Tjetjenien_(1993-1997)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_første_krig_i_Tjetjenien_(1993-1997)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.1</span> <span>Den første krig i Tjetjenien (1993-1997)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_første_krig_i_Tjetjenien_(1993-1997)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primakov-affæren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primakov-affæren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1.2</span> <span>Primakov-affæren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primakov-affæren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rusland_under_Vladimir_Putin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusland_under_Vladimir_Putin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Rusland under Vladimir Putin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusland_under_Vladimir_Putin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grænselande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grænselande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Grænselande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grænselande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Topografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversitet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversitet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Biodiversitet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversitet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Større_byer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Større_byer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Større byer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Større_byer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Økonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Økonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pengevæsen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengevæsen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Pengevæsen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengevæsen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landbrug,_skovbrug_og_fiskeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landbrug,_skovbrug_og_fiskeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Landbrug, skovbrug og fiskeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landbrug,_skovbrug_og_fiskeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Råstofudvinding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Råstofudvinding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Råstofudvinding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Råstofudvinding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Industri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regeringsform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regeringsform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Regeringsform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regeringsform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_inddelinger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_inddelinger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Administrative inddelinger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_inddelinger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruslands_udenrigspolitik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruslands_udenrigspolitik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Ruslands udenrigspolitik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruslands_udenrigspolitik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Kultur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folkelore_og_køkken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folkelore_og_køkken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Folkelore og køkken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folkelore_og_køkken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arkitektur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arkitektur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Arkitektur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arkitektur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rusland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 320 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-320" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">320 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Урыстәыла – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Урысые – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысые" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – schweizertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – sydaltaisk" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="sydaltaisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩሲያ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩሲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – oldengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="oldengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%E1%B9%A3ia" title="Rọṣia – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Rọṣia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܪܘܣܝܐ – aramæisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramæisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰাছিয়া – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Rosėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Расія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risila" title="Risila – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Risila" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ – buginesisk" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Оросой холбоото улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оросой холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Росси – tjetjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Росси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%B2%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A2" title="ᏲᏂᎢ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏲᏂᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕووسیا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiye" title="Rusiye – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rusiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%B4" title="Ruskô – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ruskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%A1%D1%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Рѡсїꙗ – kirkeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Рѡсїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Раççей Федерацийĕ – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwsia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruccia" title="Ruccia – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruccia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska" title="Rusojska – nedersorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="nedersorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ރޫސީވިލާތް – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωσία – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusio" title="Rusio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosiya" title="Roosiya – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Roosiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Venäjä – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnemaa" title="Vinnemaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinnemaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – færøsk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslun" title="Ruslun – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruslun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – friulisk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ruslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAis" title="An Rúis – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – gagauzisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – gan-kinesisk" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ruis" title="An Ruis – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ruis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="رۊسيه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%BAsia" title="Rrúsia – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrúsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="રશિયા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Roosh" title="Yn Roosh – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Roosh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasha" title="Rasha – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ – hakka-kinesisk" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABsia" title="Rūsia – hawaiiansk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Rūsia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="רוסיה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska" title="Ruska – øvresorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="øvresorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszorsz%C3%A1g" title="Oroszország – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oroszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռուսաստան – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռուսիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpaghara_Russia" title="Mpaghara Russia – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mpaghara Russia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusiq_(nuna)" title="Uruusiq (nuna) – inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusiq (nuna)" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Эрсече – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсече" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%93%9B%E1%93%B4" title="ᐅᓛᓴ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓛᓴ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="ロシア – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosha" title="Rosha – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rosha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukygu%27e" title="rukygu&#039;e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukygu&#039;e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Урысей – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii" title="Ruusii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshya" title="Roshya – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racia" title="Racia – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Racia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="រុស្ស៊ី – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="러시아 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – komi-permjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия Федерация – karatjai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Россия Федерация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatjai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3" title="روٗس – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi" title="Russi – cornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орусия – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орусия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аьрасат – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьрасат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Урусат – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урусат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwasha" title="Rwasha – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwasha" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3slandj" title="Róslandj – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Róslandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9scia" title="Rùscia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rùscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruscia" title="Ruscia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCssia" title="Rüssia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rüssia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AD" title="Rusí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rusí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABveja" title="Krīveja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия мастор – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Россия мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosia" title="Rosia – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rosia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABhia" title="Rūhia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="റഷ്യ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Орос – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ရုရှာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ရုရှာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रशिया – marathisk" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russja" title="Russja – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Russja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия Мастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Россия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – mazenisk" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslaand" title="Ruslaand – plattysk (Holland)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ruslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="plattysk (Holland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27a" title="Ven&#039;a – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven&#039;a" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raashiyaa" title="Raashiyaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raashiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଋଷିଆ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଋଷିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Уæрæсе – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уæрæсе" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੂਸ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – nigeriansk pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="nigeriansk pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusha" title="Rusha – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rusha" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρουσία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ρουσία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – rætoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rætoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusia" title="Arusia – arumænsk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arusia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रास्या – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रास्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Арассыыйа – jakutisk" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арассыыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9ssia" title="Rùssia – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rùssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie" title="Roushie – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1a" title="Ruošša – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruošša" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AFi" title="Rusïi – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Rusïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුසියාව – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%A2" title="Ruoššâ – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruoššâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhashiya" title="Rhashiya – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruushka" title="Ruushka – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruushka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashea" title="Rashea – sydsotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rashea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sydsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslound" title="Ruslound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyjo" title="Rusyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rusyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="உருசியா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="రష్యా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAsia" title="Rúsia – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rúsia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศรัสเซีย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩስያ – tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩስያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi%C3%BDa" title="Russiýa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Russiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusij%C9%99t" title="Urusijət – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusijət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABsia" title="Lūsia – tongansk" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lūsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaxiya" title="Rhaxiya – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rhaxiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABtia" title="Rūtia – tahitiansk" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="روسىيە – uygurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="روسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uygurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashia" title="Rashia – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Rashia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9sia" title="Rùsia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rùsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4ma" title="Venäma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venäma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nga" title="Nga – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4n" title="Rusän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsseye" title="Rûsseye – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsseye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisi" title="Riisi – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Riisi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Орсин Ниицән – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орсин Ниицән" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="רוסלאנד – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Rọ́síà – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngozlozswh" title="Ngozlozswh – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngozlozswh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ – tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a" title="Lō͘-se-a – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Rusland" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rusland"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Rusland" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Rusland" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&amp;campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;oldid=11822867" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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</div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted"><span class="latitude">66°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">94°15′Ø</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted">66.42°N 94.25°Ø</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">66.42; 94.25</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lovende_artikler" title="Dette er en Lovende artikel. Klik her for mere information."><img alt="Lovende artikel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/15px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/22px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg/29px-Art%C3%ADculo_bueno-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/19px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/29px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/38px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><i> For alternative betydninger, se <a href="/wiki/Rusland_(flertydig)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rusland (flertydig)">Rusland (flertydig)</a>.</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Speciel:Pr%C3%A6fiksindeks/Rusland" title="Speciel:Præfiksindeks/Rusland">Se også artikler, som begynder med Rusland</a>)</small></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="font-size:85%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Den Russiske Føderation</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em;"><span lang="ru"><i>Российская Федерация</i></span> <small><span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(russisk)</span></small><br /><span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Rossijskaja&#160;Federatsija</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruslands flag"><img alt="Ruslands flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Ruslands_flag" title="Ruslands flag">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruslands våbenskjold"><img alt="Ruslands våbenskjold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;">Våbenskjold</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a>:&#160;</b>Intet </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nationalsang" title="Nationalsang">Nationalmelodi</a>:&#160;</b><br />"<a href="/wiki/Ruslands_nationalsang" title="Ruslands nationalsang">Государственный гимн Российской Федерации</a>"<br /><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>"</i><a href="/wiki/Ruslands_nationalsang" title="Ruslands nationalsang">Gosudarstvennyj gimn Rossijskoj Federatsii</a>'<b>"<br /><span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">"Hymne til den russiske føderation"</span><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="216" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Russia_(2000),_three_verses.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/National_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg/National_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/National_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=ar&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=es&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=id&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=ko&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=ru&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=th&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=tl&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=uk&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=zh-hant&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文(繁體) ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_three_verses.ogg&amp;lang=zh&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationaldag" title="Nationaldag">Nationaldag</a>:&#160;<b><a href="/wiki/12._juni" title="12. juni">12. juni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruslands_Dag" title="Ruslands Dag">Ruslands Dag</a> siden <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russian_Federation_(orthographic_projection)_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grøn: Rusland i Eurasien Lysegrøn: Omtvistede områder (Krim, Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson og Zaporizjzja.)"><img alt="Grøn: Rusland i Eurasien Lysegrøn: Omtvistede områder (Krim, Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson og Zaporizjzja.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg/220px-Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg/330px-Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg/440px-Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_Annexed_Territories_disputed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="537" /></a></span><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;">Grøn: Rusland i <a href="/wiki/Eurasien" title="Eurasien">Eurasien</a><br />Lysegrøn: Omtvistede områder (<a href="/wiki/Krim#Krimkrisen_og_den_russisk_militære_intervention_2014" title="Krim">Krim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a> og <a href="/wiki/Zaporizjzja" title="Zaporizjzja">Zaporizjzja</a>.)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Hovedstad" title="Hovedstad">Hovedstad</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ruslands_demografi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruslands demografi"> og største&#160;by</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11755137">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=da&amp;pagename=Rusland&amp;params=55_45_N_37_37_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted"><span class="latitude">55°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">37°37′Ø</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted">55.750°N 37.617°Ø</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">55.750; 37.617</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Officielt_sprog" title="Officielt sprog">Officielle sprog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">Russisk</a> er officielt i hele landet; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprog_i_Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sprog i Rusland (ikke skrevet endnu)">27 andre sprog er medofficielle</a> i diverse regioner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Etnicitet" title="Etnicitet">Etnicitet</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">(2010<sup id="cite_ref-perepis-2010.ru_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perepis-2010.ru-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">81,0% <a href="/wiki/Russere" title="Russere">russere</a><br />3,7% <a href="/wiki/Tatarere_(tyrkisk_folk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatarere (tyrkisk folk)">tatarer</a><br />1,4% <a href="/wiki/Ukrainere" title="Ukrainere">ukrainere</a><br />1,1% <a href="/wiki/Basjkirere" title="Basjkirere">basjkirere</a><br />1,0% <a href="/wiki/Tjuvasjere" title="Tjuvasjere">tjuvasjere</a><br />0,8% <a href="/wiki/Tjetjenere" title="Tjetjenere">tjetjenere</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap">11,0% andre&#160;/ uspecificeret</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Russere" title="Russere">russere</a><br />Etnisk russer:<br /><i>русские</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Russkije</i><br />Russisk statsborger:<br /><i>россияне</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>rossijane</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Statsform" class="mw-redirect" title="Statsform">Regeringsform</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8deralisme" title="Føderalisme">Føderal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semipresidentialisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Semipresidentialisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">semipræsidential</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslands_forfatning&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslands forfatning (ikke skrevet endnu)">konstitutionel</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ruslands_pr%C3%A6sident" title="Ruslands præsident">Præsident</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ruslands_premierminister" title="Ruslands premierminister">Premierminister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Misjustin" title="Mikhail Misjustin">Mikhail Misjustin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8derationsr%C3%A5det" class="mw-redirect" title="Føderationsrådet">Formand Føderationsrådet</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentina_Matvijenko&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentina Matvijenko (ikke skrevet endnu)">Valentina Matvijenko</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Formand_for_Statsdumaen" title="Formand for Statsdumaen">Formand for Statsdumaen</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vjatjeslav_Volodin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vjatjeslav Volodin (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vjatjeslav Volodin</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Lovgivende_magt" title="Lovgivende magt">Lovgivende forsamling</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ruslands_f%C3%B8derale_forsamling" title="Ruslands føderale forsamling">Føderale forsamling</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Overhus" title="Overhus">Overhus</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8derationsr%C3%A5det" class="mw-redirect" title="Føderationsrådet">Føderationsrådet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Underhus" title="Underhus">Underhus</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Statsdumaen" title="Statsdumaen">Statsdumaen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em;">Etableret</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kievriget" class="mw-redirect" title="Kievriget">Kievriget</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/862" title="862">862</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Storfyrstend%C3%B8mmet_Moskva" title="Storfyrstendømmet Moskva">Storfyrstendømmet Moskva</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/1283" title="1283">1283</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Zar-rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Zar-rusland">Zar-rusland</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/16._januar" title="16. januar">16. