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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campuses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campuses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cambridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cambridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allston" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allston"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Allston</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allston-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Longwood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longwood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Longwood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longwood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization and administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization and administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endowment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endowment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Endowment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endowment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Divestment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divestment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Divestment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divestment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teaching_and_learning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_and_learning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Teaching and learning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_and_learning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Professional schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation_and_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Reputation and rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Student activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Student activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Student_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Student_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Student government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Student media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Athletics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Athletics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>National championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivalries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivalries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Rivalries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivalries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Faculty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harvard University</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 129 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard-universiteit" title="Harvard-universiteit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Harvard-universiteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard-Universit%C3%A4t" title="Harvard-Universität – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Harvard-Universität" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%83%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B5_%E1%8B%A9%E1%8A%92%E1%89%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%89%B2" title="ሃርቨርድ ዩኒቨርሲቲ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሃርቨርድ ዩኒቨርሲቲ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="جامعة هارفارد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة هارفارد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հարվըրտի համալսարան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հարվըրտի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_Harvard" title="Universidá de Harvard – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá de Harvard" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbo%27ehaorusu_Harvard" title="Mbo'ehaorusu Harvard – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbo'ehaorusu Harvard" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Universiteti" title="Harvard Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harvard Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="هاروارد بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاروارد بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univ%C3%A9rsitas_Harvard" title="Univérsitas Harvard – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Univérsitas Harvard" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="হার্ভার্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হার্ভার্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_T%C4%81i-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Harvard Tāi-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Harvard Tāi-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Гарвард университеты – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гарвард университеты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Гарвардскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарвардскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Гарвардзкі ўнівэрсытэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гарвардзкі ўнівэрсытэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Харвардски университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Харвардски университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_Harvard" title="Univerzitet Harvard – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Univerzitet Harvard" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skol-veur_Harvard" title="Skol-veur Harvard – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skol-veur Harvard" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_Harvard" title="Universitat Harvard – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat Harvard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%C4%95" title="Харвăрт Университечĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Харвăрт Университечĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvardova_univerzita" title="Harvardova univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harvardova univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Harvard" title="Prifysgol Harvard – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Harvard" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="لجامعة د هارڤارد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لجامعة د هارڤارد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvardi_%C3%BClikool" title="Harvardi ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harvardi ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Πανεπιστήμιο Χάρβαρντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο Χάρβαρντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Harvard" title="Universidad Harvard – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad Harvard" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_Harvard" title="Universitato Harvard – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato Harvard" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Unibertsitatea" title="Harvard Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harvard Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="دانشگاه هاروارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه هاروارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Harvard" title="Université Harvard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université Harvard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_fan_Harvard" title="Universiteit fan Harvard – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Universiteit fan Harvard" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollscoil_Harvard" title="Ollscoil Harvard – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollscoil Harvard" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilthigh_Harvard" title="Oilthigh Harvard – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oilthigh Harvard" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Harvard" title="Universidade Harvard – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universidade Harvard" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Thai-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Harvard Thai-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Harvard Thai-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%B2%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="하버드 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하버드 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%27ar_Harvard" title="Jami'ar Harvard – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jami'ar Harvard" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հարվարդի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարվարդի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="हार्वर्ड विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हार्वर्ड विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvardovo_sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te" title="Harvardovo sveučilište – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Harvardovo sveučilište" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_di_Harvard" title="Universitato di Harvard – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Universitato di Harvard" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Harvard" title="Universitas Harvard – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Harvard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Harvard-háskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harvard-háskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Harvard" title="Università Harvard – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università Harvard" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93" title="אוניברסיטת הרווארד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת הרווארד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Harvard" title="Universitas Harvard – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Universitas Harvard" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_sukul%C9%A9_k%C9%A9t%C9%9Bz%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Harvard sukulɩ kɩtɛzʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Harvard sukulɩ kɩtɛzʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF" title="ಹಾರ್ವರ್ಡ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾರ್ವರ್ಡ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гарвард университет – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гарвард университет" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჰარვარდის უნივერსიტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰარვარდის უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99niwersytet_Harvarda" title="Ùniwersytet Harvarda – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ùniwersytet Harvarda" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Гарвард университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гарвард университеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Harvard" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan%C3%AEngeha_Harvard%C3%AA" title="Zanîngeha Harvardê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zanîngeha Harvardê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລຮາວາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລຮາວາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Harvardiana" title="Universitas Harvardiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Harvardiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81rvarda_Universit%C4%81te" title="Hārvarda Universitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hārvarda Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Universit%C3%A9it" title="Harvard Universitéit – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Harvard Universitéit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvardo_universitetas" title="Harvardo universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Harvardo universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_vaan_Harvard" title="Universiteit vaan Harvard – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Universiteit vaan Harvard" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universia_Harvard" title="Universia Harvard – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Universia Harvard" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Egyetem" title="Harvard Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harvard Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Харвард – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Харвард" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2" title="ഹാർവാർഡ് സർവകലാശാല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാർവാർഡ് സർവകലാശാല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A0" title="हार्वर्ड विद्यापीठ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हार्वर्ड विद्यापीठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჰარვარდიშ უნივერსიტეტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰარვარდიშ უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="جامعة هارفارد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة هارفارد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Harvard" title="Universiti Harvard – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Harvard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Харвардын их сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Харвардын их сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ဟားဗတ် တက္ကသိုလ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟားဗတ် တက္ကသိုလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard-universiteit" title="Harvard-universiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harvard-universiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ハーバード大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーバード大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Harvard" title="Universitat de Harvard – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Universitat de Harvard" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_universiteti" title="Harvard universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Harvard universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਹਾਰਵਰਡ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਰਵਰਡ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidat_di_Harvard" title="Universidat di Harvard – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Universidat di Harvard" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8A" title="សាកលវិទ្យាល័យហាវើដ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាកលវិទ្យាល័យហាវើដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_Harvard" title="Università ëd Harvard – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Università ëd Harvard" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Harvarda" title="Uniwersytet Harvarda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Harvarda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Harvard" title="Universidade Harvard – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade Harvard" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_Harvard" title="Universitatea Harvard – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea Harvard" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Yachay_Suntur" title="Harvard Yachay Suntur – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Harvard Yachay Suntur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гарвардский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гарвардский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Һарвард Үниверситета – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Һарвард Үниверситета" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="हार्वर्ड् विश्वविद्यालयः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हार्वर्ड् विश्वविद्यालयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Varsity" title="Harvard Varsity – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Harvard Varsity" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteti_i_Harvardit" title="Universiteti i Harvardit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Universiteti i Harvardit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univirsitati_di_Harvard" title="Univirsitati di Harvard – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Univirsitati di Harvard" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="හාවඩ් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හාවඩ් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerza_Harvard" title="Univerza Harvard – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Univerza Harvard" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="زانکۆی ھارڤارد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانکۆی ھارڤارد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Универзитет Харвард – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет Харвард" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_Harvard" title="Univerzitet Harvard – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet Harvard" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvardin_yliopisto" title="Harvardin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harvardin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harvard University" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_Harvard" title="Pamantasang Harvard – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamantasang Harvard" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆர்வர்டு பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்வர்டு பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_universitet%C4%B1" title="Harvard universitetı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Harvard universitetı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హార్వర్డ్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హార్వర్డ్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="มหาวิทยาลัยฮาร์วาร์ด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยฮาร์วาร์ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Донишгоҳи Ҳарвард – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи Ҳарвард" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Harvard Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harvard Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гарвардський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гарвардський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89" title="خارۋارد ئۇنىۋېرسىتېتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خارۋارد ئۇنىۋېرسىتېتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_de_Harvard" title="Università de Harvard – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Università de Harvard" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Harvard" title="Đại học Harvard – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Harvard" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="哈佛大學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哈佛大學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_Harvard" title="Unibersidad Harvard – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unibersidad Harvard" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈佛大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98" title="הארווארד אוניווערסיטעט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הארווארד אוניווערסיטעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunif%C3%A1s%C3%ADt%C3%AC_Harvard" title="Yunifásítì Harvard – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Yunifásítì Harvard" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="哈佛大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈佛大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univers%C4%B1tey_Harvardi" title="Universıtey Harvardi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Universıtey Harvardi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈佛大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersit%C3%A8t_Harwat" title="Uniwersitèt Harwat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Uniwersitèt Harwat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard" title="Harvard – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Harvard" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Harvard" title="Universiti Harvard – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Universiti Harvard" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Harvard_University&params=42_22_28_N_71_07_01_W_region:US-MA_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°22′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°07′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.37444°N 71.11694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.37444; -71.11694</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Harvard" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Harvard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Harvard (disambiguation)">Harvard (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Harvard University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_University_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Harvard_University_coat_of_arms.svg/150px-Harvard_University_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Harvard_University_coat_of_arms.svg/225px-Harvard_University_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Harvard_University_coat_of_arms.svg/300px-Harvard_University_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="293" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Harvard_University#Harvard_University_coat_of_arms" title="Heraldry of Harvard University">Coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Universitas Harvardiana<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Veritas#Mottos" title="Veritas">Veritas</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">"Truth"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1636<span class="noprint">; 389 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1636</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_England_Commission_of_Higher_Education" title="New England Commission of Higher Education">NECHE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">AAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_on_Financing_Higher_Education" title="Consortium on Financing Higher Education">COFHE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities" title="National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities">NAICU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arctic" title="University of the Arctic">UArctic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association">URA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Grant_College_and_Fellowship_Program" title="National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program">Space-grant</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$50.7 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-BGendow_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGendow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HFRendow_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFRendow-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Garber" title="Alan Garber">Alan Garber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Manning" title="John F. Manning">John F. Manning</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">~2,400 faculty members (and >10,400 academic appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals)<sup id="cite_ref-glance_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glance-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">21,278 (fall 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-CDS-B_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDS-B-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,110 (fall 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-CDS-B_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDS-B-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14,168 (fall 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-CDS-B_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDS-B-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Harvard_University&params=42_22_28_N_71_07_01_W_region:US-MA_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°22′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°07′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.37444°N 71.11694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.37444; -71.11694</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Midsize city<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 209 acres (85 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Crimson, white, and black<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#A31F36"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FFFFFF"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#2C2A29"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson">Crimson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision">FCS</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey" title="ECAC Hockey">ECAC Hockey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Intercollegiate_Sailing_Association" title="New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association">NEISA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Water_Polo_Association" title="Collegiate Water Polo Association">CWPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Rowing_Association" title="Intercollegiate Rowing Association">IRA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Association_of_Women%27s_Rowing_Colleges" title="Eastern Association of Women's Rowing Colleges">EAWRC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Association_of_Rowing_Colleges" title="Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges">EARC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Intercollegiate_Ski_Association" title="Eastern Intercollegiate Ski Association">EISA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)" title="John Harvard (clergyman)">John Harvard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvard.edu">harvard<wbr />.edu</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13371#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_University_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logotype of Harvard University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Harvard_University_logo.svg/220px-Harvard_University_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Harvard_University_logo.svg/330px-Harvard_University_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Harvard_University_logo.svg/440px-Harvard_University_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harvard University</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, United States. Founded October 28, 1636, and named for its first benefactor, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_in_North_America" title="History of the Puritans in North America">Puritan</a> clergyman <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)" title="John Harvard (clergyman)">John Harvard</a>, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Its influence, wealth, and rankings have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harvard was founded and authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a>, the governing legislature of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While never formally affiliated with any <a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">denomination</a>, Harvard trained <a href="/wiki/Congregationalism_in_the_United_States" title="Congregationalism in the United States">Congregational</a> clergy until its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized in the 18th century. </p><p>By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Brahmin" title="Boston Brahmin">Boston elite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, under <a href="/wiki/President_of_Harvard_University" title="President of Harvard University">Harvard president</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot" title="Charles William Eliot">Charles William Eliot</a>'s long tenure from 1869 to 1909, Harvard developed multiple professional schools, which transformed it into a modern <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a>. In 1900, Harvard co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAU_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAU-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_B._Conant" title="James B. Conant">James B. Conant</a> led the university through the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and liberalized admissions after the war. </p><p>The university has ten academic faculties and a faculty attached to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Radcliffe_Institute" title="Harvard Radcliffe Institute">Harvard Radcliffe Institute</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences">Faculty of Arts and Sciences</a> offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate <a href="/wiki/Academic_discipline" title="Academic discipline">academic disciplines</a>, and other faculties offer graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three campuses:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the main campus, a 209-acre (85 ha) in Cambridge centered on <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>; an adjoining campus immediately across <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Allston" title="Allston">Allston</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>; and the medical campus in Boston's <a href="/wiki/Longwood_Medical_and_Academic_Area" title="Longwood Medical and Academic Area">Longwood Medical Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campus_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campus-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_endowment" title="Harvard University endowment">Harvard's endowment</a>, valued at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$50.7 billion</span>, makes it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_the_United_States_by_endowment" title="List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment">wealthiest academic institution</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-BGendow_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGendow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HFRendow_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFRendow-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Harvard Library</a>, with more than 20 million volumes, is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Academic_library" title="Academic library">academic library</a>. </p><p>Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers include <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_by_number_of_billionaire_alumni" title="List of universities by number of billionaire alumni">188 living billionaires</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_education" title="List of presidents of the United States by education">eight U.S. presidents</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_politicians" title="List of Harvard University politicians">24 heads of state and 31 heads of government</a>, founders of notable companies, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation" title="List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation">Nobel laureates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">members of Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">MacArthur Fellows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall Scholars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award Recipients</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> recipients, and <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Scholars</a>; by most metrics, Harvard University ranks among the top universities in the world in each of these categories.<sup id="cite_ref-laureates_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laureates-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harvard students and alumni have also collectively won 10 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_universities_with_Olympic_medalist_students_and_alumni" title="List of American universities with Olympic medalist students and alumni">110 Olympic medals</a>, including 46 gold. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Harvard_University" title="History of Harvard University">History of Harvard University</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)" title="John Harvard (clergyman)">John Harvard (clergyman)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Eaton" title="Nathaniel Eaton">Nathaniel Eaton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Increase_Mather" title="Increase Mather">Increase Mather</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Westerly_View_of_the_Colledges_in_Cambridge_New_England_by_Paul_Revere.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_Westerly_View_of_the_Colledges_in_Cambridge_New_England_by_Paul_Revere.jpeg/220px-A_Westerly_View_of_the_Colledges_in_Cambridge_New_England_by_Paul_Revere.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_Westerly_View_of_the_Colledges_in_Cambridge_New_England_by_Paul_Revere.jpeg/330px-A_Westerly_View_of_the_Colledges_in_Cambridge_New_England_by_Paul_Revere.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_Westerly_View_of_the_Colledges_in_Cambridge_New_England_by_Paul_Revere.jpeg/440px-A_Westerly_View_of_the_Colledges_in_Cambridge_New_England_by_Paul_Revere.