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rel="" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FTrademarks" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style</a></bdi></div></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Style guide relating to trademarks</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Wikimedia Foundation's policy on its own trademarks, see <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trademark_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Trademark policy">wmf:Trademark policy</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:BRANDING" redirects here. For the essay, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_branding" title="Wikipedia:Avoid branding">Wikipedia:Avoid branding</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Trademarks">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:MOSTM"></span><span id="MOS:TM"></span><span id="MOS:BRAND"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MOSTM&redirect=no">WP:MOSTM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TM&redirect=no">MOS:TM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BRAND&redirect=no">MOS:BRAND</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> Follow standard English <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">text formatting</a> and capitalization rules, regardless of the preference of trademark owners.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">Trademarks</a></b> include words and short phrases used by legal entities to identify themselves and their products and services. Often, these names are written in several ways with variations in capitalization, punctuation, and formatting. The advice in this page <em>also</em> applies to names and phrases used to identify movements, groups, forums, projects, events, and other non-commercial entities and their output.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This guideline (in its entirety) applies to all trademarks, <a href="/wiki/Service_mark" title="Service mark">service marks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">wordmarks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade names">trade names</a>, and all other names of businesses and similar entities, and products and services thereof. </p><p>When deciding how to format a trademark, editors should examine styles already in use by <em><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent</a></em> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. From among those, choose the style that most closely resembles standard English – regardless of the preference of the trademark owner. Exceptions may apply, but Wikipedia relies on sources to determine when an unusual name format has become conventional for a particular trademark; only names that are <em>consistently styled a particular way by a substantial majority of independent, reliable sources</em> are styled that way in Wikipedia. Do not invent new styles that are not used by independent reliable sources. </p><p>These practices help ensure consistency in language and avoid drawing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue</a> attention to some subjects rather than others. Listed below are more specific recommendations for frequently occurring nonstandard formats. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#General_rules"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">General rules</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Mergers,_partnerships,_and_other_combined_names"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mergers, partnerships, and other combined names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Trademarks_that_begin_with_a_lowercase_letter"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Trademarks that begin with a lowercase letter</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Indicating_stylizations"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Indicating stylizations</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Trademarks_as_article_titles"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Trademarks as article titles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Use_of_graphic_logos"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Use of graphic logos</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Multiple,_changed,_and_former_names"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Multiple, changed, and former names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="General_rules" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_rules"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_rules"></span>General rules<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_rules"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General rules" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:CAMELCASE" redirects here. For information regarding use of CamelCase on older versions of Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CamelCase_and_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:CamelCase and Wikipedia">Wikipedia:CamelCase and Wikipedia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:TMRULES"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TMRULES&redirect=no">MOS:TMRULES</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>Capitalize trademarks, like <a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">proper names</a>. For details, follow the same style as for titles of published works <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">WP:Manual of Style/Capital letters § Titles of works</a>).</span> <ul><li><i>use:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pyrex" title="Pyrex"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Pyrex</span></a></li> <li><i>avoid:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">pyrex</span></li></ul></li> <li>Don't expect readers to know, based on trademarks or brand names, what item is being discussed. For example: <ul><li><i>use:</i> <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Police in Miami confiscated 25 stolen <a href="/wiki/Rolex" title="Rolex">Rolex</a> watches.</span></li> <li><i>avoid:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Police in Miami confiscated 25 stolen Rolexes.</span></li> <li><i>however:</i> <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Police in Miami confiscated 25 stolen <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watches</a>.</span> (This capitalization is appropriate because the product type is <em>included</em> in the formal name of the product.)</li></ul></li> <li>Follow standard English <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">text formatting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">capitalization</a> practices, even if the trademark owner considers nonstandard formatting "official", as long as this is a style already in widespread use, rather than inventing a new one: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(But see exception below under <a href="#Trademarks_that_begin_with_a_lowercase_letter">§ Trademarks that begin with a lowercase letter</a>.)</span> <ul><li><i>use:</i> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Time</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Kiss</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Asus</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Mobile" title="Sony Mobile"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Sony Mobile</span></a>. (Capitalize <a href="/wiki/GEICO" title="GEICO"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">GEICO</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">IBM</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations#Acronyms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">as acronyms/initialisms</a>.)