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class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45577803/Responses_of_Single_Cells_in_Visual_System_to_Shifts_in_the_Wavelength_of_Light"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="108606215" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108606215/The_physiological_basis_of_heterochromatic_flicker_photometry_demonstrated_in_the_ganglion_cells_of_the_macaque_retina">The physiological basis of heterochromatic flicker photometry demonstrated in the ganglion cells of the macaque retina</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="136799028" href="https://independent.academia.edu/B0BLee">B0B Lee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Physiology, 1988</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">1. Heterochromatic flicker photometry is a way of measuring the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. Two lights of different colour are sinusoidally alternated at, typically, 10‐20 Hz, and their relative intensities adjusted by the observer until the sensation of flicker is minimized. This technique has been used to define the human photopic luminosity, or V lambda, function on which photometry is based. 2. We have studied the responses of macaque retinal ganglion cells using this stimulus paradigm. The responses of the phasic ganglion cells go through a minimum at relative radiances very similar to that predicted from the V lambda function. At this point, defined as equal luminance, an abrupt change in response phase was observed. A small residual response at twice the flicker frequency was apparent under some conditions. 3. The spectral sensitivity of parafoveal phasic cells measured in this way corresponded very closely to that of human observers minimizing flicker on the same ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The physiological basis of heterochromatic flicker photometry demonstrated in the ganglion cells of the macaque retina","attachmentId":106944179,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108606215/The_physiological_basis_of_heterochromatic_flicker_photometry_demonstrated_in_the_ganglion_cells_of_the_macaque_retina","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108606215/The_physiological_basis_of_heterochromatic_flicker_photometry_demonstrated_in_the_ganglion_cells_of_the_macaque_retina"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="4491822" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4491822/The_temporal_properties_of_the_human_short_wavelength_photoreceptors_and_their_associated_pathways">The temporal properties of the human short-wavelength photoreceptors and their associated pathways</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5563438" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/AndrewStockman">Andrew Stockman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1991</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The temporal properties of the human short-wavelength photoreceptors and their associated pathways","attachmentId":31891718,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4491822/The_temporal_properties_of_the_human_short_wavelength_photoreceptors_and_their_associated_pathways","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4491822/The_temporal_properties_of_the_human_short_wavelength_photoreceptors_and_their_associated_pathways"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="47889072" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47889072/Light_adaptation_in_the_primate_retina_Analysis_of_changes_in_gain_and_dynamics_of_monkey_retinal_ganglion_cells">Light adaptation in the primate retina: Analysis of changes in gain and dynamics of monkey retinal ganglion cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38191640" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertShapley">Robert Shapley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Visual Neuroscience, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The responses of monkey retinal ganglion cells to sinusoidal stimuli of various temporal frequencies were measured and analyzed at a number of mean light levels. Temporal modulation tuning functions (TMTFs) were measured at each mean level by varying the drift rate of a sine-wave grating of fixed spatial frequency and contrast. The changes seen in ganglion cell temporal responses with changes in adaptation state were similar to those observed in human subjects and in turtle horizontal cells and cones tested with sinusoidally flickering stimuli; “Weber&#39;s Law” behavior was seen at low temporal frequencies but not at higher temporal frequencies. Temporal responses were analyzed in two ways: (1) at each light level, the TMTFs were fit by a model consisting of a cascade of low- and high-pass filters; (2) the family of TMTFs collected over a range of light levels for a given cell was fit by a linear negative feedback model in which the gain of the feedback was proportional to the mean...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Light adaptation in the primate retina: Analysis of changes in gain and dynamics of monkey retinal ganglion cells","attachmentId":66783120,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47889072/Light_adaptation_in_the_primate_retina_Analysis_of_changes_in_gain_and_dynamics_of_monkey_retinal_ganglion_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47889072/Light_adaptation_in_the_primate_retina_Analysis_of_changes_in_gain_and_dynamics_of_monkey_retinal_ganglion_cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":86000293,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":86000293,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_86000293" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="123918532" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123918532/Delayed_cone_opponent_signals_in_the_luminance_pathway">Delayed cone-opponent signals in the luminance pathway</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5563438" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/AndrewStockman">Andrew Stockman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Vision, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Delayed cone-opponent signals in the luminance 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href="https://www.academia.edu/16706815/Mixing_of_Chromatic_and_Luminance_Retinal_Signals_in_Primate_Area_V1">Mixing of Chromatic and Luminance Retinal Signals in Primate Area V1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36097984" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HarveySwadlow">Harvey Swadlow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cerebral Cortex, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mixing of Chromatic and Luminance Retinal Signals in Primate Area V1","attachmentId":39131249,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16706815/Mixing_of_Chromatic_and_Luminance_Retinal_Signals_in_Primate_Area_V1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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excitation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54726732" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoelPokorny">Joel Pokorny</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Visual Neuroscience, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Spatial and temporal chromatic contrast: Effects on chromatic discrimination for stimuli varying in L- and M-cone excitation","attachmentId":68624642,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50754931/Spatial_and_temporal_chromatic_contrast_Effects_on_chromatic_discrimination_for_stimuli_varying_in_L_and_M_cone_excitation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17182779" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VictoriaSmith15">Victoria Smith</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to","attachmentId":48090851,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8452123/Melanopsin_expressing_ganglion_cells_in_primate_retina_signal_colour_and_irradiance_and_project_to","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/BradFortune">Brad Fortune</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Origin of Electroretinogram Amplitude Growth During Light Adaptation in Rat","attachmentId":119170994,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125059187/Origin_of_Electroretinogram_Amplitude_Growth_During_Light_Adaptation_in_Rat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Vision, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human cone light adaptation: From behavioral measurements to molecular mechanisms","attachmentId":49416944,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5175703/Human_cone_light_adaptation_From_behavioral_measurements_to_molecular_mechanisms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5175703/Human_cone_light_adaptation_From_behavioral_measurements_to_molecular_mechanisms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="4452507" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4452507/Analysis_of_visual_modulation_sensitivity_II_Peripheral_retina_and_the_role_of_photoreceptor_dimensions">Analysis of visual modulation sensitivity. II. Peripheral retina and the role of photoreceptor dimensions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5483902" href="https://ski.academia.edu/ChristopherTyler">Christopher Tyler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision, 1985</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of visual modulation sensitivity. II. 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