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>A 1767 engraving of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Harvard was founded in 1636 during the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial</a>, pre-<a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Revolutionary era</a> by vote of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Great and General Court</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>, one of the original <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a>. Its first headmaster, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Eaton" title="Nathaniel Eaton">Nathaniel Eaton</a>, took office the following year. In 1638, the university acquired <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>'s first known <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, on his deathbed, <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)" title="John Harvard (clergyman)">John Harvard</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritan</a> clergyman who emigrated to the colony from England, bequeathed the emerging college £780 and his library of some 320 volumes;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the following year, it was named <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>. </p><p>In 1643, a Harvard publication defined the college's purpose: "[to] advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early years, the college trained many Puritan ministers<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and offered a <a href="/wiki/Classical_education_in_the_Western_world" title="Classical education in the Western world">classical curriculum</a> based on the English university model many colonial-era Massachusetts leaders experienced at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, where many of them studied prior to immigrating to <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a>. Harvard never formally affiliated with any particular <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> denomination, but its curriculum conformed to the tenets of Puritanism.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1650, the charter for <a href="/wiki/President_and_Fellows_of_Harvard_College" title="President and Fellows of Harvard College">Harvard Corporation</a>, the college's governing body, was granted. </p><p>From 1681 to 1701, <a href="/wiki/Increase_Mather" title="Increase Mather">Increase Mather</a>, a Puritan clergyman, served as Harvard's sixth <a href="/wiki/President_of_Harvard_University" title="President of Harvard University">president</a>. In 1708, <a href="/wiki/John_Leverett_the_Younger" title="John Leverett the Younger">John Leverett</a> became Harvard's seventh president and the first president who was not also a clergyman.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harvard faculty and students largely supported the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriot</a> cause during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (September 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot" title="Charles William Eliot">Charles William Eliot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Webber" title="Samuel Webber">Samuel Webber</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Harvard_statue_at_Harvard_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Harvard_statue_at_Harvard_University.jpg/200px-John_Harvard_statue_at_Harvard_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Harvard_statue_at_Harvard_University.jpg/300px-John_Harvard_statue_at_Harvard_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/John_Harvard_statue_at_Harvard_University.jpg/400px-John_Harvard_statue_at_Harvard_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2377" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="John Harvard statue">John Harvard statue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th century, Harvard was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment Age</a> ideas, including reason and free will, which were widespread among <a href="/wiki/Congregationalism_in_the_United_States" title="Congregationalism in the United States">Congregational</a> ministers and which placed these ministers and their congregations at odds with more traditionalist, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Calvinist</a> pastors and clergies.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorrien_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorrien-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1–4">: 1–4 </span></sup> Following the death of <a href="/wiki/Hollis_Professor_of_Divinity" title="Hollis Professor of Divinity">Hollis Professor of Divinity</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Tappan" title="David Tappan">David Tappan</a> in 1803 and that of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Willard" title="Joseph Willard">Joseph Willard</a>, Harvard's eleventh president, the following year, a struggle broke out over their replacements. In 1805, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ware_(Unitarian)" title="Henry Ware (Unitarian)">Henry Ware</a> was elected to replace Tappan as Hollis chair. Two years later, in 1807, liberal <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Webber" title="Samuel Webber">Samuel Webber</a> was appointed as Harvard's 13th president, representing a shift from traditional ideas at Harvard to more liberal and <a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminian</a> ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorrien_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorrien-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4–5">: 4–5 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24">: 24 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1816, Harvard University launched new language programs in the study of <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and appointed <a href="/wiki/George_Ticknor" title="George Ticknor">George Ticknor</a> the university's first professor for these language programs. </p><p>From 1869 to 1909, <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot" title="Charles William Eliot">Charles William Eliot</a>, Harvard University's 21st president, decreased the historically favored position of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in the curriculum, opening it to student self-direction. Though Eliot was an influential figure in the secularization of U.S. higher education, he was motivated primarily by <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> convictions influenced by <a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing" title="William Ellery Channing">William Ellery Channing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, and others, rather than secularism. In the late 19th century, Harvard University's graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/A._Lawrence_Lowell" title="A. Lawrence Lowell">A. Lawrence Lowell</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_B._Conant" title="James B. Conant">James B. Conant</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rummell,_Richard_Harvard_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rummell%2C_Richard_Harvard_University.jpg/220px-Rummell%2C_Richard_Harvard_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rummell%2C_Richard_Harvard_University.jpg/330px-Rummell%2C_Richard_Harvard_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rummell%2C_Richard_Harvard_University.jpg/440px-Rummell%2C_Richard_Harvard_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3164" data-file-height="1637" /></a><figcaption>A 1906 aerial watercolor portrait of Harvard University<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAU_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAU-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first few decades of the 20th century, the Harvard student body was predominantly "old-stock, high-status <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopalians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterians</a>," according to sociologist and author <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karabel" title="Jerome Karabel">Jerome Karabel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the 20th century, as its endowment burgeoned and prominent intellectuals and professors affiliated with it, Harvard University's reputation as one of the world's most prestigious universities grew notably. The university's enrollment also underwent substantial growth, a product of both the founding of new graduate academic programs and an expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">undergraduate college</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_College" title="Radcliffe College">Radcliffe College</a> emerged as the female counterpart of Harvard College, becoming one of the most prominent schools in the nation for women. </p><p>In 1923, a year after the percentage of <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> students at Harvard reached 20%, <a href="/wiki/A._Lawrence_Lowell" title="A. Lawrence Lowell">A. Lawrence Lowell</a>, the university's 22nd president, unsuccessfully proposed capping the admission of Jewish students to 15% of the undergraduate population. Lowell also refused to mandate forced desegregation in the university's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_College_freshman_dormitories" title="List of Harvard College freshman dormitories">freshman dormitories</a>, writing that, "We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man, but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1933 and 1953, Harvard University was led by <a href="/wiki/James_B._Conant" title="James B. Conant">James B. Conant</a>, the university's 23rd president, who reinvigorated the university's creative scholarship in an effort to guarantee Harvard's preeminence among the nation and world's emerging research institutions. Conant viewed higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy, and devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth. In 1945, under Conant's leadership, an influential 268-page report, <i><a href="/wiki/General_Education_in_a_Free_Society" title="General Education in a Free Society">General Education in a Free Society</a></i>, was published by Harvard faculty, which remains one of the most important works in <a href="/wiki/Curriculum_studies" title="Curriculum studies">curriculum studies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and women were first admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">medical school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1945 and 1960, admissions were standardized to open the university to a more diverse group of students. Following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, for example, special exams were developed so veterans could be considered for admission.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No longer drawing mostly from prestigious <a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">prep schools</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, the undergraduate college became accessible to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians remained underrepresented.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the second half of the 20th century, however, the university became incrementally more diverse.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1971 and 1999, Harvard controlled undergraduate admission, instruction, and housing for Radcliffe's women; in 1999, Radcliffe was formally merged into Harvard University.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Drew_Gilpin_Faust" title="Drew Gilpin Faust">Drew Gilpin Faust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bacow" title="Lawrence Bacow">Lawrence Bacow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudine_Gay" title="Claudine Gay">Claudine Gay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Garber" title="Alan Garber">Alan Garber</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Yard_at_Night_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Harvard_Yard_at_Night_03.jpg/220px-Harvard_Yard_at_Night_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Harvard_Yard_at_Night_03.jpg/330px-Harvard_Yard_at_Night_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Harvard_Yard_at_Night_03.jpg/440px-Harvard_Yard_at_Night_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5366" data-file-height="3582" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of Harvard University at night in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 1, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Gilpin_Faust" title="Drew Gilpin Faust">Drew Gilpin Faust</a>, dean of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Radcliffe_Institute" title="Harvard Radcliffe Institute">Harvard Radcliffe Institute</a>, was appointed Harvard's 28th and the university's first female president.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 1, 2018, Faust retired and joined the board of <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bacow" title="Lawrence Bacow">Lawrence Bacow</a> became Harvard's <a href="/wiki/President_of_Harvard_University" title="President of Harvard University">29th president</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, approximately 6,000 Harvard workers attempted to organize a union.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bacow retired in June 2023, and on July 1 <a href="/wiki/Claudine_Gay" title="Claudine Gay">Claudine Gay</a>, a Harvard professor in the Government and African American Studies departments and Dean of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences">Faculty of Arts and Sciences</a>, became Harvard's 30th president. </p><p>In January 2024, just six months into her presidency, Gay resigned following <a href="/wiki/Claudine_Gay#Congressional_hearing_on_antisemitism" title="Claudine Gay">allegations of antisemitism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claudine_Gay#Plagiarism_investigations" title="Claudine Gay">plagiarism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gay was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Garber" title="Alan Garber">Alan Garber</a>, the university's provost, who was appointed interim president. In August 2024, the university announced that Garber would be appointed Harvard's 31st president through the end of the 2026–27 academic year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cambridge">Cambridge</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Harvard Divinity School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Design" title="Harvard Graduate School of Design">Harvard Graduate School of Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Harvard Graduate School of Education">Harvard Graduate School of Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Radcliffe_Institute" title="Harvard Radcliffe Institute">Harvard Radcliffe Institute</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Massachusetts_Hall,_Harvard_University.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Massachusetts_Hall%2C_Harvard_University.JPG/220px-Massachusetts_Hall%2C_Harvard_University.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Massachusetts_Hall%2C_Harvard_University.JPG/330px-Massachusetts_Hall%2C_Harvard_University.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Massachusetts_Hall%2C_Harvard_University.JPG/440px-Massachusetts_Hall%2C_Harvard_University.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Massachusetts Hall (Harvard University)">Massachusetts Hall</a>, Harvard's oldest building, constructed in 1720<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanders_theater_2009y.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sanders_theater_2009y.JPG/220px-Sanders_theater_2009y.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sanders_theater_2009y.JPG/330px-Sanders_theater_2009y.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sanders_theater_2009y.JPG/440px-Sanders_theater_2009y.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3209" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Memorial Hall (Harvard University)">Memorial Hall</a>, built on the main Cambridge campus in 1870</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_memorial_church_winter_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Harvard_memorial_church_winter_2009.JPG/220px-Harvard_memorial_church_winter_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Harvard_memorial_church_winter_2009.JPG/330px-Harvard_memorial_church_winter_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Harvard_memorial_church_winter_2009.JPG/440px-Harvard_memorial_church_winter_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Church_of_Harvard_University" title="Memorial Church of Harvard University">Memorial Church</a>, dedicated and opened in 1932 on <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HarvardYard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HarvardYard.jpg/220px-HarvardYard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HarvardYard.jpg/330px-HarvardYard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HarvardYard.jpg/440px-HarvardYard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a> at the center of Harvard's main campus in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 209-acre (85 ha) main campus of Harvard University is centered on <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>, colloquially known as "the Yard", in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of downtown <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, and extending to the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Square" title="Harvard Square">Harvard Square</a> neighborhood. The Yard houses several Harvard buildings, including four of the university's libraries, <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Library" title="Houghton Library">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamont_Library" title="Lamont Library">Lamont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pusey_Library" title="Pusey Library">Pusey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Widener_Library" title="Widener Library">Widener</a>. Also on Harvard Yard are <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Massachusetts Hall (Harvard University)">Massachusetts Hall</a>, built between 1718 and 1720 and the university's oldest still standing building, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Church_of_Harvard_University" title="Memorial Church of Harvard University">Memorial Church</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="University Hall (Harvard University)">University Hall</a> </p><p>Harvard Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences">Faculty of Arts and Sciences</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Sever_Hall" title="Sever Hall">Sever Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Hall" title="Harvard Hall">Harvard Hall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_College_freshman_dormitories" title="List of Harvard College freshman dormitories">freshman dormitories</a>. Upperclassmen live in the twelve <a href="/wiki/Harvard_House_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard House system">residential houses</a>, located south of Harvard Yard near the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Quadrangle_(Harvard)" title="Radcliffe Quadrangle (Harvard)">Radcliffe Quadrangle</a>, which formerly housed <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_College" title="Radcliffe College">Radcliffe College</a> students. Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also on the main campus in Cambridge are the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Divinity</a> (theology), <a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">Engineering and Applied Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Design" title="Harvard Graduate School of Design">Design</a> (architecture), <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Harvard Graduate School of Education">Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Kennedy</a> (public policy), and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Extension_School" title="Harvard Extension School">Extension</a> schools, and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Radcliffe_Institute" title="Harvard Radcliffe Institute">Harvard Radcliffe Institute</a> in Radcliffe Yard.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harvard also has commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allston">Allston</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University%27s_expansion_in_Allston,_Massachusetts" title="Harvard University's expansion in Allston, Massachusetts">Harvard University's expansion in Allston, Massachusetts</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Innovation_Labs" title="Harvard Innovation Labs">Harvard Innovation Labs</a>, and many athletics facilities, including <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Stadium" title="Harvard Stadium">Harvard Stadium</a>, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus in the <a href="/wiki/Allston" title="Allston">Allston</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> across the <a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks_Bridge" title="John W. Weeks Bridge">John W. Weeks Bridge</a>, which crosses the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a> and connects the Allston and Cambridge campuses.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences</a> expanded into the new Allston-based Science and Engineering Complex (SEC), which is more than 500,000 square feet in size.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SEC is adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus, the Business School, and Harvard Innovation Labs, and designed to encourage technology- and life science-focused startups and collaborations with mature companies.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longwood">Longwood</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Longwood_Medical_and_Academic_Area" title="Longwood Medical and Academic Area">Longwood Medical and Academic Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Medical_School_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Harvard_Medical_School_HDR.jpg/220px-Harvard_Medical_School_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Harvard_Medical_School_HDR.jpg/330px-Harvard_Medical_School_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Harvard_Medical_School_HDR.jpg/440px-Harvard_Medical_School_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="2569" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Longwood_Medical_and_Academic_Area" title="Longwood Medical and Academic Area">Longwood Medical and Academic Area</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The university's schools of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="Harvard School of Dental Medicine">Dental Medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_T.H._Chan_School_of_Public_Health" title="Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health">Public Health</a> are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the <a href="/wiki/Longwood_Medical_and_Academic_Area" title="Longwood Medical and Academic Area">Longwood Medical and Academic Area</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus.<sup id="cite_ref-Campus_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campus-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including <a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Deaconess_Medical_Center" title="Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center">Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Boston Children's Hospital">Boston Children's Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigham_and_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Brigham and Women's Hospital">Brigham and Women's Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dana%E2%80%93Farber_Cancer_Institute" title="Dana–Farber Cancer Institute">Dana–Farber Cancer Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joslin_Diabetes_Center" title="Joslin Diabetes Center">Joslin Diabetes Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Wyss_Institute_for_Biologically_Inspired_Engineering" title="Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering">Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering</a>. Additional affiliates, including <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Hospital" title="Massachusetts General Hospital">Massachusetts General Hospital</a>, are located throughout <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <p>Harvard owns <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks" title="Dumbarton Oaks">Dumbarton Oaks</a>, a research library in Washington, D.C., <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Forest" title="Harvard Forest">Harvard Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petersham,_Massachusetts" title="Petersham, Massachusetts">Petersham, Massachusetts</a>, Concord Field Station in <a href="/wiki/Estabrook_Woods" title="Estabrook Woods">Estabrook Woods</a> in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Villa_I_Tatti" title="Villa I Tatti">Villa I Tatti</a> research center in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Center for Hellenic Studies in Greece. The Harvard Shanghai Center in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Arboretum" title="Arnold Arboretum">Arnold Arboretum</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a> neighborhood of Boston. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_and_administration">Organization and administration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Board_of_Overseers" title="Harvard Board of Overseers">Harvard Board of Overseers</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_and_Fellows_of_Harvard_College" title="President and Fellows of Harvard College">President and Fellows of Harvard College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Harvard_University" title="President of Harvard University">President of Harvard University</a></div> <p>Harvard is governed by a combination of its <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Board_of_Overseers" title="Harvard Board of Overseers">Board of Overseers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/President_and_Fellows_of_Harvard_College" title="President and Fellows of Harvard College">President and Fellows of Harvard College</a>, which is also known as the Harvard Corporation. These two bodies, in turn, appoint the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Harvard_University" title="President of Harvard University">President of Harvard University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 16,000 staff and faculty,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endowment">Endowment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_endowment" title="Harvard University endowment">Harvard University endowment</a></div> <p>Harvard has the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_the_United_States_by_endowment" title="List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment">university endowment</a> in the world, valued at about <span style="white-space: nowrap">$50.7 billion</span> as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-BGendow_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGendow-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HFRendow_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFRendow-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">recession of 2007–2009</a>, it suffered significant losses that forced large budget cuts, in particular temporarily halting construction on the Allston Science Complex.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The endowment has since recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About <span style="white-space: nowrap">$2 billion</span> of investment income is annually distributed to fund operations.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harvard's ability to fund its degree and financial aid programs depends on the performance of its endowment; a poor performance in fiscal year 2016 forced a 4.4% cut in the number of graduate students funded by the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences">Faculty of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endowment income is critical, as only 22% of revenue is from students' tuition, fees, room, and board.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Divestment">Divestment</h4></div> <p>Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divesting</a> Harvard's endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> during <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Darfur_genocide" title="Darfur genocide">Darfur genocide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">tobacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Private_prison" title="Private prison">private prison</a> industries.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1980s, during the <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_South_Africa" title="Disinvestment from South Africa">disinvestment from South Africa</a> movement, student activists erected a symbolic <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shanty town</a> on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.<sup id="cite_ref-GeorgeKaufman2012_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeorgeKaufman2012-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to pressure, the university eventually reduced its South African holdings by <span style="white-space: nowrap">$230 million</span> out of a total of <span style="white-space: nowrap">$400 million</span> between 1986 and 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-GeorgeKaufman2012_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeorgeKaufman2012-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_and_learning">Teaching and learning</h3></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; width:280px;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b>School</b></td> <td><b>Founded</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a></td> <td>1636 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Medicine</a></td> <td>1782 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Divinity</a></td> <td>1816 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Law</a></td> <td>1817 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">Engineering and Applied Sciences</a></td> <td>1847 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="Harvard School of Dental Medicine">Dental Medicine</a></td> <td>1867 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kenneth_C._Griffin_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">Arts and Sciences</a></td> <td>1872 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Business</a></td> <td>1908 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Extension_School" title="Harvard Extension School">Extension</a></td> <td>1910 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Design" title="Harvard Graduate School of Design">Design</a></td> <td>1936 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Harvard Graduate School of Education">Education</a></td> <td>1920 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_T.H._Chan_School_of_Public_Health" title="Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health">Public Health</a></td> <td>1913 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Government</a></td> <td>1936 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Harvard is a large, highly residential research university<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offering 50 <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">undergraduate</a> majors,<sup id="cite_ref-liberal_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberal-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 134 graduate degrees,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 32 professional degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Degrees_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Degrees-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2018–2019 academic year, Harvard granted 1,665 baccalaureate degrees, 1,013 graduate degrees, and 5,695 professional degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Degrees_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Degrees-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, the four-year, full-time undergraduate program, has a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_education" title="Liberal arts education">liberal arts and sciences</a> focus.<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-liberal_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberal-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To graduate in the usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and a senior thesis.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though some introductory courses have large enrollments, the median class size is 12 students.