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Russiske_Kejserrige" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiske Kejserrige">Russiske Kejserrige</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/22._oktober" title="22. oktober">22. oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Russiske_SFSR" title="Russiske SFSR">Russiske SFSR</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/6._november" title="6. november">6. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/10._december" title="10. december">10. december</a> <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Russiske Føderation </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/25._december" title="25. december">25. december</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Vedtagelse af Ruslands nuværende forfatning </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/12._december" title="12. december">12. december</a> <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_arealer" title="Verdens landes arealer">Areal </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/1_E13_m%C2%B2" title="1 E13 m²"> 17.098.242&#160;km<sup>2</sup></a>&#160;&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_arealer" title="Verdens landes arealer">nr.&#160;1</a>)&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Vand" title="Vand">Vand</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Procent" title="Procent">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">13<sup id="cite_ref-gen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;<small>(inklusiv sumpe)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Ruslands_demografi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruslands demografi">Befolkning</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Anslået&#160;2015</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">143.975.923<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (eksklusiv Krim)&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_befolkningsst%C3%B8rrelser" title="Verdens landes befolkningsstørrelser">nr.&#160;9</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Befolkningst%C3%A6thed" title="Befolkningstæthed">Tæthed</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">8,4/km<sup>2</sup>&#160;&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_befolkningst%C3%A6thed" title="Verdens landes befolkningstæthed">nr.&#160;217</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">BNP</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8bekraftsparitet" title="Købekraftsparitet">KKP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">Anslået&#160;2015</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">3,458&#160;<a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a> <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdens_landes_BNP_(KKP)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Verdens landes BNP (KKP) (ikke skrevet endnu)">nr.&#160;6</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Pr. indbygger</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">24.067&#160;<a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_BNP_(KKP)_pr._indbygger" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens landes BNP (KKP) pr. indbygger">nr.&#160;53</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">BNP</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominelt)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">Anslået&#160;2015</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">1,176&#160;<a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a> <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_BNP" title="Verdens landes BNP">nr.&#160;15</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Pr. indbygger</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">8.184&#160;<a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_BNP_pr._indbygger" title="Verdens landes BNP pr. indbygger">nr.&#160;74</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Gini-koefficient" title="Gini-koefficient"><abbr title="Gini-koefficient">Gini</abbr></a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(2012)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">42<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>&#32;(<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#ffcc00;">medium</span></span>)&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Lande_rangordnet_efter_indkomstfordeling" title="Lande rangordnet efter indkomstfordeling">nr.&#160;83</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index"><abbr title="Human Development Index">HDI</abbr></a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(2013)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Stigning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0,788<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>&#32;(<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:#090;">høj</span></span>)&#160;(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lande_rangordnet_efter_HDI&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lande rangordnet efter HDI (ikke skrevet endnu)">nr.&#160;57</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Rubel" title="Rubel">Rubel</a> (₽) (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">RUB</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Tidszone" title="Tidszone">Tidszone</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> til <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12" title="UTC+12">+12</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datoformat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Datoformat (ikke skrevet endnu)">Datoformat</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">dd.mm.åååå</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Venstrek%C3%B8rsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Venstrekørsel">Kører i</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;">højre side af vejen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationale_kendingsbogstaver_(biler)" title="Nationale kendingsbogstaver (biler)">Kendings-<br />bogstaver&#160;(bil)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><b>RUS</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationale_kendingsbogstaver_(fly)" title="Nationale kendingsbogstaver (fly)">Luftfartøjs-<br />registreringskode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><b>RA</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalt_topdom%C3%A6ne" title="Nationalt topdomæne">Internetdomæne</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/.ru" title=".ru">.ru</a><br /><a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">.su</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D1%80%D1%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title=".рф (ikke skrevet endnu)">.рф</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/International_telefonkode" title="International telefonkode">Telefonkode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><code>+7</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.4em; width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO&#160;3166-kode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:RU&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:RU (ikke skrevet endnu)">RU</a>,&#32;<a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-3">RUS</a>,&#32;<a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_numerisk" title="ISO 3166-1 numerisk">643</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0; padding-left:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rusland</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">Россия</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Rossija</i> fra <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6sk_(sprog)" title="Græsk (sprog)">græsk</a>: <i>Ρωσία</i>, <i>Rōsía</i>) eller <b>Den Russiske Føderation</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">Российская Федерация</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Rossijskaja Federatsija</i>; IPA: [rɐsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪratsɨjə]) er et land i <a href="/wiki/Eurasien" title="Eurasien">Eurasien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Med 17.075.200 km² er Rusland arealmæssigt det <a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_arealer" title="Verdens landes arealer">største land i verden</a>, der dækker mere end en ottendedel af Jordens beboede landområde,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og har den <a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_befolkningsst%C3%B8rrelser" title="Verdens landes befolkningsstørrelser">niende største</a> befolkning, med over 144 millioner indbyggere i slutningen af marts 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-gksru.doc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gksru.doc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Popnote_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popnote-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geografi">Geografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den europæiske vestlige del af landet er meget tættere befolket og urbaniseret end den østlige del; omkring 77% af befolkningen bor i europæisk Rusland. Ruslands hovedstad <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a> er en af de største byer i verden; andre større bycentre er <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Petersborg" title="Sankt Petersborg">Sankt Petersborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jekaterinburg" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nisjnij_Novgorod" title="Nisjnij Novgorod">Nisjnij Novgorod</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kasan" title="Kasan">Kasan</a>. </p><p><br /> Strækkende sig over hele <a href="/wiki/Nordasien" title="Nordasien">Nordasien</a> og meget af <a href="/wiki/%C3%98steuropa" title="Østeuropa">Østeuropa</a> spænder Rusland over 11 <a href="/wiki/Tidszone" title="Tidszone">tidszoner</a> og omfatter en bred vifte af landformer. Fra nordvest til sydøst deler Rusland landegrænser med <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> (begge med <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_oblast" title="Kaliningrad oblast">Kaliningrad oblast</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hviderusland" title="Hviderusland">Hviderusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongoliet" title="Mongoliet">Mongoliet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea">Nordkorea</a>. Landet deler havområder med <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> ved det <a href="/wiki/Okhotske_Hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Okhotske Hav">Okhotske Hav</a> og den <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikanske</a> delstat <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> på tværs af <a href="/wiki/Beringstr%C3%A6det" title="Beringstrædet">Beringstrædet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historie">Historie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Historie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_historie" title="Ruslands historie">Ruslands historie</a></span></span></div> <p>Østslaverne opstod som en genkendelig gruppe i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> mellem <a href="/wiki/200-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="200-tallet">200-</a> og <a href="/wiki/700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="700-tallet">700-tallet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Grundlagt og styret af en <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ringer" title="Væringer">væringsk</a> krigerelite og deres efterkommere, opstod den middelalderlige stat <a href="/wiki/Rus_(folk)" title="Rus (folk)">Rus</a> i <a href="/wiki/800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="800-tallet">800-tallet</a>. I 988 konverterede krigereliten til <a href="/wiki/Ortodokse_kirke" title="Ortodokse kirke">ortodoks kristendom</a> fra det <a href="/wiki/Det_Byzantinske_Rige" title="Det Byzantinske Rige">Det Byzantinske Rige</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Med konverteringen indledtes en omfattende byzantinsk afsmitning på de slaviske kulturer, der senere blev definerende for den russiske kultur i det næste årtusinde.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rus blev efterfølgende opsplittet i en række mindre slaviske stater; de fleste af de slaviske stater blev løbet over ende af <a href="/wiki/Mongolernes_invasion_af_Rus%27" title="Mongolernes invasion af Rus&#39;">den mongolske invasion</a> og blev <a href="/wiki/Vasalstat" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasalstat">vasalstater</a> under den nomadiske <a href="/wiki/Gyldne_Horde" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyldne Horde">Gyldne Horde</a> i <a href="/wiki/1200-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1200-tallet">1200-tallet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Storfyrstend%C3%B8mmet_Moskva" title="Storfyrstendømmet Moskva">Storfyrstendømmet Moskva</a> genforenede lidt efter lidt de omkringliggende russiske fyrstendømmer, opnåede uafhængighed fra den gyldne horde og kom til at dominere <a href="/wiki/Kijevriget" title="Kijevriget">Kijevrigets</a> kulturelle og politiske arv. I <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> blev landet stærkt udvidet gennem erobring, annekteringer og udforskning til at blive <a href="/wiki/Det_Russiske_Kejserrige" title="Det Russiske Kejserrige">Det Russiske Kejserrige</a>, der var det <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liste_over_st%C3%B8rste_riger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liste over største riger (ikke skrevet endnu)">tredjestørste imperium i historien</a>, og strakte sig fra <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> i vest til <a href="/wiki/Russisk_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Russisk Alaska">Alaska</a> i øst.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sovjettiden">Sovjettiden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Sovjettiden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Sovjettiden"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efter <a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_Revolution_1917" title="Den Russiske Revolution 1917">den russiske revolution</a> blev den <a href="/wiki/Russiske_SFSR" title="Russiske SFSR">Russiske Socialistiske Føderative Sovjetrepublik</a> den største og ledende del af <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Unionen af socialistiske sovjetrepublikker</a>, verdens første konstitutionelle socialistiske stat.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sovjetunionen spillede <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfronten_under_2._verdenskrig" title="Østfronten under 2. verdenskrig">en afgørende rolle</a> i de <a href="/wiki/De_Allierede" title="De Allierede">allieredes</a> sejr i <a href="/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og blev en <a href="/wiki/Supermagt" title="Supermagt">supermagt</a> og rival til <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> under <a href="/wiki/Den_kolde_krig" title="Den kolde krig">den kolde krig</a>. Sovjet-æraen resulterede i nogle af de vigtigste teknologiske fremskridt i <a href="/wiki/1900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1900-tallet">1900-tallet</a>, herunder opsendelsen af verdens <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">første satellit</a> og opsendelsen af <a href="/wiki/Jurij_Gagarin" title="Jurij Gagarin">det første menneske i rummet</a>. I slutningen af 1990 havde <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> verdens næststørste økonomi, verdens største militær og det største lager af <a href="/wiki/Masse%C3%B8del%C3%A6ggelsesv%C3%A5ben" title="Masseødelæggelsesvåben">masseødelæggelsesvåben</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GDPinfobox1990_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPinfobox1990-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Det_nye_Rusland">Det nye Rusland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Det nye Rusland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Det nye Rusland"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efter Sovjetunionens opløsning i 1991 opstod femten uafhængige republikker fra Sovjetunionen: Rusland, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hviderusland" title="Hviderusland">Hviderusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Russiske_SFSR" title="Russiske SFSR">Russiske SFSR</a> rekonstituerede sig som <i>Den Russiske Føderation</i> og anerkendtes som Sovjetunionens efterfølgerstat.<sup id="cite_ref-uk_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rusland er en semipræsidentiel <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8deral_republik" class="mw-redirect" title="Føderal republik">føderal republik</a>. </p><p>Rusland har det <a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_BNP" title="Verdens landes BNP">12. største</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">nominelle BNP</a> og sjette højeste købekraftsparitet i 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ruslands omfattende mineral- og energiressourcer er de største reserver i verden,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> hvilket gør det til en af de førende producenter af olie og naturgas globalt.<sup id="cite_ref-IEA-Oil_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEA-Oil-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia-gas_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-gas-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Landet er et af de <a href="/wiki/Traktaten_om_ikke-spredning_af_kernev%C3%A5ben" title="Traktaten om ikke-spredning af kernevåben">fem anerkendte</a> <a href="/wiki/Atommagt" title="Atommagt">atomvåbenlande</a> og besidder det største lager af <a href="/wiki/Masse%C3%B8del%C3%A6ggelsesv%C3%A5ben" title="Masseødelæggelsesvåben">masseødelæggelsesvåben</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fas_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rusland er en <a href="/wiki/Stormagt" title="Stormagt">stormagt</a> såvel som en regional magt og er blevet karakteriseret som en potentiel <a href="/wiki/Supermagt" title="Supermagt">supermagt</a>. Landet er <a href="/wiki/FN%27s_sikkerhedsr%C3%A5d#Faste_medlemslande_med_vetoret" title="FN&#39;s sikkerhedsråd">permanent</a> medlem af <a href="/wiki/FN%27s_sikkerhedsr%C3%A5d" title="FN&#39;s sikkerhedsråd">FN's sikkerhedsråd</a> samt medlem af <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet">Europarådet</a>, <a href="/wiki/APEC" title="APEC">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a>, <a href="/wiki/OSCE" title="OSCE">Organisationen for Sikkerhed og Samarbejde i Europa (OSCE)</a> og <a href="/wiki/WTO" title="WTO">World Trade Organisation (WTO)</a> samt er det ledende medlem af <a href="/wiki/SNG" title="SNG">Fællesskabet af Uafhængige Stater (SNG)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_kollektive_sikkerhedspagt" title="Den kollektive sikkerhedspagt">Den kollektive sikkerhedspagt (CSTO)</a> og et af fem medlemmer af <a href="/wiki/Den_eurasiske_%C3%B8konomiske_union" title="Den eurasiske økonomiske union">Den eurasiske økonomiske union (EAEU)</a> sammen med <a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hviderusland" title="Hviderusland">Hviderusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etymologi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Navnet <b>Rusland</b> er afledt af <a href="/wiki/Rus_(folk)" title="Rus (folk)">Rus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slaviske_sprog" title="Slaviske sprog">slavisk</a>: Русь, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Rus</i>. Rus kommer fra det tidlige middelalderlige Rusfolk, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ringer" title="Væringer">væringske</a> købmænd og krigere,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> der rejste over Østersøen og grundlagde <a href="/wiki/Middelalder" class="mw-redirect" title="Middelalder">middelalderbyen</a> <a href="/wiki/Novgorod#Starten_på_Rurikdynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a>, og senere <a href="/wiki/Kijevriget" title="Kijevriget">Kijevriget</a>, en middelalderlig stat, der fortrinsvis var befolket af <a href="/wiki/Slaviske_folkeslag#Slavernes_opdeling" title="Slaviske folkeslag">østslavere</a>. Landet <a href="/wiki/Rus_(folk)" title="Rus (folk)">Rusfolket</a> beboede blev kaldt <i>Русская Земля</i> <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>russkaja zemlja</i> af indbyggerne, som kan oversættes som "russisk land" eller "russernes land". Ruslands nuværende navn, <i>Россия</i> <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Rossija</i>, stammer fra den <a href="/wiki/Byzantinsk_gr%C3%A6sk" title="Byzantinsk græsk">byzantinsk græske</a> betegnelse for Kijevriget, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6sk_(sprog)" title="Græsk (sprog)">græsk</a>&#58; <span lang="el">Ρωσσία</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Rossia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>En gammel <a href="/wiki/Latin_(sprog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin (sprog)">latinsk version</a> af navnet <i>Rus</i> er <i><a href="/wiki/Rutenien" title="Rutenien">Ruthenia</a></i>, der hovedsagelig blev anvendt om de vestlige og sydlige regioner af <i>Rus</i>, der støder op til det <a href="/wiki/Romerskkatolske_kirke" title="Romerskkatolske kirke">katolske</a> <a href="/wiki/Vesteuropa" title="Vesteuropa">Vesteuropa</a>. For at skelne den oprindelige stat fra andre stater, der er afledt af den, betegnes den på <a href="/wiki/Slavisk_(sprog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavisk (sprog)">slavisk</a> <i>Киевская Русь</i> <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>Kijevskaja Rus</i>; på dansk <i><a href="/wiki/Kijevriget" title="Kijevriget">Kijevriget</a></i> i moderne historiografi. </p><p>På dansk omtales indbyggere i Rusland som "russere".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Der er to russiske ord, der almindeligvis oversættes til dansk som "russere", <a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">русские</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>russkije</i>, der betyder "etniske russere" og <a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">россияне</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Translitteration" title="Hjælp:Translitteration">tr.</a> <i>rossijane</i>, der betyder "borgere i Rusland, uanset etnicitet". Oversættelser til andre sprog skelner ofte ikke mellem disse to grupper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie_2">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Historie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_historie" title="Ruslands historie">Ruslands historie</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg/220px-Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg/330px-Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg/440px-Marten%27s_Poltava.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_den_Store" title="Peter den Store">Peter den Store</a> under <a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Poltava" title="Slaget ved Poltava">Slaget ved Poltava</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Russisk politik kan groft inddeles i en præ-sovjetisk, sovjetisk og postsovjetisk periode. I den præ-sovjetiske periode var Rusland et <a href="/wiki/Enev%C3%A6ldigt_monarki" class="mw-redirect" title="Enevældigt monarki">enevældigt monarki</a> med en <a href="/wiki/Zar" title="Zar">zar</a> i spidsen. Denne periode var præget af en ekspansionistisk tilgang som følge af at Rusland ikke havde (eller har) naturlige grænser.<sup id="cite_ref-ermarth_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ermarth-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> På grund af denne svaghed følte russerne, at den eneste måde, hvorpå de kunne opnå sikkerhed, var gennem ekspansion via et stærkt militær.<sup id="cite_ref-ermarth_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ermarth-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:World_War_II_Casualties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/World_War_II_Casualties.svg/220px-World_War_II_Casualties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/World_War_II_Casualties.svg/330px-World_War_II_Casualties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/World_War_II_Casualties.svg/440px-World_War_II_Casualties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Dødsfald under anden verdenskrig</figcaption></figure> <p>Denne tilgang til omverdenen ændrede sig ikke med <a href="/wiki/Bolsjevik" title="Bolsjevik">bolsjevikkernes</a> magtovertagelse i <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionens</a> tidlige år var opfattelsen, at den selv var svag og kapitalismen stærk.<sup id="cite_ref-fleron_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fleron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Det var derfor nødvendigt at konsolidere magten. Det var da også først fra 1945, at Sovjetunionen rigtigt følte sig "konsolideret" med sejren over det fascistiske system i Vest.