International | The New York Review of Books

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o):document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("action",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook("action",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook("filter",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+"_"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),"filter"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}}); /* ]]> */ </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"/> <meta name="application-name" content="The New York Review of Books"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#990101"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/img/mstile-144x144.png"/>  <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <script type="text/javascript">var _conv_page_type='category-lander';var _conv_product_name='International';</script> <script src="https://cdn-4.convertexperiments.com/v1/js/100412152-100412539.js" type="text/javascript"></script>   <title>International | The New York Review of Books</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="International" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The New York Review of Books" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/nybooks" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-04-18T17:46:37+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/NYR-Logo-Social-1600px.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@nybooks" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/","url":"https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/","name":"International | The New York Review of Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-05-15T19:16:43+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-18T17:46:37+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.nybooks.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Category Landers","item":"https://www.nybooks.com/category-lander/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Politics","item":"https://www.nybooks.com/politics/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"International"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/#website","url":"https://www.nybooks.com/","name":"The New York Review of Books","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.nybooks.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/#organization","name":"The New York Review of Books","url":"https://www.nybooks.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/nybooks-t.png","contentUrl":"https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/nybooks-t.png","width":1200,"height":1200,"caption":"The New York Review of Books"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nybooks.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/nybooks","https://x.com/nybooks","https://www.instagram.com/nybooks/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-new-york-review-of-books","https://www.pinterest.com/nybooks/","https://www.youtube.com/nybooks/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0' href='https://www.nybooks.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?m=1732206022g' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10' href='https://www.nybooks.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpobGxkZmBkYGQMARIMu1Q==' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='elasticpress-facet-style-inline-css'> .widget_ep-facet input[type=search],.wp-block-elasticpress-facet input[type=search]{margin-bottom:1rem}.widget_ep-facet .searchable .inner,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .searchable .inner{max-height:20em;overflow:scroll}.widget_ep-facet .term.hide,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .term.hide{display:none}.widget_ep-facet .empty-term,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .empty-term{opacity:.5;position:relative}.widget_ep-facet .empty-term:after,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .empty-term:after{bottom:0;content:" ";display:block;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:2}.widget_ep-facet .level-1,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-1{padding-left:20px}.widget_ep-facet .level-2,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-2{padding-left:40px}.widget_ep-facet .level-3,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-3{padding-left:60px}.widget_ep-facet .level-4,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-4{padding-left:5pc}.widget_ep-facet .level-5,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-5{padding-left:75pt}.widget_ep-facet input[disabled],.wp-block-elasticpress-facet input[disabled]{cursor:pointer;opacity:1}.widget_ep-facet .term a,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .term a{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative}.widget_ep-facet .term a:hover .ep-checkbox,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .term a:hover .ep-checkbox{background-color:#ccc}.ep-checkbox{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-ms-flex-negative:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;align-items:center;background-color:#eee;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;height:1em;justify-content:center;margin-right:.25em;width:1em}.ep-checkbox:after{border:solid #fff;border-width:0 .125em .125em 0;content:"";display:none;height:.5em;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);width:.25em}.ep-checkbox.checked{background-color:#5e5e5e}.ep-checkbox.checked:after{display:block} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14' href='https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/search/elasticpress/dist/css/related-posts-block-styles.min.css?m=1730999764g' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='screen, print-css-14' href='https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/themes/nyrb_2020/assets/css/nyrb.css?m=1731448588g' type='text/css' media='screen, print' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nybooks.com/_static/??-eJyNjcEKwyAQRH+oZlMD6an0W8QssnbdWF0J/n0t9NBTCQwMA29m4MiGxHPbsEIcejUs/WtTIplivcA/yCQKxSn+wn4XRVHI3AJJBUb37Ca7fjhmUzBQ1dGhXUbYqKDXz+4JbDw80v16W6yd19ku8Q3XSEgq" ></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.nybooks.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.nybooks.com/?p=56348' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fpolitics%2Finternational%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fpolitics%2Finternational%2F&format=xml" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> *:focus-visible {outline: 2px solid black !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;} .sr-only { position: absolute; left: -10000px; } .skip-link { left: -10000px; padding: 12px; background-color: white; color: black; border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 5px; position: absolute; top: 0px; z-index: 9999999999; } .skip-link:focus-visible{left: 0px;} </style> <script type="text/javascript"> dataLayer = [{ 'pageURL': '/politics/international/', 'pageTitle': 'International', 'categoryValue': ["Politics","International"] }]; </script> <script id="Cookiebot" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="f1e02e50-8206-49bc-abdc-c0457eeb876b" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn-4.convertexperiments.com/js/10042447-10043211.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.bugherd.com/sidebarv2.js?apikey=4bdbkkrope9hewynvggzaw" async="true"></script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KKCB24X');</script>  </head> <body class="category-lander-template-default single single-category-lander postid-56348 context_nyrb " data-site-url="https://www.nybooks.com" data-ajax-url="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" data-email-share-nonce="a8c87c1b09" data-logged-in="false">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KKCB24X" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="fb-connect"></div> <div class="top-ad-wrapper"> <div id="category-lander-top-ad" class="ad-spacing d-flex flex-column"> <p class="text-label-sm mb-xs-2 mt-xs-2 color-gray text-center">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1600879363067-0" class="mx-auto mb-xs-6"></div> </div> </div> <header class="site-header w-100 bg-ny-red" id="side-header-full"> <div class="position-relative header-inner"> <div class="desktop-menu d-none d-lg-block"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 d-flex align-items-center pt-xs-4 menu-top-nav"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center position-absolute"> <div class="desktop-hamburger hover-cursor mr-xs-4 fill-yellow"> <svg preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" viewBox="0 0 35 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12.0005 1H0.000488281V4H12.0005V1Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M13 9H0V12H13V9Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M18 