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences">Faculty of Arts and Sciences</a>, with an academic staff of 1,211 as of 2019, is the largest Harvard faculty, and has primary responsibility for instruction in <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kenneth_C._Griffin_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">Graduate School of Arts and Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Division_of_Continuing_Education" title="Harvard Division of Continuing Education">Division of Continuing Education</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Summer_School" title="Harvard Summer School">Harvard Summer School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Extension_School" title="Harvard Extension School">Harvard Extension School</a>. There are nine other graduate and professional faculties and a faculty attached to the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Radcliffe_Institute" title="Harvard Radcliffe Institute">Harvard Radcliffe Institute</a>. </p><p>There are four Harvard joint programs with <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, which include the <a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93MIT_Program_in_Health_Sciences_and_Technology" title="Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology">Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Broad_Institute" title="Broad Institute">Broad Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Observatory_of_Economic_Complexity" title="The Observatory of Economic Complexity">The Observatory of Economic Complexity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">edX</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_schools">Professional schools</h3></div> <p>The university maintains 12 schools, which include: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>School </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>Enrollment<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Harvard University </td> <td>1636 </td> <td>31,345 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Medicine</a> </td> <td>1782 </td> <td>660 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Divinity</a> </td> <td>1816 </td> <td>377 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Law</a> </td> <td>1817 </td> <td>1,990 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="Harvard School of Dental Medicine">Dental Medicine</a> </td> <td>1867 </td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kenneth_C._Griffin_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">Arts and Sciences</a> </td> <td>1872 </td> <td>4,824 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Business</a> </td> <td>1908 </td> <td>2,011 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Extension_School" title="Harvard Extension School">Extension</a> </td> <td>1910 </td> <td>3,428 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Design" title="Harvard Graduate School of Design">Design</a> </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>878 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Harvard Graduate School of Education">Education</a> </td> <td>1920 </td> <td>876 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_T.H._Chan_School_of_Public_Health" title="Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health">Public Health</a> </td> <td>1922 </td> <td>1,412 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Government</a> </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">Engineering</a> </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>1,750 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3></div> <p>Harvard is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a preeminent research university with "very high" research activity (R1) and comprehensive doctoral programs across the arts, sciences, engineering, and medicine, according to the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">Carnegie Classification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">medical school</a> consistently ranks first among medical schools for research,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and biomedical research is an area of particular strength for the university. More than 11,000 faculty and 1,600 graduate students conduct research at the medical school and its 15 affiliated hospitals and research institutes.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the medical school and its affiliates attracted <span style="white-space: nowrap">$1.65 billion</span> in competitive research grants from the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>, more than twice that of any other university.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Harvard Library</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widener_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/220px-Widener_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/330px-Widener_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/440px-Widener_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Widener_Library" title="Widener Library">Widener Library</a>, the anchor of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Harvard Library</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Academic_library" title="Academic library">academic library</a> in the world with more than 20 million holdings</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Harvard Library</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Academic_library" title="Academic library">academic library</a> in the world with 20.4 million holdings, is centered in <a href="/wiki/Widener_Library" title="Widener Library">Widener Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>. It includes 25 individual Harvard libraries around the world with a combined staff of more than 800 librarians and personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Library" title="Houghton Library">Houghton Library</a>, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. The nation's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases is stored in <a href="/wiki/Pusey_Library" title="Pusey Library">Pusey Library</a> on <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>, which is open to the public. The largest collection of <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East-Asian</a> language material outside of East Asia is held in <a href="/wiki/Harvard-Yenching_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard-Yenching Library">Harvard-Yenching Library</a>. </p><p>Other major libraries in the Harvard Library system include <a href="/wiki/Baker_Library/Bloomberg_Center" title="Baker Library/Bloomberg Center">Baker Library/Bloomberg Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabot_Science_Library" title="Cabot Science Library">Cabot Science Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Science_Center" title="Harvard Science Center">Harvard Science Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks" title="Dumbarton Oaks">Dumbarton Oaks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_C._Gutman_Library" title="Monroe C. Gutman Library">Gutman Library</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Harvard Graduate School of Education">Harvard Graduate School of Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Film_Archive" title="Harvard Film Archive">Harvard Film Archive</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Center_for_the_Visual_Arts" title="Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts">Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Library" title="Houghton Library">Houghton Library</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lamont_Library" title="Lamont Library">Lamont Library</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Art_Museums" title="Harvard Art Museums">Harvard Art Museums</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Art_Museums" title="Harvard Art Museums">Harvard Art Museums</a> includes three museums, the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur M. Sackler Museum">Arthur M. Sackler Museum</a> covers Asian, Mediterranean, and Islamic art; the <a href="/wiki/Busch%E2%80%93Reisinger_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Busch–Reisinger Museum">Busch–Reisinger Museum</a> (formerly the Germanic Museum) covers central and northern European art; and the <a href="/wiki/Fogg_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fogg Museum">Fogg Museum</a> covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian <a href="/wiki/Early_Renaissance_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Renaissance painting">early Renaissance</a>, British <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Raphaelite">pre-Raphaelite</a>, and 19th-century French art. </p><p>Harvard Museums of Science and Culture include the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Harvard Museum of Natural History">Harvard Museum of Natural History</a>, which itself includes the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Mineralogical_Museum" title="Harvard Mineralogical Museum">Harvard Mineralogical and Geological Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a> featuring the <a href="/wiki/Leopold_and_Rudolf_Blaschka" title="Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka">Blaschka</a> <a href="/wiki/Glass_Flowers" title="Glass Flowers">Glass Flowers</a> exhibit, and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comparative_Zoology" title="Museum of Comparative Zoology">Museum of Comparative Zoology</a>. Others include the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Collection_of_Historical_Scientific_Instruments" title="Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments">Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Science_Center" title="Harvard Science Center">Harvard Science Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Museum_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" title="Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East">Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East</a> featuring artifacts from excavations in the Middle East, and the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Ethnology" title="Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology">Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology</a>, specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Center_for_the_Visual_Arts" title="Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts">Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> and housing the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Film_Archive" title="Harvard Film Archive">Harvard Film Archive</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Anatomical_Museum" title="Warren Anatomical Museum">Warren Anatomical Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_History_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for the History of Medicine">Center for the History of Medicine</a>, and the Ethelbert Cooper Gallery of African & African American Art at the <a href="/wiki/Hutchins_Center_for_African_and_African_American_Research" title="Hutchins Center for African and African American Research">Hutchins Center for African and African American Research</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reputation_and_rankings">Reputation and rankings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">Academic rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">National</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Top_Colleges" title="America's Top Colleges"><i>Forbes</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_Forbes_NU_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking"><i>U.S. News & World Report</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_NU_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_NU-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly_college_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Monthly college rankings"><i>Washington Monthly</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_Wamo_NU_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_NU-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal"><i>WSJ</i></a>/College Pulse<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_WSJ_NU_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">6</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Global</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities"><i>ARWU</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_ARWU_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_ARWU-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings"><i>QS</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_QS_W_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings"><i>THE</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_THES_W_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_THES_W-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_Universities_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking"><i>U.S. News & World Report</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_W_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">1</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Harvard University is <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education accreditation in the United States">accredited</a> by the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Commission_of_Higher_Education" title="New England Commission of Higher Education">New England Commission of Higher Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its founding in 2003, the <i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a></i> has ranked Harvard first in each of its annual rankings of the world's colleges and universities. Similarly, the <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education%E2%80%93QS_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings">Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings</a></i>, which was published from 2004 to 2009, ranked Harvard first in the world in each of its annual rankings. Since then, Harvard has been ranked first in the world each year since 2011 by its successor, the <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harvard was also ranked in the first tier of American research universities, along with Columbia, MIT, and Stanford, in the 2023 report from the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Measuring_University_Performance" title="Center for Measuring University Performance">Center for Measuring University Performance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among rankings of specific indicators, Harvard topped both the <a href="/wiki/University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance" title="University Ranking by Academic Performance">University Ranking by Academic Performance</a> in 2019–20 and <i><a href="/wiki/Mines_ParisTech:_Professional_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities">Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities</a></i> in 2011, which measured universities' numbers of alumni holding CEO positions in <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500"><i>Fortune</i> Global 500</a> companies.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to annual polls done by <a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a>, Harvard is consistently among the top two most commonly named dream colleges in the United States for both students and their parents<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Harvard's <a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">engineering school</a> was ranked the third-best school in the world for engineering and technology by <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i> magazine ranks Harvard best in the world at the undergraduate level and second in the world at the graduate level, behind the <a href="/wiki/Walsh_School_of_Foreign_Service" title="Walsh School of Foreign Service">Walsh School of Foreign Service</a> at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Student body composition as of May 2, 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> </td> <td align="right">36% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">36</span><div style="width:72px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">21% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">21</span><div style="width:42px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td align="right">12% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">12</span><div style="width:24px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign national</a> </td> <td align="right">11% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">11</span><div style="width:22px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td align="right">11% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">11</span><div style="width:22px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">9% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">9</span><div style="width:18px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">Economic diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_lower_class" title="American lower class">Low-income</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">18% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">18</span><div style="width:36px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluent</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">82% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">82</span><div style="width:164px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_activities">Student activities</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_government">Student government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_Council" title="Harvard Graduate Council">Harvard Graduate Council</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Undergraduate_Council" title="Harvard Undergraduate Council">Undergraduate Council</a> represented Harvard College undergraduate students until it was dissolved in 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and replaced by the Undergraduate Association. The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_Council" title="Harvard Graduate Council">Graduate Council</a> represents students at all twelve graduate and professional schools, most of which also have their own student government.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_media">Student media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></i>, founded in 1873 and run entirely by Harvard undergraduate students, is the university's primary <a href="/wiki/Student_publication" title="Student publication">student newspaper</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Harvard_Crimson_people" title="List of The Harvard Crimson people">notable alumni</a> have worked at the <i>Crimson</i>, including two <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. presidents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (AB, 1903) and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (AB 1940). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Athletics">Athletics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson">Harvard Crimson</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornell_vs._Harvard_football_Oct_12,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cornell_vs._Harvard_football_Oct_12%2C_2019.jpg/220px-Cornell_vs._Harvard_football_Oct_12%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cornell_vs._Harvard_football_Oct_12%2C_2019.jpg/330px-Cornell_vs._Harvard_football_Oct_12%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cornell_vs._Harvard_football_Oct_12%2C_2019.jpg/440px-Cornell_vs._Harvard_football_Oct_12%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_football" title="Harvard Crimson football">Harvard football</a> (right) taking on <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_football" title="Cornell Big Red football">Cornell</a> (left) at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Stadium" title="Harvard Stadium">Harvard Stadium</a> in October 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Harvard College competes in the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> conference. The school fields 42 intercollegiate sports teams, more than any other college in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harvard and the other seven <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> universities are prohibited from offering <a href="/wiki/Athletic_scholarship" title="Athletic scholarship">athletic scholarships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school color is <a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">crimson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_championships">National championships</h3></div> <p>In the NCAA Division I era, which began in 1973, Harvard Crimson teams have won five NCAA Division I championships as of 2024: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey">men's ice hockey</a> in 1989, women's lacrosse in 1990, women's rowing in 2003, and men's fencing in 2006 and 2024. Including the pre-NCAA era, Harvard has won 159 national championships across all sports. Its <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_squash" title="Harvard Crimson men's squash">men's squash team</a> holds the record for the most national collegiate championships in the sport. Harvard's first national championship came in 1880, when its track and field team won the national championship.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivalries">Rivalries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cornell%E2%80%93Harvard_hockey_rivalry" title="Cornell–Harvard hockey rivalry">Cornell–Harvard hockey rivalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard-Yale_football_rivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard-Yale football rivalry">Harvard-Yale football rivalry</a></div> <p>Harvard's athletic programs maintain a long-standing rivalry with <a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs" title="Yale Bulldogs">Yale</a> in all sports, especially in <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_football" title="Harvard Crimson football">Harvard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs_football" title="Yale Bulldogs football">Yale</a> compete in an <a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yale_football_rivalry" title="Harvard–Yale football rivalry">annual football rivalry</a>, which has played 139 times as of 2024, dating back to its first meeting in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every two years, Harvard and Yale track and field teams come together to compete against a combined <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> team in the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey">men's ice hockey</a>, Harvard maintains a <a href="/wiki/Cornell%E2%80%93Harvard_hockey_rivalry" title="Cornell–Harvard hockey rivalry">historic rivalry</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey">Cornell</a>, which dates back to their first meeting in 1910. The two teams play twice annually. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">men's rugby</a>, Harvard maintains a rivalry with <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill</a>, as demonstrated by the biennial Harvard-McGill rugby games, alternately played in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and Cambridge.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_people" title="List of Harvard University people">List of Harvard University people</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_non-graduate_alumni" title="List of Harvard University non-graduate alumni">List of Harvard University non-graduate alumni</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation" title="List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation">List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation</a></div> <p>Since its founding nearly four centuries ago, Harvard alumni have distinguished themselves in academia, activism, arts, athletics, business, entrepreneurship, government, international affairs, journalism, media, music, non-profit organizations, politics, public policy, science, technology, writing, and other industries and fields. </p><p>Among the world's universities and colleges, Harvard has the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_education" title="List of presidents of the United States by education">U.S. presidents</a> (eight), <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_by_number_of_billionaire_alumni" title="List of universities by number of billionaire alumni">living billionaires</a> (188), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation" title="List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation">Nobel</a> laureates (162), <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners (48), <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> recipients (seven), <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall scholars</a> (252), and <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholars</a> (369) among its alumni. Harvard alumni also include nine <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> laureates, ten <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> winners, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_universities_with_Olympic_medalist_students_and_alumni" title="List of American universities with Olympic medalist students and alumni">108 Olympic medalists</a>, including 46 gold medal winners.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Notable Harvard alumni include:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_031029-N-6236G-001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_(1735-1826),_2nd_president_of_the_United_States,_by_Asher_B._Durand_(1767-1845)-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[122]"><img alt="2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[122]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/US_Navy_031029-N-6236G-001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_%281735-1826%29%2C_2nd_president_of_the_United_States%2C_by_Asher_B._Durand_%281767-1845%29-crop.jpg/95px-US_Navy_031029-N-6236G-001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_%281735-1826%29%2C_2nd_president_of_the_United_States%2C_by_Asher_B._Durand_%281767-1845%29-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/US_Navy_031029-N-6236G-001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_%281735-1826%29%2C_2nd_president_of_the_United_States%2C_by_Asher_B._Durand_%281767-1845%29-crop.jpg/143px-US_Navy_031029-N-6236G-001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_%281735-1826%29%2C_2nd_president_of_the_United_States%2C_by_Asher_B._Durand_%281767-1845%29-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/US_Navy_031029-N-6236G-001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_%281735-1826%29%2C_2nd_president_of_the_United_States%2C_by_Asher_B._Durand_%281767-1845%29-crop.jpg/191px-US_Navy_031029-N-6236G-001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_%281735-1826%29%2C_2nd_president_of_the_United_States%2C_by_Asher_B._Durand_%281767-1845%29-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2nd President of the United States <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Quincy_Adams.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="6th President of the United States John Quincy Adams (AB, 1787; AM, 1790)[123][124]"><img alt="6th President of the United States John Quincy Adams (AB, 1787; AM, 1790)[123][124]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/John_Quincy_Adams.jpg/98px-John_Quincy_Adams.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/John_Quincy_Adams.jpg/148px-John_Quincy_Adams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/John_Quincy_Adams.jpg/197px-John_Quincy_Adams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">6th President of the United States <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (AB, 1787; AM, 1790)<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson (AB, 1821)"><img alt="Essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson (AB, 1821)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg/75px-Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg/112px-Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg/150px-Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="723" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> (AB, 1821)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher Henry David Thoreau (AB, 1837)"><img alt="Naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher Henry David Thoreau (AB, 1837)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/83px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/124px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/165px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="3027" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> (AB, 1837)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Rutherford_Hayes_1870_-_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="19th President of the United States Rutherford B. Hayes (LLB, 1845)[125]"><img alt="19th President of the United States Rutherford B. Hayes (LLB, 1845)[125]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Rutherford_Hayes_1870_-_1880.jpg/99px-President_Rutherford_Hayes_1870_-_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Rutherford_Hayes_1870_-_1880.jpg/148px-President_Rutherford_Hayes_1870_-_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Rutherford_Hayes_1870_-_1880.jpg/197px-President_Rutherford_Hayes_1870_-_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="3688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">19th President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> (LLB, 1845)<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_circa_1930-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (AB, 1861, LLB)"><img alt="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (AB, 1861, LLB)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_circa_1930-edit.jpg/82px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_circa_1930-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_circa_1930-edit.jpg/123px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_circa_1930-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_circa_1930-edit.jpg/164px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr_circa_1930-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="1491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a> (AB, 1861, LLB)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Sanders_Peirce.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philosopher, logician, and mathematician Charles Sanders Peirce (AB, 1862, SB 1863)"><img alt="Philosopher, logician, and mathematician Charles Sanders Peirce (AB, 1862, SB 1863)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Charles_Sanders_Peirce.jpg/89px-Charles_Sanders_Peirce.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Charles_Sanders_Peirce.jpg/134px-Charles_Sanders_Peirce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Charles_Sanders_Peirce.jpg/179px-Charles_Sanders_Peirce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="582" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Philosopher, logician, and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce" title="Charles Sanders Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a> (AB, 1862, SB 1863)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Theodore_Roosevelt,_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[126]"><img alt="26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[126]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/91px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/136px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg/182px-President_Theodore_Roosevelt%2C_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2842" data-file-height="3751" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (AB, 1880)<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sociologist and civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois (PhD, 1895)"><img alt="Sociologist and civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois (PhD, 1895)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg/92px-WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg/138px-WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg/184px-WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3627" data-file-height="4725" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sociologist and civil rights activist<br /><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a> (PhD, 1895)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Frost_NYWTS_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poet Robert Frost (no degree)"><img alt="Poet Robert Frost (no degree)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Robert_Frost_NYWTS_4.jpg/92px-Robert_Frost_NYWTS_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Robert_Frost_NYWTS_4.jpg/138px-Robert_Frost_NYWTS_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Robert_Frost_NYWTS_4.jpg/184px-Robert_Frost_NYWTS_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a> (no degree)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FRoosevelt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="32nd President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt (AB, 1903)[127]"><img alt="32nd President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt (AB, 1903)[127]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/FRoosevelt.png/96px-FRoosevelt.