</li> <li><i>avoid:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>TIME</i></span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">KISS</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">ASUS</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">SONY Mobile</span></li></ul></li> <li>Using all-caps is preferred if the letters are pronounced individually, even if they don't (or no longer) stand for anything. For instance, use <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">SAT</span> for the testing system (formerly the Scholastic Assessment Test) and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">KFC</span> for the fast-food restaurant (formerly Kentucky Fried Chicken). Using all-lowercase letters may likewise be acceptable if it is done universally by sources, such as with the webcomic <i><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">xkcd</span></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#Acronyms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">WP:Manual of Style/Capital letters § Acronyms</a>.)</span></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="®"></span>Do not use the <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">™</span> and <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">®</span> symbols, or similar, in either article text or citations, unless unavoidably necessary for context. <ul><li><i>use:</i> <a href="/wiki/LittleBigPlanet" title="LittleBigPlanet"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>LittleBigPlanet</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Realtor" class="mw-redirect" title="Realtor"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Realtor</span></a></li> <li><i>avoid:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>LittleBigPlanet™</i></span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">REALTOR®</span></li></ul></li> <li>Avoid using special characters that are not pronounced, are included purely for decoration, or simply substitute for English words or letters (e.g., <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">♥</span> for "love", <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">!</span> for <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">i</span>) or for normal punctuation, unless a significant majority of reliable sources that are independent of the subject consistently include the special character in the subject's name. Similarly, avoid special stylization, such as superscripting or boldface, in an attempt to emulate a trademark. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Special_characters" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">WP:Article titles § Special characters</a>.)</span> <ul><li><i>use:</i> <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s" title="Macy's"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Macy's</span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skate_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skate (magazine) (page does not exist)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Skate</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Tail_(wine)" title="Yellow Tail (wine)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Yellow Tail</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Seven_(1995_film)" title="Seven (1995 film)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Seven</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Alien_3" title="Alien 3"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Alien 3</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Toys_%22R%22_Us" title='Toys "R" Us'><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Toys "R" Us</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>avoid:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">macy<sup>★</sup>s</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>skate.</i></span>, <span class="nowrap"><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[ yellow tail ]</span></span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>Se7en</i></span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>Alien<sup>3</sup></i></span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Toys Я Us</span></li> <li>When a name is almost never written except in a particular stylized form, use that form on Wikipedia: <a href="/wiki/Deadmau5" title="Deadmau5"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Deadmau5</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">3M</span></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/2_Fast_2_Furious" title="2 Fast 2 Furious"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">2 Fast 2 Furious</span></a></i>; but <a href="/wiki/Kesha" title="Kesha"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Kesha</span></a> not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Ke$ha</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="CAMELCASE"></span><span class="anchor" id="CAMEL"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CAMELCASE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAMELCASE&redirect=no">MOS:CAMELCASE</a></span></li></ul></div></div>Trademarks in "<a href="/wiki/CamelCase" class="mw-redirect" title="CamelCase">CamelCase</a>" are a judgment call; the style may be used where it reflects general usage and makes the trademark more readable; however, usage should be consistent throughout the article. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone"><span class="example example-neutral" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;">OxyContin</span></a> or <span class="example example-neutral" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;">Oxycontin</span> – <i>editor's choice</i></li> <li><i>however:</i> <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">PlayStation</span></a> only (camelcase preferred because <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Playstation</span> is not widely used.)</li> <li>Initial lowercase in certain trademarks almost never written any other way, such as <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">iPhone</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">eBay</span></a>, are <a href="#Trademarks_that_begin_with_a_lowercase_letter">accepted on Wikipedia</a>, though for page naming there are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name#Technical_restrictions_and_limitations" title="Wikipedia:Page name">technical limitations</a> and methods of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name#Changing_the_displayed_title" title="Wikipedia:Page name">displaying the title appropriately</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Do not "correct" the spelling, punctuation, diacritics, or grammar of trademarks to be different from the reliably sourced spelling – the name should be <em>recognizable</em> as referring to the topic. <ul><li><i>correct:</i> <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Craigslist</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Uber</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Players_Association" title="National Basketball Players Association"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">National Basketball Players Association</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Tumblr</span></a></li> <li><i>wrong:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Craig's List</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Über</span> or <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Ueber</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">National Basketball Players' Association</span>, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Tumbler</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="THETM"></span><span class="anchor" id="TMTHE"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:THETM"></span><span id="MOS:TMTHE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:THETM&redirect=no">MOS:THETM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TMTHE&redirect=no">MOS:TMTHE</a></span></li></ul></div></div>Do not capitalize the word <i>the</i> in a trademark <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#Institutions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">WP:Manual of Style/Capital letters § Institutions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#Capitalization_of_The" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">§ Capitalization of The</a>)</span> regardless how the name is styled in logos and the like, except at the beginning of a sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-Sentence_case_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sentence_case-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Titles of published works <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles#Indefinite_and_definite_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles"><em>do</em> have an initial <i>The</i> capitalized</a>; bands and the like <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music#Names_(definite_article)" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">do not</a>. Rarely, an exception may apply, but only when consistently treated this way in most reliable sources (e.g. <a href="/wiki/The_The" title="The The"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The The</span></a>); when expanding an acronym that starts with <i>T</i> for <i>The</i> (as in <a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The International Cat Association</span></a><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"> (TICA)</span>); and when the name of a publisher begins with the name of a publication with an initial <i>The</i> (thus <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The New York Times Company</span></a>, per <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The New York Times</span></a></i>).</li> <li>For names of individuals that might be stylized in an unusual way, the application is the same: default to normal English style unless an overwhelming majority of reliable sources use a specific variant style for that person. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Unusual_exceptions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">WP:Manual of Style/Biography § Unusual exceptions</a>.)</span></li> <li>The title of a published work may have additional considerations, including particular uses of italics or quotation marks (which may affect link formatting and display control of the page title), capitalization norms that vary by language, etc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">WP:Manual of Style/Titles of works</a>.)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mergers,_partnerships,_and_other_combined_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Mergers,_partnerships,_and_other_combined_names-General_rules"><span id="Mergers.2C_partnerships.2C_and_other_combined_names"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Mergers,_partnerships,_and_other_combined_names-General_rules"></span>Mergers, partnerships, and other combined names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Mergers,_partnerships,_and_other_combined_names-General_rules"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mergers, partnerships, and other combined names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The names of merged companies, partnerships, consolidated divisions, and merged product lines vary by organization, and there are <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_largest_law_firms_by_revenue&oldid=676865589">many styles</a></span>. Beware assumptions about how such names are constructed and what they mean; a complex real example is <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley_Dean_Witter_Discover_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Discover & Co."><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Discover & Co.</span></a>, which resulted from a merger of two corporations, while its name, built from parts of those of previous entities that were themselves the results of mergers, consists of two last names, a first and last name, a company name, and an abbreviation. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a> (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">&</span>) is frequently used in trademarks (e.g. <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">AT&T</span></a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus sign</a> (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">+</span>) occasionally (as in <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Springer Science+Business Media</span></a>), as substitutes for the word "and". A long-standing trend has been to drop the word entirely (along with commas sometimes) in long, multi-party business names, especially after mergers or the addition of a partner (for example, <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_(publisher)" title="Harcourt (publisher)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Harcourt, Brace & Company</span></a> became <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Harcourt Brace Jovanovich</span>, later part of <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</span></a>). </p><p>More recently, some have even taken to removing spaces and using camelcase (e.g. <a href="/wiki/DaimlerChrysler" class="mw-redirect" title="DaimlerChrysler"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">DaimlerChrysler</span></a>), sometimes unpredictably (as in <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">JPMorgan Chase</span></a>). </p> <ul><li>Leave compressed names as-is: Do not add "and", a symbol for it, commas, or spaces to such names (e.g. "<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Houghton, Mifflin & Harcourt</span>") where independent, reliable sources do not consistently use them, and do not remove them (e.g. "<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">HoughtonMifflinHarcourt</span>") if they are consistently used.</li> <li>The compressed form is not always the one to use: As with the other considerations above, if reliable sources overwhelmingly favor a particular spelling and punctuation, use it in Wikipedia, but do not simply attempt to mimic graphical marketing materials: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_and_Western_Industries" title="Gulf and Western Industries"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Gulf and Western Industries</span></a> is the proper corporation name (Gulf and Western for short), not the <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Gulf+Western</span> of their logo; while more concise, it is less recognizable and less common.</li></ul> <p>If in doubt about a modern company, their website's small print, contact page, or legal disclaimers (privacy policy, etc.) may provide the official company name, and online searches of corporation registrations and of trademarks can also be used for this purpose. (Note, however, that Wikipedia article titles are usually given <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Use_commonly_recognizable_names" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">the most common name</a> in reliable sources, which <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Official_names" title="Wikipedia:Official names">might not be the official name</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trademarks_that_begin_with_a_lowercase_letter" data-mw-thread-id="h-Trademarks_that_begin_with_a_lowercase_letter-General_rules"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Trademarks_that_begin_with_a_lowercase_letter-General_rules"></span>Trademarks that begin with a lowercase letter<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Trademarks_that_begin_with_a_lowercase_letter-General_rules"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trademarks that begin with a lowercase letter" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:TMLOWER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TMLOWER&redirect=no">MOS:TMLOWER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">WP:Manual of Style/Capital letters</a></div> <p>Trademarks that officially begin with a lowercase letter raise several problems because they break the normal capitalization rules of English that proper names are written with initial capital letters wherever they occur in a sentence. </p> <ul><li>Trademarks promoted without any capitals are capitalized on Wikipedia like any other: <ul><li><i>use:</i> <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">I found a <i><a href="/wiki/Thirtysomething_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirtysomething (TV series)">Thirtysomething</a></i> DVD and a pair of <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> shoes while browsing <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a>.