17H0V20H18V17Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M32.7666 20.0001C32.2909 20.0001 31.8152 19.8178 31.4514 19.4533L28.3802 16.376C27.6526 15.647 27.6526 14.4694 28.3802 13.7474C29.1077 13.0254 30.2831 13.0184 31.0036 13.7474L34.0749 16.8247C34.8024 17.5537 34.8024 18.7313 34.0749 19.4533C33.7181 19.8178 33.2423 20.0001 32.7666 20.0001Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M29.6955 15.8155C29.4996 15.8155 29.3108 15.7384 29.1638 15.5912L24.8893 11.3083C24.5955 11.0138 24.5955 10.5372 24.8893 10.2428C25.1831 9.94837 25.6589 9.94837 25.9527 10.2428L30.2272 14.5257C30.5211 14.8201 30.5211 15.2968 30.2272 15.5912C30.0803 15.7454 29.8844 15.8155 29.6955 15.8155Z" fill="#990101"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M29 7C29 10.866 25.866 14 22 14C18.134 14 15 10.866 15 7C15 3.13401 18.134 0 22 0C25.866 0 29 3.13401 29 7ZM22.0073 11.0949C24.2649 11.0949 26.0949 9.2648 26.0949 7.00727C26.0949 4.74975 24.2649 2.91967 22.0073 2.91967C19.7498 2.91967 17.9197 4.74975 17.9197 7.00727C17.9197 9.2648 19.7498 11.0949 22.0073 11.0949Z" fill="#990101"/> </svg> </div> <div class="desktop-menu-close hover-cursor align-self-start"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.85752 12.21L2.29256 19.7172L0 17.4422L7.56496 9.93495L0.131114 2.55785L2.42368 0.282783L9.85752 7.65988L17.5763 0L19.8689 2.27506L12.1501 9.93495L20 17.7249L17.7074 20L9.85752 12.21Z" fill="#990101"/> </svg> </div> <div class="cat-nav-left"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/" class="pl-xs-2 pr-xs-2 font-giza color-yellow d-inline-block text-small hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Politics</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/" class="pl-xs-2 pr-xs-2 font-giza color-yellow d-inline-block text-small hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Literature</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/" class="pl-xs-2 pr-xs-2 font-giza color-yellow d-inline-block text-small hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Arts</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/" class="pl-xs-2 pr-xs-2 font-giza color-yellow d-inline-block text-small hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Ideas</span> </a> </div> </div> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com" class="text-center header-logo-short mb-0 mx-auto w-100 fill-yellow"> <span class="sr-only">short logo</span> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 1210.96 76.13" style="enable-background:new 0 0 1210.96 76.13;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M1139.12,74.93h17.58l8.09-22.28l8.29,22.28h17.58l13.29-38.46h6.99V24.98h-23.98v11.49h5.2l-7.09,21.78l-7.59-21.78h5.49 V24.98h-28.17v11.49h5l-7.49,21.78l-6.99-21.78h5.49V24.98h-31.97v11.49h6.99L1139.12,74.93z M1083.58,44.96 c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H1083.58z M1091.57,75.93c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08h-13.99 c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57 c-15.88,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C1062.1,67.34,1074.68,75.93,1091.57,75.93 M1030.13,10.89c0,6.39,4.6,10.99,11.19,10.99 s11.19-4.6,11.19-10.99S1047.91,0,1041.32,0S1030.13,4.5,1030.13,10.89 M1022.33,74.93h38.76V63.44h-9.39V24.98h-29.37v11.49h9.39 v26.97h-9.39V74.93z M952.4,36.47h7.69l17.28,38.46h16.58l17.28-38.46h7.79V24.98h-26.48v11.49h6.49l-8.49,20.18l-8.79-20.18h6.79 V24.98H952.4V36.47z M917.33,44.96c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H917.33z M925.33,75.93 c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08h-13.99c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9 c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57c-15.89,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C895.85,67.34,908.44,75.93,925.33,75.93 M831.02,33.87V19.48 h15.59c5.99,0,8.19,3.4,8.19,7.39c0,4.1-2.2,6.99-8.19,6.99H831.02z M868.48,76.13c22.68,0,26.38-14.09,22.98-30.57h-12.89 c0.2,1.9,0.5,7.19,0.5,10.09c0,4.1-1.3,5.49-3.6,5.49c-2.1,0-3.1-1.3-3.5-4l-0.7-5.2c-0.8-5.99-5.1-9.79-14.89-11.39 c18.88-0.8,23.68-9.39,23.68-17.48c0-9.89-5.69-18.08-22.18-18.08h-63.04v14.49h11.99v40.96h-11.99v14.49h48.46V60.44h-12.29V43.86 h10.59c4.79,0,5.99,1.7,6.09,6.19l0.3,9.89C848.2,67.84,851.7,76.13,868.48,76.13 M698.84,74.93h33.87V63.44h-4.9v-5.89l5.69-4.3 l7.09,10.19h-5.3v11.49h33.97V63.44h-5.09l-14.49-20.58l9.39-6.39h9.19V24.98h-35.47v11.49H742l-14.19,10.29V4.99h-28.97v11.49 h8.99v46.96h-8.99V74.93z