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/FRoosevelt.png/144px-FRoosevelt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/FRoosevelt.png/193px-FRoosevelt.png 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="2914" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">32nd President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (AB, 1903)<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helen_Keller_circa_1920_-_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)"><img alt="Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Helen_Keller_circa_1920_-_restored.jpg/94px-Helen_Keller_circa_1920_-_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Helen_Keller_circa_1920_-_restored.jpg/141px-Helen_Keller_circa_1920_-_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Helen_Keller_circa_1920_-_restored.jpg/187px-Helen_Keller_circa_1920_-_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3041" data-file-height="3892" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Author, political activist, and lecturer <a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a> (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_(1934).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)"><img alt="Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_%281934%29.jpg/104px-Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_%281934%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_%281934%29.jpg/155px-Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_%281934%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_%281934%29.jpg/207px-Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_%281934%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poet and Nobel laureate in literature <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Physicist and leader of the Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer (AB, 1925)"><img alt="Physicist and leader of the Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer (AB, 1925)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg/87px-JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg/131px-JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg/174px-JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Physicist and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> <a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> (AB, 1925)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Samuelson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Economist and Nobel laureate in economics recipient Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)"><img alt="Economist and Nobel laureate in economics recipient Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Paul_Samuelson.jpg/93px-Paul_Samuelson.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Paul_Samuelson.jpg/139px-Paul_Samuelson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Paul_Samuelson.jpg/185px-Paul_Samuelson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Economist and Nobel laureate in economics recipient <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musician and composer Leonard Bernstein (AB, 1939)"><img alt="Musician and composer Leonard Bernstein (AB, 1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg/93px-Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg/140px-Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg/187px-Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Musician and composer <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (AB, 1939)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy,_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy (AB, 1940)[128]"><img alt="35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy (AB, 1940)[128]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/92px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/139px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/185px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">35th President of the United States <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (AB, 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Trudeau_(1975).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="15th prime minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau (MA, 1947)"><img alt="15th prime minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau (MA, 1947)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg/86px-Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg/130px-Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg/173px-Pierre_Trudeau_%281975%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1509" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">15th prime minister of Canada <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> (MA, 1947)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Robinson_(2014).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)"><img alt="7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mary_Robinson_%282014%29.jpg/90px-Mary_Robinson_%282014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mary_Robinson_%282014%29.jpg/135px-Mary_Robinson_%282014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mary_Robinson_%282014%29.jpg/180px-Mary_Robinson_%282014%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (LLM, 1968)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Gore,_Vice_President_of_the_United_States,_official_portrait_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)"><img alt="45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/96px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/144px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/192px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (AB, 1969)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_A._Kissinger,_U.S._Secretary_of_State,_1973-1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="56th Secretary of State of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Henry Kissinger (AM, 1952; PhD, 1954)[129]"><img alt="56th Secretary of State of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Henry Kissinger (AM, 1952; PhD, 1954)[129]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Henry_A._Kissinger%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State%2C_1973-1977.jpg/98px-Henry_A._Kissinger%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State%2C_1973-1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Henry_A._Kissinger%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State%2C_1973-1977.jpg/146px-Henry_A._Kissinger%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State%2C_1973-1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Henry_A._Kissinger%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State%2C_1973-1977.jpg/195px-Henry_A._Kissinger%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State%2C_1973-1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">56th Secretary of State of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> (AM, 1952; PhD, 1954)<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf,_April_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="24th President of Liberia and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (MPA, 1971)[130]"><img alt="24th President of Liberia and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (MPA, 1971)[130]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg/90px-Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg/135px-Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg/180px-Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf%2C_April_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">24th President of Liberia and Nobel Peace Prize laureate <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> (MPA, 1971)<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benazir_Bhutto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="11th and 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)"><img alt="11th and 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Benazir_Bhutto.jpg/90px-Benazir_Bhutto.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Benazir_Bhutto.jpg/135px-Benazir_Bhutto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Benazir_Bhutto.jpg/180px-Benazir_Bhutto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">11th and 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)"><img alt="14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg/96px-Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg/144px-Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg/192px-Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George-W-Bush.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="43rd President of the United States George W. Bush (MBA, 1975)[131]"><img alt="43rd President of the United States George W. Bush (MBA, 1975)[131]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/91px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/136px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/181px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">43rd President of the United States <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (MBA, 1975)<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_roberts_CJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)"><img alt="17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Official_roberts_CJ.jpg/96px-Official_roberts_CJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Official_roberts_CJ.jpg/144px-Official_roberts_CJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Official_roberts_CJ.jpg/192px-Official_roberts_CJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">17th Chief Justice of the United States <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Microsoft founder and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)"><img alt="Microsoft founder and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/85px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/127px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/170px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Microsoft founder and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> (College, 1977;<sup id="cite_ref-nodegree_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nodegree-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LLD <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">hc</a>, 2007)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)"><img alt="8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011_Cropped.jpg/108px-Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011_Cropped.jpg/162px-Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011_Cropped.jpg/216px-Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2442" data-file-height="2707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">8th Secretary-General of the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> (MPA, 1984)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biochemist and Nobel laureate in chemistry Jennifer Doudna (PhD, 1989)[132]"><img alt="Biochemist and Nobel laureate in chemistry Jennifer Doudna (PhD, 1989)[132]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg/80px-Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg/120px-Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg/160px-Professor_Jennifer_Doudna_ForMemRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Biochemist and Nobel laureate in chemistry <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> (PhD, 1989)<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[133][134]"><img alt="44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[133][134]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/President_Barack_Obama.jpg/96px-President_Barack_Obama.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/President_Barack_Obama.jpg/144px-President_Barack_Obama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/President_Barack_Obama.jpg/192px-President_Barack_Obama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="3356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (JD, 1991)<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2019_Keynote_(32830578717)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Founder of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg (College, 2004;[a 1] LLD hc, 2017)"><img alt="Founder of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg (College, 2004;[a 1] LLD hc, 2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2019_Keynote_%2832830578717%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/96px-Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2019_Keynote_%2832830578717%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2019_Keynote_%2832830578717%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/145px-Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2019_Keynote_%2832830578717%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2019_Keynote_%2832830578717%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/193px-Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2019_Keynote_%2832830578717%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2226" data-file-height="2767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Founder of Facebook <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (College, 2004;<sup id="cite_ref-nodegree_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nodegree-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LLD <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">hc</a>, 2017) </div> </li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nodegree-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nodegree_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nodegree_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nominal Harvard College class year: did not graduate</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty">Faculty</h3></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Notable past and present Harvard faculty include:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis Agassiz"><img alt="Louis Agassiz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg/93px-Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg/140px-Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg/187px-Louis_Agassiz_H6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3952" data-file-height="5080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danielle_Allen_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danielle Allen"><img alt="Danielle Allen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Danielle_Allen_2017.jpg/80px-Danielle_Allen_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Danielle_Allen_2017.jpg/120px-Danielle_Allen_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Danielle_Allen_2017.jpg/160px-Danielle_Allen_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1797" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Allen" title="Danielle Allen">Danielle Allen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_Lessig_May_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lawrence Lessig"><img alt="Lawrence Lessig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lawrence_Lessig_May_2017.jpg/92px-Lawrence_Lessig_May_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lawrence_Lessig_May_2017.jpg/138px-Lawrence_Lessig_May_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lawrence_Lessig_May_2017.jpg/185px-Lawrence_Lessig_May_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="3020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Farmer_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Farmer"><img alt="Paul Farmer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Paul_Farmer_2011.jpg/86px-Paul_Farmer_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Paul_Farmer_2011.jpg/129px-Paul_Farmer_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Paul_Farmer_2011.jpg/172px-Paul_Farmer_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="1226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Farmer" title="Paul Farmer">Paul Farmer</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jason_Furman_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jason Furman"><img alt="Jason Furman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jason_Furman_official_portrait.jpg/80px-Jason_Furman_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jason_Furman_official_portrait.jpg/120px-Jason_Furman_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jason_Furman_official_portrait.jpg/160px-Jason_Furman_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Furman" title="Jason Furman">Jason Furman</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Kenneth_Galbraith_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Kenneth Galbraith"><img alt="John Kenneth Galbraith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/John_Kenneth_Galbraith_1982.jpg/89px-John_Kenneth_Galbraith_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/John_Kenneth_Galbraith_1982.jpg/134px-John_Kenneth_Galbraith_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/John_Kenneth_Galbraith_1982.jpg/178px-John_Kenneth_Galbraith_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry Louis Gates Jr."><img alt="Henry Louis Gates Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/69px-Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/104px-Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/139px-Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_Jr." title="Henry Louis Gates Jr.">Henry Louis Gates Jr.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asa_Gray_1870s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asa Gray"><img alt="Asa Gray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Asa_Gray_1870s.jpg/91px-Asa_Gray_1870s.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Asa_Gray_1870s.jpg/137px-Asa_Gray_1870s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Asa_Gray_1870s.jpg/182px-Asa_Gray_1870s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Asa_Gray" title="Asa Gray">Asa Gray</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seamus Heaney"><img alt="Seamus Heaney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg/85px-Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg/128px-Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg/170px-Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1163" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr."><img alt="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg/95px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg/143px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg/190px-Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr_c1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4944" data-file-height="6240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_James_b1842c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William James"><img alt="William James" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/William_James_b1842c.jpg/94px-William_James_b1842c.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/William_James_b1842c.jpg/140px-William_James_b1842c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/William_James_b1842c.jpg/187px-William_James_b1842c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timothy Leary"><img alt="Timothy Leary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg/93px-Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg/140px-Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Timothy-Leary-Los-Angeles-1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="221" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow,_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow"><img alt="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg/87px-Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg/130px-Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg/174px-Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3152" data-file-height="4354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Russell_Lowell_-_1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Russell Lowell"><img alt="James Russell Lowell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/James_Russell_Lowell_-_1855.jpg/92px-James_Russell_Lowell_-_1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/James_Russell_Lowell_-_1855.jpg/139px-James_Russell_Lowell_-_1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/James_Russell_Lowell_-_1855.jpg/185px-James_Russell_Lowell_-_1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="3400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">James Russell Lowell</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GregoryMankiw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greg Mankiw"><img alt="Greg Mankiw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/GregoryMankiw.jpg/79px-GregoryMankiw.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/GregoryMankiw.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Mankiw" title="Greg Mankiw">Greg Mankiw</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:102111_Pinker_344.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Steven Pinker"><img alt="Steven Pinker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/102111_Pinker_344.jpg/100px-102111_Pinker_344.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/102111_Pinker_344.jpg/151px-102111_Pinker_344.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/102111_Pinker_344.jpg/201px-102111_Pinker_344.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sec._Robert_Reich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Reich"><img alt="Robert Reich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sec._Robert_Reich.jpg/95px-Sec._Robert_Reich.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sec._Robert_Reich.jpg/142px-Sec._Robert_Reich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sec._Robert_Reich.jpg/190px-Sec._Robert_Reich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Robert Reich</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_M._Schlesinger,_Jr._1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr."><img alt="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Arthur_M._Schlesinger%2C_Jr._1961.jpg/90px-Arthur_M._Schlesinger%2C_Jr._1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Arthur_M._Schlesinger%2C_Jr._1961.jpg/135px-Arthur_M._Schlesinger%2C_Jr._1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Arthur_M._Schlesinger%2C_Jr._1961.jpg/180px-Arthur_M._Schlesinger%2C_Jr._1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amartya_Sen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amartya Sen"><img alt="Amartya Sen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Amartya_Sen.jpg/94px-Amartya_Sen.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Amartya_Sen.jpg/142px-Amartya_Sen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Amartya_Sen.jpg/189px-Amartya_Sen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="B. F. Skinner"><img alt="B. F. Skinner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950_%28cropped%29.jpg/91px-B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950_%28cropped%29.jpg/183px-B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_Summers_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lawrence Summers"><img alt="Lawrence Summers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lawrence_Summers_2012.jpg/86px-Lawrence_Summers_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lawrence_Summers_2012.jpg/128px-Lawrence_Summers_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lawrence_Summers_2012.jpg/171px-Lawrence_Summers_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Lawrence Summers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cass_Sunstein_(2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cass Sunstein"><img alt="Cass Sunstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cass_Sunstein_%282008%29.jpg/120px-Cass_Sunstein_%282008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cass_Sunstein_%282008%29.jpg/180px-Cass_Sunstein_%282008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cass_Sunstein_%282008%29.jpg/240px-Cass_Sunstein_%282008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1307" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Warren_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elizabeth Warren"><img alt="Elizabeth Warren" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Elizabeth_Warren_2016.jpg/82px-Elizabeth_Warren_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Elizabeth_Warren_2016.jpg/123px-Elizabeth_Warren_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Elizabeth_Warren_2016.jpg/164px-Elizabeth_Warren_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="1490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornel_West_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cornel West"><img alt="Cornel West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cornel_West_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/80px-Cornel_West_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cornel_West_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/120px-Cornel_West_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cornel_West_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/160px-Cornel_West_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plos_wilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="E. O. Wilson"><img alt="E. O. Wilson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Plos_wilson.jpg/120px-Plos_wilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Plos_wilson.jpg/180px-Plos_wilson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Plos_wilson.jpg/240px-Plos_wilson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1054" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shing-Tung_Yau_Screenshot_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shing-Tung Yau"><img alt="Shing-Tung Yau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shing-Tung_Yau_Screenshot_%28cropped%29.png/112px-Shing-Tung_Yau_Screenshot_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shing-Tung_Yau_Screenshot_%28cropped%29.png/167px-Shing-Tung_Yau_Screenshot_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Shing-Tung_Yau_Screenshot_%28cropped%29.png/223px-Shing-Tung_Yau_Screenshot_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_University_of_Puerto_Rico-San_Marcos-Harvard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Clock_Tower_University_of_Puerto_Rico-San_Marcos-Harvard.jpg/220px-Clock_Tower_University_of_Puerto_Rico-San_Marcos-Harvard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Clock_Tower_University_of_Puerto_Rico-San_Marcos-Harvard.jpg/330px-Clock_Tower_University_of_Puerto_Rico-San_Marcos-Harvard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Clock_Tower_University_of_Puerto_Rico-San_Marcos-Harvard.jpg/440px-Clock_Tower_University_of_Puerto_Rico-San_Marcos-Harvard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4026" data-file-height="3020" /></a><figcaption>Tower at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Puerto_Rico" title="University of Puerto Rico">University of Puerto Rico</a>, showing the emblem of Harvard (on right), the oldest in the United States, and that of <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_San_Marcos" title="National University of San Marcos">National University of San Marcos</a>, Lima (left), the oldest in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Harvard's reputation as a center of elite achievement or elitist privilege has made it a frequent literary and cinematic backdrop. "In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness," film critic Paul Sherman said in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <p>In contemporary literature, Harvard University features prominently in multiple novels, including: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> (1929) and <i><a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a></i> (1936), two novels by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>, both of which depict Harvard student life.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Of_Time_and_the_River" title="Of Time and the River">Of Time and the River</a></i> (1935) by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolfe" title="Thomas Wolfe">Thomas Wolfe</a>, a fictionalized autobiography, depicting Wolfe's <a href="/wiki/Alter_ego" title="Alter ego">alter ego</a>, Eugene Gant, a Harvard student.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaughan_Bail-1958_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaughan_Bail-1958-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Late_George_Apley" title="The Late George Apley">The Late George Apley</a></i> (1937), by 1915 Harvard alumnus <a href="/wiki/John_P._Marquand" title="John P. Marquand">John P. Marquand</a>, a novel presenting a satirical view of Harvard men in the early 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Vaughan_Bail-1958_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaughan_Bail-1958-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Second Happiest Day</i> (1953), by John P. Marquand, portrays Harvard during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> generation.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3></div> <p>Harvard University features prominently in the plots of multiple major films, including: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Story_(1970_film)" title="Love Story (1970 film)">Love Story</a></i> (1970), a romance between a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey">Harvard ice hockey</a> player, played by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_O%27Neal" title="Ryan O'Neal">Ryan O'Neal</a>, and a brilliant Radcliffe student of modest means, played by <a href="/wiki/Ali_MacGraw" title="Ali MacGraw">Ali MacGraw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Paper_Chase_(film)" title="The Paper Chase (film)">The Paper Chase</a></i> (1973),<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a drama based on the 1971 <a href="/wiki/The_Paper_Chase_(Osborn_novel)" title="The Paper Chase (Osborn novel)">novel of the same name</a> by Harvard alumnus <a href="/wiki/John_Jay_Osborn_Jr." title="John Jay Osborn Jr.">John Jay Osborn Jr.</a>, about a first year <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> student facing a demanding <a href="/wiki/Contract_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract law">contract law</a> course and professor.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Small_Circle_of_Friends" title="A Small Circle of Friends">A Small Circle of Friends</a></i> (1980), a drama about three Harvard University students in the 1960s</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prozac_Nation_(film)" title="Prozac Nation (film)">Prozac Nation</a></i> (1994), a psychological drama starring <a href="/wiki/Christina_Ricci" title="Christina Ricci">Christina Ricci</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Prozac_Nation" title="Prozac Nation">novel of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wurtzel" title="Elizabeth Wurtzel">Elizabeth Wurtzel</a>, which documents her real life story as a 19-year-old Harvard freshman struggling with <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">substance abuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">clinical depression</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homeless_to_Harvard:_The_Liz_Murray_Story" title="Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story">Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story</a></i> (2003), a <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_channel)" title="Lifetime (TV channel)">Lifetime</a> biographical <a href="/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">television film</a>, which chronicles the real life story of <a href="/wiki/Liz_Murray" title="Liz Murray">Liz Murray</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Thora_Birch" title="Thora Birch">Thora Birch</a>), who overcomes homelessness and a dysfunctional family to gain entry and a scholarship to Harvard after winning a <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i>-sponsored essay competition.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a></i> (2010), a biographical drama film which portrays the founding of social networking website <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/32px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/48px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/64px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts" title="Portal:Massachusetts">Massachusetts portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Gore_Hall" title="Gore Hall">Gore Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_College_social_clubs" title="Harvard College social clubs">Harvard College social clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Police_Department" title="Harvard University Police Department">Harvard University Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard/MIT_Cooperative_Society" title="Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society">Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Too,_Am_Harvard" title="I, Too, Am Harvard">I, Too, Am Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_named_chairs" title="List of Harvard University named chairs">List of Harvard University named chairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Harvard_University" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Harvard University">List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">List of oldest universities in continuous operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Harvard_University" title="Outline of Harvard University">Outline of Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Court_of_1920" title="Secret Court of 1920">Secret Court of 1920</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-laureates-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laureates_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Universities adopt different metrics to claim Nobel or other academic award affiliates, some generous while others more stringent.