</span></li> <li><i>avoid:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">I found a <i>thirtysomething</i> DVD and a pair of adidas shoes while browsing craigslist.</span></li></ul></li> <li>Trademarks that begin with a one-letter lowercase prefix pronounced as a separate letter are often not capitalized if the second letter is capitalized, but should otherwise follow normal capitalization rules: <ul><li><i>use:</i> <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">He said that <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> is where he bought his <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a>.</span></li> <li><i>avoid:</i> <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">He said that EBay is where he bought his IPod.</span></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Not all trademarks with a pronunciation that might imply a lowercase letter at the beginning actually do fit this pattern, and should not be re-styled to conform to it (use <a href="/wiki/NEdit" title="NEdit"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">NEdit</span></a> not "<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">nEdit</span>", <a href="/wiki/E-Trade" title="E-Trade"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">E-Trade</span></a> not "<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">eTrade</span>"; <a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Xbox</span></a>, not "<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">xBox</span>"). </p><p>In some cases, a lowercase prefix longer than one letter is used (e.g. <a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tvOS</span></a>). These are determined on a case-by-case basis; Wikipedia will use such a stylization when it is preferred in an overwhelming majority of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INDY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INDY">independent</a> reliable sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indicating_stylizations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Indicating_stylizations-General_rules"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Indicating_stylizations-General_rules"></span>Indicating stylizations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Indicating_stylizations-General_rules"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Indicating stylizations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:TMSTYLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TMSTYLE&redirect=no">MOS:TMSTYLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>In the article about a trademark, give the version that follows the usual rules of spelling and punctuation, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#First_sentence" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">boldfaced in the lead sentence</a>. Follow this with a note, such as "(stylized as ...)" or "(stylised as ...)", depending on the article's <a href="/wiki/MOS:ENGVAR" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ENGVAR">variety of English</a>, with the stylization if one exists and is significantly different. It <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Bolding_of_title_and_alternative_names" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">should also be in bold</a>, and may include simple styling, like capitalization changes, decorative characters, or superscripting (but not colorization, attempts to emulate font choices, or other elaborate effects).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then resume using the normal English spelling for the remainder of the article. In other articles that mention the subject, use only the normal English spelling, not the stylization. </p><p>However, if the title of the article is the stylized version of the name (e.g. <a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">tvOS</span></a>), it should be given in the boldfaced title recapitulation at the beginning of the lead (i.e., not in a "stylized as" note), and used throughout the text (and, in most cases, in other articles that mention it). The lead may also have a note (e.g., "sometimes also written ...") indicating the unstylized version if it is also commonly attested in reliable sources, especially if any confusion could result from its absence. </p><p>When a stylization appears only in a logo rather than within text (in either primary or independent reliable sources), it generally does not need to be mentioned at the top of the article. For example, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> uses a lower case "f" in its logo, while within text it solely uses "Facebook" to refer to itself. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> uses "W<span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">IKIPEDI</span></span>A" in the logo but elsewhere uses "Wikipedia" (although the relevant information is still discussed at the article <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_logo" title="Wikipedia logo">Wikipedia logo</a>). <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a>, on the other hand, uses "adidas" rather than "Adidas" in running text in the company's own materials, and the stylism is therefore mentioned. </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">For additional lead-section considerations, see <a href="#Multiple,_changed,_and_former_names">§ Multiple, changed, and former names</a>.</span> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Trademarks_as_article_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Trademarks_as_article_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Trademarks_as_article_titles"></span>Trademarks as article titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Trademarks_as_article_titles"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trademarks as article titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Wikipedia:Disambiguation</a></div> <p>Wikipedia articles are organized around a specific subject, which isn't always the same as an article about a name or phrase. Where a trademark could refer to different subjects or entities, it is best to create different articles. Consider the examples of <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> transferring its trademark to <a href="/wiki/Atari_SA" title="Atari SA">Atari SA</a>, or <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation" title="News Corporation">News Corporation</a> splitting into a new corporation called <a href="/wiki/News_Corp" title="News Corp">News Corp</a>. Wikipedia's guidelines on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">disambiguation</a> are most helpful here. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Use_of_graphic_logos" data-mw-thread-id="h-Use_of_graphic_logos"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Use_of_graphic_logos"></span>Use of graphic logos<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Use_of_graphic_logos"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Use of graphic logos" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Wikipedia:Non-free content</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Logos" title="Wikipedia:Logos">Wikipedia:Logos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons</a></div> <p>Product logos and corporate logos, such as the stylized rendition of the word <i>Dell</i> used by <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Inc.">Dell Inc.