<sup id="cite_ref-fleron_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fleron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Herefter begyndte <a href="/wiki/Den_Kolde_Krig" class="mw-redirect" title="Den Kolde Krig">Den Kolde Krig</a>, der blev præget af et <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5benkapl%C3%B8b" class="mw-redirect" title="Våbenkapløb">våbenkapløb</a> mellem Sovjetunionen og Vesten. Denne periode varede til engang i 1970'erne, hvor Sovjetunionen og USA underskrev en række aftaler om våbenkontrol. I slutningen af 1980'erne afbrød Sovjetunionen støtten til de østeuropæiske kommunistiske regimer med den konsekvens, at de begyndte at falde fra hinanden. </p><p>I 1991 brød Sovjetunionen sammen, da præsidenten Boris Jeltsin, præsident for <a href="/wiki/RSFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="RSFSR">RSFSR</a> valgte at trække Rusland ud af Sovjetunionen, hvormed Sovjetunionen reelt ophørte med at eksistere. Den efterfølgende periode blev præget af et "<a href="/wiki/Oligarki" title="Oligarki">oligarkiets</a> diktatur", hvor russiske oligarker fik stor indflydelse på den førte politik.<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Boris Kagarlitsky taler om en <a href="/wiki/Symbiose" title="Symbiose">symbiose</a> mellem på den ene side staten og på den anden oligarkiet.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Oligarkerne hjalp blandt andet Boris Jeltsin med at blive genvalgt.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dette syntes at vare ved indtil <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>, hvor Vladimir Putin blev valgt til præsident. Han indførte en skrappere kurs overfor oligarkiet.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden&#160;maj 2022)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Hans præsidentperiode blev således kendt for en række arrestationer og nationaliseringer af virksomheder, som oligarkerne under Boris Jeltsin købte for en slik.<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. En uge før valget i <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> udtalte Putin, at oligarkiet vil "'ophøre med at eksistere<i>"<sup id="cite_ref-duncan_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duncan-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dette blev begyndelsen på et massivt angreb på Boris Berezovskij, Vladimir Gusinskij og måske mest berømt, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Khodorkovskij" title="Mikhail Khodorkovskij">Mikhail Khodorkovskij</a>, der mistede deres virksomheder.<sup id="cite_ref-duncan_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duncan-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I takt med en generel bedring af økonomien som følge af stigende olie- og gaspriser, lykkedes det Putin i denne periode at rette op på økonomien.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Den_Russiske_Føderation"><span id="Den_Russiske_F.C3.B8deration"></span>Den Russiske Føderation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Den Russiske Føderation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Den Russiske Føderation"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_F%C3%B8derations_historie" title="Den Russiske Føderations historie">Den Russiske Føderations historie</a></span></span></div> <p>Den Russiske Føderation opstod i 1991 efter, at Sovjetunionen brød sammen. Boris Jeltsin blev den første folkevalgte præsident. Jeltsins periode var præget af uroligheder og økonomisk forfald. Hans efterfølger Vladimir Putin, der blev valgt i 2001, formår at få kontrol med det store land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rusland_under_Boris_Jeltsin">Rusland under Boris Jeltsin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Rusland under Boris Jeltsin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Rusland under Boris Jeltsin"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Jeltsin" title="Boris Jeltsin">Boris Jeltsin</a></span></span></div> <p>Boris Jeltsin blev Ruslands første folkevalgte præsident, der blev genvalgt igen i 1996 med 35,8&#160;% af stemmerne mod hans nærmeste konkurrent, <a href="/wiki/Kommunist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kommunist">kommunisten</a> Gennadij Sjuganovs 32,5%<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Til gengæld blev Det Russiske Kommunistparti Statsdumaens største ved parlamentsvalget i 1995<sup id="cite_ref-dumavalg_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dumavalg-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Først og fremmest var Rusland under Jeltsin kendetegnet af økonomisk og politisk uro. Op gennem 1980erne var Sovjetunionens økonomi gået i stå. Væksten var negativ<sup id="cite_ref-easterly_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-easterly-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dette havde en negativ på det russiske <a href="/wiki/BNP" class="mw-redirect" title="BNP">BNP</a>, der ifølge officielle data var i frit fald fra 1991 til 1996<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Den negative udvikling kan også ses i den positive udvikling i hjemmebrug<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, der voksede uafbrudt fra 1990 til 1998<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. I et forsøg på at "Vestliggøre" Rusland gennemførte Jeltsin en privatisering af de russiske statsvirksomheder<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky2_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Ud af dette udviklede der sig den føromtalte symbiose mellem de russiske ledere, der havde brug for oligarkernes finansiering til at blive genvalgt, men samtidig havde oligarkerne brug for staten til at reproducere det system, som oligarkerne havde skabt<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Denne støtte vekslede oligarkerne til indflydelse og magt over præsidenten. Et eksempel på dette var oligarkernes utilfredshed med daværende ministerpræsident, <a href="/wiki/Jevgenij_Primakov" title="Jevgenij Primakov">Jevgenij Primakov</a>, der på grund af sin lyserøde politik blev ønsket afsat, hvorefter han vitterligt blev afsat af præsident Jeltsin<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky209_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky209-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Et andet problem der prægede Rusland og i særdeleshed præsidenten i 1990erne, var Jeltsins helbredsmæssige problemer<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Den_første_krig_i_Tjetjenien_(1993-1997)"><span id="Den_f.C3.B8rste_krig_i_Tjetjenien_.281993-1997.29"></span>Den første krig i Tjetjenien (1993-1997)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Den første krig i Tjetjenien (1993-1997)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Den første krig i Tjetjenien (1993-1997)"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_f%C3%B8rste_krig_i_Tjetjenien&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den første krig i Tjetjenien (ikke skrevet endnu)">Den første krig i Tjetjenien</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg/220px-Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg/330px-Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg/440px-Evstafiev-chechnya-palace-gunman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Tjetjensk rebel nær en regeringsbygning under en pause i kamphandlingerne</figcaption></figure> <p>I 1993 rykkede russiske hærstyrker ind i Tjetjenien, idet Tjetjenien søgte at løsrive sig efter Sovjetunionens sammenbrud<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dette medførte en blodig borgerkrig, som Rusland til sidst måtte trække sig ud af, hvilket kastede Tjetjenien ud i lovløshed<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky3_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Krigen udstillede russisk svaghed, hvis hær ikke var i stand til at stille med mere end 25000 kampberedte tropper, der var demoraliserede og dårligt uddannede. Der var endvidere problemer med forsyningerne. Og måske vigtigste af alt, så var de ikke klar til at gå i krig mod, hvad de opfattede som andre russere<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Russiske styrker var i midten af 1990erne alligevel i stand til at begå voldshandlinger mod tjetjenere, der var mistænkt for samarbejde med rebellerne. Da sidstnævnte generobrede Groznij, gennemførte tjetjenerne lignende voldshandlinger mod tjetjenere mistænkt for samarbejde med russerne<sup id="cite_ref-global-exit_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global-exit-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. I <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> Jeltsin underskrev en <a href="/wiki/Fredsaftale" title="Fredsaftale">fredsaftale</a> med den tjetjenske præsident <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aslan_Mashkadov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aslan Mashkadov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Aslan Mashkadov</a>, der dermed sluttede krigen. Ifølge officielle russiske oplysninger, kostede krigen 30-40.000 mennesker livet, mens den russiske menneskerettighedsorganisation, Memorial, anslår antallet af døde til 50.000<sup id="cite_ref-tjetjenien1-2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tjetjenien1-2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Primakov-affæren"><span id="Primakov-aff.C3.A6ren"></span>Primakov-affæren</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Primakov-affæren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Primakov-affæren"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusland var i økonomiske krise i slutningen af 1990erne. Dette fik Jeltsin til at vælge <a href="/wiki/Jevgenij_Primakov" title="Jevgenij Primakov">Jevgenij Primakov</a> som premierminister. Han sad fra 1998 til 1999<sup id="cite_ref-duncan_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duncan-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Oligarkerne som et par år forinden havde hjulpet Jeltsin til magten, så en trussel i Primakov, der blev kaldt den lyserøde premierminister, fordi han tillod en kommunist i sin regering<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Dette førte til en situation, hvor oligarkerne indledte en åben krig med daglige angreb mod Primakov via deres medieimperier<sup id="cite_ref-kagarlitsky209_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kagarlitsky209-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Særligt oligarken, Boris Berezovskij, følte at hans magt var under pres. Det var da også ham, der var den primære årsag til Primakovs afsættelse i 1999<sup id="cite_ref-autogeneret1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogeneret1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rusland_under_Vladimir_Putin">Rusland under Vladimir Putin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Rusland under Vladimir Putin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Rusland under Vladimir Putin"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Vladimir_Putin-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin-1.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin-1.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin-1.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1724" /></a><figcaption>Vladimir Putin</figcaption></figure> <p>Vladimir Putin blev udpeget som Jeltsins efterfølger den dag, han blev valgt til premierminister, og valgt til præsident i 2000 med 52,9% af stemmerne<sup id="cite_ref-præsidentvalg00-04_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-præsidentvalg00-04-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. I Rusland er der kutyme for, at den som er premierminister også bliver valgt som præsident. Imidlertid var det ikke kun denne udpegning, som hjalp ham til magten. Hvor det i Vesten er et plus at have politisk erfaring, kan det være et minus i Rusland. Hans manglende erfaring gjorde, at han ikke var indblandet i Jeltsintidens mange intriger <sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. I samme perioder var Rusland præget af usikkerhed som følge af den dårlige økonomi såvel som uroligheder i Tjetjenien og det nordlige Kaukasus. Økonomien retter sig op som følge af stigende oliepriser<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, mens Putin sætter hårdt mod hårdt i Tjetjenien, hvor det lykkes ham at indsætte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramzan_Kodyrov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramzan Kodyrov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ramzan Kodyrov</a> som en loyal præsident. En anden udfordring som møder Putin er parlamentsvalget i 2003, som partier der støtter ham vinder. <a href="/wiki/Forenet_Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Forenet Rusland">Forenet Rusland</a> får 49,3% af pladserne i Statsdumaen mod Kommunistpartiets 11,6% <sup id="cite_ref-dumavalg93-03_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dumavalg93-03-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Den store udenrigspolitiske udfordring blev det amerikanske missilskjold, som medførte at temperaturen mellem de to lande faldt til frysepunktet. Det medførte blandt andet at ABM traktaten blev ophævet<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, hvilket fik russerne til at føle sig truet blandt andet fordi amerikanerne kan og kunne udkonkurrere dem økonomisk, og dermed opnå atomar overmagt<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. I 2004 blev han genvalgt med 71,3% af stemmerne<sup id="cite_ref-præsidentvalg00-04_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-præsidentvalg00-04-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi_2">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Redigér afsnit: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusland er <a href="/wiki/Verdens_landes_arealer" title="Verdens landes arealer">det største land i verden</a>; landets samlede areal er 17.125.200 km².<sup id="cite_ref-General_Information_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-General_Information-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-area_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I juli 2017 var der 28 <a href="/wiki/UNESCO%27s_Verdensarvsomr%C3%A5der" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO&#39;s Verdensarvsområder">UNESCO-verdensarvssteder</a> i Rusland,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 44 UNESCO-<a href="/wiki/Biosf%C3%A6rereservat" title="Biosfærereservat">biosfærereservater</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 50 <a href="/wiki/Nationalpark" title="Nationalpark">nationalparker</a><sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden&#160;juli 2017)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> og 110 <a href="/wiki/Naturreservat" title="Naturreservat">naturreservater</a><sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden&#160;juli 2017)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>. Landet strækker sig nord-syd mellem <a href="/wiki/Breddegrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Breddegrad">breddegraderne</a> 41° N og 82° N og vest-øst mellem <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6ngdegrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Længdegrad">længdegraderne</a> 19° Ø og 169° V. </p><p>Ruslands territoriale ekspansion skete stort set i slutningen af <a href="/wiki/1500-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1500-tallet">1500-tallet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ivan_4._af_Rusland" title="Ivan 4. af Rusland">zar Ivan IV's</a> regeringstid under ledelse af <a href="/wiki/Kosak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosak">kosakken</a> <a href="/wiki/Jermak_Timofeevitj" title="Jermak Timofeevitj">Jermak Timofeevitj</a>, på et tidspunkt, hvor de konkurrerende fyrstendømmer hovedsageligt i den <a href="/wiki/Europ%C3%A6isk_Rusland" title="Europæisk Rusland">europæiske del af Rusland</a> var blevet forenet under <a href="/wiki/Zar-Rusland" title="Zar-Rusland">Zar-Rusland</a>. Timofejevitsj mønstrede en hær og drog mod øst, hvor han besejrede næsten alle de lande, der havde været underlagt mongolerne og besejrede deres hersker, Khan Kutjum.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rusland har omfattende naturressourcer, herunder store forekomster af <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8mmer" title="Tømmer">tømmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olie" title="Olie">olie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naturgas" title="Naturgas">naturgas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kul">kul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malm" title="Malm">malme</a> og andre <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineralressourcer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grænselande"><span id="Gr.C3.A6nselande"></span>Grænselande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Redigér afsnit: Grænselande" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Grænselande"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusland er det land i verden, der har flest landfaste naboer, i alt 14. Af disse var 8<sup><b>*</b></sup> tidligere en del af <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>: </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 20%; padding-right: 1em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hviderusland" title="Hviderusland">Hviderusland</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 35%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a><sup><b>*</b></sup> (kun igennem <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad-eksklaven</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongoliet" title="Mongoliet">Mongoliet</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 35%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea">Nordkorea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> (kun igennem <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad-eksklaven</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografi">Topografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Redigér afsnit: Topografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Topografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Vasyugan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vasyugan.jpg/220px-Vasyugan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vasyugan.jpg/330px-Vasyugan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vasyugan.jpg/440px-Vasyugan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vestsibiriske_slette" title="Vestsibiriske slette">Vestsibiriske slette</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Shavlo_100917_0244-Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shavlo_100917_0244-Edit.jpg/220px-Shavlo_100917_0244-Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shavlo_100917_0244-Edit.jpg/330px-Shavlo_100917_0244-Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shavlo_100917_0244-Edit.jpg/440px-Shavlo_100917_0244-Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2450" data-file-height="1640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Altaj_(bjergk%C3%A6de)" title="Altaj (bjergkæde)">Altaj</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Den længste afstand i Rusland er omkring 8000 km langs en geodætisk linje. Punkterne er i vest den 60 km lange <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82alandtangen" title="Wisłalandtangen">Wisłalandtange</a> nær grænsen til <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, der adskiller <a href="/wiki/Gdanskbugten" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdanskbugten">Gdanskbugten</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82abugten" title="Wisłabugten">Wisłabugten</a> ved <a href="/wiki/%C3%98sters%C3%B8en" title="Østersøen">Østersøen</a> og i sydøst <a href="/wiki/Kurilerne" title="Kurilerne">Kurilerne</a> syd for <a href="/wiki/Kamtjatka" title="Kamtjatka">Kamtjatkahalvøen</a> mellem det <a href="/wiki/Okhotske_Hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Okhotske Hav">Okhotske Hav</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stillehavet" title="Stillehavet">Stillehavet</a>. Den længste afstand langs en længdegrad er 6.600 km fra hinanden langs en geodætisk linje. Punkterne er i vest, den samme landtange på grænsen til Polen, og i øst, <a href="/wiki/Ratmanova_%C3%B8en" title="Ratmanova øen">Ratmanova øen</a>. Den Russiske Føderation spænder over 11 <a href="/wiki/Tidszone" title="Tidszone">tidszoner</a>. </p><p>Det meste af Rusland består af store områder med <a href="/wiki/Slette" title="Slette">sletter</a>, der mod syd hovedsageligt er <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a> og mod nord dækket af store <a href="/wiki/Skov" title="Skov">skovområder</a>, med <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> langs nordkysten. 10% af verdens dyrkbare landbrugsjord ligger i Rusland.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De sydlige grænser er præget af bjergkæder, i <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus">Kaukasus</a>, med <a href="/wiki/Elbrus" title="Elbrus">Elbrus</a>, der med 5.642 m er det højeste bjerg både i Rusland og <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> og <a href="/wiki/Altaj_(bjergk%C3%A6de)" title="Altaj (bjergkæde)">Altaj</a>, med <a href="/wiki/Belukha" title="Belukha">Belukha</a>, som med 4.506 m er det højeste punkt i <a href="/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien">Sibirien</a> uden for det <a href="/wiki/Russisk_fjern%C3%B8sten" title="Russisk fjernøsten">Russisk fjernøsten</a>; og i de østlige dele, såsom <a href="/wiki/Verkhojanskij" title="Verkhojanskij">Verkhojanskij bjergkæden</a> og vulkanerne på <a href="/wiki/Kamtjatka" title="Kamtjatka">Kamtjatka-halvøen</a>, med <a href="/wiki/Kljutjevskaja_Sopka" title="Kljutjevskaja Sopka">Kljutjevskaja Sopka</a>, der på 4.750 m er den højeste aktive vulkan i <a href="/wiki/Eurasien" title="Eurasien">Eurasien</a> samt det højeste punkt i <a href="/wiki/Nordasien" title="Nordasien">Asiatisk Rusland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ural" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural">Uralbjergene</a>, der er rig på <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineralressourcer</a>, udgør en nord-syd-gående bjergkæde, der deler Europa og Asien. </p><p>Rusland har en omfattende kystlinje på over 37.000 km langs <a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stillehavet" title="Stillehavet">Stillehavet</a>, samt langs <a href="/wiki/%C3%98sters%C3%B8en" title="Østersøen">Østersøen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azovhavet" class="mw-redirect" title="Azovhavet">Azovhavet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sortehavet" title="Sortehavet">Sortehavet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Det_Kaspiske_Hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Kaspiske Hav">Det Kaspiske Hav</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barentshavet" title="Barentshavet">Barentshavet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Det_Hvide_Hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Hvide Hav">Det Hvide Hav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karahavet" title="Karahavet">Karahavet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laptevhavet" title="Laptevhavet">Laptevhavet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Det_%C3%98stsibiriske_Hav" title="Det Østsibiriske Hav">Det Østsibiriske Hav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tjuktjerhavet" title="Tjuktjerhavet">Tjuktjerhavet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beringshavet" title="Beringshavet">Beringshavet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Det_Okhotske_Hav" title="Det Okhotske Hav">Det Okhotske Hav</a> og <a href="/wiki/Det_Japanske_Hav" title="Det Japanske Hav">Det Japanske Hav</a> forbinder Rusland med <a href="/wiki/Arktis" title="Arktis">Arktis</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stillehavet" title="Stillehavet">Stillehavet</a>. Ruslands store øer og øgrupper omfatter <a href="/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja">Novaja Zemlja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josefs_Land" title="Franz Josefs Land">Franz Josefs Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severnaja_Zemlja" title="Severnaja Zemlja">Severnaja Zemlja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nysibiriske_%C3%B8er" title="Nysibiriske øer">Nysibiriske øer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrangel%C3%B8en" title="Wrangeløen">Wrangeløen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurilerne" title="Kurilerne">Kurilerne</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diomede%C3%B8erne" title="Diomedeøerne">Diomedeøerne</a>, hvoraf <a href="/wiki/Ratmanova_%C3%B8en" title="Ratmanova øen">Ratmanova øen</a> er russisk og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Diomede_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Diomede Island (ikke skrevet endnu)">Lille Diomedeø</a> er <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a>, ligger kun 3 km fra hinanden, og den russiske <a href="/wiki/Kunasjir" title="Kunasjir">Kunasjir</a>-øen ligger omkring 20 km fra den <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">japanske</a> <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>. </p><p>Rusland har tusindvis af floder og indre vandområder, der giver landet en af verdens største overfladevandressourcer. Landets søer indeholder ca. en fjerdedel af verdens flydende <a href="/wiki/Ferskvand" title="Ferskvand">ferskvand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Det største og mest fremtrædende af Ruslands ferske vandområder er <a href="/wiki/Bajkals%C3%B8en" title="Bajkalsøen">Bajkalsøen</a>, verdens dybeste, reneste, ældste og mest rummelige ferskvands sø.<sup id="cite_ref-baikal_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baikal-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bajkal alene indeholder over en femtedel af verdens friske overfladevand.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Andre større søer omfatter <a href="/wiki/Ladoga" title="Ladoga">Ladoga</a> og <a href="/wiki/Onega_(s%C3%B8)" title="Onega (sø)">Onega</a>, de to største søer i Europa. Rusland er efter Brasilien det land der har flest ferskvandressourcer. Af landets 100.000 floder,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> er <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> den mest berømte, både som længste flod i Europa, og den store rolle floden har spillet i russisk historie.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De sibiriske floder <a href="/wiki/Ob" title="Ob">Ob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenisej" title="Jenisej">Jenisej</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lena_(flod)" title="Lena (flod)">Lena</a> og <a href="/wiki/Amur" title="Amur">Amur</a> er blandt <a href="/wiki/Verdens_l%C3%A6ngste_floder" title="Verdens længste floder">de længste floder i verden</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Redigér afsnit: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Klima"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den enorme størrelse af Rusland og mange områders store afstand til havet resulterer i at det fugtige <a href="/wiki/Kontinentalklima" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontinentalklima">kontinentalklima</a> er fremherskende i alle dele af landet bortset fra tundraen og længst mod sydøst. Bjergene mod syd forhindrer varme luftmasser fra <a href="/wiki/Det_Indiske_Ocean" title="Det Indiske Ocean">Det Indiske Ocean</a> at strømme ind over stepperne, mens de vestlige og nordlige sletter gør landet åbent for <a href="/wiki/Arktisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Arktisk">arktiske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Atlanten" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanten">atlantiske</a> påvirkninger.