<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322165735/https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/">"The <b>official</b> Harvard count, which is <b>49</b>, only includes academicians affiliated at the time of winning the prize. Yet, the figure can be up to <b>some 160 Nobel affiliates</b>, the most worldwide, if visitors and professors of various ranks are all included (the most generous criterium), as what some other universities do"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/">the original</a> on March 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+official+Harvard+count%2C+which+is+49%2C+only+includes+academicians+affiliated+at+the+time+of+winning+the+prize.+Yet%2C+the+figure+can+be+up+to+some+160+Nobel+affiliates%2C+the+most+worldwide%2C+if+visitors+and+professors+of+various+ranks+are+all+included+%28the+most+generous+criterium%29%2C+as+what+some+other+universities+do.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harvard.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fnobel-laureates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Sugar2015" class="citation web cs1">Rachel Sugar (May 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/where-macarthur-geniuses-went-to-college-2015-5">"Where MacArthur 'Geniuses' Went to College"</a>. <i>businessinsider.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112191545/https://www.businessinsider.com/where-macarthur-geniuses-went-to-college-2015-5">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=businessinsider.com&rft.atitle=Where+MacArthur+%27Geniuses%27+Went+to+College&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.au=Rachel+Sugar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwhere-macarthur-geniuses-went-to-college-2015-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/">"Top Producers"</a>. <i>us.fulbrightonline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028121132/https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=us.fulbrightonline.org&rft.atitle=Top+Producers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopproducing.fulbrightonline.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics">"Statistics"</a>. <i>www.marshallscholarship.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126211334/http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marshallscholarship.org&rft.atitle=Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marshallscholarship.org%2Fabout%2Fstatistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/colleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time/">"US Rhodes Scholars Over Time"</a>. <i>www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125194727/https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/colleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=US+Rhodes+Scholars+Over+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk%2Foffice-of-the-american-secretary%2Fus-winners%2Fcolleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/28/harvard-stanford-yale-graduate-most-members-of-congress">"Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124125611/https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/28/harvard-stanford-yale-graduate-most-members-of-congress">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard%2C+Stanford%2C+Yale+Graduate+Most+Members+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2010%2F10%2F28%2Fharvard-stanford-yale-graduate-most-members-of-congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_fieldsxmedal.htm">"The complete list of Fields Medal winners"</a>. <i>areppim AG</i>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124132732/http://stats.areppim.com/listes/list_fieldsxmedal.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=areppim+AG&rft.atitle=The+complete+list+of+Fields+Medal+winners&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.areppim.com%2Flistes%2Flist_fieldsxmedal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other consists of <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> and those who prefer not to say.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The percentage of students who received an income-based federal <a href="/wiki/Pell_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pell grant">Pell grant</a> intended for low-income students.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The percentage of students who are a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">American middle class</a> or wealthier.</span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Records of The Tercentenary Festival of Dublin University</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Ireland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hodges_Figgis" title="Hodges Figgis">Hodges, Figgis & Co.</a> 1894. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781355361602" title="Special:BookSources/9781355361602"><bdi>9781355361602</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Records+of+The+Tercentenary+Festival+of+Dublin+University&rft.place=Dublin%2C+Ireland&rft.pub=Hodges%2C+Figgis+%26+Co.&rft.date=1894&rft.isbn=9781355361602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_John_Anderson" title="Peter John Anderson">Anderson, Peter John</a> (1907). <i>Record of the Celebration of the Quatercentenary of the University of Aberdeen: From 25th to 28th September, 1906</i>. <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: Aberdeen University Press (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">University of Aberdeen</a>). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781363625079" title="Special:BookSources/9781363625079"><bdi>9781363625079</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Record+of+the+Celebration+of+the+Quatercentenary+of+the+University+of+Aberdeen%3A+From+25th+to+28th+September%2C+1906&rft.place=Aberdeen%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Aberdeen+University+Press+%28University+of+Aberdeen%29&rft.date=1907&rft.isbn=9781363625079&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Peter+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Eliot_Morison1968" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Eliot Morison (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zkQWZaZqZfUC&pg=PA329"><i>The Founding of Harvard College</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-31450-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-31450-4"><bdi>978-0-674-31450-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414154250/https://books.google.com/books?id=zkQWZaZqZfUC&pg=PA329">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Founding+of+Harvard+College&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-674-31450-4&rft.au=Samuel+Eliot+Morison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzkQWZaZqZfUC%26pg%3DPA329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An appropriation of £400 toward a "school or college" was voted on October 28, 1636 (OS), at a meeting which convened on September 8 and was adjourned to October 28. Some sources consider October 28, 1636 (OS) (November 7, 1636, NS) to be the date of founding. Harvard's 1936 tercentenary celebration treated September 18 as the founding date, though its 1836 bicentennial was celebrated on September 8, 1836. Sources: meeting dates, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuincy1860" class="citation book cs1">Quincy, Josiah (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906024126/https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC11636583&id=KynqxH_4lGUC&pg=RA1-PA586&lpg=RA1-PA586"><i>The History of Harvard University</i></a>. Crosby, Nichols, Lee & Company. p. 586. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-10016-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-10016-1"><bdi>978-0-405-10016-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KynqxH_4lGUC&pg=PA586">the original</a> on September 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Harvard+University&rft.pages=586&rft.pub=Crosby%2C+Nichols%2C+Lee+%26+Company&rft.date=1860&rft.isbn=978-0-405-10016-1&rft.aulast=Quincy&rft.aufirst=Josiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKynqxH_4lGUC%26pg%3DPA586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span>, "At a Court holden September 8th, 1636 and continued by adjournment to the 28th of the 8th month (October, 1636)... the Court agreed to give £400 towards a School or College, whereof £200 to be paid next year...." Tercentenary dates: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205054221/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0%2C8816%2C756722%2C00.html">"Cambridge Birthday"</a>. <i>Time</i>. September 28, 1936. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,756722,00.html">the original</a> on December 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Cambridge+Birthday&rft.date=1936-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C756722%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span>: "Harvard claims birth on the day the Massachusetts Great and General Court convened to authorize its founding. This was Sept. 8, 1637 under the Julian calendar. Allowing for the ten-day advance of the Gregorian calendar, Tercentenary officials arrived at Sept. 18 as the date for the third and last big Day of the celebration;" "on Oct. 28, 1636 ... £400 for that 'school or college' [was voted by] the Great and General Court of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>." Bicentennial date: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarvin_Hightower2003" class="citation web cs1">Marvin Hightower (September 2, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060908144409/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/10.02/02-history.html">"Harvard Gazette: This Month in Harvard History"</a>. Harvard University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/10.02/02-history.html">the original</a> on September 8, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard+Gazette%3A+This+Month+in+Harvard+History&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.date=2003-09-02&rft.au=Marvin+Hightower&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2F2003%2F10.02%2F02-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span>, "Sept. 8, 1836 – Some 1,100 to 1,300 alumni flock to Harvard's Bicentennial, at which a professional choir premieres "Fair Harvard." ... guest speaker Josiah Quincy Jr., Class of 1821, makes a motion, unanimously adopted, 'that this assembly of the Alumni be adjourned to meet at this place on September 8, 1936.'" Tercentary opening of Quincy's sealed package: <i>The New York Times</i>, September 9, 1936, p. 24, "Package Sealed in 1836 Opened at Harvard. It Held Letters Written at Bicentenary": "September 8th, 1936: As the first formal function in the celebration of Harvard's tercentenary, the Harvard Alumni Association witnessed the opening by President Conant of the 'mysterious' package sealed by President Josiah Quincy at the Harvard bicentennial in 1836."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BGendow-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BGendow_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGendow_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BGendow_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/harvard-posts-investment-gain-fiscal-2023-endowment-stands-507-billion-2023-10-20/">"Harvard posts investment gain in fiscal 2023, endowment stands at $50.7 billion"</a>. <i>Reuters.com</i>. October 20, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020010333/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/harvard-posts-investment-gain-fiscal-2023-endowment-stands-507-billion-2023-10-20/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters.com&rft.atitle=Harvard+posts+investment+gain+in+fiscal+2023%2C+endowment+stands+at+%2450.7+billion&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fharvard-posts-investment-gain-fiscal-2023-endowment-stands-507-billion-2023-10-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HFRendow-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HFRendow_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFRendow_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFRendow_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.harvard.edu/files/fad/files/fy23_harvard_financial_report.pdf">Financial Report Fiscal Year 2023</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Harvard University. October 19, 2023. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023205617/https://finance.harvard.edu/files/fad/files/fy23_harvard_financial_report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Financial+Report+Fiscal+Year+2023&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.harvard.edu%2Ffiles%2Ffad%2Ffiles%2Ffy23_harvard_financial_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaidarKettles2024" class="citation web cs1">Haidar, Emma H.; Kettles, Cam E. (March 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2024/3/2/john-manning-harvard-provost/">"Harvard Law School Dean John Manning '82 Named Interim Provost by Garber"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=Harvard+Law+School+Dean+John+Manning+%2782+Named+Interim+Provost+by+Garber&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.aulast=Haidar&rft.aufirst=Emma+H.&rft.au=Kettles%2C+Cam+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F2024%2F3%2F2%2Fjohn-manning-harvard-provost%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glance-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glance_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hwpi.harvard.edu/files/guidelines/files/2017_14_07_harvard_graphic_identity_standards_manual.pdf">"Harvard University Graphic Identity Standards Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. July 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220719035117/https://hwpi.harvard.edu/files/guidelines/files/2017_14_07_harvard_graphic_identity_standards_manual.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard+University+Graphic+Identity+Standards+Manual&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhwpi.harvard.edu%2Ffiles%2Fguidelines%2Ffiles%2F2017_14_07_harvard_graphic_identity_standards_manual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDS-B-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDS-B_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDS-B_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDS-B_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720173229/https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.harvard.edu/dist/6/210/files/2023/06/harvard_cds_2022-2023.pdf">"Common Data Set 2023–2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Office of Institutional Research</i>. Harvard University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.harvard.edu/dist/6/210/files/2024/05/CDS_2023-2024-Final-4755619e875b1241.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+Institutional+Research&rft.atitle=Common+Data+Set+2023%E2%80%932024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com%2Fsites.harvard.edu%2Fdist%2F6%2F210%2Ffiles%2F2024%2F05%2FCDS_2023-2024-Final-4755619e875b1241.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Harvard&s=all&id=166027">"IPEDS – Harvard University"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221028192553/https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Harvard&s=all&id=166027">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IPEDS+%E2%80%93+Harvard+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fcollegenavigator%2F%3Fq%3DHarvard%26s%3Dall%26id%3D166027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/gocrimson.com/documents/2021/7/27/Harvard_Athletics_Brand_Identity_Guide.pdf#page=7">"Color Scheme"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Harvard Athletics Brand Identity Guide</i>. July 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Athletics+Brand+Identity+Guide&rft.atitle=Color+Scheme&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Fgocrimson.com%2Fdocuments%2F2021%2F7%2F27%2FHarvard_Athletics_Brand_Identity_Guide.pdf%23page%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples include: <ol><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellerKeller2001" class="citation book cs1">Keller, Morton; Keller, Phyllis (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingharvardmod0000kell"><i>Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingharvardmod0000kell/page/463">463</a>–481. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514457-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514457-0"><bdi>0-19-514457-0</bdi></a>. <q>Harvard's professional schools... won world prestige of a sort rarely seen among social institutions. [...] Harvard's age, wealth, quality, and prestige may well shield it from any conceivable vicissitudes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Harvard+Modern%3A+The+Rise+of+America%27s+University&rft.pages=463-481&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-514457-0&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Morton&rft.au=Keller%2C+Phyllis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingharvardmod0000kell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpaulding1989" class="citation book cs1">Spaulding, Christina (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howharvardrulesr00trum/page/326">"Sexual Shakedown"</a>. In Trumpbour, John (ed.). <i>How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire</i>. South End Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howharvardrulesr00trum/page/326">326–336</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89608-284-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89608-284-9"><bdi>0-89608-284-9</bdi></a>. <q>... [Harvard's] tremendous institutional power and prestige [...] Within the nation's (arguably) most prestigious institution of higher learning ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sexual+Shakedown&rft.btitle=How+Harvard+Rules%3A+Reason+in+the+Service+of+Empire&rft.pages=326-336&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-89608-284-9&rft.aulast=Spaulding&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowharvardrulesr00trum%2Fpage%2F326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Altaner2011" class="citation web cs1">David Altaner (March 9, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-10/harvard-mit-ranked-most-prestigious-universities-study-reports.html">"Harvard, MIT Ranked Most Prestigious Universities, Study Reports"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110314002025/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-10/harvard-mit-ranked-most-prestigious-universities-study-reports.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard%2C+MIT+Ranked+Most+Prestigious+Universities%2C+Study+Reports&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft.date=2011-03-09&rft.au=David+Altaner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2011-03-10%2Fharvard-mit-ranked-most-prestigious-universities-study-reports.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i>. Macmillan Educational Co. 1986. <q>Harvard University, one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher learning, was founded in Massachusetts in 1636.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Macmillan+Educational+Co.&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewport2003" class="citation web cs1">Newport, Frank (August 26, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/9109/harvard-number-one-university-eyes-public.aspx">"Harvard Number One University in Eyes of Public Stanford and Yale in second place"</a>. Gallup. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925172644/http://www.gallup.com/poll/9109/harvard-number-one-university-eyes-public.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard+Number+One+University+in+Eyes+of+Public+Stanford+and+Yale+in+second+place&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2003-08-26&rft.aulast=Newport&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F9109%2Fharvard-number-one-university-eyes-public.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonhardt2006" class="citation news cs1">Leonhardt, David (September 17, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/weekinreview/17leonhardt.html">"Ending Early Admissions: Guess Who Wins?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327234643/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/weekinreview/17leonhardt.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2020</span>. <q>The most prestigious college in the world, of course, is Harvard, and the gap between it and every other university is often underestimated.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ending+Early+Admissions%3A+Guess+Who+Wins%3F&rft.date=2006-09-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Leonhardt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F09%2F17%2Fweekinreview%2F17leonhardt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoerr1997" class="citation book cs1">Hoerr, John (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wecanteatprestig00hoer"><i>We Can't Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard</i></a></span>. Temple University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wecanteatprestig00hoer/page/3">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-535-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-535-9"><bdi>978-1-56639-535-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+Can%27t+Eat+Prestige%3A+The+Women+Who+Organized+Harvard&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-56639-535-9&rft.aulast=Hoerr&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwecanteatprestig00hoer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Wong, Alia (September 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/09/america-private-college-tuition/569812/">"At Private Colleges, Students Pay for Prestige"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226171501/https://archive.org/details/makingharvardmod0000kell">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Americans tend to think of colleges as falling somewhere on a vast hierarchy based largely on their status and brand recognition. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=harvard.edu&rft.atitle=The+instrument+behind+New+England%27s+first+literary+flowering&rft.date=2012-03-08&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=Corydon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2012%2F03%2Fharvard%27s-first-impressions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123223546/http://www.hull.ac.uk/mhsc/FarHorizons/Documents/EzekielRogers.pdf">"Rowley and Ezekiel Rogers, The First North American Printing Press"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>hull.ac.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hull.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Rowley+and+Ezekiel+Rogers%2C+The+First+North+American+Printing+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hull.ac.uk%2Fmhsc%2FFarHorizons%2FDocuments%2FEzekielRogers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvard" class="citation web cs1">Harvard, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/John_Harvard.aspx">"John Harvard Facts, Information"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2009</span>. <q>He bequeathed £780 (half his estate) and his library of 320 volumes to the new established college at Cambridge, Mass., which was named in his honor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=John+Harvard+Facts%2C+Information.&rft.aulast=Harvard&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FJohn_Harvard.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2002" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Louis B. (2002). <i>The Cultural Life of the American Colonies</i> (1st ed.). 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(January 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L50mveyi6WoC"><i>The Making of American Liberal Theology: Imagining Progressive Religion, 1805–1900</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22354-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22354-0"><bdi>978-0-664-22354-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906030528/https://books.google.com/books?id=L50mveyi6WoC">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Eliot's Educational Reforms". <i>Journal of Unitarian Universalist History</i>. <b>31</b>: <span class="nowrap">30–</span>45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Unitarian+Universalist+History&rft.atitle=The+Theological+Roots+of+Charles+W.+Eliot%27s+Educational+Reforms&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2006%2F2007&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=Stephen+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grahamarader.blogspot.com/2011/07/iconic-college-view-harvard-university.html">"An Iconic College View: Harvard University, circa 1900. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/yourtown/news/cambridge/2010/09/harvard_at_the_movies_schools.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2020</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness.... Someone from Missouri who has never lived in Boston ... can get this idea that it's all trust fund babies and ivy-covered walls.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston.com&rft.atitle=%27Social+Network%27+taps+other+campuses+for+Harvard+role&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fyourtown%2Fnews%2Fcambridge%2F2010%2F09%2Fharvard_at_the_movies_schools.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrinkley1962" class="citation web cs1">Crinkley, Richmond (July 12, 1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1962/7/12/william-faulkner-the-southern-mind-meets/">"WILLIAM FAULKNER: The Southern Mind Meets Harvard In the Era Before World War I"</a>. <i>www.thecrimson.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301055801/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1962/7/12/william-faulkner-the-southern-mind-meets/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecrimson.com&rft.atitle=WILLIAM+FAULKNER%3A+The+Southern+Mind+Meets+Harvard+In+the+Era+Before+World+War+I&rft.date=1962-07-12&rft.aulast=Crinkley&rft.aufirst=Richmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1962%2F7%2F12%2Fwilliam-faulkner-the-southern-mind-meets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaughan_Bail-1958-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vaughan_Bail-1958_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vaughan_Bail-1958_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan_Bail1958" class="citation journal cs1">Vaughan Bail, Hamilton (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525042.pdf">"Harvard Fiction: Some critical and Bibliographical Notes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Antiquarian Society</i>: <span class="nowrap">346–</span>347. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301055757/https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525042.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.atitle=Harvard+Fiction%3A+Some+critical+and+Bibliographical+Notes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E346-%3C%2Fspan%3E347&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Vaughan+Bail&rft.aufirst=Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525042.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100052807?d=%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100052807">"Late George Apley"</a>. <i>Oxford Reference</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401214630/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100052807?d=/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100052807">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=Late+George+Apley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100052807%3Fd%3D%252F10.1093%252Foi%252Fauthority.20110803100052807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2002" class="citation book cs1">King, Michael (2002). <i>Wrestling with the Angel</i>. p. 371. <q>...praised as an iconic chronicle of his generation and his WASP-ish class.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wrestling+with+the+Angel&rft.pages=371&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalberstam1953" class="citation news cs1">Halberstam, Michael J. (February 18, 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1953/2/18/white-shoe-and-weak-will-pjohn/">"White Shoe and Weak Will"</a>. <i>Harvard Crimson</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126180414/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1953/2/18/white-shoe-and-weak-will-pjohn/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2015. <q>The book is written slickly, but without distinction.... The book will be quick, enjoyable reading for all Harvard men.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=White+Shoe+and+Weak+Will&rft.date=1953-02-18&rft.aulast=Halberstam&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1953%2F2%2F18%2Fwhite-shoe-and-weak-will-pjohn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardley2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Yardley" title="Jonathan Yardley">Yardley, Jonathan</a> (December 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/22/AR2009122203456.html">"Second Reading"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209173651/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/22/AR2009122203456.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2015. <q> '...a balanced and impressive novel...' [is] a judgment with which I [agree].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Second+Reading&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F12%2F22%2FAR2009122203456.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Bois1953" class="citation news cs1">Du Bois, William (February 1, 1953). "Out of a Jitter-and-Fritter World". <i>The New York Times</i>. p. BR5. <q>exhibits Mr. Phillips' talent at its finest</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Out+of+a+Jitter-and-Fritter+World&rft.pages=BR5&rft.date=1953-02-01&rft.aulast=Du+Bois&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"John Phillips, The Second Happiest Day". <i>Southwest Review</i>. Vol. 38. p. 267. <q>So when the critics say the author of "The Second Happiest Day" is a new Fitzgerald, we think they may be right.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwest+Review&rft.atitle=John+Phillips%2C+The+Second+Happiest+Day&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1996/6/3/never-having-to-say-youre-sorry/">"Never Having To Say You're Sorry for 25 Years..."</a> <i>Harvard Crimson</i>. June 3, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130717001127/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1996/6/3/never-having-to-say-youre-sorry/">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=Never+Having+To+Say+You%27re+Sorry+for+25+Years...&rft.date=1996-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1996%2F6%2F3%2Fnever-having-to-say-youre-sorry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinciguerra2010" class="citation news cs1">Vinciguerra, Thomas (August 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/movies/22love.html">"The Disease: Fatal. The Treatment: Mockery"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310224906/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/movies/22love.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Disease%3A+Fatal.+The+Treatment%3A+Mockery&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft.aulast=Vinciguerra&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F22%2Fmovies%2F22love.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"A Many-Splendored 'Love Story'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Harvard University Gazette</i>. February 8, 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+University+Gazette&rft.atitle=A+Many-Splendored+%27Love+Story%27.&rft.date=1996-02-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2012" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Colleen (October 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/10/the-paper-chase-at-40/">"The Paper Chase at 40"</a>. <i>Harvard Gazette</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203171406/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/10/the-paper-chase-at-40/">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Paper+Chase+at+40&rft.date=2012-10-02&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2012%2F10%2Fthe-paper-chase-at-40%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Abelmann, Walter H., ed. <i>The Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology: The First 25 Years, 1970–1995</i> (2004). 346 pp.</li> <li>Beecher, Henry K. and Altschule, Mark D. <i>Medicine at Harvard: The First 300 Years</i> (1977). 569 pp.</li> <li>Bentinck-Smith, William, ed. <i>The Harvard Book: Selections from Three Centuries</i> (2d ed.1982). 499 pp.</li> <li>Bethell, John T.; Hunt, Richard M.; and Shenton, Robert. <i>Harvard A to Z</i> (2004). 396 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0674012887">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Bethell, John T. <i>Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century</i>, Harvard University Press, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-37733-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-37733-8">0-674-37733-8</a></li> <li>Bunting, Bainbridge. <i>Harvard: An Architectural History</i> (1985). 350 pp.</li> <li>Carpenter, Kenneth E. <i>The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library: Description of an Exhibition</i> (1986). 216 pp.</li> <li>Cuno, James et al. <i>Harvard's Art Museums: 100 Years of Collecting</i> (1996). 364 pp.