M641.39,74.93h44.16V63.44h-14.89V47.56c0-9.59,2.9-12.19,5.79-12.19c3.4,0,4.1,5.09,3.1,12.39h17.98 c3.7-14.69-0.7-23.78-11.09-23.78c-6.99,0-12.29,3.8-16.28,12.99V24.98h-28.77v11.49h9.29v26.97h-9.29V74.93z M600.73,49.95 c0-10.49,2.4-14.59,7.79-14.59s7.79,4.1,7.79,14.59c0,10.39-2.4,14.69-7.79,14.69S600.73,60.34,600.73,49.95 M608.53,75.93 c16.38,0,28.77-10.79,28.77-25.98c0-14.99-12.39-25.98-28.77-25.98c-16.38,0-28.77,10.99-28.77,25.98 C579.75,65.14,592.14,75.93,608.53,75.93 M518.21,74.93h54.15V60.44h-14.99V49.35l23.98-29.87h8.99V5h-35.87v14.49h8.69 l-12.99,16.88l-13.39-16.88h10.69V5h-47.26v14.49h8.99l23.98,29.87v11.09h-14.99V74.93z M411.11,74.93h17.58l8.09-22.28l8.29,22.28 h17.58l13.29-38.46h6.99V24.98h-23.98v11.49h5.2l-7.09,21.78l-7.59-21.78h5.49V24.98H426.8v11.49h5l-7.49,21.78l-6.99-21.78h5.49 V24.98h-31.97v11.49h6.99L411.11,74.93z M355.56,44.96c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H355.56z M363.56,75.93c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08h-13.99c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9 c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57c-15.88,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C334.08,67.34,346.67,75.93,363.56,75.93 M241.17,74.93h46.46 V60.44h-16.98V29.47l36.37,45.46h19.48V19.48h11.99V5h-39.96v14.49h10.99v21.38L281.33,5h-40.16v14.49h11.99v40.96h-11.99V74.93z M179.93,44.96c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H179.93z M187.92,75.93c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08 h-13.99c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57 c-15.88,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C158.45,67.34,171.04,75.93,187.92,75.93 M88.82,74.93h33.27V63.44h-4.3V47.96 c0-8.79,3.3-12.29,7.29-12.29c1.9,0,4.1,0.9,4.1,4.6v23.18h-4.5v11.49h32.47V63.44h-7.99V36.27c0-7.09-5.2-12.29-13.99-12.29 c-8.89,0-13.39,4.59-17.88,14.19V4.99H88.82v11.49h8.99v46.96h-8.99V74.93z M14.09,74.93h56.75V60.44H54.55V19.48h10.99v16.48 h19.38V5H0v30.97h19.38V19.48h10.99v40.96H14.09V74.93z"/> </g> </svg> </a> <div class="text-xs position-right position-absolute pr-xs-3 pr-xl-6 z-index-10 header-sign-in d-flex align-items-center"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/account/signin/?current_page=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fpolitics%2Finternational%2F" class="font-giza mr-xs-3 button px-0 color-yellow hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow sign-in-link"> <span>Sign In</span> </a> <span class="button hover-expand bg-yellow color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red"> <a href="https://subscribe.nybooks.com/ecom/nyb/app/live/subscriptions?org=NYB&publ=NY&key_code=EPKXHWB&type=S" class="font-giza sign-in-subscribe hover-text-inherit"><span>Subscribe</span></a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row cat-nav mt-lg-8"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/" class="pl-xs-8 pr-xs-8 font-giza color-yellow hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Politics</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/" class="pl-xs-8 pr-xs-8 font-giza color-yellow hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Literature</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/" class="pl-xs-8 pr-xs-8 font-giza color-yellow hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Arts</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/" class="pl-xs-8 pr-xs-8 font-giza color-yellow hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"> <span>Ideas</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid px-0"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rule-10 mt-xs-5"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="desktop-nav"> <div class="d-flex desktop-nav-inner"> <div class="desktop-main d-inline-block pt-xs-6 d-flex flex-column position-relative bg-yellow"> <div class="overflow-scroll h-100"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="d-flex"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com" class="align-self-center logo-menu-width w-100 mx-auto fill-ny-red"> <span class="sr-only">logo stacked</span> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <svg version="1.1" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 1729.18 197.28" style="enable-background:new 0 0 1729.18 197.28;" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M1626.6,107h25.11l11.56-31.81l11.84,31.81h25.11l18.97-54.92h9.99V35.67h-34.24v16.41h7.42l-10.13,31.1l-10.84-31.1h7.85 V35.67H1649v16.41h7.13l-10.7,31.1l-9.99-31.1h7.85V35.67h-45.65v16.41h9.99L1626.6,107z