<sup id="cite_ref-congress_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Størstedelen af det <a href="/wiki/Nordeuropa" title="Nordeuropa">nordeuropæiske</a> Rusland og Sibirien har et <a href="/wiki/Subpolarklima" title="Subpolarklima">subpolarklima</a> med ekstremt hårde vintre i de indre områder af det nordøstlige Sibirien (specielt <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Sakha_(Jakutien)" title="Republikken Sakha (Jakutien)">Republikken Sakha</a>, hvor den <a href="/wiki/Kuldepol" title="Kuldepol">nordlige kuldepol</a> er placeret med den rekordlave temperatur på -71,2 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>) og mere moderate vintre andre steder. Både striben af land langs kysten af <a href="/wiki/Ishavet" title="Ishavet">Ishavet</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslands_arktiske_%C3%B8er&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslands arktiske øer (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ruslands arktiske øer</a> har <a href="/wiki/Polarklima" title="Polarklima">polarklima</a>. </p><p>Den kystnære del af <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_kraj" title="Krasnodar kraj">Krasnodar kraj</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Sortehavet" title="Sortehavet">Sortehavet</a>, især i <a href="/wiki/Sotji" title="Sotji">Sotji</a>, har et fugtigt <a href="/wiki/Subtropisk_klima" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropisk klima">subtropisk klima</a> med milde og våde vintre. I mange regioner i <a href="/wiki/Sibiriske_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Sibiriske føderale distrikt">Østsibirien</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fjern%C3%B8stlige_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Fjernøstlige føderale distrikt">Fjernøsten</a> er vinteren tør i forhold til sommeren; andre dele af landet oplever mere jævn nedbør over årstiderne. Vinternedbør i de fleste dele af landet falder normalt som sne. Regionen langs <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Nedre Volga</a> og <a href="/wiki/Det_Kaspiske_Hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Kaspiske Hav">Det Kaspiske Hav</a>, samt nogle områder i det sydligste Sibirien, har <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steppeklima&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steppeklima (ikke skrevet endnu)">steppeklima</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Vejr for Russia </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">Maj </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Okt </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">År </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; background: #99CCCC; color:#000000;">Højest målte °C </th> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;">23,4 </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;">27 </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;">31 </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;">36,8 </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;">38,7 </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF;">43,7 </td> <td style="background: #C90000; color:#FFFFFF;">45,4 </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;">45 </td> <td style="background: #C90000; color:#FFFFFF;">45,4 </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;">36,3 </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;">29,1 </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;">27,2 </td> <td style="background: #C90000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">45,4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; background: #99CCCC; color:#000000;">Lavest målte °C </th> <td style="background: #000065; color:#FFFFFF;">−71,2 </td> <td style="background: #000077; color:#FFFFFF;">−67,8 </td> <td style="background: #00009E; color:#FFFFFF;">−60,6 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;">−57,2 </td> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−35,8 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;">−22,2 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;">−9,3 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;">−17,1 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−27,6 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;">−48,7 </td> <td style="background: #0000AA; color:#FFFFFF;">−58,5 </td> <td style="background: #000089; color:#FFFFFF;">−64,5 </td> <td style="background: #000065; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−71,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:88%;">Kilde 1: Pogoda.ru.net - Climate Monitor<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_Monitor_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_Monitor-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> — Meteo.ru - Baseline Climatological Data Sets<sup id="cite_ref-Baseline_Climatological_Data_Sets_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baseline_Climatological_Data_Sets-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:88%;">Kilde 2: NOAA NCDC - Climate Data Online<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_Data_Online_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_Data_Online-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>I hele landet er der i praksis kun to årstider, vinter og sommer. Foråret og efteråret er der normalt korte perioder med forandring mellem ekstremt lave og ekstremt høje temperaturer.<sup id="cite_ref-congress_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Den koldeste måned er januar (februar ved kysten); Den varmeste er normalt juli. Store temperaturintervaller er typiske. Om vinteren er de laveste temperaturen mod nord og øst. Somre kan være ganske varme, selv i Sibirien.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Det indre af kontinentet er de tørreste områder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversitet">Biodiversitet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Redigér afsnit: Biodiversitet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Biodiversitet"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Naturen_i_Rusland" title="Naturen i Rusland">Naturen i Rusland</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Medved_mzoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Medved_mzoo.jpg/170px-Medved_mzoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Medved_mzoo.jpg/255px-Medved_mzoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Medved_mzoo.jpg/340px-Medved_mzoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Den <a href="/wiki/Brun_bj%C3%B8rn" title="Brun bjørn">brune bjørn</a> er et populært symbol for Rusland</figcaption></figure> <p>Fra nord til syd er den <a href="/wiki/%C3%98steurop%C3%A6iske_Slette" title="Østeuropæiske Slette">Østeuropæiske Slette</a>, også kendt som russiske slette, i rækkefølge <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">arktisk tundra</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A5letr%C3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Nåletræ">nåletræs</a> <a href="/wiki/Taiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiga">taiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tempereret_l%C3%B8vf%C3%A6ldende_skov" title="Tempereret løvfældende skov">tempereret løvfældende skov</a>, græsarealer (<a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>) og <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rken" title="Ørken">halvørken</a> (i <a href="/wiki/Det_Kaspiske_Hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Kaspiske Hav">Det Kaspiske Havs</a> kystegne). Ændringerne i vegetationen afspejler de forskellige klimatiske forhold. Sibirien understøtter en lignende sekvens, dog er de største områder <a href="/wiki/Taiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiga">taiga</a>. Rusland har verdens største skovreserver,<sup id="cite_ref-fao.org_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao.org-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kendt som "Europas lunger",<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kun overgået af <a href="/wiki/Regnskoven_i_Amazonas" title="Regnskoven i Amazonas">Regnskoven i Amazonas</a> i mængden af <a href="/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid">kuldioxid</a>, skovene absorberer. </p><p>Der er 266 pattedyrarter og 780 fuglearter i Rusland. I alt er 415 dyrearter er blevet optaget i Den Russiske Føderations <a href="/wiki/IUCN%27s_r%C3%B8dliste" title="IUCN&#39;s rødliste">rødliste</a> fra 1997 og er nu beskyttet.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Redigér afsnit: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Demografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Den_russiske_folket%C3%A6lling_2010" title="Den russiske folketælling 2010">Den russiske folketælling 2010</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russisk-befolkning.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Russisk-befolkning.jpeg/220px-Russisk-befolkning.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Russisk-befolkning.jpeg/330px-Russisk-befolkning.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Russisk-befolkning.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>Grafisk oversigt over den russiske befolkning</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sourb_Gevorg_Art_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sourb_Gevorg_Art_1.JPG/220px-Sourb_Gevorg_Art_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sourb_Gevorg_Art_1.JPG/330px-Sourb_Gevorg_Art_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sourb_Gevorg_Art_1.JPG/440px-Sourb_Gevorg_Art_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armeniere" title="Armeniere">Armeniere</a> i Volgograd</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%802._2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%802._2016.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%802._2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%802._2016.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%802._2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%802._2016.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%802._2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tuvinere" title="Tuvinere">Tuvinere</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_Cosmos_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Geek_Picnic_2018_SPb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="1826" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russere" title="Russere">Russere</a> i St. Petersborg</figcaption></figure> <p>Ifølge en folkeoptælling i 2002, består den russiske befolkning primært af etniske <a href="/wiki/Russere" title="Russere">russere</a> (79,8&#160;%), dernæst <a href="/wiki/Tatarer_(tyrkisk_folk)" title="Tatarer (tyrkisk folk)">tartarer</a> (3,8&#160;%), <a href="/wiki/Ukrainere" title="Ukrainere">ukrainere</a> (2&#160;%), <a href="/wiki/Basjkirere" title="Basjkirere">bashkirer</a> (1,2&#160;%), <a href="/wiki/Tjuvasjere" title="Tjuvasjere">chuvash</a> (1,1&#160;%) samt andre (12,1%). Derudover består den russiske befolkning af <a href="/wiki/Armener" class="mw-redirect" title="Armener">armenere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tjetjener" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjetjener">tjetjenere</a>. Tilsammen udgør disse befolkningsgrupper 140.041.247 ifølge et 2009 estimat. Den største del af befolkningen hører til aldersgruppen 15-64 årige med en lille overvægt af kvinder, hvilket også gør sig gældende for de to andre befolkningsgrupper (0-14 og dem over 65 år). I sidstnævnte gruppe er der dog langt flere kvinder end mænd. Den russiske befolkning svinder ind, hvilket vil sige, at der dør (16,06 / 1000) flere end der fødes (11 / 1000). Således toppede væksten i den russiske befolkning i <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> med 148.704.000 russere for herefter at svinde ind til i <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> til blot 148.306.000<sup id="cite_ref-rand_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rand-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. I 2009 blev væksten i befolkningen registreret til at være negativ på cirka 0,1% i følge Verdensbanken. </p> <div style="font-size: 90%"> <table class="wikitable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#F99;" colspan="2">Den russiske befolkning)<sup id="cite_ref-cia_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Medianalder for hele befolkningen</b></td> <td>38,4 år (2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td>... for mænd</td> <td>35,2 år. </td></tr> <tr> <td>... for kvinder</td> <td>41,6 år </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Urbaniseringsgrad</b></td> <td>73,2% (2008) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vækst i urbanisering</b></td> <td>0,01%(2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Barnedødelighed</b></td> <td>8,1 / 1000 (2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td>... drenge</td> <td>9,04 / 1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>... piger</td> <td>7,11 / 1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Forventet levetid ved fødsel</b></td> <td>68,7 år (2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td>... mænd</td> <td>62,8 år. </td></tr> <tr> <td>... kvinder</td> <td>74,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Fertilitet</b></td> <td>1,54 fødte per kvinde (2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Antal smittet med HIV</b></td> <td>940.000 (2007) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Antal døde som følge af HIV</b></td> <td>40.000 (2007) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Antal voksne der kan læse</b></td> <td>99% (2002) </td></tr> <tr> <td>...mænd</td> <td>99,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>...kvinder</td> <td>99,2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Forventet antal skoleår - fra primær til tertiær uddannelse</b></td> <td>14 år (2006) </td></tr> <tr> <td>...mænd</td> <td>13 år </td></tr> <tr> <td>...kvinder</td> <td>14 år </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Indsatte i russiske fængsler</b></td> <td>86.459 (2003)<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden&#160;juni 2020)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Indsatte i russiske fængsler ud af 100.000</b></td> <td>606 (2003)<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser" title="Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser"><span title="Dette udsagn mangler reference til pålidelige kilder. (siden&#160;juni 2020)">kilde mangler</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Redigér afsnit: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Religion"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den største religion i Rusland er ortodoks kristendom (70-80%), islam (8-9%), andre kristne (1-2%), buddhister (0,6%) og jøder (0,3%)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Ifølge den russiske forfatning skal den russiske stat garantere for befolkningens rettigheder uafhængigt af deres religiøse ståsted såvel som køn, etnicitet etc.<sup id="cite_ref-forfatning-17-64_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forfatning-17-64-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Større_byer"><span id="St.C3.B8rre_byer"></span>Større byer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Redigér afsnit: Større byer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Større byer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Russiske_byer" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiske byer">Russiske byer</a></span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Petersborg" title="Sankt Petersborg">Sankt Petersborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jekaterinburg" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizjnij_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizjnij Novgorod">Nizjnij Novgorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tjeljabinsk" title="Tjeljabinsk">Tjeljabinsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rostov_ved_Don" title="Rostov ved Don">Rostov ved Don</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ufa_(by)" title="Ufa (by)">Ufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perm_(by)" title="Perm (by)">Perm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnojarsk" title="Krasnojarsk">Krasnojarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voronezj" title="Voronezj">Voronezj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toljatti" title="Toljatti">Toljatti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izjevsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Izjevsk">Izjevsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uljanovsk" title="Uljanovsk">Uljanovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnaul" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl">Jaroslavl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tjumen" title="Tjumen">Tjumen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makhatjkala" title="Makhatjkala">Makhatjkala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novokuznetsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Novokuznetsk">Novokuznetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemerovo" title="Kemerovo">Kemerovo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Økonomi"><span id=".C3.98konomi"></span>Økonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Redigér afsnit: Økonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Økonomi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:HDP_PPP_per_capita_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HDP_PPP_per_capita_Russia.jpg/220px-HDP_PPP_per_capita_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HDP_PPP_per_capita_Russia.jpg/330px-HDP_PPP_per_capita_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/HDP_PPP_per_capita_Russia.jpg/440px-HDP_PPP_per_capita_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>BNP 1991-2019</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengevæsen"><span id="Pengev.C3.A6sen"></span>Pengevæsen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Redigér afsnit: Pengevæsen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Pengevæsen"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Broom_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kost"><img alt="Kost" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/20px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/30px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/40px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <b>Tekst mangler</b>, hjælp os med at skrive teksten</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landbrug,_skovbrug_og_fiskeri"><span id="Landbrug.2C_skovbrug_og_fiskeri"></span>Landbrug, skovbrug og fiskeri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Redigér afsnit: Landbrug, skovbrug og fiskeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Landbrug, skovbrug og fiskeri"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landbrug står for kun 4,9% af Ruslands bruttonationalprodukt, men det er blevet mere effektivt end tidligere. I <a href="/wiki/1980%27erne" title="1980&#39;erne">1980'erne</a> måtte Rusland importere store mængder <a href="/wiki/Hvede" title="Hvede">hvede</a> fra <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. Siden 2001 er Rusland blevet nettoeksportør af hvede, takket være bedre styring og bedre kornsorter. Blandt de mest betydningsfulde afgrøder er hvede, <a href="/wiki/Byg" title="Byg">byg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kartoffel" title="Kartoffel">kartofler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sukkerroe" title="Sukkerroe">sukkerroer</a>. </p><p>De seneste år har Rusland, efter at have udbygget dele af landbruget, eksporteret en del korn, 16,5 millioner tons i 2008 – mest byg og hvede. </p><p>Sibiriens skove (<a href="/wiki/Taiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiga">taiga</a>) dækker et areal på mere end 3 millioner kvadratkilometer, og der vokser en femtedel af hele verdens træer. Siden Sovjetunionens fald har den russiske regering inviteret udenlandske firmaer til at fælde skovene for at få gang i økonomien. Der kommer masser af illegalt fældet tømmer fra Rusland til Europa. <a href="/wiki/WWF" class="mw-redirect" title="WWF">WWF</a> (Verdensnaturfonden) mener at næsten 50% af tømmeret er fældet ulovligt, det vil sige, at tømmeret er blevet fældet uden der er blevet givet lov til det<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Tømmereksporten er ekspanderet kraftigt - i 1994 blev der solgt for 1,650 millioner dollars tømmer, men i 2003, blev der solgt for hele 3,500 millioner dollars, det er over en fordobling på bare 9 år. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fiskeri" title="Fiskeri">Fiskeri</a> er et vigtigt erhverv i Rusland. Man eksporterer 1,5 millioner tons fisk hvert år til lande i hele verden, og i Rusland er forbruget af fisk lige så stort. Fisk er en meget populær mad i Rusland, men for mange fattige familier i Rusland er det blevet en dyr luksus. I 1990 blev den russiske fiskeflåde solgt til et privatejet firma. Efter det, besluttede det firma, som blev kaldt ”Nordfisk”, kun at fange <a href="/wiki/Torsk" title="Torsk">torsk</a>, for brændstoffet var blevet for dyrt til at sejle efter <a href="/wiki/Sild" title="Sild">sild</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makrel" title="Makrel">makrel</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sardin" title="Sardin">sardiner</a> fordi de var meget længere væk end torsken var. Derudover var det lettere at komme af med torsken i Norge end de andre fisk, og desuden var den norske pris langt bedre end i Rusland. Men der var en dominoeffekt ved dette, og det var at ledigheden steg i Rusland. For de steder hvor fabrikkerne havde større afdelinger med sild, makrel eller sardiner havde de ikke brug for lige så mange arbejdere i de afdelinger, og der var ikke plads til dem i torskeafdelingen. Fiskeproduktionen er derfor også faldet siden 1990. I 1996 var produktionen oppe på næsten 5 mil. tons, men i 2008 3,5 mil. tons. Rusland eksporterer en del fiskekonserves til Kina, Japan og Europa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Råstofudvinding"><span id="R.C3.A5stofudvinding"></span>Råstofudvinding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Redigér afsnit: Råstofudvinding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Råstofudvinding"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Broom_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kost"><img alt="Kost" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/20px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/30px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/40px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <b>Tekst mangler</b>, hjælp os med at skrive teksten</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industri">Industri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Redigér afsnit: Industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Industri"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Broom_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kost"><img alt="Kost" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/20px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/30px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/40px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <b>Tekst mangler</b>, hjælp os med at skrive teksten</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Redigér afsnit: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Politik"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Vladimir_Putin_-_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vladimir_Putin_-_2012.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_-_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vladimir_Putin_-_2012.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_-_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vladimir_Putin_-_2012.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_-_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="3586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:2020_Mikhail_Mishustin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2020_Mikhail_Mishustin.jpg/220px-2020_Mikhail_Mishustin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/2020_Mikhail_Mishustin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Misjustin" title="Mikhail Misjustin">Mikhail Misjustin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regeringsform">Regeringsform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Redigér afsnit: Regeringsform" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Regeringsform"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ifølge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_russiske_f%C3%B8derations_forfatning&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den russiske føderations forfatning (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ruslands forfatning</a> er landet en <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8deration" title="Føderation">føderal</a> <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentiel_republik" class="mw-redirect" title="Præsidentiel republik">semipræsidentiel</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a>, hvor <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sident" title="Præsident">præsidenten</a> er <a href="/wiki/Statsoverhoved" title="Statsoverhoved">statsoverhoved</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og <a href="/wiki/Premierminister" title="Premierminister">premierministeren</a> er <a href="/wiki/Regeringschef" title="Regeringschef">regeringschef</a>. Den Russiske Føderation er fundamentalt struktureret som et <a href="/wiki/Repr%C3%A6sentativt_demokrati" title="Repræsentativt demokrati">repræsentativt demokrati</a> med flere <a href="/wiki/Politisk_parti" title="Politisk parti">politiske partier</a>, hvor den føderale <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_regering" title="Ruslands regering">regering</a> består af tre grene: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lovgivende_magt" title="Lovgivende magt">Lovgivende magt</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tokammersystem" title="Tokammersystem">Tokammerparlamentet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_f%C3%B8derale_forsamling" title="Ruslands føderale forsamling">Ruslands føderale forsamling</a>, består af det 170 medlemmers store <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8derationsr%C3%A5det_(Rusland)" title="Føderationsrådet (Rusland)">Føderationsråd</a> og den 450 medlemmers store <a href="/wiki/Dumaen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumaen">Statsduma</a>, de to kamre opgave er at vedtage føderale love, erklære krig, godkende traktater, kontrol over budgetter og beskatning og kan stille præsidenten for <a href="/wiki/Rigsret" title="Rigsret">rigsret</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ud%C3%B8vende_magt" title="Udøvende magt">Udøvende magt</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_pr%C3%A6sidenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruslands præsidenter">Præsidenten</a> er den <a href="/wiki/%C3%98verstkommanderende" title="Øverstkommanderende">øverstkommanderende</a> for de <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_milit%C3%A6r" title="Ruslands militær">Ruslands væbnede styrker</a>, kan veto lovforslag, inden de bliver lov, og udpeger regeringen i Rusland (kabinet) og andre embedsmænd, som administrerer og håndhæver føderale love og politikker.