</li> <li>Elliott, Clark A. and Rossiter, Margaret W., eds. <i>Science at Harvard University: Historical Perspectives</i> (1992). 380 pp.</li> <li>Hall, Max. <i>Harvard University Press: A History</i> (1986). 257 pp.</li> <li>Hay, Ida. <i>Science in the Pleasure Ground: A History of the Arnold Arboretum</i> (1995). 349 pp.</li> <li>Hoerr, John, <i>We Can't Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard;</i> <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56639-535-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56639-535-6">1-56639-535-6</a></li> <li>Howells, Dorothy Elia. <i>A Century to Celebrate: Radcliffe College, 1879–1979</i> (1978). 152 pp.</li> <li>Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. <i>Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America's University</i> (2001), major history covers 1933 to 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702220422/https://www.questia.com/read/106186126?title=Making%20Harvard%20Modern%3a%20%20The%20Rise%20of%20America%27s%20University">"online edition"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/106186126?title=Making%20Harvard%20Modern%3a%20%20The%20Rise%20of%20America%27s%20University">the original</a> on July 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=online+edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F106186126%3Ftitle%3DMaking%2520Harvard%2520Modern%253a%2520%2520The%2520Rise%2520of%2520America%2527s%2520University&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarvard+University" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_R._Lewis" title="Harry R. Lewis">Lewis, Harry R.</a> <i>Excellence Without a Soul: How a Great University Forgot Education</i> (2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58648-393-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58648-393-5">1-58648-393-5</a></li> <li>Morison, Samuel Eliot. <i>Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936</i> (1986) 512pp; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUUf7ssp1u4C">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Powell, Arthur G. <i>The Uncertain Profession: Harvard and the Search for Educational Authority</i> (1980). 341 pp.</li> <li>Reid, Robert. <i>Year One: An Intimate Look inside Harvard Business School</i> (1994). 331 pp.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rosovsky" title="Henry Rosovsky">Rosovsky, Henry</a>. <i>The University: An Owner's Manual</i> (1991). 312 pp.</li> <li>Rosovsky, Nitza. <i>The Jewish Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe</i> (1986). 108 pp.</li> <li>Seligman, Joel. <i>The High Citadel: The Influence of Harvard Law School</i> (1978). 262 pp.</li> <li>Sollors, Werner; Titcomb, Caldwell; and Underwood, Thomas A., eds. <i>Blacks at Harvard: A Documentary History of African-American Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe</i> (1993). 548 pp.</li> <li><span id="Trumpbour">Trumpbour, John, ed.</span>, <i>How Harvard Rules. Reason in the Service of Empire</i>, Boston: South End Press, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89608-283-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89608-283-0">0-89608-283-0</a></li> <li>Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, ed., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4662764">Yards and Gates: Gender in Harvard and Radcliffe History</a></i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, 2004. 337 pp.</li> <li>Winsor, Mary P. <i>Reading the Shape of Nature: Comparative Zoology at the Agassiz Museum</i> (1991). 324 pp.</li> <li>Wright, Conrad Edick. <i>Revolutionary Generation: Harvard Men and the Consequences of Independence</i> (2005). 298 pp.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/q13371" class="extiw" title="d:q13371">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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class="tmp-color" style="color:white">statue</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Harvard_University" title="President of Harvard University"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">President</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Garber" title="Alan Garber"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Alan Garber</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Board_of_Overseers" title="Harvard Board of Overseers"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Board of Overseers</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_and_Fellows_of_Harvard_College" title="President and Fellows of Harvard College"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">President and Fellows</span></a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Provost</span> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Manning" title="John F. Manning"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">John Manning</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Library</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences"><span style="color:white">Arts and<br /> Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/Hopi_Hoekstra" title="Hopi Hoekstra">Hopi Hoekstra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College"><span style="color:white">College</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Khurana" title="Rakesh Khurana">Rakesh Khurana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_College" title="Radcliffe College">Radcliffe College</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_College_freshman_dormitories" title="List of Harvard College freshman dormitories">Freshman dormitories</a></li> <li>Upperclass houses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Adams House (Harvard College)">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabot_House" title="Cabot House">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currier_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Currier House (Harvard College)">Currier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Community" title="Dudley Community">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunster_House" title="Dunster House">Dunster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_House_(Harvard_College)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliot House (Harvard College)">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkland_House" title="Kirkland House">Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_House" title="Leverett House">Leverett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_House" title="Lowell House">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mather_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Mather House (Harvard College)">Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheimer_House" title="Pforzheimer House">Pforzheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Quincy House (Harvard College)">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_House" title="Winthrop House">Winthrop</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_College_undergraduate_organizations" title="List of Harvard College undergraduate organizations">Undergraduate organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasty_Pudding_Theatricals" title="Hasty Pudding Theatricals">Hasty Pudding Theatricals</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Advocate" title="The Harvard Advocate">The Harvard Advocate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Independent" title="The Harvard Independent">The Harvard Independent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Lampoon" title="The Harvard Lampoon">The Harvard Lampoon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Division_of_Continuing_Education" title="Harvard Division of Continuing Education"><span style="color:white">Continuing Education</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean Nancy Coleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Extension_School" title="Harvard Extension School">Extension School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Harvard_Extension_School" title="History of Harvard Extension School">Extension School history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Summer_School" title="Harvard Summer School">Summer School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences"><span style="color:white">Engineering and<br />Applied Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/David_C._Parkes" title="David C. Parkes">David C. Parkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Laboratory_of_Physics" title="Lyman Laboratory of Physics">Lyman Laboratory of Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences"><span style="color:white">Graduate School</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/Emma_Dench" title="Emma Dench">Emma Dench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabot_Science_Library" title="Cabot Science Library">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yenching_Library" title="Harvard–Yenching Library">Harvard-Yenching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Library" title="Houghton Library">Houghton</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Review" title="Harvard Review">Harvard Review</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamont_Library" title="Lamont Library">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusey_Library" title="Pusey Library">Pusey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widener_Library" title="Widener Library">Widener</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Elkins_Widener" title="Harry Elkins Widener">Harry Elkins Widener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Elkins_Widener" title="Eleanor Elkins Widener">Eleanor Elkins Widener</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossman_Library" title="Grossman Library">Grossman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Centers, institutes,<br />and societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Asia_Center" title="Harvard University Asia Center">Asia Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchins_Center_for_African_and_African_American_Research" title="Hutchins Center for African and African American Research">Center for African and African American Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois_Research_Institute" title="W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute">Du Bois Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics" title="Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics">Center for Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbank_Center_for_Chinese_Studies" title="Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies">Center for Chinese Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minda_de_Gunzburg_Center_for_European_Studies" title="Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies">Center for European Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_Center_for_the_Visual_Arts" title="Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts">Center for Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Hellenic_Studies" title="Center for Hellenic Studies">Center for Hellenic Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks" title="Dumbarton Oaks">Dumbarton Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Forest" title="Harvard Forest">Harvard Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rowland_Institute_at_Harvard" title="The Rowland Institute at Harvard">Rowland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Ukrainian_Research_Institute" title="Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute">Ukrainian Research Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School"><span style="color:white">Business</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/Srikant_Datar" title="Srikant Datar">Srikant Datar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Library/Bloomberg_Center" title="Baker Library/Bloomberg Center">Baker Library/Bloomberg Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_Publishing" title="Harvard Business Publishing">Harvard Business Publishing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review" title="Harvard Business Review">Harvard Business Review</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School_RFC" title="Harvard Business School RFC">Harvard Business School RFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spangler_Center" title="Spangler Center">Spangler Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Design" title="Harvard Graduate School of Design"><span style="color:white">Design</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Whiting" title="Sarah Whiting">Sarah Whiting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Design_Magazine" title="Harvard Design Magazine">Harvard Design Magazine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Center_for_Housing_Studies" title="Joint Center for Housing Studies">Center for Housing Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School"><span style="color:white">Divinity</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/David_N._Hempton" title="David N. Hempton">David N. Hempton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="Harvard Graduate School of Education"><span style="color:white">Education</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Terry_Long" title="Bridget Terry Long">Bridget Terry Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School"><span style="color:white">Government</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean Jeremy M. Weinstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Center_for_Democratic_Governance_and_Innovation" title="Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation">Ash Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfer_Center_for_Science_and_International_Affairs" title="Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs">Belfer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carr_Center_for_Human_Rights_Policy" title="Carr Center for Human Rights Policy">Carr Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_%26_Lily_Safra_Center_for_Ethics" title="Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Ethics">Center for Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Center_for_Housing_Studies" title="Joint Center for Housing Studies">Center for Housing Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauser_Center_for_Nonprofit_Organizations" title="Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations">Center for Nonprofit Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Public_Leadership" title="Center for Public Leadership">Center for Public Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Institute_of_Politics" title="Harvard Institute of Politics">Institute of Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rappaport_Institute_for_Greater_Boston" title="Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston">Rappaport Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorenstein_Center_on_Media,_Politics_and_Public_Policy" title="Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy">Shorenstein Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Journalist%27s_Resource" title="The Journalist's Resource">The Journalist's Resource</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School"><span style="color:white">Law</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/John_F._Manning" title="John F. Manning">John F. Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkman_Klein_Center_for_Internet_%26_Society" title="Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society">Berkman Klein Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Civil_Rights%E2%80%93Civil_Liberties_Law_Review" title="Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review">Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_International_Law_Journal" title="Harvard International Law Journal">International Law Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Journal_of_Law_%26_Technology" title="Harvard Journal of Law & Technology">Journal of Law & Technology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Journal_on_Legislation" title="Harvard Journal on Legislation">Journal on Legislation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Record" title="Harvard Law Record">Law Record</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Law Review</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School"><span style="color:white">Medicine</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/George_Q._Daley" title="George Q. Daley">George Q. Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Institute" title="Broad Institute">Broad Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Medical_Library" title="Boston Medical Library">Medical Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Anatomical_Museum" title="Warren Anatomical Museum">Anatomical Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93MIT_Program_in_Health_Sciences_and_Technology" title="Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology">Program in Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Dental_Medicine" title="Harvard School of Dental Medicine">School of Dental Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_T.H._Chan_School_of_Public_Health" title="Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health"><span style="color:white">Public Health</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Ann_Williams" title="Michelle Ann Williams">Michelle Ann Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Museums and<br /> arboretum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Arboretum" title="Arnold Arboretum">Arnold Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Art_Museums" title="Harvard Art Museums">Harvard Art Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Ethnology" title="Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology">Archaeology and Ethnology Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busch%E2%80%93Reisinger_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Busch–Reisinger Museum">Busch–Reisinger Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogg_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fogg Museum">Fogg Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur M. Sackler Museum">Sackler Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Collection_of_Historical_Scientific_Instruments" title="Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments">Collection of Scientific Instruments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_Flowers" title="Glass Flowers">Glass Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Mineralogical_Museum" title="Harvard Mineralogical Museum">Mineralogical Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Artemas_Ward_House" title="General Artemas Ward House">General Artemas Ward House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Harvard Museum of Natural History">Natural History Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comparative_Zoology" title="Museum of Comparative Zoology">Comparative Zoology Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Herbaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Museum_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" title="Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East">Museum of the Ancient Near East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Cambridge<br /> campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boylston_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Boylston Hall (Harvard University)">Boylston Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stow_Bradley_Jr._Memorial" title="Robert Stow Bradley Jr. Memorial">Bradley Memorial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discobolus_(Harvard_University)" title="Discobolus (Harvard University)">Discobolus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Harvard_Yard" title="Gates of Harvard Yard">Gates of Harvard Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_Center" title="Harvard Graduate Center">Graduate Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Hall" title="Harvard Hall">Harvard Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Church_of_Harvard_University" title="Memorial Church of Harvard University">Memorial Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Choir" title="Harvard University Choir">Choir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Massachusetts Hall (Harvard University)">Massachusetts Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Memorial Hall (Harvard University)">Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Wall_I" title="Night Wall I">Night Wall I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody_Terrace" title="Peabody Terrace">Peabody Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Harvard)" title="President's House (Harvard)">President's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Science_Center" title="Harvard Science Center">Science Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Campus_Center" title="Smith Campus Center">Smith Campus Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="University Hall (Harvard University)">University Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Centers and<br /> institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Innovation_Labs" title="Harvard Innovation Labs">Harvard Innovation Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Green_High_Performance_Computing_Center" title="Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center">Computing Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Radcliffe_Institute" title="Harvard Radcliffe Institute">Harvard Radcliffe Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schlesinger_Library" title="Schlesinger Library">Schlesinger Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Theater_Training" title="Institute for Advanced Theater Training">Institute for Advanced Theater Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieman_Foundation_for_Journalism" title="Nieman Foundation for Journalism">Nieman Foundation for Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Colegio_Complutense" title="Real Colegio Complutense">Real Colegio Complutense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_I_Tatti" title="Villa I Tatti">Villa I Tatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyss_Institute_for_Biologically_Inspired_Engineering" title="Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering">Wyss Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_people" title="List of Harvard University people">List of Harvard University people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_non-graduate_alumni" title="List of Harvard University non-graduate alumni">Non-graduate alumni</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson"><span style="color:white">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_baseball" title="Harvard Crimson baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_basketball" title="Harvard Crimson men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women%27s_basketball" title="Harvard Crimson women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_fencing" title="Harvard Crimson fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_football" title="Harvard Crimson football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey">Men's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Harvard Crimson women's ice hockey">Women's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Harvard Crimson men's lacrosse">Men's lacrosse‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_rugby" title="Harvard rugby">Men's rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_women%27s_rugby" title="Harvard women's rugby">Women's rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_soccer" title="Harvard Crimson men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women%27s_soccer" title="Harvard Crimson women's soccer">Women's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_squash" title="Harvard Crimson men's squash">Men's squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_volleyball" title="Harvard Crimson men's volleyball">Men's volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women%27s_volleyball" title="Harvard Crimson women's volleyball">Women's volleyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bright-Landry_Hockey_Center" title="Bright-Landry Hockey Center">Bright-Landry Hockey Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Stadium" title="Harvard Stadium">Harvard Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Field" title="Jordan Field">Jordan Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavietes_Pavilion" title="Lavietes Pavilion">Lavietes Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohiri_Field" title="Ohiri Field">Ohiri Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkin_Athletic_Center" title="Malkin Athletic Center">Malkin Athletic Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newell_Boathouse" title="Newell Boathouse">Newell Boathouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weld_Boathouse" title="Weld Boathouse">Weld Boathouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell%E2%80%93Harvard_hockey_rivalry" title="Cornell–Harvard hockey rivalry">Cornell (hockey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yale_football_rivalry" title="Harvard–Yale football rivalry">Yale (football)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Harvard" title="Fair Harvard">Alma mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_and_traditions_of_Harvard_commencements" title="History and traditions of Harvard commencements">Commencement traditions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Harvard_University" title="Academic regalia of Harvard University">Academic regalia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Graduate_Students_Union" title="Harvard Graduate Students Union">Graduate Students Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Harvard_University" title="Heraldry of Harvard University">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Tercentenary_celebration" title="Harvard Tercentenary celebration">Tercentenary celebration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Magazine" title="Harvard Magazine">Harvard Magazine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_de_Jersey_Harvard" title="Lionel de Jersey Harvard">Lionel de Jersey Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_55" title="Math 55">Math 55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Society_of_Fellows" title="Harvard Society of Fellows">Society of Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_Professors_at_Harvard_University" title="List of University Professors at Harvard University">University Professor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University" title="Category:Harvard University"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harvard_University" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Harvard University"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Commons</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles192" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background-color:#A31F36;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #2C2A29, inset -2px -2px 0 #2C2A29;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles192" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ivy_League171" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#01563F;color:#FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ivy_League" title="Template:Ivy League"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ivy_League" title="Template talk:Ivy League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ivy_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ivy League"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ivy_League171" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ivy League</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#01563F;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvannia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvannia">University of Pennsylvannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivy_league_simple_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ivy_league_simple_logo.png/50px-Ivy_league_simple_logo.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ivy_league_simple_logo.png/75px-Ivy_league_simple_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ivy_league_simple_logo.png/100px-Ivy_league_simple_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#01563F;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bears" title="Brown Bears">Brown Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Lions" title="Columbia Lions">Columbia Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red" title="Cornell Big Red">Cornell Big Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Big_Green" title="Dartmouth Big Green">Dartmouth Big Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson">Harvard Crimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Quakers" title="Penn Quakers">Penn Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers" title="Princeton Tigers">Princeton Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs" title="Yale Bulldogs">Yale Bulldogs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#01563F;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_Baseball_Championship_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivy League Baseball Championship Series">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_men%27s_basketball" title="Ivy League men's basketball">Basketball (men's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="Ivy League women's basketball tournament">Basketball (women's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_Fencing_Championships" title="Ivy League Fencing Championships">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Rugby_Conference" title="Ivy Rugby Conference">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_men%27s_soccer_tournament" title="Ivy League men's soccer tournament">Soccer (men's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_women%27s_soccer_tournament" title="Ivy League women's soccer tournament">Soccer (women's)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#01563F;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_business_schools" title="List of Ivy League business schools">Business schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_law_schools" title="List of Ivy League law schools">Law schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_medical_schools" title="List of Ivy League medical schools">Medical schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ivy_League_public_policy_schools" title="List of Ivy League public policy schools">Public policy schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#01563F;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(colleges)" title="Big Three (colleges)">Big Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Council" title="Ivy Council">Ivy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_nude_posture_photos" title="Ivy League nude posture photos">Nude posture photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Ivy" title="Public Ivy">Public Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ivy" title="Southern Ivy">Southern Ivy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Take_Ivy" title="Take Ivy">Take Ivy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#01563F;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_Digital_Network" title="Ivy League Digital Network">Digital Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cambridge,_Massachusetts111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Template:Cambridge, Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Cambridge, Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cambridge, Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cambridge,_Massachusetts111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Timeline of Cambridge, Massachusetts">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Square,_Cambridge" title="Central Square, Cambridge">Central Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Square" title="Harvard Square">Harvard Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inman_Square" title="Inman Square">Inman Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall_Square" title="Kendall Square">Kendall Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechmere_Square" title="Lechmere Square">Lechmere Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Square" title="Porter Square">Porter Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Cambridge,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="East Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts">East Cambridge</a> (Area 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_Campus_(Area_2),_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="MIT Campus (Area 2), Cambridge, Massachusetts">MIT Campus</a> (Area 2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington-Harrington" title="Wellington-Harrington">Wellington-Harrington</a> (Area 3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Port,_Cambridge" title="The Port, Cambridge">The Port</a> (Area 4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeport,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridgeport, Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridgeport</a> (Area 5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Cambridge" title="Mid-Cambridge">Mid-Cambridge</a> (Area 6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_Cambridge" title="Riverside, Cambridge">Riverside</a> (Area 