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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Extract</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Экстракт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экстракт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extret" title="Extret – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Extret" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drogenauszug" title="Drogenauszug – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Drogenauszug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstrakt" title="Ekstrakt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ekstrakt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracto" title="Extracto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Extracto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="عصاره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصاره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrait" title="Extrait – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Extrait" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EC%B6%9C%EB%AC%BC" title="추출물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="추출물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstrak" title="Ekstrak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekstrak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="תמצית טעם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמצית טעם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಸಾರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Экстракт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экстракт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Экстракттар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экстракттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstraktas" title="Ekstraktas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ekstraktas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstrak" title="Ekstrak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekstrak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9" title="エキス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エキス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyci%C4%85g_(farmacja)" title="Wyciąg (farmacja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyciąg (farmacja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Экстракт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экстракт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Экстракт – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Экстракт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstrakti" title="Ekstrakti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekstrakti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strattu_(parti)" title="Strattu (parti) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Strattu (parti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrakt" title="Extrakt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Extrakt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Екстракт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екстракт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFt_xu%E1%BA%A5t" title="Chiết xuất – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiết xuất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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For the 2009 film, see <a href="/wiki/Extract_(film)" title="Extract (film)">Extract (film)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Extraction_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Extraction (disambiguation)">Extraction (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Extract" title="Special:EditPage/Extract">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Extract%22">"Extract"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Extract%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Extract%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Extract%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Extract%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Extract%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vanilla_extract.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vanilla_extract.JPG/220px-Vanilla_extract.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vanilla_extract.JPG/330px-Vanilla_extract.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vanilla_extract.JPG/440px-Vanilla_extract.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="1099" /></a><figcaption>Vanilla extract</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>extract</b> (essence) is a substance made by <a href="/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)" title="Extraction (chemistry)">extracting</a> a part of a <a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">raw material</a>, often by using a <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">oil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. Extracts may be sold as <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">tinctures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absolute_(perfumery)" title="Absolute (perfumery)">absolutes</a> or in powder form. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">aromatic principles</a> of many spices, nuts, herbs, fruits, etc., and some flowers, are marketed as extracts, among the best known of true extracts being <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">peppermint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spearmint" title="Spearmint">spearmint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violet_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet (plant)">violet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wintergreen" title="Wintergreen">wintergreen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraction_techniques">Extraction techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extract&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Extraction techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghazan._Extraction_pot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ghazan._Extraction_pot.JPG/220px-Ghazan._Extraction_pot.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ghazan._Extraction_pot.JPG/330px-Ghazan._Extraction_pot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ghazan._Extraction_pot.JPG/440px-Ghazan._Extraction_pot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Traditional extraction pot in Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>Most natural essences are obtained by extracting the <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Feedstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedstock">feedstock</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Blossom" title="Blossom">blossoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a>, or from intact plants through multiple techniques and methods: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_press_(food)" title="Ram press (food)">Expression</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juicing" title="Juicing">juicing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_press" title="Fruit press">pressing</a>) involves physical extraction material from feedstock, used when the oil is plentiful and easily obtained from materials such as <a href="/wiki/Citrus_peel" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus peel">citrus peels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">grapes</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absorption_(chemistry)" title="Absorption (chemistry)">Absorption</a> (<a href="/wiki/Steeping" title="Steeping">steeping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">decoction</a>). Extraction is done by soaking material in a <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a>, as used for <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanilla bean">vanilla beans</a> or tea leaves.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maceration (food)">Maceration</a>, as used to soften and degrade material without heat, normally using oils, such as for <a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">peppermint</a> extract and <a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">wine making</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Separation_process" title="Separation process">separation process</a>, creating a higher concentration of the extract by heating material to a specific boiling point, then collecting this and condensing the extract, leaving the unwanted material behind, as used for <a href="/wiki/Lavender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender">lavender</a> extract.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The distinctive flavors of nearly all fruits are desirable adjuncts to many food preparations, but only a few are practical sources of sufficiently concentrated flavor extract, such as from lemons, oranges, and vanilla beans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artificial_extracts">Artificial extracts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extract&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Artificial extracts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of concentrated fruit flavors, such as banana, cherry, peach, pineapple, raspberry, and strawberry, are produced by combining a variety of <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a> with special oils. Suitable coloring is generally obtained by the use of <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dyes</a>. Among the esters most generally employed are <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_butyrate" title="Ethyl butyrate">ethyl butyrate</a>. The chief factors in the production of artificial banana, pineapple, and strawberry extract are <a href="/wiki/Amyl_acetate" title="Amyl acetate">amyl acetate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amyl_butyrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyl butyrate">amyl butyrate</a>. </p><p>Artificial extracts generally do not possess the delicacy of natural fruit flavor but usually taste sufficiently similar to be useful when true essences are unobtainable or too expensive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extract&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)" title="Extraction (chemistry)">Extraction (chemistry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla_extract" title="Vanilla extract">Vanilla extract</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extract&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-zhang-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zhang_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhangLinYe2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Qing-Wen; Lin, Li-Gen; Ye, Wen-Cai (2018-04-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905184">"Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review"</a>. <i>Chinese Medicine</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13020-018-0177-x">10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8546">1749-8546</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905184">5905184</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29692864">29692864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Medicine&rft.atitle=Techniques+for+extraction+and+isolation+of+natural+products%3A+a+comprehensive+review&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20&rft.date=2018-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5905184%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1749-8546&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29692864&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13020-018-0177-x&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Qing-Wen&rft.au=Lin%2C+Li-Gen&rft.au=Ye%2C+Wen-Cai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5905184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtract" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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