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8mmende_magt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dømmende magt">Dømmende magt</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Forfatningsdomstolen_i_Den_Russiske_F%C3%B8deration" title="Forfatningsdomstolen i Den Russiske Føderation">Forfatningsdomstolen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_Russiske_F%C3%B8derations_H%C3%B8jesteret&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den Russiske Føderations Højesteret (ikke skrevet endnu)">Højesteret</a> og lavere føderale domstole, hvis dommere udnævnes af Føderationsrådet efter indstilling fra præsidenten, fortolker love og kan afvise love, som de anser for forfatningsstridige.</li></ul> <p>Præsidenten vælges ved almindelige valg for en seksårig periode (berettiget til en anden periode, men ikke til en tredje periode på hinanden følgende).<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Regeringens ministerkollegiet sammensættes af premierministeren og hans stedfortrædere, ministre og udvalgte andre individer; Alle udpeges af præsidenten på premierministerens anbefaling (mens udnævnelsen af premierministeren kræver statsdumaens samtykke). Ledende politiske partier i Rusland omfatter <a href="/wiki/Forenede_Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Forenede Rusland">Forenede Rusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_F%C3%B8derations_Kommunistiske_Parti" title="Den Russiske Føderations Kommunistiske Parti">Det Kommunistiske Parti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_Liberaldemokratiske_Parti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruslands Liberaldemokratiske Parti">Liberaldemokratisk Parti</a> og <a href="/wiki/Retf%C3%A6rdigt_Rusland" title="Retfærdigt Rusland">Retfærdigt Rusland</a>. I 2013 blev Rusland klassificeret som det 122. 167 lande i demokratiindekset, udarbejdet af <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist Intelligence Unit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wjp_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wjp-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mens World Justice Project i øjeblikket rangerer Rusland som 80. af 99 undersøgte lande med hensyn til retsstatsprincipper.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_inddelinger">Administrative inddelinger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Redigér afsnit: Administrative inddelinger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Administrative inddelinger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_f%C3%B8derale_enheder" title="Ruslands føderale enheder">Ruslands føderale enheder</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Federal_subjects_of_Russia_(by_type).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Federal_subjects_of_Russia_%28by_type%29.svg/220px-Federal_subjects_of_Russia_%28by_type%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Federal_subjects_of_Russia_%28by_type%29.svg/330px-Federal_subjects_of_Russia_%28by_type%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Federal_subjects_of_Russia_%28by_type%29.svg/440px-Federal_subjects_of_Russia_%28by_type%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>Subnationale enheder i Rusland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Map_of_Russian_districts,_2016-07-28.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Russian_districts%2C_2016-07-28.svg/220px-Map_of_Russian_districts%2C_2016-07-28.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Russian_districts%2C_2016-07-28.svg/330px-Map_of_Russian_districts%2C_2016-07-28.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Russian_districts%2C_2016-07-28.svg/440px-Map_of_Russian_districts%2C_2016-07-28.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Føderale distrikter i Rusland</figcaption></figure> <p>Rusland har i alt 85 administrative områder, der hver har 2 delegerede i forbundsrådet, som er overhuset i Ruslands <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">parlament</a>. De 85 områder er af 6 forskellige typer som har forskellige grader af selvstyre: </p> <ol><li>22 <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_republikker" title="Ruslands republikker">republikker</a> har egen grundlov, parlament og præsident. De har selvstyre på mange områder og er normalt hjemland for et bestemt ikke-russisk folkeslag.</li> <li>46 <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_oblaster" title="Ruslands oblaster">oblaster</a> er den mest udbredte føderale enhed.</li> <li>9 <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_krajer" title="Ruslands krajer">krajer</a> er som oblasterne, men er sædvanligvis mere perifere og tyndtbefolkede.</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_autonome_oblaster" title="Ruslands autonome oblaster">autonom oblast</a>, den <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8diske_autonome_oblast" title="Jødiske autonome oblast">Jødiske autonome oblast</a>.</li> <li>4 <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_autonome_okruger" title="Ruslands autonome okruger">autonome okrugerer</a> har mere selvstyre end oblasterne, men mindre end republikkerne. De har normalt en dominerende etnisk minoritet.</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8derale_byer_i_Rusland" title="Føderale byer i Rusland">føderale byer</a>: <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Petersborg" title="Sankt Petersborg">Sankt Petersborg</a><sup id="cite_ref-forfatning-65-79_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forfatning-65-79-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treaty_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treaty-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>De 85 områder er fordelt på 8 føderale distrikter, der med deres administrationsbyer er: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Centrale_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Centrale føderale distrikt">Centrale føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydlige_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Sydlige føderale distrikt">Sydlige føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rostov_ved_Don" title="Rostov ved Don">Rostov ved Don</a>) (inklusiv <a href="/wiki/Krim" title="Krim">Krim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordvestlige_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Nordvestlige føderale distrikt">Nordvestlige føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sankt_Petersborg" title="Sankt Petersborg">Sankt Petersborg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgas_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Volgas føderale distrikt">Volgas føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nisjnij_Novgorod" title="Nisjnij Novgorod">Nisjnij Novgorod</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordkaukasiske_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Nordkaukasiske føderale distrikt">Nordkaukasiske føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pjatigorsk" title="Pjatigorsk">Pjatigorsk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjern%C3%B8stlige_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Fjernøstlige føderale distrikt">Fjernøstlige føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiriske_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Sibiriske føderale distrikt">Sibiriske føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urals_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Urals føderale distrikt">Urals føderale distrikt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jekaterinburg" title="Jekaterinburg">Jekaterinburg</a>)</li></ol> <p>De 22 autonome republikker er <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Adygeja" title="Republikken Adygeja">Adygeja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Altaj" title="Republikken Altaj">Altaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Basjkortostan" title="Republikken Basjkortostan">Basjkortostan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Burjatia" title="Republikken Burjatia">Burjatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Dagestan" title="Republikken Dagestan">Dagestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Ingusjetien" title="Republikken Ingusjetien">Ingusjetien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kabardino-Balkarien" title="Republikken Kabardino-Balkarien">Kabardino-Balkarien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kalmykija" title="Republikken Kalmykija">Kalmykija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Karatjajevo-Tjerkessien" title="Republikken Karatjajevo-Tjerkessien">Karatjajevo-Tjerkessien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Karelija" title="Republikken Karelija">Karelija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Khakasija" title="Republikken Khakasija">Khakasija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Komi" title="Republikken Komi">Komi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Marij_El" title="Republikken Marij El">Marij El</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Mordovija" title="Republikken Mordovija">Mordovija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Nordossetien%E2%80%93Alania" title="Republikken Nordossetien–Alania">Nordossetien–Alania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Sakha_(Jakutien)" title="Republikken Sakha (Jakutien)">Sakha (Jakutien)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Tatarstan" title="Republikken Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Tjetjenien" title="Republikken Tjetjenien">Tjetjenien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Tjuvasjien" title="Republikken Tjuvasjien">Tjuvasjien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Tyva" title="Republikken Tyva">Tyva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Udmurtien" title="Republikken Udmurtien">Udmurtien</a> samt det ulovligt okkuperede <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Krim" title="Republikken Krim">Krim</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruslands_udenrigspolitik">Ruslands udenrigspolitik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Redigér afsnit: Ruslands udenrigspolitik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ruslands udenrigspolitik"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Medlemskab af internationale og regionale organisationer: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barentsr%C3%A5det&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barentsrådet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Barentsrådet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EACP&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="EACP (ikke skrevet endnu)">EACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet">Europarådet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forenede_Nationer" title="Forenede Nationer">Forenede Nationer</a> (FN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationale_Valutafond" title="Internationale Valutafond">Den Internationale Valutafond</a> (IMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> (Organisationen for Sikkerhed og Samarbejde i Europa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnerskab_for_fred" title="Partnerskab for fred">Partnerskab for fred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNG" title="SNG">Fællesskabet af Uafhængige Stater</a> (SNG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98sters%C3%B8r%C3%A5det" title="Østersørådet">Østersørådet</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Den Russiske Føderation er anerkendt i folkeretten som en efterfølgerstat af det tidligere <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uk_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rusland fortsætter med at overholde Sovjetunionens internationale forpligtelser og har indtaget USSR's <a href="/wiki/FN%27s_sikkerhedsr%C3%A5d#Faste_medlemslande_med_vetoret" title="FN&#39;s sikkerhedsråd">faste sæde</a> i <a href="/wiki/FN%27s_sikkerhedsr%C3%A5d" title="FN&#39;s sikkerhedsråd">FN's sikkerhedsråd</a>, medlemskab i andre internationale organisationer, rettigheder og forpligtelser i henhold til internationale traktater og ejendom og gæld. Rusland har en mangesidig udenrigspolitik. Fra 2009 opretholder føderationen diplomatiske forbindelser med 191 lande og har 144 <a href="/wiki/Ambassade" title="Ambassade">ambassader</a>. <a href="/wiki/Udenrigspolitik" title="Udenrigspolitik">Udenrigspolitikken</a> fastlægges af <a href="/wiki/Ruslands_pr%C3%A6sidenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruslands præsidenter">præsidenten</a> og udføres af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_Russiske_F%C3%B8derations_udenrigsministerium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Den Russiske Føderations udenrigsministerium (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ruslands udenrigsministerium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossijskoj Federatsii</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Som den tidligere supermagts efterfølgerstat bliver Ruslands <a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">geopolitiske</a> status ofte debatteret, især i forhold til den <a href="/wiki/Magtbalanceordning" title="Magtbalanceordning">unipolære og multipolære</a> situation i det globale politiske system. Mens Rusland almindeligvis accepteres som værende en <a href="/wiki/Stormagt" title="Stormagt">stormagt</a>, har en række verdensledere,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> lærde,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kommentatorer og politikere<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i de senere år karakteriseret landet som en <a href="/wiki/Supermagt" title="Supermagt">supermagt</a> eller potentiel supermagt.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Som et af de fem faste medlemmer af FN's Sikkerhedsråd spiller Rusland en vigtig rolle i opretholdelsen af international fred og sikkerhed. Landet deltager i <a href="/wiki/Mellem%C3%B8st-kvartetten" title="Mellemøst-kvartetten">Mellemøstkvartetten</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> og <a href="/wiki/Sekspartsforhandlingerne" title="Sekspartsforhandlingerne">sekspartsforhandlingerne</a> med Nordkorea. Rusland var medlem af <a href="/wiki/G8_(gruppen_af_de_otte)" class="mw-redirect" title="G8 (gruppen af de otte)">G8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet">Europarådet</a>, <a href="/wiki/OSCE" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> og <a href="/wiki/APEC" title="APEC">APEC</a>. Rusland tager som regel en ledende rolle i regionale organisationer som <a href="/wiki/SNG" title="SNG">SNG</a>, <a href="/wiki/EAEU" class="mw-redirect" title="EAEU">EAEU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_kollektive_sikkerhedspagt" title="Den kollektive sikkerhedspagt">CSTO</a> og <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">SCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rusland blev den 39. medlemsstat af <a href="/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet">Europarådet</a> i 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I 1998 ratificerede Rusland <a href="/wiki/Den_Europ%C3%A6iske_Menneskerettighedskonvention" title="Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedskonvention">Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedskonvention</a>. Retsgrundlaget for EU's forbindelser med Rusland er partnerskabs- og samarbejdsaftalen, som trådte i kraft i 1997. Aftalen minder om parternes fælles respekt for demokrati og menneskerettigheder, politisk og økonomisk frihed og engagement i international fred og sikkerhed.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I maj 2003 blev EU og Rusland enige om at styrke deres samarbejde på grundlag af fælles værdier og fælles interesser.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tidligere præsident Vladimir Putin havde fremført et strategisk partnerskab med tæt integration i forskellige dimensioner, herunder etablering af fælles rum mellem EU og Rusland.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Siden Sovjetunionens opløsning har Rusland udviklet et venligere forhold til USA og NATO. NATO-Rusland-rådet blev oprettet i 2002 for at tillade USA, Rusland og de 27 allierede i NATO at arbejde sammen som lige partnere for at udvikle mulighederne for samarbejde.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:2018_BRICS_summit_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2018_BRICS_summit_%286%29.jpg/220px-2018_BRICS_summit_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2018_BRICS_summit_%286%29.jpg/330px-2018_BRICS_summit_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2018_BRICS_summit_%286%29.jpg/440px-2018_BRICS_summit_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5150" data-file-height="3541" /></a><figcaption>BRICS 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Rusland opretholder stærke og positive forbindelser med andre <a href="/wiki/BRIK" title="BRIK">BRICS-landene</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a> er den største kunde af russisk militært udstyr, og de to lande har omfattende forsvarsmæssige og strategiske kontakter.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I de seneste år har landet styrket de bilaterale bånd især med <a href="/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkerepublikken Kina">Folkerepublikken Kina</a> ved at underskrive en <a href="/wiki/Den_russisk-kinesisk_traktat_om_godt_naboskab,_venskab_og_samarbejde" title="Den russisk-kinesisk traktat om godt naboskab, venskab og samarbejde">venskabstraktat</a> samt opbygge <a href="/wiki/Olier%C3%B8rledning_%C3%98stsibirien-Stillehavet" title="Olierørledning Østsibirien-Stillehavet">Olierørledning Østsibirien-Stillehavet</a> og en gasledning fra <a href="/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien">Sibirien</a> til Kina.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Et vigtigt aspekt i Ruslands forhold til <a href="/wiki/Vesten" title="Vesten">Vesten</a> er kritikken af Ruslands politiske system og <a href="/wiki/Menneskerettighederne" title="Menneskerettighederne">menneskerettigheder</a> (herunder <a href="/wiki/LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT-rettigheder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ytringsfrihed" title="Ytringsfrihed">ytringsfrihed</a> og rapporter om dræbte journalister) af vestlige regeringer, massemedier og de førende demokrati- og menneskerettighedsvagthunde. Navnlig anser sådanne organisationer som <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> og <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> at Rusland ikke har sikret tilstrækkelige demokratiske rettigheder og ikke tillader sine borgere at have politiske rettigheder og borgerlige friheder.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, en international organisation finansieret af <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, rangerer Rusland som "ikke fri" og citerer "omhyggeligt konstruerede valg" og "fravær" af fri debat.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De russiske myndigheder afviser disse påstande og kritiserer især Freedom House. Det russiske udenrigsministerium har kaldt 2006-rapporten om frihed i verden som "præfabrikeret", hvori det hedder, at menneskerettighedsspørgsmålene er blevet til et politisk våben, især af <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. Ministeriet hævder også, at organisationer som Freedom House og Human Rights Watch bruger udvælgelse af "isolerede fakta, som naturligvis kan findes i ethvert land" og ophøjer dem til dominerende tendenser.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Redigér afsnit: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Kultur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg/220px-Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg/330px-Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg/440px-Kustodiev_Merchants_Wife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption><i>Købmandens hustru</i> af <a href="/wiki/Boris_Kustodijev" title="Boris Kustodijev">Boris Kustodijev</a>, der viser den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russiske_te-kultur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russiske te-kultur (ikke skrevet endnu)">russiske te-kultur</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kulturen i Rusland er præget af den <a href="/wiki/Russere" title="Russere">russiske</a> befolkning så vel som andre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etniske_grupperinger_i_Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Etniske grupperinger i Rusland (ikke skrevet endnu)">nationaliteter i Rusland</a> samt russisk-orienterede grupper uden for Rusland. Russisk kultur kan således være meget forskelligartet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folkelore_og_køkken"><span id="Folkelore_og_k.C3.B8kken"></span>Folkelore og køkken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Redigér afsnit: Folkelore og køkken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Folkelore og køkken"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikler: <a href="/wiki/Det_russiske_k%C3%B8kken" title="Det russiske køkken">Det russiske køkken</a>&#32;og&#32;<a href="/wiki/Russisk_vin" title="Russisk vin">Russisk vin</a></span></span></div> <p>Der er over 160 forskellige etniske grupper og oprindelige folk i Rusland.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnicgroups_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnicgroups-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Landets store kulturelle mangfoldighed spænder fra etniske russere med deres <a href="/wiki/Slavere" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavere">slaviske</a> <a href="/wiki/Ortodokse_kirke" title="Ortodokse kirke">ortodokse</a> traditioner, <a href="/wiki/Tatarer_(tyrkisk_folk)" title="Tatarer (tyrkisk folk)">tatarer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Basjkirere" title="Basjkirere">basjkirere</a> med deres tyrkisk muslimske kultur, <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">buddhistiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Nomade" title="Nomade">nomadiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Burjatere" title="Burjatere">burjatere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kalmukker" title="Kalmukker">kalmukker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shamanisme" title="Shamanisme">shamanistiske</a> folkeslag i de nordlige områder og <a href="/wiki/Sibirien" title="Sibirien">Sibirien</a>, bjergfolk i det nordlige <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus">Kaukasus</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Finsk-ugriske_folkeslag" title="Finsk-ugriske folkeslag">finsk-ugriske folkeslag</a> i det russiske nordvest og <a href="/wiki/Volgas_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Volgas føderale distrikt">Volgaområdet</a>. </p><p>Kunsthåndværk, som Kirov legetøj, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khokhloma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khokhloma (ikke skrevet endnu)">khokhloma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gzjel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gzjel (ikke skrevet endnu)">gzjel</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palekh_miniaturer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palekh miniaturer (ikke skrevet endnu)">palekh miniaturer</a> repræsenterer vigtige dele af den russiske folkekultur. Oprindeligt russisk tøj består af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaftan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaftan (ikke skrevet endnu)">kaftan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovorotka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovorotka (ikke skrevet endnu)">kosovorotka</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usjanka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Usjanka (ikke skrevet endnu)">usjanka</a> for mænd, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarafan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarafan (ikke skrevet endnu)">sarafan</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokosjnik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokosjnik (ikke skrevet endnu)">kokosjnik</a> for kvinder, begge køn anvender bastskoene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapti (ikke skrevet endnu)">lapti</a> og filtstøvlerne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valenki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valenki (ikke skrevet endnu)">valenki</a>. Kosakkers tøj fra det sydlige Rusland består bl.a. af mandskappen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burka_(mandskappe)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Burka (mandskappe) (ikke skrevet endnu)">burka</a> og kosakhuen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papakha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Papakha (ikke skrevet endnu)">papakha</a>, som de deler med befolkningen i det nordlige Kaukasus. </p><p>Det russiske køkken er meget varieret og har elementer fra de mange etniske grupper, og har påvirket køkkenet i store dele af det tidligere <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.JPG/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.JPG/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.JPG/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3118" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaukasien" title="Kaukasien">Kaukasien</a></figcaption></figure> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Det_russiske_k%C3%B8kken" title="Det russiske køkken">det russiske køkken</a> anvendes <a href="/wiki/Fisk" title="Fisk">fisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fjerkr%C3%A6" title="Fjerkræ">fjerkræ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svampe" title="Svampe">svampe</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6r" title="Bær">bær</a> og <a href="/wiki/Honning" title="Honning">honning</a>. Ved dyrkningen af <a href="/wiki/Rug" title="Rug">rug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hvede" title="Hvede">hvede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byg" title="Byg">byg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hirse" title="Hirse">hirse</a> produceres ingredienserne til de forskellige <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød">brød</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandekage" title="Pandekage">pandekager</a> og <a href="/wiki/Korn" title="Korn">korn</a>, samt for drikkene <a href="/wiki/Kvas" title="Kvas">kvas</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98l" title="Øl">øl</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a>. Mørkt brød er populært i Rusland, der er en del af <a href="/wiki/Rugbr%C3%B8dsgr%C3%A6nsen" title="Rugbrødsgrænsen">rugbrødsbæltet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Supper og gryderetter inkluderer <a href="/wiki/Sjtsji" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjtsji">sjtsji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borsjtj" title="Borsjtj">borsjtj</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukha (ikke skrevet endnu)">ukha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soljanka" title="Soljanka">soljanka</a> og <a href="/wiki/Okrosjka" title="Okrosjka">okrosjka</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smetana_(mejeriprodukt)" title="Smetana (mejeriprodukt)">Smetana</a> (et syrnet flødeprodukt, der minder om <a href="/wiki/Cremefraiche" title="Cremefraiche">cremefraiche</a>) tilsættes ofte til supper og salater. <a href="/wiki/Kibinai" title="Kibinai">Piroger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">pirozjok</span>), <a href="/wiki/Blini" title="Blini">blini</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrniki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrniki (ikke skrevet endnu)">syrniki</a> (dessert pandekage) er forskellige pandekager og indbagte retter. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kylling_Kijev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kylling Kijev (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kylling Kijev</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">pelmeni</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sjasjlyk" title="Sjasjlyk">sjasjlyk</a> er populære kødretter. Andre kødretter omfatter <a href="/wiki/Dolmer" title="Dolmer">fyldte kålruller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golubtsy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Golubtsy (ikke skrevet endnu)">golubtsy</a></span>), der som regel er fyldt med kød.<sup id="cite_ref-mrig-golubtsy_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrig-golubtsy-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Salater omfatter <a href="/wiki/Italiensk_salat" title="Italiensk salat">olivier-salat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinegret&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinegret (ikke skrevet endnu)">vinegret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">винегрет</span>) og <a href="/wiki/Sildesalat" title="Sildesalat">sild i pels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog)">russisk</a>&#58; <span lang="ru">seld pod sjúboj</span>). </p><p>Ruslands store antal etniske grupper har karakteristiske <a href="/wiki/Folkemusik" title="Folkemusik">folkemusik-traditioner</a>. Typiske originale russiske musikinstrumenter er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gusli&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gusli (ikke skrevet endnu)">gusli</a>, et instrument tilsvarende det mellemeuropæiske <a href="/wiki/Citar" title="Citar">citar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balalajka" title="Balalajka">balalajka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zjalejka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zjalejka (ikke skrevet endnu)">zjalejka</a>, et <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8rblad" title="Rørblad">rørbladsinstrument</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Harmonika" title="Harmonika">garmon</a>. Folkemusikken har haft en betydelig indflydelse på russiske klassiske komponister, og i moderne tid er det en kilde til inspiration for en række populære <a href="/wiki/Folkemusik" title="Folkemusik">folkemusikere</a>. Russiske folkemusik sange, såvel som patriotiske sovjetiske sange, udgør størstedelen af det verdensberømte <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%B8de_H%C3%A6rs_kor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Røde Hærs kor (ikke skrevet endnu)">Røde Hærs kor</a> og andre populære ensemblers repertoire. </p><p>Russere har mange traditioner, herunder ophold i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Banja (ikke skrevet endnu)">banja</a>, et dampbad, der minder om <a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">sauna</a>. Gamle russiske folklore har rødder i den hedenske slaviske religion. Mange russiske eventyr og episke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bylina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bylina (ikke skrevet endnu)">bylinaer</a> er blevet <a href="/wiki/Animationsfilm" class="mw-redirect" title="Animationsfilm">animationsfilm</a>, eller til spillefilm af fremtrædende instruktører som <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Ptusjko" title="Aleksandr Ptusjko">Aleksandr Ptusjko</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ilja_Muromets_(film_fra_1956)" title="Ilja Muromets (film fra 1956)">Ilja Muromets</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadko&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadko (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sadko</a></i>) og <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Rou" title="Aleksandr Rou">Aleksandr Rou</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Morozko" title="Morozko">Morozko</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Den_smukke_Vasilisa" title="Den smukke Vasilisa">Vasilisa den smukke</a></i>). Russisk digtere, herunder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pjotr_Jersjov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pjotr Jersjov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Pjotr Jersjov</a> og <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Filatov" title="Leonid Filatov">Leonid Filatov</a>, har skabt en række velkendte poetiske fortolkninger af klassiske russiske eventyr, og i nogle tilfælde, ligesom <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Pusjkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Pusjkin">Aleksandr Pusjkin</a>, også skabt helt originale populære eventyrdigte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arkitektur">Arkitektur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Redigér afsnit: Arkitektur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Arkitektur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_arkitektur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk arkitektur (ikke skrevet endnu)">Russisk arkitektur</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Grand_Peterhof_Palace9726.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Grand_Peterhof_Palace9726.jpg/220px-Grand_Peterhof_Palace9726.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Grand_Peterhof_Palace9726.jpg/330px-Grand_Peterhof_Palace9726.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Grand_Peterhof_Palace9726.jpg/440px-Grand_Peterhof_Palace9726.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peterhofs_palads" title="Peterhofs palads">Peterhofs palads</a>, Sankt Petersborg</figcaption></figure> <p>Siden <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristningen</a> af <a href="/wiki/Kijevriget" title="Kijevriget">Kijevriget</a> har russisk arkitektur i årstal først og fremmest været præget af den <a href="/wiki/Byzantinsk_arkitektur" title="Byzantinsk arkitektur">byzantinske arkitektur</a>. Bortset fra de centrale befæstninger (<a href="/wiki/Kreml" title="Kreml">kremlerne</a>), var de vigtigste stenbygninger i Kijevriget <a href="/wiki/Ortodokse_kirke" title="Ortodokse kirke">ortodokse kirker</a> med deres mange <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gkuppel" title="Løgkuppel">kupler</a>, ofte forgyldte eller smukt malede. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristotile_Fioravanti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristotile Fioravanti (ikke skrevet endnu)">Aristotile Fioravanti</a> og andre <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">italienske</a> <a href="/wiki/Arkitekt" title="Arkitekt">arkitekter</a> bragte <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A6ssancen" title="Renæssancen">renæssancens</a> strømninger til Rusland fra slutningen af <a href="/wiki/1400-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1400-tallet">1400-tallet</a>, mens der <a href="/wiki/1500-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1500-tallet">1500-tallet</a> byggedes flere kirker, bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Vasilij-katedralen" title="Vasilij-katedralen">Vasilij-katedralen</a>, med pyramidetag.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> På den tid var løgkuplen helt udviklet.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/1600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-tallet</a> blomstrede byggeri med ornamentik i Moskva og <a href="/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl">Jaroslavl</a>, efterhånden banedes vejen for <a href="/wiki/Barokken" title="Barokken">Narysjkinskij barok</a> i 1690'erne. Efter <a href="/wiki/Peter_den_Store#Eftermæle" title="Peter den Store">Peter den Stores reformer</a> fulgte skiftene af arkitektoniske stilarter i Rusland generelt de <a href="/wiki/Vesteuropa" title="Vesteuropa">vesteuropæiske</a> strømninger. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallets</a> smag for <a href="/wiki/Rokoko" title="Rokoko">rokoko</a> arkitektur førte til at <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> og hans tilhængere fik udsmykningsopgaver. Under <a href="/wiki/Katharina_2._af_Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Katharina 2. af Rusland">Katarina den Stores</a> og hendes barnebarn <a href="/wiki/Alexander_1._af_Rusland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander 1. af Rusland">Aleksandr I</a>'s regeringstid blomstrende af <a href="/wiki/Nyklassicisme" title="Nyklassicisme">den neoklassiske arkitektur</a>, især i <a href="/wiki/Hovedstad" title="Hovedstad">hovedstaden</a> <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Petersborg" title="Sankt Petersborg">Sankt Petersborg</a>. Anden halvdel af <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a> blev domineret af de nybyzantinsk og russiske revival stilarter. <a href="/wiki/1900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1900-tallet">1900-tallet</a> var præget af <a href="/wiki/Art_nouveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Art nouveau">Art nouveau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstruktivisme_(kunst)" title="Konstruktivisme (kunst)">Konstruktivisme</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetisk_monumental_klassicisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovjetisk monumental klassicisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sovjetisk monumental klassicisme</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_download_manager2-70%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <span>Hovedartikel: <a href="/wiki/Russisk_litteratur" title="Russisk litteratur">Russisk litteratur</a>.</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:L.N.Tolstoy_Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/L.N.Tolstoy_Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg/170px-L.N.Tolstoy_Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/L.N.Tolstoy_Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg/255px-L.N.Tolstoy_Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/L.N.Tolstoy_Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg/340px-L.N.Tolstoy_Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2167" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoj" title="Lev Tolstoj">Lev Tolstoj</a>, forfatter og filosof</figcaption></figure> <p>I begyndelsen af <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> under den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russiske_oplysningstid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russiske oplysningstid (ikke skrevet endnu)">russiske oplysningstid</a> fik udviklingen af russisk litteratur et løft af værker af <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Mikhail Lomonosov</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Fonvizin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Fonvizin (ikke skrevet endnu)">Denis Fonvizin</a>. I det tidlige <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tal</a> fremvoksede en moderne russisk tradition, der frembragte nogle af de største forfattere i russisk historie. Denne periode, også kendt som <a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_guldalder" title="Den Russiske guldalder">den Russiske guldalder</a>, indledtes med <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Sergejevitj_Pusjkin" title="Aleksandr Sergejevitj Pusjkin">Aleksandr Pusjkin</a>, der betragtes som grundlæggeren af det moderne russiske litterære sprog og ofte beskrives som den "russiske Shakespeare".<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dette fortsatte ind i 1800-tallet med poesi fra <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_J._Lermontov" title="Mikhail J. Lermontov">Mikhail Lermontov</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Nekrasov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaj Nekrasov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nikolaj Nekrasov</a>, skuespil af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Ostrovskij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Ostrovskij (ikke skrevet endnu)">Aleksandr Ostrovskij</a> og <a href="/wiki/Anton_Tjekhov" title="Anton Tjekhov">Anton Tjekhov</a>, samt prosa af <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Gogol" title="Nikolaj Gogol">Nikolaj Gogol</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Ivan Turgenev</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoj" title="Lev Tolstoj">Lev Tolstoj</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fjodor_Dostojevskij" title="Fjodor Dostojevskij">Fjodor Dostojevskij</a> er blevet beskrevet af litterære kritikere som de største romanforfattere til alle tider.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/1880%27erne" title="1880&#39;erne">1880'erne</a> var de store romanforfatteres tid forbi, og noveller samt poesi blev de dominerende genrer. De næste årtier blev kendt som <a href="/wiki/Den_russiske_s%C3%B8lvalder" title="Den russiske sølvalder">den russiske poesis sølvalder</a>, da den tidligere dominerende <a href="/wiki/Realisme_(litteratur)" title="Realisme (litteratur)">litterære realisme</a> blev erstattet af <a href="/wiki/Symbolisme_(stilperiode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolisme (stilperiode)">symbolisme</a>. Førende forfattere af denne æra omfatter digtere såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerij_Brjusov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerij Brjusov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Valerij Brjusov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vjatjeslav_Ivanov_(digter)" title="Vjatjeslav Ivanov (digter)">Vjatjeslav Ivanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Blok" title="Aleksandr Blok">Aleksandr Blok</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Gumiljov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaj Gumiljov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nikolaj Gumiljov</a> og <a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Anna Akhmatova</a> samt romanforfattere såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonid_Andreev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonid Andreev (ikke skrevet endnu)">Leonid Andreev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Maksim_Gorkij" title="Maksim Gorkij">Maksim Gorkij</a>. </p><p>Russisk filosofi blomstrede i <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a>, hvor den var splittet op i en vestlig fløj, der ville efterligne <a href="/wiki/Vesten" title="Vesten">Vestens</a> politiske og økonomiske modeller, og en <a href="/wiki/Slavofil" title="Slavofil">slavofil</a> fløj, der ønskede at udvikle Rusland som en unik civilisation. Sidstnævnte gruppe inkluderede bl.a. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaj_Danilevskij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaj Danilevskij (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nikolaj Danilevskij</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Leontev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Leontev (ikke skrevet endnu)">Konstantin Leontev</a>, grundlæggerne af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasianisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurasianisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">eurasianisme</a>. I dens efterfølgende udvikling havde russisk filosofi altid en stærk forbindelse til litteratur, og filosoffer interesserede sig for kreativitet, samfundet, politik og nationalisme. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_kosmisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk kosmisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Russisk kosmisme</a> og religiøs filosofi havde ligeledes stor indflydelse. I slutning af 1800-tallet og i starten af <a href="/wiki/1900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1900-tallet">1900-tallet</a> var de betydningsfulde filosoffer bl.a. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Solovjov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Solovjov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vladimir Solovjov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergej_Bulgakov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergej Bulgakov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sergej Bulgakov</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Vernadskij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Vernadskij (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vladimir Vernadskij</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Alexander_Pushkin_2013-10-06_17-38.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Alexander_Pushkin_2013-10-06_17-38.jpg/220px-Alexander_Pushkin_2013-10-06_17-38.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Alexander_Pushkin_2013-10-06_17-38.jpg/330px-Alexander_Pushkin_2013-10-06_17-38.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Alexander_Pushkin_2013-10-06_17-38.jpg/440px-Alexander_Pushkin_2013-10-06_17-38.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Sergejevitj_Pusjkin" title="Aleksandr Sergejevitj Pusjkin">Aleksandr Pusjkin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Efter <a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_Revolution_1917" title="Den Russiske Revolution 1917">den russiske revolution i 1917</a> forlod mange prominente forfattere og filosoffer landet - herunder Bunin, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Berdjaev" title="Nikolaj Berdjaev">Nikolaj Berdjaev</a> - mens en ny generation af talentfulde forfattere gik sammen i et forsøg på at skabe en selvstændig <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbejderkultur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbejderkultur (ikke skrevet endnu)">arbejderkultur</a>, der kunne understøtte den nydannede <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetunion">sovjetiske stat</a>. I <a href="/wiki/1930%27erne" title="1930&#39;erne">1930'erne</a> blev der udøvet øget censur overfor litteraturen, så den i større udstrækning ville afspejle statens version af <a href="/wiki/Socialistisk_realisme" title="Socialistisk realisme">socialistisk realisme</a>. I slutningen af <a href="/wiki/1950%27erne" title="1950&#39;erne">1950'erne</a> blev begrænsningerne lettet, og i <a href="/wiki/1970%27erne" title="1970&#39;erne">1970'erne</a> og <a href="/wiki/1980%27erne" title="1980&#39;erne">1980'erne</a> ignorerede forfattere i stigende grad de officielle retningslinjer. Førende forfattere i sovjettiden omfatter romanforfatterne <a href="/wiki/Jevgenij_Zamjatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jevgenij Zamjatin">Jevgenij Zamjatin</a> (emigrerede), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilf_og_Petrov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilf og Petrov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ilf og Petrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a> (censureret) og <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sjolokhov" title="Mikhail Sjolokhov">Mikhail Sjolokhov</a> samt digterne <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Majakovskij" title="Vladimir Majakovskij">Vladimir Majakovskij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jevgenij_Jevtusjenko" title="Jevgenij Jevtusjenko">Jevgenij Jevtusjenko</a>, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrej_Voznesenskij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrej Voznesenskij (ikke skrevet endnu)">Andrej Voznesenskij</a>. </p><p>Sovjetunionen var også en stor producent af <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, skrevet af forfattere som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkadij_og_Boris_Strugatskij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkadij og Boris Strugatskij (ikke skrevet endnu)">Arkadij og Boris Strugatskij</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kir_Bulytjov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kir Bulytjov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kir Bulytjov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Beljaev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Beljaev (ikke skrevet endnu)">Aleksandr Beljaev</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Jefremov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Jefremov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ivan Jefremov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Traditionen for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_science_fiction_og_fantasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk science fiction og fantasi (ikke skrevet endnu)">russisk science fiction og fantasi</a> fortsættes i dag af mange forfattere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-perepis-2010.ru-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-perepis-2010.ru_1-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt">ОБ ИТОГАХ ВСЕРОССИЙСКОЙ ПЕРЕПИСИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ 2010 ГОДА (<i>Results of the Russian 2010 census</i>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118212344/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt">Arkiveret</a> 18. januar 2012 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.perepis-2010.ru/">http://www.perepis-2010.ru/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221135253/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/">Arkiveret</a> 21. februar 2014 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gen_2-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Hentet 20. juni 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&amp;rft.pub=IMF&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2015%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D83%26pr.y%3D16%26sy%3D2015%26ey%3D2015%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D193%252C273%252C223%252C156%252C924%252C922%252C132%252C184%252C134%252C534%252C536%252C136%252C158%252C112%252C111%252C542%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf3_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf3_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=24&amp;pr.y=4&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2015&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=922&amp;s=NGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2015%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D24%26pr.y%3D4%26sy%3D2015%26ey%3D2015%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D922%26s%3DNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html">"Distribution of family income – Gini index"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. CIA. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html">originalen</a> 13. juni 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 5. januar 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Distribution+of+family+income+%E2%80%93+Gini+index&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2172.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_7-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf">"2014 Human Development Report Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (engelsk). United Nations Development Programme. 2014. s.&#160;21-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 27. juli 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2014+Human+Development+Report+Summary&amp;rft.pages=21-25&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr14-summary-en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"The names Russian Federation and Russia shall be equal". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-02.htm">"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. <i>(Article 1)</i> (engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 25. juni 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%28Article+1%29&amp;rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Russian+Federation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.ru%2Fen%2F10003000-02.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_9-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513251/Russia">"Russia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 31. januar 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Russia&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F513251%2FRussia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416134542/https://www.greece.mid.ru/rus/russia/territoria_naselenie.html">"Территория и население Российской Федерации"</a>. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greece.mid.ru/rus/russia/territoria_naselenie.html">originalen</a> 16. april 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greece.mid.ru%2Frus%2Frussia%2Fterritoria_naselenie.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Russia.html">"Russia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Russia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationsencyclopedia.com%2Feconomies%2FEurope%2FRussia.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contrtv.ru/repress/2689/">"Рекорды и антирекорды России"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contrtv.ru%2Frepress%2F2689%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gksru.doc-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gksru.doc_13-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228145924/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B16_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk04/8-0.doc">"Демография"</a> &#91;Demography&#93;. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Federal State Statistics Service (ikke skrevet endnu)">Russian Federal State Statistics Service</a></i> (russisk). 2016. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B16_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk04/8-0.doc">originalen</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span> 28. december 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 20. oktober 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&amp;rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Fbgd%2Ffree%2FB16_00%2FIssWWW.exe%2FStg%2Fdk04%2F8-0.doc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gksru.xls-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gksru.xls_14-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190605235655/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/Popul2017.xls">"Оценка численности населения на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год"</a> &#91;Population estimates as of January 1, 2017 and the average for 2016&#93;. <i><span lang="ru">Федеральная служба государственной статистики</span> (Federal State Statistics Service)</i> (russisk). Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/Popul2017.xls">originalen</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> 5. juni 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 20. oktober 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ru%22%3E%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E+%28Federal+State+Statistics+Service%29&amp;rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2017+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B7%D0%B0+2016+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fpopulation%2Fdemo%2FPopul2017.xls&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Popnote-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Popnote_15-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Når man inkluderer <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Krim" title="Republikken Krim">Republikken Krim</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, er det samlede indbyggertal i Rusland 146.804.372.<sup id="cite_ref-gksru.xls_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gksru.xls-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513251/Russia?anchor=ref422350">"Russia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 31. januar 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Russia&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F513251%2FRussia%3Fanchor%3Dref422350&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_17-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis_17-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFExcerpted_from_Glenn_E._Curtis_(ed.)1998" class="citation web cs1">Excerpted from Glenn E. Curtis (ed.) (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230631/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Kievan.html">"Russia: A Country Study: Kievan Rus' and Mongol Periods"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Kievan.html">originalen</a> 27. september 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 20. juli 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Russia%3A+A+Country+Study%3A+Kievan+Rus%27+and+Mongol+Periods&amp;rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+Federal+Research+Division+of+the+Library+of+Congress&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.au=Excerpted+from+Glenn+E.+Curtis+%28ed.%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shsu.edu%2F~his_ncp%2FKievan.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Cite_web" title="Skabelon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">&#124;last=</code> har et generisk navn (<a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:CS1-fejl#generic_name" title="Hjælp:CS1-fejl">hjælp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFChaliand1967" class="citation book cs1">Chaliand, Gérard (1967). Introduction. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=1xOTdQWlpGYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=The+Mongol+Empire:+Its+Rise+and+Legacy&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi0ifqNpOjPAhUFxFQKHdYeA94Q6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&amp;q=The%20Mongol%20Empire%3A%20Its%20Rise%20and%20Legacy&amp;f=false"><i>The Mongol Empire: Its Rise and Legacy</i></a>. Af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Prawdin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Prawdin (ikke skrevet endnu)">Prawdin, Michael</a>. Transaction Publishers. s.&#160;512-550. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/141282897X" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/141282897X"><bdi>141282897X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Introduction&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mongol+Empire%3A+Its+Rise+and+Legacy&amp;rft.pages=512-550&amp;rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft.isbn=141282897X&amp;rft.aulast=Chaliand&amp;rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.jp%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1xOTdQWlpGYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DThe%2BMongol%2BEmpire%3A%2BIts%2BRise%2Band%2BLegacy%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi0ifqNpOjPAhUFxFQKHdYeA94Q6AEIJzAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DThe%2520Mongol%2520Empire%253A%2520Its%2520Rise%2520and%2520Legacy%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFRein_Taagepera1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rein_Taagepera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rein Taagepera (ikke skrevet endnu)">Rein Taagepera</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-studies-quarterly_1997-09_41_3/page/475">"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Studies_Quarterly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Studies Quarterly (ikke skrevet endnu)">International Studies Quarterly</a></i>. <b>41</b> (3): 475-504. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053">10.1111/0020-8833.00053</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-8833">0020-8833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Studies+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=Expansion+and+Contraction+Patterns+of+Large+Polities%3A+Context+for+Russia&amp;rft.volume=41&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=475-504&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053&amp;rft.issn=0020-8833&amp;rft.au=Rein+Taagepera&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-studies-quarterly_1997-09_41_3%2Fpage%2F475&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_TurchinThomas_D._HallJonathan_M._Adams2006" class="citation web cs1">Peter Turchin; Thomas D. Hall; Jonathan M. Adams (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222011511/http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol12/number2/pdf/jwsr-v12n2-tah.pdf">"East-West Orientation of Historical Empires"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. 12 (no. 2). s.&#160;219-229. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol12/number2/pdf/jwsr-v12n2-tah.pdf">originalen</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> 22. februar 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=East-West+Orientation+of+Historical+Empires&amp;rft.pages=219-229&amp;rft.pub=Journal+of+World-Systems+Research%2C+Vol.+12+%28no.+2%29&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.au=Peter+Turchin&amp;rft.au=Thomas+D.+Hall&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+M.+Adams&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjwsr.ucr.edu%2Farchive%2Fvol12%2Fnumber2%2Fpdf%2Fjwsr-v12n2-tah.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_R._AdelmanCristann_Lea_Gibson1989" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan R. Adelman; Cristann Lea Gibson (1. juli 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXcVAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA4+"><i>Contemporary Soviet Military Affairs: The Legacy of World War&#160;II</i></a>. Unwin Hyman. s.&#160;4. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-04-445031-3" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-04-445031-3"><bdi>978-0-04-445031-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 15. juni 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Contemporary+Soviet+Military+Affairs%3A+The+Legacy+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.pages=4&amp;rft.pub=Unwin+Hyman&amp;rft.date=1989-07-01&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-04-445031-3&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+R.+Adelman&amp;rft.au=Cristann+Lea+Gibson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXXcVAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA4%2B&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg,_G._L.1995" class="citation book cs1">Weinberg, G. L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldatarmsgloba0000gerh"><i>A World at Arms: A Global History of World War&#160;II</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. s.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldatarmsgloba0000gerh/page/264">264</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-521-55879-4" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-521-55879-4"><bdi>0-521-55879-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.pages=264&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-55879-4&amp;rft.au=Weinberg%2C+G.+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldatarmsgloba0000gerh&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rozhnov, Konstantin, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4508901.stm">Who won World War&#160;II?</a>". BBC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPinfobox1990-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GDPinfobox1990_24-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodora.com/wfb/1990/rankings/gdp_million_1.html"><i>GDP – Million 1990</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA Factbook">CIA Factbook</a>. 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 30. november 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=GDP+%E2%80%93+Million+1990&amp;rft.pub=CIA+Factbook&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theodora.com%2Fwfb%2F1990%2Frankings%2Fgdp_million_1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott and Scott (1979) p. 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctbto.org/specials/testing-times/30-october-1961-the-tsar-bomba">"October 30, 1961 – The Tsar Bomba: CTBTO Preparatory Commission"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=October+30%2C+1961+%E2%80%93+The+Tsar+Bomba%3A+CTBTO+Preparatory+Commission&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctbto.org%2Fspecials%2Ftesting-times%2F30-october-1961-the-tsar-bomba&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uk-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uk_27-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uk_27-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016040108/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/russia/">"Country Profile: Russia"</a>. Foreign &amp; Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/russia/">originalen</a> 16. oktober 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 27. december 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Russia&amp;rft.pub=Foreign+%26+Commonwealth+Office+of+the+United+Kingdom&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fco.gov.uk%2Fen%2Ftravel-and-living-abroad%2Ftravel-advice-by-country%2Fcountry-profile%2Feurope%2Frussia%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=83&amp;pr.y=16&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2015&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=193%2C273%2C223%2C156%2C924%2C922%2C132%2C184%2C134%2C534%2C536%2C136%2C158%2C112%2C111%2C542&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 27. april 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&amp;rft.pub=IMF&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2015%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D83%26pr.y%3D16%26sy%3D2015%26ey%3D2015%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D193%252C273%252C223%252C156%252C924%252C922%252C132%252C184%252C134%252C534%252C536%252C136%252C158%252C112%252C111%252C542%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.ru/en/?module=pages&amp;action=view&amp;id=1">"Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO: Panorama of Russia"</a>. Unesco.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 29. oktober 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Commission+of+the+Russian+Federation+for+UNESCO%3A+Panorama+of+Russia&amp;rft.pub=Unesco.ru&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.ru%2Fen%2F%3Fmodule%3Dpages%26action%3Dview%26id%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEA-Oil-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IEA-Oil_30-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120518015934/http://omrpublic.iea.org/omrarchive/18jan12sup.pdf">"International Energy Agency – Oil Market Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 18. januar 2012. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://omrpublic.iea.org/omrarchive/18jan12sup.pdf">originalen</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> 18. maj 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 20. februar 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=International+Energy+Agency+%E2%80%93+Oil+Market+Report&amp;rft.date=2012-01-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fomrpublic.iea.org%2Fomrarchive%2F18jan12sup.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-gas-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cia-gas_31-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2249rank.html">Country Comparison&#160;:: Natural gas – production</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315051210/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2249rank.html">Arkiveret</a> 15. marts 2016 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", CIA World Factbook. Hentet 3. februar 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fas-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fas_32-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/guide/summary.htm">"Status of Nuclear Powers and Their Nuclear Capabilities"</a>. Federation of American Scientists. marts 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hentet 26. december 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Topography+and+drainage&amp;rft.au=Library+of+Congress&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Frussia%2F23.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baikal-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-baikal_73-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Colman" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steve Colman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/baikal/">"Lake Baikal—A Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies"</a> (engelsk). United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hentet 7. maj 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Meteo.ru&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeteo.ru%2Fenglish%2Fclimate%2Fcl_data.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climate_Data_Online-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Climate_Data_Online_78-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/search?datasetid=GHCND">"NOAA NCDC Climate Data Online"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 7. maj 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NOAA+NCDC+Climate+Data+Online&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fcdo-web%2Fsearch%3Fdatasetid%3DGHCND&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFDrozdovGlezerNefedovaShabdurasulov1992" class="citation journal cs1">Drozdov, V. A.; Glezer, O. B.; Nefedova, T. G.; Shabdurasulov, I. V. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_geojournal_1992-06_27_2/page/169">"Ecological and Geographical Characteristics of the Coastal Zone of the Black Sea"</a>. <i>GeoJournal</i>. <b>27</b> (2): 169. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00717701">10.1007/BF00717701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=GeoJournal&amp;rft.atitle=Ecological+and+Geographical+Characteristics+of+the+Coastal+Zone+of+the+Black+Sea&amp;rft.volume=27&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=169&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00717701&amp;rft.aulast=Drozdov&amp;rft.aufirst=V.+A.&amp;rft.au=Glezer%2C+O.+B.&amp;rft.au=Nefedova%2C+T.+G.&amp;rft.au=Shabdurasulov%2C+I.+V.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_geojournal_1992-06_27_2%2Fpage%2F169&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fao.org-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fao.org_80-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf">"FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. Main Report. FAO Forestry Working Paper 163, Rome, Italy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 4. maj 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=FAO.+2010.+Global+Forest+Resources+Assessment+2010.+Main+Report.+FAO+Forestry+Working+Paper+163%2C+Rome%2C+Italy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F013%2Fi1757e%2Fi1757e.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh,_N._P.2003" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Walsh, N. P. (19. september 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/19/environment.russia">"It's Europe's lungs and home to many rare species. But to Russia it's £100bn of wood"</a> (engelsk). London: Guardian (UK)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 26. december 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=It%27s+Europe%27s+lungs+and+home+to+many+rare+species.+But+to+Russia+it%27s+%C2%A3100bn+of+wood&amp;rft.date=2003-09-19&amp;rft.au=Walsh%2C+N.+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fsep%2F19%2Fenvironment.russia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFI._A._Merzliakova1997" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">I. A. Merzliakova (1. november 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428185844/http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/russia/state/00440.htm">"List of animals of the Red Data Book of Russian Federation"</a> (engelsk). UNEP/GRID–Arendal. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/russia/state/00440.htm">originalen</a> 28. april 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 27. april 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=List+of+animals+of+the+Red+Data+Book+of+Russian+Federation&amp;rft.pub=UNEP%2FGRID%E2%80%93Arendal&amp;rft.date=1997-11-01&amp;rft.au=I.+A.+Merzliakova&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenrin.grida.no%2Fbiodiv%2Fbiodiv%2Fnational%2Frussia%2Fstate%2F00440.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rand-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rand_83-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF124/CF124.chap1.html">Russia's Demographic Crisis, 1. Family, Fertility, and Demographic Dynamics in Russia: Analysis and Forecast, RAND Coperation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Remington, 2008: 359</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forfatning-17-64-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-forfatning-17-64_85-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm">Rettigheder og Friheder, Den Russiske forfating</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/russia/news/?uNewsID=94160">Russia’s sustainable forestry revolution</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-05.htm">"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. <i>(Article 80, §1)</i> (engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 27. december 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%28Article+80%2C+%C2%A71%29&amp;rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Russian+Federation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.ru%2Fen%2F10003000-05.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-05.htm">"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. <i>(Article 81, §3)</i> (engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 27. december 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%28Article+81%2C+%C2%A73%29&amp;rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Russian+Federation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.ru%2Fen%2F10003000-05.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wjp-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wjp_89-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.eiu.com/rs/eiu2/images/Democracy-Index-2012.pdf">"Democracy at a standstill"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (engelsk). <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Justice_Project&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="World Justice Project (ikke skrevet endnu)">World Justice Project</a>. 2013. s.&#160;7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 9. august 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Democracy+at+a+standstill&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.pub=World+Justice+Project&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpages.eiu.com%2Frs%2Feiu2%2Fimages%2FDemocracy-Index-2012.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429071718/http://data.worldjusticeproject.org/#/index/RUS">"World Justice Project Rule of Law Index 2014"</a> (engelsk). Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldjusticeproject.org/#/index/RUS">originalen</a> 29. april 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 1. august 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+Justice+Project+Rule+of+Law+Index+2014&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldjusticeproject.org%2F%23%2Findex%2FRUS&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forfatning-65-79-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-forfatning-65-79_91-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm">Den Føderale Struktur, Den Russiske Forfatning</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treaty-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Treaty_92-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kremlin.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kremlin.ru/news/20605">Договор между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(russisk)</span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Dansk_(sprog)" title="Dansk (sprog)">dansk</a>&#58; <span lang="da"><i>~ Traktaten mellem Den Russiske Føderation og Republikken Krim om optagelsen i Den Russiske Føderation for Republikken Krim og om etablering af nye emner inden for Den Russiske Føderation</i></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFKosachev._K" class="citation web cs1">Kosachev. 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Hentet 27. december 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Russian+Foreign+Policy+Vertical&amp;rft.pub=Russia+in+Global+Affairs&amp;rft.au=Kosachev.+K&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feng.globalaffairs.ru%2Fnumber%2Fn_3372&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2009/sep/11/world/fg-russia-chavez11">Venezuela's President Hugo Chavez recognizes independence of breakaway Georgia republics</a> by Megan K. Stack. 9. september 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430182020/http://freevideo.rt.com/video/1759">Netanyahu declares Russia as superpower</a> Russia Today News 15. februar 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgiandaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=6527">Superpower Reborn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427085654/https://georgiandaily.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=6527">Arkiveret</a> 27. april 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Steel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Steel (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ronald Steel</a>. New York Times, 24. august 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-9079543725663390621">"Russia is a Superpower CNN, US Senators telling the truth"</a>. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-521-83678-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-521-83678-6"><bdi>0-521-83678-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Russia+in+the+21st+Century+The+Prodigal+Superpower&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-83678-6&amp;rft.aulast=Rosefielde&amp;rft.aufirst=Steven&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeC6HdSYZhRgC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFAtwell2008" class="citation web cs1">Atwell, Kyle (25. august 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730094430/http://atlanticreview.org/archives/1160-Is-Russia-a-Superpower-Cold-War-II.html">"Is Russia a Superpower? 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Hentet 20. oktober 2016</span>. <q>Nikonov: Russia is not a superpower and won't be one for the foreseeable future. But Russia is a great power. It was one, it is one and it will continue to be one.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=What%27s+Looming+in+Ukraine+Is+more+Threatening+than+Georgia&amp;rft.date=2008-10-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Frussia-s-strategy-what-s-looming-in-ukraine-is-more-threatening-than-georgia-a-584631.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dr.dk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr.dk">dr.dk</a> (6. juli 2004): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dr.dk/nyheder/udland/mellemoest-kvartetten-moedes-i-jerusalem">Mellemøst-kvartetten mødes i Jerusalem</a>, hentet 24. jul 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/int/sco.htm">The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> at Globalsecurity.org 27. april 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/russian-federation;jsessionid=72C03060D9E7D3EB3C05D542C3E3E1E8">"Russian Federation – Member state"</a>. 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Hentet 27. april 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Legal+framework+%E2%80%93+The+Partnership+and+Cooperation+Agreement&amp;rft.pub=Delegation+of+the+European+Union+to+Russia&amp;rft.date=2009-02-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feeas.europa.eu%2Fdelegations%2Frussia%2Feu_russia%2Fpolitical_relations%2Flegal_framework%2Findex_en.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504115512/http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/russia/eu_russia/political_relations/political_framework/index_en.htm">"Political framework – Europe and Russia: Building a Strategic Partnership"</a>. 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Hentet 25. juli 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ruetes&amp;rft.atitle=Indian+navy+gets+Russian+carrier+as+it+seeks+to+bolster+military&amp;rft.date=2013-11-16&amp;rft.aulast=Kotoky&amp;rft.aufirst=Anurag&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F11%2F16%2Fuk-russia-india-aircraftcarrier-idUKBRE9AF03820131116&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFPage2010" class="citation news cs1">Page, Jeremy (26. september 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704082104575515543164948682">"Russian Oil Route Will Open to China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hentet 27. april 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%94+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4+Freedom+House+%22%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%22+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&amp;rft.pub=Newsru.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsru.com%2Frussia%2F21jun2006%2Ffh.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Dansk_(sprog)" title="Dansk (sprog)">dansk</a>&#58; <span lang="da"><i>~ Det russiske udenrigsministerium kaldte Freedom House-rapporten "instrument" i Washingtons hænder</i></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnicgroups-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ethnicgroups_115-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php">Ethnic groups in Russia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084055/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php">Arkiveret</a> 22. juni 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2002 census, <i>Demoscope Weekly</i>. 