7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agassiz,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Agassiz, Cambridge, Massachusetts">Agassiz</a> (Area 8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Nine" title="Neighborhood Nine">Neighborhood Nine</a> (Area 9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Cambridge_(neighborhood)" title="West Cambridge (neighborhood)">West Cambridge</a> (Area 10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="North Cambridge, Massachusetts">North Cambridge</a> (Area 11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Highlands" title="Cambridge Highlands">Cambridge Highlands</a> (Area 12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill,_Cambridge" title="Strawberry Hill, Cambridge">Strawberry Hill</a> (Area 13)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Public_School_District" title="Cambridge Public School District">Cambridge PSD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amigos_School" title="Amigos School">Amigos School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_and_Parks_School" title="Graham and Parks School">Graham and Parks School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Rindge_and_Latin_School" title="Cambridge Rindge and Latin School">Rindge and Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Charter_School_of_Cambridge" title="Community Charter School of Cambridge">Community Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Hill_Academy_Charter_School" title="Prospect Hill Academy Charter School">Prospect Hill Academy Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Browne_%26_Nichols_School" title="Buckingham Browne & Nichols School">Buckingham Browne & Nichols School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Choir_School" title="St. Paul's Choir School">St. Paul's Choir School</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvard_University" title="Template:Harvard University">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:MIT">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley_University" title="Lesley University">Lesley University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Public_Library" title="Cambridge Public Library">Cambridge Public Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Cambridge,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Cambridge, Massachusetts">List of tallest buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Book_Store" title="Harvard Book Store">Harvard Book Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Auburn_Cemetery" title="Mount Auburn Cemetery">Mount Auburn Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MBTA_bus_routes" title="List of MBTA bus routes">Bus routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(MBTA)" title="Green Line (MBTA)">MBTA Green Line</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lechmere_station" title="Lechmere station">Lechmere</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Line_(MBTA)" title="Red Line (MBTA)">MBTA Red Line</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alewife_station" title="Alewife station">Alewife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_station_(MBTA)" title="Central station (MBTA)">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_station" title="Harvard station">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_station" title="Porter station">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall/MIT_station" title="Kendall/MIT station">Kendall/MIT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_2" title="Massachusetts Route 2">MA-2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_2A" title="Massachusetts Route 2A">MA-2A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_16" title="Massachusetts Route 16">MA-16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_28" title="Massachusetts Route 28">MA-28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_60" title="Massachusetts Route 60">MA-60</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_3_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 3 in Massachusetts">US-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colonial_colleges21" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colonial_Colleges" title="Template:Colonial Colleges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colonial_Colleges" title="Template talk:Colonial Colleges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colonial_Colleges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colonial Colleges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colonial_colleges21" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_colleges" title="Colonial colleges">Colonial colleges</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">William & Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="Template:Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="Template talk:Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston">Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babson_College" title="Babson College">Babson College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology">Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_University" title="Bentley University">Bentley University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Architectural_College" title="Boston Architectural College">Boston Architectural College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Baptist_College" title="Boston Baptist College">Boston Baptist College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Conservatory">Boston Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Graduate_School_of_Psychoanalysis" title="Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis">Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Community_College" title="Bunker Hill Community College">Bunker Hill Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_College" title="Cambridge College">Cambridge College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_College" title="Curry College">Curry College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nazarene_College" title="Eastern Nazarene College">Eastern Nazarene College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_College" title="Emerson College">Emerson College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Emmanuel College (Massachusetts)">Emmanuel College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_College" title="Fisher College">Fisher College</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_College" title="Hebrew College">Hebrew College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_College_and_Holy_Cross_Greek_Orthodox_School_of_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic College and Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology">Hellenic College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hult_International_Business_School" title="Hult International Business School">Hult International Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour%C3%A9_College" title="Labouré College">Labouré College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasell_University" title="Lasell University">Lasell University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley_University" title="Lesley University">Lesley University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longy_School_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Longy School of Music">Longy School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Community_College" title="Massachusetts Bay Community College">Massachusetts Bay Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Massachusetts College of Art and Design">Massachusetts College of Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Pharmacy_and_Health_Sciences" title="Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences">Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGH_Institute_of_Health_Professions" title="MGH Institute of Health Professions">MGH Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_College_of_Optometry" title="New England College of Optometry">New England College of Optometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory_of_Music" title="New England Conservatory of Music">New England Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="New England School of Law">New England School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_Community_College" title="North Shore Community College">North Shore Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_College" title="Quincy College">Quincy College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Community_College" title="Roxbury Community College">Roxbury Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Seminary_(Massachusetts)" title="Saint John's Seminary (Massachusetts)">St. John's Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmons_University" title="Simmons University">Simmons University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University" title="Suffolk University">Suffolk University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Boston" title="University of Massachusetts Boston">University of Massachusetts Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_College_of_Boston" title="Urban College of Boston">Urban College of Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Institute_of_Technology" title="Wentworth Institute of Technology">Wentworth Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_College" title="William James College">William James College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template talk:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities"><span style="color:white;">Association of American Universities</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university"><span style="color:white;">Public</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State</a></li> <li>California <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li>New York <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">South Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university"><span style="color:white;">Private</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">NYU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities_in_Massachusetts_(AICUM)185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #3c7a00;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AICUM" title="Template:AICUM"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AICUM" title="Template talk:AICUM"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AICUM" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AICUM"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities_in_Massachusetts_(AICUM)185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities_in_Massachusetts" title="Association of Independent Colleges and Universities in Massachusetts"><span style="color:white;">Association of Independent Colleges and Universities in Massachusetts (AICUM)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_College" title="Anna Maria College">Anna Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_University_(Worcester)" title="Assumption University (Worcester)">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babson_College" title="Babson College">Babson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Path_University" title="Bay Path University">Bay Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Cummings_Institute_of_Technology" title="Benjamin Franklin Cummings Institute of Technology">Benjamin F. Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_University" title="Bentley University">Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Architectural_College" title="Boston Architectural College">Boston Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Graduate_School_of_Psychoanalysis" title="Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis">Boston Graduate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_College" title="Cambridge College">Cambridge College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_University" title="Clark University">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">College of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_College" title="Curry College">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_College" title="Dean College">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nazarene_College" title="Eastern Nazarene College">Eastern Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elms_College" title="Elms College">Elms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_College" title="Emerson College">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Emmanuel College (Massachusetts)">Emmanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endicott_College" title="Endicott College">Endicott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_College" title="Fisher College">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Gordon College (Massachusetts)">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_College" title="Hampshire College">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour%C3%A9_College" title="Labouré College">Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasell_University" title="Lasell University">Lasell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley_University" title="Lesley University">Lesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Pharmacy_and_Health_Sciences" title="Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences">MCPHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_College" title="Merrimack College">Merrimack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGH_Institute_of_Health_Professions" title="MGH Institute of Health Professions">MGH Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat_College_of_Art" title="Montserrat College of Art">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke_College" title="Mount Holyoke College">Mount Holyoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_College_of_Optometry" title="New England College of Optometry">NECO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Conservatory">New England Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbury_College_(United_States)" title="Newbury College (United States)">Newbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichols_College" title="Nichols College">Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_College_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Olin College of Engineering">Olin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Manor_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Manor College">Pine Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_College,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Regis College, Massachusetts">Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmons_University" title="Simmons University">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_College_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield College (Massachusetts)">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehill_College" title="Stonehill College">Stonehill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University" title="Suffolk University">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas_College" title="Thomas Aquinas College">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_College_of_Boston" title="Urban College of Boston">Urban College of Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Institute_of_Technology" title="Wentworth Institute of Technology">WIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_England_University" title="Western New England University">Western New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Wheaton College (Massachusetts)">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_College" title="William James College">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Worcester Polytechnic Institute">WPI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Connectome_Consortium50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HCP_Research_Network" title="Template:HCP Research Network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HCP_Research_Network" title="Template talk:HCP Research Network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HCP_Research_Network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HCP Research Network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Connectome_Consortium50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_Connectome_Project" title="Human Connectome Project">Connectome Consortium</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">California</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">Chieti–Pescara (D'Annunzio)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Str%C3%BCngmann_Institute" title="Ernst Strüngmann Institute">Frankfurt (Ernst Strüngmann)</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen" title="Radboud University Nijmegen">Nijmegen (Radboud)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ECAC_Hockey110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#005189;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d40843, inset -2px -2px 0 #d40843;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ECAC_Hockey_League" title="Template:ECAC Hockey League"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ECAC_Hockey_League" title="Template talk:ECAC Hockey League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ECAC_Hockey_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ECAC Hockey League"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ECAC_Hockey110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey" title="ECAC Hockey"><span style="color:white">ECAC Hockey</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#005189;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d40843, inset -2px -2px 0 #d40843;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bears" title="Brown Bears">Brown Bears</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bears_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Brown Bears men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bears_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Brown Bears women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights" title="Clarkson Golden Knights">Clarkson Golden Knights</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Clarkson Golden Knights women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colgate_Raiders" title="Colgate Raiders">Colgate Raiders</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_Raiders_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Colgate Raiders men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_Raiders_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Colgate Raiders women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red" title="Cornell Big Red">Cornell Big Red</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Cornell Big Red women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Big_Green" title="Dartmouth Big Green">Dartmouth Big Green</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Big_Green_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Dartmouth Big Green men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Big_Green_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson">Harvard Crimson</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Harvard Crimson women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers" title="Princeton Tigers">Princeton Tigers</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Princeton Tigers men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Princeton Tigers women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_Bobcats" title="Quinnipiac Bobcats">Quinnipiac Bobcats</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_Bobcats_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Quinnipiac Bobcats men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_Bobcats_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Quinnipiac Bobcats women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rensselaer Engineers">Rensselaer Engineers</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPI_Engineers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="RPI Engineers men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPI_Engineers_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="RPI Engineers women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Saints" title="St. Lawrence Saints">St. Lawrence Saints</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Saints_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="St. Lawrence Saints men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Saints_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="St. Lawrence Saints women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Union_Garnet_Chargers" title="Union Garnet Chargers">Union Garnet Chargers</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Garnet_Chargers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Union Garnet Chargers men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Garnet_Chargers_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Union Garnet Chargers women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs" title="Yale Bulldogs">Yale Bulldogs</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Yale Bulldogs women's ice hockey">women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#005189;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d40843, inset -2px -2px 0 #d40843;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meehan_Auditorium" title="Meehan Auditorium">Meehan Auditorium</a> (Brown)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheel_Arena" title="Cheel Arena">Cheel Arena</a> (Clarkson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_of_1965_Arena" title="Class of 1965 Arena">Class of 1965 Arena</a> (Colgate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynah_Rink" title="Lynah Rink">Lynah Rink</a> (Cornell)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Arena" title="Thompson Arena">Thompson Arena</a> (Dartmouth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Hockey_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright Hockey Center">Bright Hockey Center</a> (Harvard)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobey_Baker_Memorial_Rink" title="Hobey Baker Memorial Rink">Hobey Baker Memorial Rink</a> (Princeton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%26T_Bank_Arena" title="M&T Bank Arena">M&T Bank Arena</a> (Quinnipiac)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Field_House" title="Houston Field House">Houston Field House</a> (Rensselaer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleton_Arena" title="Appleton Arena">Appleton Arena</a> (St. Lawrence)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_Rink" title="Achilles Rink">Achilles Rink</a> (Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingalls_Rink" title="Ingalls Rink">Ingalls Rink</a> (Yale)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Brooks_Arena" title="Herb Brooks Arena">Herb Brooks Arena</a> (Men's tournament)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#005189;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d40843, inset -2px -2px 0 #d40843;;width:1%">Men's awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_All-ECAC_Hockey_Teams" title="List of All-ECAC Hockey Teams">All-ECAC Hockey Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey_Player_of_the_Year" title="ECAC Hockey Player of the Year">Player of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey_Rookie_of_the_Year" title="ECAC Hockey Rookie of the Year">Rookie of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Taylor_Award_(ECAC_Hockey)" title="Tim Taylor Award (ECAC Hockey)">Tim Taylor Award (Coach of the Year)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey_Best_Defensive_Defenseman" title="ECAC Hockey Best Defensive Defenseman">Best Defensive Defenseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey_Best_Defensive_Forward" title="ECAC Hockey Best Defensive Forward">Best Defensive Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Dryden_Award" title="Ken Dryden Award">Ken Dryden Award (Best Goaltender)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey_Student-Athlete_of_the_Year" title="ECAC Hockey Student-Athlete of the Year">Student-Athlete of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Dean_Sportsmanship_Award" title="Wayne Dean Sportsmanship Award">Wayne Dean Sportsmanship Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey_Most_Outstanding_Player_in_Tournament" title="ECAC Hockey Most Outstanding Player in Tournament">Most Outstanding Player in Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ECAC_Hockey_All-Tournament_Teams" title="List of ECAC Hockey All-Tournament Teams">All-Tournament Team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#005189;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d40843, inset -2px -2px 0 #d40843;;width:1%">Women's awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECAC_Hockey#Women's_ECAC_championship_games" title="ECAC Hockey">Women's champions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#005189;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d40843, inset -2px -2px 0 #d40843;;width:1%">Men's seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:1961%E2%80%9362_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1961–62 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1961–62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1962%E2%80%9363_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1962–63 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1962–63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1963%E2%80%9364_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1963–64 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1963–64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1964%E2%80%9365_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1964–65 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1964–65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1965%E2%80%9366_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1965–66 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1965–66</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:1966%E2%80%9367_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1966–67 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1966–67</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1967%E2%80%9368_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1967–68 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1967–68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1968%E2%80%9369_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1968–69 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1968–69</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:1969%E2%80%9370_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1969–70 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1969–70</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:1970%E2%80%9371_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1970–71 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1970–71</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:1971%E2%80%9372_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1971–72 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1971–72</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1972%E2%80%9373_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1972–73 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1972–73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1973%E2%80%9374_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1973–74 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1973–74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1974%E2%80%9375_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1974–75 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1974–75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1975%E2%80%9376_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1975–76 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1975–76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1976%E2%80%9377_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1976–77 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1976–77</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:1977%E2%80%9378_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1977–78 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1977–78</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1978%E2%80%9379_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1978–79 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1978–79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1979%E2%80%9380_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1979–80 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1979–80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1980%E2%80%9381_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1980–81 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1980–81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1981%E2%80%9382_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1981–82 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1981–82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1982%E2%80%9383_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1982–83 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1982–83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1983%E2%80%9384_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1983–84 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1983–84</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:1984%E2%80%9385_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1984–85 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1984–85</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1985%E2%80%9386_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1985–86 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1985–86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1986%E2%80%9387_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1986–87 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1986–87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1987%E2%80%9388_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1987–88 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1987–88</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:1988%E2%80%9389_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1988–89 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1988–89</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1989%E2%80%9390_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1989–90 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1989–90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1990%E2%80%9391_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1990–91 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1990–91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1991%E2%80%9392_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1991–92 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1991–92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1992%E2%80%9393_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1992–93 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1992–93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1993%E2%80%9394_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1993–94 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1993–94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1994%E2%80%9395_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1994–95 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1994–95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1995%E2%80%9396_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1995–96 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1995–96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1996%E2%80%9397_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1996–97 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1996–97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1997%E2%80%9398_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1997–98 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1997–98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1998%E2%80%9399_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:1998–99 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1998–99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1999%E2%80%9300_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:1999–00 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">1999–00</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2000%E2%80%9301_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2000–01 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2000–01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2001%E2%80%9302_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2001–02 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2001–02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2002%E2%80%9303_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2002–03 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2002–03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2003%E2%80%9304_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2003–04 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2003–04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2004%E2%80%9305_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2004–05 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2004–05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2005%E2%80%9306_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2005–06 