</a>, whether copyrighted or not, may be used once in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:INFOBOX" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:INFOBOX">infobox</a> or top (usually right) corner of articles about the related product, service, company, or entity. </p><p>Although many companies claim copyright over their logos, the use of the logo in an encyclopedia article may be considered <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a>. Please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Untagged_images" title="Wikipedia:Untagged images">tag</a> logo images with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-free_logo" title="Template:Non-free logo">non-free logo</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. Some logos are <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> because they are in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> or are under a free license: for example, logos consisting of short text may <a href="/wiki/Threshold_of_originality" title="Threshold of originality">not be eligible</a> for copyright protection, and old logos that were published without a copyright notice have likely fallen into the public domain. When this is definitely the case, the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Trademark" title="Template:Trademark">trademark</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> tag may be used instead. However, when in doubt, err on the side of caution per non-free content policy by assuming that the logo is copyrighted. </p><p>Note that non-free logos should only be used in the infoboxes of the primary article(s) to which they are affiliated; i.e. a company logo may be used in the article about that company, but not in a separate article about one of the company's products. </p><p>Distinguish clearly between the trademark and the company name when, as with Dell, it is customary to do so. Company names should normally be given in the most common form in English; only specify <i>International Business Machines Corporation</i> to state that that <i>is</i> the legal name, otherwise call it <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, as our sources do. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Multiple,_changed,_and_former_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Multiple,_changed,_and_former_names"><span id="Multiple.2C_changed.2C_and_former_names"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Multiple,_changed,_and_former_names"></span>Multiple, changed, and former names<span class="anchor" id="Lead_section"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Multiple,_changed,_and_former_names"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Multiple, changed, and former names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:FIRSTCORP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:FIRSTCORP&redirect=no">MOS:FIRSTCORP</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(companies)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (companies)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (companies)</a></div> <p>Regardless of the page title, the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#First_sentence" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead sentence</a> of an article on a company or other organization should normally begin with its full legal name (the current one or, if defunct, the final one): </p> <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><b>Generic Publishing Corporation Ltd.</b> is one of the largest publishers of widget books worldwide and is based in ....</span></li></ul> <p>Where the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Use_commonly_recognizable_names" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">most common name</a> in independent, reliable, secondary sources (as reflected in the article title) is substantively different from the legal name, it is normal to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Bolding_of_title_and_alternative_names" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">mention both in the lead</a>. If a stylized version of the name is also appropriate to include, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">see <a href="#Indicating_stylizations">§ Indicating stylizations</a></span>. Following an official name change, Wikipedia does not automatically switch to the new one, but follows the most common usage in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Name_changes" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">independent reliable sources written <em>after</em> the change</a>. </p><p>Previous names are often better placed in the article body (e.g. under a "History" section) than in the lead, especially if there are several of them. </p><p>Aside from in the lead sentence in its own article, use the most common name found in the sources, whenever practical, when referring to an organization or other trademark name in article text. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whether a particular name is and remains legally trademarked is not relevant, and is something that would vary on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, even for the same name. Trying to determine whether something is actually trademarked would often involve a lot of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a> using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary-source</a> materials like governmental trademark-registration databases. This is neither necessary nor desirable, as this guideline is about presentation of names used for marketing/branding and similar purposes, not about legal categorizations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Toys "R" Us</i> has quotation marks around the <i>R</i> because it is treated this way consistently in reliable sources (probably because the company does this itself in running text, despite that punctuation not being in their graphical logo). This example should <em>not</em> be taken as an instruction to add quotation marks to symbol-for-word substitutions in other proper names, e.g. the film title <i><a href="/wiki/2_Fast_2_Furious" title="2 Fast 2 Furious">2 Fast 2 Furious</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sentence_case-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sentence_case_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wikipedia uses <a href="/wiki/Sentence_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentence case">sentence case</a> for sentences, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">article titles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">section titles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">table headers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">image captions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">list entries</a> (in most cases), and entries in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Infobox" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Infobox">infoboxes</a> and similar templates, among other things. Any instructions in MoS about the start of a sentence apply to items using sentence case.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An exception to the "elaborate effects" rule is made at the articles on the <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> text formatting systems, because the more detailed stylizations represent the actual treatment in reliable sources, and also serve to illustrate what these electronic typesetting systems do.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div 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