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Moscow-russia-insiders-guide.com. 6. august 2011. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscow-russia-insiders-guide.com/how-to-cook-golubtzy.html">originalen</a> 1. maj 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 4. maj 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+Cook+Golubtzy&amp;rft.pub=Moscow-russia-insiders-guide.com&amp;rft.date=2011-08-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscow-russia-insiders-guide.com%2Fhow-to-cook-golubtzy.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">byggedesign.dk: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byggedesign.dk/tagtyper1">Tagtyper: <i>pyramidetag</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017201529/http://www.byggedesign.dk/tagtyper1">Arkiveret</a> 17. oktober 2017 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, hentet 16. oktober 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116214934/http://www.rusarch.ru/zagraevsky19.htm">The first stone tented roof church and the origins of the tented roof architecture</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Zagraevsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Zagraevsky (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sergey Zagraevsky</a> at RusArch.ru <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(russisk)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116215900/http://www.rusarch.ru/zagraevsky1.htm">The shapes of domes of ancient Russian churches</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Zagraevsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Zagraevsky (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sergey Zagraevsky</a> at the site of RusArch.ru <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(russisk)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_C2001" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, C (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/russianliteratur00kell_0"><i>Russian Literature: A Very Short Introduction (Paperback)</i></a>. 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UMI Research Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-8357-1579-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-8357-1579-5"><bdi>0-8357-1579-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Red+stars%3A+political+aspects+of+Soviet+science+fiction.+Studies+in+speculative+fiction+%28Vol.+7%2C+ill.%29&amp;rft.pub=UMI+Research+Press&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=0-8357-1579-5&amp;rft.au=McGuire%2C+Patrick+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fredstarspolitica00mcgu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFGlad,_John1971" class="citation book cs1">Glad, John (1971). <i>Russian Soviet science fiction and related critical activity</i>. 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Ayer Company. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-88143-038-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-88143-038-2"><bdi>0-88143-038-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=East+of+the+Sun%3A+Russian+and+Eastern+European+Science+Fiction.+Science+fiction+and+fantasy+criticism+%28Vol.+5%29&amp;rft.pub=Ayer+Company&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.isbn=0-88143-038-2&amp;rft.au=Tevis%2C+Yvonne+Pacheco%2C+Reginald%2C+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARusland" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Cite_book" title="Skabelon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedligeholdelse:_Flere_navne:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russiske_zarer" title="Russiske zarer">Russiske zarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberrevolutionen" title="Oktoberrevolutionen">Oktoberrevolutionen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=35" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/11px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> har flere filer relateret til <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russia">Rusland</a></b> </div></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> om <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html">Rusland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusland.dk">www.rusland.dk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025163319/https://rusland.dk/">Arkiveret</a> 25. oktober 2020 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Informationer om Rusland</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur_2">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=36" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fleron, Frederic J., Jr., Hoffmann, Erik. P. (1980). "From Cold War to Competitive Coexistence: Western Diplomacy, the Strategic Balance, The Global Economy, the Third World, International Communism, and Soviet Foreign Policy", pp.&#160;289–300 i Fleron, Frederic J., Jr., Hoffmann, Erik. P. (red.), The Conduct of Soviet Foreign Policy, Aldine Publishing Company</li> <li>Kagarlitsky, Boris (2002). Russia under Yeltsin and Putin, London: Pluto Press</li> <li>Remmington, Thomas F. (2008), "Politics in Russia", pp.&#160;358–403, i: Almond, Gabriel Al, Powerl, G. Bingham Jr., Dalton, Russel J., Strøm, Kaare (2008),Comparative Politics Today. A World View, Pearson Longman</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Lande_i_Asien" title="Skabelon:Lande i Asien"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Lande_i_Asien&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Lande i Asien (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Lande_i_Asien" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Lande i Asien"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_i_Asien" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande i <a href="/wiki/Asien" title="Asien">Asien</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja">Cambodja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern">Cypern</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippinerne" title="Filippinerne">Filippinerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forenede_Arabiske_Emirater" title="Forenede Arabiske Emirater">Forenede Arabiske Emirater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien">Indonesien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldiverne" title="Maldiverne">Maldiverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongoliet" title="Mongoliet">Mongoliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea">Nordkorea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_Ny_Guinea" title="Papua Ny Guinea">Papua Ny Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusland</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien">Saudi-Arabien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydkorea" title="Sydkorea">Sydkorea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet">Tyrkiet</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98sttimor" title="Østtimor">Østtimor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:LocationAsiaOnly.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Asien"><img alt="Asien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/LocationAsiaOnly.png/50px-LocationAsiaOnly.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/LocationAsiaOnly.png/75px-LocationAsiaOnly.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/LocationAsiaOnly.png/100px-LocationAsiaOnly.png 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorier m.v.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_og_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri og Dhekelia">Akrotiri&#160;og&#160;Dhekelia</a><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1. Ligger delvist i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>.</li> <li>2. Regnes normalt som del af <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> af kulturelle og historiske årsager.</li> <li>3. Ligger delvist i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>.</li> <li>4. Officielt Republikken Kina.</li> <li>5. Britisk baseområde på <a href="/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern">Cypern</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_i_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Lande_i_Europa" title="Skabelon:Lande i Europa"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/wiki/Skabelondiskussion:Lande_i_Europa" title="Skabelondiskussion:Lande i Europa"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Lande_i_Europa" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Lande i Europa"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_i_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanien" title="Albanien">Albanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenien" title="Armenien">Armenien</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnien-Hercegovina" title="Bosnien-Hercegovina">Bosnien-Hercegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien">Bulgarien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern">Cypern</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgien" title="Georgien">Georgien</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6kenland" title="Grækenland">Grækenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hviderusland" title="Hviderusland">Hviderusland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien">Kroatien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordmakedonien" title="Nordmakedonien">Nordmakedonien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A6nien" title="Rumænien">Rumænien</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusland</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien">Serbien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakiet" title="Slovakiet">Slovakiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenien" title="Slovenien">Slovenien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien">Spanien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien og Nordirland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkiet" title="Tjekkiet">Tjekkiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet">Tyrkiet</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungarn" title="Ungarn">Ungarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatikanstaten" title="Vatikanstaten">Vatikanstaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98strig" title="Østrig">Østrig</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Europe_blank_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Europa"><img alt="Europa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/80px-Europe_blank_map.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/120px-Europe_blank_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/160px-Europe_blank_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1245" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorier m.v.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_og_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri og Dhekelia">Akrotiri&#160;og&#160;Dhekelia</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6r%C3%B8erne" title="Færøerne">Færøerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland" title="Grønland">Grønland</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Ålandsøerne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1. Ligger delvist i <a href="/wiki/Asien" title="Asien">Asien</a>.</li> <li>2. Regnes normalt som del af <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> af kulturelle og historiske årsager.</li> <li>3. Britisk baseområde på <a href="/wiki/Cypern" title="Cypern">Cypern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:G-20" title="Skabelon:G-20"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:G-20&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:G-20 (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:G-20" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:G-20"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Argentina"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Australien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brasilien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Canada"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kina"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Den Europæiske Union"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Den_Europ%C3%A6iske_Union" title="Den Europæiske Union">EU</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Frankrig"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrig</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tyskland"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Indien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Indonesien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien">Indonesien</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Italien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Japan"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mexico"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rusland"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saudi-Arabien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabien" title="Saudi-Arabien">Saudi-Arabien</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sydafrika"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sydkorea"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="USA"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ruslands_historie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Navboks_Ruslands_historie" title="Skabelon:Navboks Ruslands historie"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/wiki/Skabelondiskussion:Navboks_Ruslands_historie" title="Skabelondiskussion:Navboks Ruslands historie"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Navboks_Ruslands_historie" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Navboks Ruslands historie"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ruslands_historie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ruslands_historie" title="Ruslands historie">Ruslands historie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Den varægiske periode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khazarere" title="Khazarere">Khazarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ringer" title="Væringer">Væringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardarige" title="Gardarige">Gardarige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorkr%C3%B8niken" title="Nestorkrøniken">Nestorkrøniken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgabulgarske_rige" title="Volgabulgarske rige">Volgabulgarske rige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kijevriget" title="Kijevriget">Kijevriget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruriksl%C3%A6gten" title="Rurikslægten">Rurikslægten</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gosudarstvennost2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Gosudarstvennost2002.jpg/150px-Gosudarstvennost2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Gosudarstvennost2002.jpg/225px-Gosudarstvennost2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Gosudarstvennost2002.jpg/300px-Gosudarstvennost2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delfyrstendømmer og det mongolske herredømme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolernes_invasion_af_Rus%27" title="Mongolernes invasion af Rus&#39;">Mongolernes invasion af Rusland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storfyrstend%C3%B8mmet_Tver" title="Storfyrstendømmet Tver">Storfyrstendømmet Tver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storfyrstend%C3%B8mmet_Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Storfyrstendømmet Vladimir-Suzdal">Storfyrstendømmet Vladimir-Suzdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Novgorod" title="Republikken Novgorod">Republikken Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Pskov" title="Republikken Pskov">Republikken Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6teborg-traktaten" title="Nöteborg-traktaten">Nöteborg-traktaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod-traktaten_(1326)" title="Novgorod-traktaten (1326)">Novgorod-traktaten (1326)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Gyldne_Horde" title="Den Gyldne Horde">Den Gyldne Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Vozja" title="Slaget ved Vozja">Slaget ved Vozja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krim-khanatet" title="Krim-khanatet">Krim-khanatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasan-khanatet" title="Kasan-khanatet">Kazan-khanatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Nevskij" title="Aleksandr Nevskij">Aleksandr Nevskij</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Storfyrstend%C3%B8mmet_Moskva" title="Storfyrstendømmet Moskva">Storfyrstendømmet Moskva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_russisk-svenske_krig_(1495-1497)" title="Den russisk-svenske krig (1495-1497)">Den russisk-svenske krig (1495-1497)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freden_i_Novgorod_(1537)" title="Freden i Novgorod (1537)">Freden i Novgorod (1537)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freden_i_Novgorod_(1557)" title="Freden i Novgorod (1557)">Freden i Novgorod (1557)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_livlandske_krig" title="Den livlandske krig">Livlandske krig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zar-Rusland" title="Zar-Rusland">Zar-Rusland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opritsjnina" title="Opritsjnina">Opritsjnina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_nordiske_25-%C3%A5rskrig" title="Den nordiske 25-årskrig">Den nordiske 25-årskrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forvirringens_tid" title="Forvirringens tid">Forvirringens tid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_polsk-russiske_krig_(1605%E2%80%931618)" title="Den polsk-russiske krig (1605–1618)">Den polsk-russiske krig (1605–1618)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_ingermanlandske_krig" title="Den ingermanlandske krig">Den ingermanlandske krig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_polsk-russiske_krig_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Den polsk-russiske krig (1654–1667)">Den polsk-russiske krig (1654–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_10._Gustavs_russiske_krig" title="Karl 10. Gustavs russiske krig">Karl 10. Gustavs russiske krig</a> 1656-1658</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perejaslav-traktaten" title="Perejaslav-traktaten">Perejaslav-traktaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrusovo-traktaten" title="Andrusovo-traktaten">Andrusovo-traktaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Nordiske_Krig" title="Den Store Nordiske Krig">Den Store Nordiske Krig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Det_Russiske_Kejserrige" title="Det Russiske Kejserrige">Det Russiske Kejserrige</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_kejserlige_russiske_fl%C3%A5de" title="Den kejserlige russiske flåde">Den kejserlige russiske flåde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiachta-traktaten" title="Kiachta-traktaten">Kiachta-traktaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_russisk-svenske_krig_(1788-1790)" title="Den russisk-svenske krig (1788-1790)">Den russisk-svenske krig 1788-1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polens_tre_delinger" title="Polens tre delinger">Polens tre delinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freden_i_Tilsit" title="Freden i Tilsit">Freden i Tilsit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_finske_krig" title="Den finske krig">Finske krig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleons_felttog_i_Rusland" title="Napoleons felttog i Rusland">Napoleons felttog i Rusland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Hellige_Alliance" title="Den Hellige Alliance">Den Hellige Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukasuskrigene" title="Kaukasuskrigene">Kaukasuskrigene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krimkrigen" title="Krimkrigen">Krimkrigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russisk-japanske_krig" title="Russisk-japanske krig">Russisk-japanske krig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Tsushima" title="Slaget ved Tsushima">Slaget ved Tsushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfronten_under_1._verdenskrig" title="Østfronten under 1. verdenskrig">Østfronten under 1. verdenskrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampene_i_Kaukasus" title="Kampene i Kaukasus">Kampene i Kaukasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjern%C3%B8stlige_Republik" title="Fjernøstlige Republik">Fjernøstlige Republik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russiske_zarer" title="Russiske zarer">Russiske zarer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_den_Store" title="Peter den Store">Peter den Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katarina_2._af_Rusland" title="Katarina 2. af Rusland">Katarina den Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_1._af_Rusland" title="Aleksandr 1. af Rusland">Alexander 1.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_1._af_Rusland" title="Nikolaj 1. af Rusland">Nikolaj 1.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_2._af_Rusland" title="Aleksandr 2. af Rusland">Aleksandr 2.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_3._af_Rusland" title="Aleksandr 3. af Rusland">Aleksandr 3.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_2._af_Rusland" title="Nikolaj 2. af Rusland">Nikolaj 2.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">De russiske-osmanniske krige</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_russisk-tyrkiske_krige" title="De russisk-tyrkiske krige">De russisk-tyrkiske krige</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ruslands opstande og revolutioner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pugatjovopstanden" title="Pugatjovopstanden">Pugatjovopstanden</a> (1773–1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Januaropstanden_(1863)" title="Januaropstanden (1863)">Januaropstanden (1863)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_Revolution_1905" title="Den Russiske Revolution 1905">Den Russiske Revolution 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Februarrevolutionen_(Rusland)" title="Februarrevolutionen (Rusland)">Februarrevolutionen (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russiske_Republik" title="Russiske Republik">Russiske Republik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_russiske_provisoriske_regering" title="Den russiske provisoriske regering">Den russiske provisoriske regering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberrevolutionen" title="Oktoberrevolutionen">Oktoberrevolutionen</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_Borgerkrig" title="Den Russiske Borgerkrig">Den Russiske Borgerkrig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russiske_SFSR" title="Russiske SFSR">Russiske SFSR</a> og en del af <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traktaten_om_dannelse_af_Unionen_af_socialistiske_sovjetrepublikker" title="Traktaten om dannelse af Unionen af socialistiske sovjetrepublikker">Traktaten om dannelse af Unionen af socialistiske sovjetrepublikker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionens_bes%C3%A6ttelse_af_de_baltiske_lande" title="Sovjetunionens besættelse af de baltiske lande">Sovjetunionens besættelse af de baltiske lande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molotov-Ribbentrop-pagten" title="Molotov-Ribbentrop-pagten">Molotov-Ribbentrop-pagten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfronten_under_2._verdenskrig" title="Østfronten under 2. verdenskrig">Østfronten under 2. verdenskrig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russiske Føderation efter 1990</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_Russiske_F%C3%B8derations_historie" title="Den Russiske Føderations historie">Den Russiske Føderations historie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Se også: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusland</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/168830626">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168830626">168830626</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n92056007">n92056007</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000123027140">0000 0001 2302 7140</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4076899-5">4076899-5</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/031531156">031531156</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122728378">cb122728378</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122728378">(data)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F003376.php">003376</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36042648">36042648</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_parlamentsbibliotek" title="Nationale parlamentsbibliotek">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569699">00569699</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkisk_nationalbibliotek" title="Tjekkisk nationalbibliotek">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge130512&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">ge130512</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08132311?l=en">DA08132311</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/language/en/63134098-188a-4d80-8178-5d123dbb9c2f">id</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//denstoredanske.lex.dk/Rusland">Rusland</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11755137"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=da&amp;pagename=Rusland&amp;params=66.42_N_94.25_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted"><span class="latitude">66°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">94°15′Ø</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted">66.42°N 94.25°Ø</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">66.42; 94.25</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐6qrh4 Cached time: 20241124111826 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.575 seconds Real time usage: 1.869 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 18514/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 325586/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 25912/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 301575/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.814/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17239159/52428800 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra "<a dir="ltr" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;oldid=11822867">https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rusland&amp;oldid=11822867</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Kategorier" title="Speciel:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rusland" title="Kategori:Rusland">Rusland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Medlemsstater_af_Europar%C3%A5det" title="Kategori:Medlemsstater af Europarådet">Medlemsstater af Europarådet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:SNG" 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