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2005–06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2006%E2%80%9307_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2006–07 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2006–07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2007%E2%80%9308_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2007–08 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2007–08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2008%E2%80%9309_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2008–09 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2008–09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2009%E2%80%9310_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2009–10 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2009–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2010%E2%80%9311_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2010–11 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2010–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2011%E2%80%9312_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2011–12 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2011–12</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:2012%E2%80%9313_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2012–13 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2012–13</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template:2013%E2%80%9314_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2013–14 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2013–14</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2014%E2%80%9315_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2014–15 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2014–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2015%E2%80%9316_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2015–16 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2015–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2016%E2%80%9317_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2016–17 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2016–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2017%E2%80%9318_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2017–18 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2017–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2018%E2%80%9319_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2018–19 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2018–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:2019%E2%80%9320_ECAC_Hockey_standings_(men)" title="Template:2019–20 ECAC Hockey standings (men)">2019–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_ECAC_Hockey_men%27s_ice_hockey_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–21 ECAC Hockey men's ice hockey season">2020–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_ECAC_Hockey_men%27s_ice_hockey_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–22 ECAC Hockey men's ice hockey season">2021–22</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_ECAC_Hockey_men%27s_season" title="2022–23 ECAC Hockey men's season">2022–23</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_ECAC_Hockey_men%27s_season" title="2023–24 ECAC Hockey men's season">2023–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_ECAC_Hockey_men%27s_season" title="2024–25 ECAC Hockey men's season">2024–25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Association_of_Rowing_Colleges42" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DAF0FD"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Association_of_Rowing_Colleges" title="Template:Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Association_of_Rowing_Colleges" title="Template talk:Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Columbia Lions">Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a> <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red" title="Cornell Big Red">Big Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a> <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Big_Green" title="Dartmouth Big Green">Big Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Hoyas" title="Georgetown Hoyas">Hoyas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson">Crimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">Holy Cross</a> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Crusaders" title="Holy Cross Crusaders">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology#Athletics" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen" title="Navy Midshipmen">Midshipmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies" title="Northeastern Huskies">Huskies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Penn</a> <a href="/wiki/College_Boat_Club" title="College Boat Club">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers" title="Princeton Tigers">Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers</a> <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights" title="Rutgers Scarlet Knights">Scarlet Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Orange" title="Syracuse Orange">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">Wisconsin</a> <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers" title="Wisconsin Badgers">Badgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a> <a href="/wiki/Yale_Bulldogs" title="Yale Bulldogs">Bulldogs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Intercollegiate_Volleyball_Association176" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#004D81; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F5443C, inset -2px -2px 0 #F5443C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Intercollegiate_Volleyball_Association_navbox" title="Template:Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Intercollegiate_Volleyball_Association_navbox" title="Template talk:Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Intercollegiate_Volleyball_Association_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Intercollegiate_Volleyball_Association176" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Intercollegiate_Volleyball_Association" title="Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#004D81; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F5443C, inset -2px -2px 0 #F5443C;;width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Golden_Eagles" title="Charleston Golden Eagles">Charleston Golden Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_Patriots" title="George Mason Patriots">George Mason Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men%27s_volleyball" title="Harvard Crimson men's volleyball">Harvard Crimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NJIT_Highlanders" title="NJIT Highlanders">NJIT Highlanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_men%27s_volleyball" title="Penn State Nittany Lions men's volleyball">Penn State Nittany Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers" title="Princeton Tigers">Princeton Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Pioneers" title="Sacred Heart Pioneers">Sacred Heart Pioneers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#004D81; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F5443C, inset -2px -2px 0 #F5443C;;width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_College_(New_York)" title="Concordia College (New York)">Concordia Clippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Stroudsburg_Warriors" title="East Stroudsburg Warriors">East Stroudsburg Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniata_College" title="Juniata College">Juniata Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Chargers" title="New Haven Chargers">New Haven Chargers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_New_Paltz" title="State University of New York at New Paltz">New Paltz Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NYU_Violets" title="NYU Violets">NYU Violets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Knights" title="Queens Knights">Queens Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University%E2%80%93Newark" title="Rutgers University–Newark">Rutgers–Newark Scarlet Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Brooklyn_Terriers" title="St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers">St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Red_Flash" title="Saint Francis Red Flash">Saint Francis Red Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_College_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield College (Massachusetts)">Springfield Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar Brewers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Intercollegiate_Rugby_Association220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#005A96; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Intercollegiate_Rugby_Association" title="Template:National Intercollegiate Rugby Association"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Intercollegiate_Rugby_Association" title="Template talk:National Intercollegiate Rugby Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Intercollegiate_Rugby_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Intercollegiate Rugby Association"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Intercollegiate_Rugby_Association220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Intercollegiate_Rugby_Association" title="National Intercollegiate Rugby Association"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">National Intercollegiate Rugby Association</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005A96; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;;width:1%;background:#0198D8; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;">Division 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Army West Point">Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_Rugby_Football_Club" title="Army Rugby Football Club">Black Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a> <a href="/wiki/Brown_Bears#Rugby" title="Brown Bears">Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a> <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Rugby" title="Dartmouth Rugby">Big Green</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harvard</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_women%27s_rugby" title="Harvard women's rugby">Crimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_University" title="Long Island University">Long Island</a> <a href="/wiki/LIU_Sharks" title="LIU Sharks">Sharks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Mary%27s_University" title="Mount St. Mary's University">Mount St. Mary's</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Mary%27s_Mountaineers" title="Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers">Mountaineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen" title="Navy Midshipmen">Midshipmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Rugby" title="Princeton Rugby">Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac</a> <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_Bobcats" title="Quinnipiac Bobcats">Bobcats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_University" title="Sacred Heart University">Sacred Heart</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Pioneers" title="Sacred Heart Pioneers">Pioneers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005A96; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;;width:1%;background:#0198D8; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;">Division 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_International_College" title="American International College">American International</a> <a href="/wiki/American_International_Yellow_Jackets" title="American International Yellow Jackets">Yellow Jackets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molloy_University" title="Molloy University">Molloy</a> <a href="/wiki/Molloy_University#Athletics" title="Molloy University">Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Haven" title="University of New Haven">New Haven</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Chargers" title="New Haven Chargers">Chargers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College" title="Notre Dame College">Notre Dame College</a> <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College#Athletics" title="Notre Dame College">Falcons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_University" title="Post University">Post</a> <a href="/wiki/Post_Eagles" title="Post Eagles">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_University_of_Charlotte" title="Queens University of Charlotte">Queens</a> <a href="/wiki/Queens_Royals" title="Queens Royals">Royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Chester_University" title="West Chester University">West Chester</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Chester_Golden_Rams" title="West Chester Golden Rams">Golden Rams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005A96; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;;width:1%;background:#0198D8; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;">Division 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin</a> <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College#Athletics" title="Bowdoin College">Polar Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colby%E2%80%93Sawyer_College" title="Colby–Sawyer College">Colby–Sawyer</a> <a href="/wiki/Colby%E2%80%93Sawyer_College#Athletics" title="Colby–Sawyer College">Chargers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_College" title="Guilford College">Guilford</a> <a href="/wiki/Guilford_Quakers" title="Guilford Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattanville_University" title="Manhattanville University">Manhattanville</a> <a href="/wiki/Manhattanville_University#Athletics" title="Manhattanville University">Valiants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_College" title="New England College">New England College</a> <a href="/wiki/New_England_College#Athletics" title="New England College">Pilgrims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University" title="Norwich University">Norwich</a> <a href="/wiki/Norwich_University#Athletics" title="Norwich University">Cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_England_(United_States)" title="University of New England (United States)">University of New England</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_England_(United_States)#Athletics" title="University of New England (United States)">Nor'easters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_University" title="Vermont State University">Vermont State Castleton</a> <a href="/wiki/Castleton_Spartans" title="Castleton Spartans">Spartans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#005A96; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;;width:1%;background:#0198D8; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 white, inset -1px -1px 0 white;">Future teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_College" title="Adrian College">Adrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Adrian_College#Athletics" title="Adrian College">Bulldogs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Massachusetts&#124;link=Massachusetts_Sports_teams_based_in_Massachusetts509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts_Sports" title="Template:Massachusetts Sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts_Sports" title="Template talk:Massachusetts Sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts_Sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts Sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Massachusetts&#124;link=Massachusetts_Sports_teams_based_in_Massachusetts509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts"><img alt="Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Massachusetts" title="Sports in Massachusetts">Sports teams based in Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/United_States_Australian_Football_League" title="United States Australian Football League">USAFL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Demons" title="Boston Demons">Boston Demons</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">IL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Red_Sox" title="Worcester Red Sox">Worcester Red Sox</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">FL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brockton_Rox_(Frontier_League)" title="Brockton Rox (Frontier League)">Brockton Rox</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Baseball_League" title="Cape Cod Baseball League">CCBL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bourne_Braves" title="Bourne Braves">Bourne Braves</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Whitecaps" title="Brewster Whitecaps">Brewster Whitecaps</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Anglers" title="Chatham Anglers">Chatham Anglers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cotuit_Kettleers" title="Cotuit Kettleers">Cotuit Kettleers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Falmouth_Commodores" title="Falmouth Commodores">Falmouth Commodores</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harwich_Mariners" title="Harwich Mariners">Harwich Mariners</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hyannis_Harbor_Hawks" title="Hyannis Harbor Hawks">Hyannis Harbor Hawks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orleans_Firebirds" title="Orleans Firebirds">Orleans Firebirds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wareham_Gatemen" title="Wareham Gatemen">Wareham Gatemen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yarmouth%E2%80%93Dennis_Red_Sox" title="Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox">Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Futures_Collegiate_Baseball_League" title="Futures Collegiate Baseball League">FCBL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield_Suns" title="Pittsfield Suns">Pittsfield Suns</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Starfires" title="Westfield Starfires">Westfield Starfires</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Bravehearts" title="Worcester Bravehearts">Worcester Bravehearts</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/New_England_Collegiate_Baseball_League" title="New England Collegiate Baseball League">NECBL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard_Sharks" title="Martha's Vineyard Sharks">Martha's Vineyard Sharks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/North_Adams_SteepleCats" title="North Adams SteepleCats">North Adams SteepleCats</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_Navigators" title="North Shore Navigators">North Shore Navigators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valley_Blue_Sox" title="Valley Blue Sox">Valley Blue Sox</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty_League" title="Call of Duty League">CDL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Breach" title="Boston Breach">Boston Breach</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Overwatch_League" title="Overwatch League">OWL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Uprising" title="Boston Uprising">Boston Uprising</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">Football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">IFL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Pirates" title="Massachusetts Pirates">Massachusetts Pirates</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">WFA</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Renegades_(WFA)" title="Boston Renegades (WFA)">Boston Renegades</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Hockey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">AHL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Thunderbirds" title="Springfield Thunderbirds">Springfield Thunderbirds</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Railers" title="Worcester Railers">Worcester Railers</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/North_American_Hockey_League" title="North American Hockey League">NAHL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Generals" title="Northeast Generals">Northeast Generals</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">PWHL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Fleet" title="Boston Fleet">Boston Fleet</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Lacrosse_League" title="Women's Professional Lacrosse League">WPLL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_England_Command" title="New England Command">New England Command</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/United_Women%27s_Lacrosse_League" title="United Women's Lacrosse League">UWLX</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Storm_(UWLX)" title="Boston Storm (UWLX)">Boston Storm</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Premier_Lacrosse_League" title="Premier Lacrosse League">PLL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Cannons" title="Boston Cannons">Boston Cannons</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Lacrosse_League" title="Women's Lacrosse League">WLL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boston_Guard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boston Guard (page does not exist)">Boston Guard</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Flat_Track_Derby_Association" title="Women's Flat Track Derby Association">WFTDA</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bay_State_Brawlers_Roller_Derby" title="Bay State Brawlers Roller Derby">Bay State Brawlers Roller Derby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Roller_Derby" title="Boston Roller Derby">Boston Roller Derby</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Roller_Derby_Association" title="Men's Roller Derby Association">MRDA</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley_Roller_Derby" title="Pioneer Valley Roller Derby">Pioneer Valley Roller Derby</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rugby_League" title="North American Rugby League">NARL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bears_(rugby_league)" title="Boston Bears (rugby league)">Boston Bears</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Rugby" title="Major League Rugby">MLR</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_England_Free_Jacks" title="New England Free Jacks">New England Free Jacks</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/New_England_Rugby_Football_Union" title="New England Rugby Football Union">NERFU</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_RFC_(United_States)" title="Boston RFC (United States)">Boston RFC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Ironsides_RFC" title="Boston Ironsides RFC">Boston Ironsides RFC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Irish_Wolfhounds" title="Boston Irish Wolfhounds">Boston Irish Wolfhounds</a></dd> <dd>Boston Maccabi Rugby</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Rats" title="Charles River Rats">Charles River Rats</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mystic_River_Rugby_Club" title="Mystic River Rugby Club">Mystic River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Gold_Rugby" title="Old Gold Rugby">Old Gold Rugby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/South_Shore_Anchors" title="South Shore Anchors">South Shore Anchors</a></dd> <dd>Worcester RFC</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution" title="New England Revolution">New England Revolution</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">NWSL</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/BOS_Nation_FC" title="BOS Nation FC">BOS Nation FC</a> (2026)</i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/MLS_Next_Pro" title="MLS Next Pro">MLSNP</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution_II" title="New England Revolution II">New England Revolution II</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL2</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_FC" title="Black Rock FC">Black Rock FC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bolts_(USL)" title="Boston Bolts (USL)">Boston Bolts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_City_FC" title="Boston City FC">Boston City FC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Mass_Pioneers" title="Western Mass Pioneers">Western Mass Pioneers</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/National_Premier_Soccer_League" title="National Premier Soccer League">NPSL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valeo_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeo FC">Valeo FC</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/United_Women%27s_Soccer" title="United Women's Soccer">UWS</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_England_Mutiny" title="New England Mutiny">New England Mutiny</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/American_Ultimate_Disc_League" class="mw-redirect" title="American Ultimate Disc League">AUDL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_Glory" title="Boston Glory">Boston Glory</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_college_athletic_programs_in_Massachusetts" title="List of college athletic programs in Massachusetts">College athletics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA<br />Division I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/American_International_Yellow_Jackets" title="American International Yellow Jackets">American International Yellow Jackets</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Falcons" title="Bentley Falcons">Bentley Falcons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles" title="Boston College Eagles">Boston College Eagles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers" title="Boston University Terriers">Boston University Terriers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson" title="Harvard Crimson">Harvard Crimson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Crusaders" title="Holy Cross Crusaders">Holy Cross Crusaders</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Warriors" title="Merrimack Warriors">Merrimack Warriors</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies" title="Northeastern Huskies">Northeastern Huskies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stonehill_Skyhawks" title="Stonehill Skyhawks">Stonehill Skyhawks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/UMass_Minutemen_and_Minutewomen" title="UMass Minutemen and Minutewomen">UMass Minutemen and Minutewomen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/UMass_Lowell_River_Hawks" title="UMass Lowell River Hawks">UMass Lowell River Hawks</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II" title="NCAA Division II">NCAA<br />Division II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/American_International_Yellow_Jackets" title="American International Yellow Jackets">American International Yellow Jackets</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assumption_Greyhounds" title="Assumption Greyhounds">Assumption Greyhounds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Falcons" title="Bentley Falcons">Bentley Falcons</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">NCAA<br />Division III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amherst_Mammoths" class="mw-redirect" title="Amherst Mammoths">Amherst Mammoths</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Amcats" title="Anna Maria Amcats">Anna Maria Amcats</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Babson_Beavers" class="mw-redirect" title="Babson Beavers">Babson Beavers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_Judges" title="Brandeis Judges">Brandeis Judges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_State_Bears" title="Bridgewater State Bears">Bridgewater State Bears</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clark_Cougars" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Cougars">Clark Cougars</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Curry_Colonels" class="mw-redirect" title="Curry Colonels">Curry Colonels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dean_Bulldogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean Bulldogs">Dean Bulldogs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nazarene_Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Nazarene Lions">Eastern Nazarene Lions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elms_Blazers" class="mw-redirect" title="Elms Blazers">Elms Blazers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerson Lions">Emerson Lions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel Saints">Emmanuel Saints</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Endicott_Gulls" class="mw-redirect" title="Endicott Gulls">Endicott Gulls</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fitchburg_State_Falcons" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitchburg State Falcons">Fitchburg State Falcons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Framingham_State_Rams" title="Framingham State Rams">Framingham State Rams</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Fighting_Scots" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Fighting Scots">Gordon Fighting Scots</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lasell_Lasers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasell Lasers">Lasell Lasers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lesley_Lynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesley Lynx">Lesley Lynx</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke_Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Holyoke Lyons">Mount Holyoke Lyons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MCLA_Trailblazers" class="mw-redirect" title="MCLA Trailblazers">MCLA Trailblazers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Maritime_Buccaneers" title="Massachusetts Maritime Buccaneers">Massachusetts Maritime Buccaneers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MIT_Engineers" title="MIT Engineers">MIT Engineers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nichols_Bison" 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Hill Community College">Bunker Hill Bulldogs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holyoke_Community_College#Athletics" title="Holyoke Community College">Holyoke Cougars</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Community_College#Athletics" title="Massachusetts Bay Community College">Massachusetts Bay Buccaneers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Northern_Essex_Community_College#Athletics" title="Northern Essex Community College">Northern Essex Knights</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quinsigamond_Community_College#Athletics" title="Quinsigamond Community College">Quinsigamond Chiefs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Community_College#Athletics" title="Roxbury Community College">Roxbury Tigers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Technical_Community_College#Athletics" title="Springfield Technical Community College">Springfield Technical Rams</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3680" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3680" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13371#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2012974-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Harvard University"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78096930">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118698578">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118698578">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35176433">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Harvard University"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20020322375&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Harvard College (1636-1780)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002111719&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/369574">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90513515">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000016670&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000049880&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=116123">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201906509">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810678457705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/4126">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007262471405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/10060244">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/df56ba9a-780b-4393-9d36-7bb136f6c21b">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00826033?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500312819">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/33086">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-mbco">ISIL</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-mhl">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-2">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/852812">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026453169">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6301wj2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University&oldid=1275689430">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University&oldid=1275689430</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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