M1547.29,64.2 c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55H1547.29z M1558.7,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97 c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95 c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C1516.61,96.15,1534.59,108.42,1558.7,108.42 M1470.96,15.55c0,9.13,6.56,15.69,15.98,15.69 c9.42,0,15.98-6.56,15.98-15.69S1496.36,0,1486.94,0C1477.52,0,1470.96,6.42,1470.96,15.55 M1459.84,107h55.35V90.59h-13.41V35.67 h-41.94v16.41h13.41v38.52h-13.41V107z M1359.97,52.07h10.98l24.68,54.92h23.68L1444,52.07h11.13V35.67h-37.81v16.41h9.27 l-12.13,28.82l-12.55-28.82h9.7V35.67h-51.64V52.07z M1309.9,64.2c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55 H1309.9z M1321.31,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83 h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C1279.23,96.15,1297.2,108.42,1321.31,108.42 M1186.64,48.36V27.82h22.26c8.56,0,11.7,4.85,11.7,10.56c0,5.85-3.14,9.99-11.7,9.99H1186.64z M1240.14,108.71 c32.38,0,37.66-20.11,32.81-43.65h-18.4c0.29,2.71,0.71,10.27,0.71,14.41c0,5.85-1.86,7.85-5.14,7.85c-3,0-4.42-1.86-4.99-5.71 l-1-7.42c-1.14-8.56-7.28-13.98-21.26-16.26c26.96-1.14,33.81-13.41,33.81-24.97c0-14.12-8.13-25.82-31.67-25.82H1135v20.69h17.12 v58.49H1135V107h69.19V86.31h-17.55V62.63h15.12c6.85,0,8.56,2.43,8.7,8.84l0.43,14.12C1211.18,96.87,1216.18,108.71,1240.14,108.71 M997.91,107h48.36V90.59h-6.99v-8.42l8.13-6.13l10.13,14.55h-7.56V107h48.51V90.59h-7.27l-20.69-29.39l13.41-9.13h13.13V35.67 h-50.64v16.41h13.13l-20.26,14.69V7.13h-41.37v16.41h12.84v67.05h-12.84V107z M915.88,107h63.06V90.59h-21.26V67.91 c0-13.7,4.14-17.4,8.27-17.4c4.85,0,5.85,7.27,4.42,17.69h25.68c5.28-20.97-1-33.95-15.84-33.95c-9.99,0-17.55,5.42-23.25,18.54 V35.67h-41.09v16.41h13.27v38.52h-13.27V107z M857.81,71.33c0-14.98,3.42-20.83,11.13-20.83c7.7,0,11.13,5.85,11.13,20.83 c0,14.84-3.42,20.97-11.13,20.97C861.24,92.3,857.81,86.17,857.81,71.33 M868.94,108.42c23.4,0,41.09-15.41,41.09-37.09 c0-21.4-17.69-37.09-41.09-37.09c-23.4,0-41.09,15.69-41.09,37.09C827.85,93.01,845.54,108.42,868.94,108.42 M739.98,107h77.32 V86.31h-21.4V70.47l34.24-42.66h12.84V7.13h-51.21v20.69h12.41l-18.55,24.11l-19.12-24.11h15.27V7.13H714.3v20.69h12.84l34.24,42.66 v15.84h-21.4V107z M587.04,107h25.11l11.56-31.81L635.55,107h25.11l18.97-54.92h9.99V35.67h-34.24v16.41h7.42l-10.13,31.1 l-10.84-31.1h7.85V35.67h-40.23v16.41h7.13l-10.7,31.1l-9.99-31.1h7.84V35.67h-45.65v16.41h9.99L587.04,107z M507.73,64.2 c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55H507.73z M519.14,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97 c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95 c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C477.05,96.15,495.03,108.42,519.14,108.42 M344.38,107h66.34V86.31h-24.25V42.08L438.39,107 h27.82V27.82h17.12V7.13h-57.06v20.69h15.69v30.53L401.73,7.13h-57.35v20.69h17.12v58.49h-17.12V107z M256.93,64.2 c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55H256.93z M268.34,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97 c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95 c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C226.26,96.15,244.23,108.42,268.34,108.42 M126.82,107h47.51V90.59h-6.13V68.48 c0-12.55,4.71-17.55,10.41-17.55c2.71,0,5.85,1.28,5.85,6.56v33.1h-6.42V107h46.37V90.59h-11.41v-38.8 c0-10.13-7.42-17.55-19.97-17.55c-12.7,0-19.12,6.56-25.54,20.26V7.13h-40.66v16.41h12.84v67.05h-12.84V107z M20.12,107h81.03V86.31 H77.89V27.82h15.69v23.54h27.68V7.13H0v44.23h27.68V27.82h15.69v58.49H20.12V107z"/> <path d="M1019.73,197.28c9.49,0,13.91-5.28,13.91-11.91c0-7.92-4.42-11.06-12.91-12.27l-8.35-1.21c-2.43-0.36-3.14-1.5-3.14-2.64 c0-1.21,0.78-2.85,4.49-2.85c5.35,0,7.28,3,8.13,5.63h8.49V160.9h-9.2v5.71c-1.85-3.57-5.92-6.42-11.63-6.42 c-8.84,0-12.91,5.49-12.91,11.13c0,5.56,2.71,9.77,11.06,11.06l8.06,1.21c3.07,0.43,4.14,1.35,4.14,3.28c0,1.71-1.21,3.21-4.92,3.21 c-5.06,0-7.78-2.85-9.77-6.99h-8.06v13.48h9.27v-7.56C1008.18,192.86,1012.45,197.28,1019.73,197.28 M942.48,196.57h24.18v-8.2 h-3.49v-4.21l4.07-3.07l5.06,7.28h-3.78v8.2h24.25v-8.2h-3.64l-10.34-14.7l6.7-4.57h6.56v-8.2h-25.32v8.2h6.56l-10.13,7.35V144.5 h-20.69v8.2h6.42v35.67h-6.42V196.57z M915.16,178.73c0-7.49,1.71-10.41,5.56-10.41c3.85,0,5.56,2.92,5.56,10.41 c0,7.42-1.71,10.49-5.56,10.49C916.87,189.22,915.16,186.15,915.16,178.73 M920.72,197.28c11.7,0,20.54-7.7,20.54-18.55 c0-10.7-8.85-18.54-20.54-18.54c-11.7,0-20.54,7.85-20.54,18.54C900.18,189.58,909.03,197.28,920.72,197.28 M870.93,178.73 c0-7.49,1.71-10.41,5.56-10.41s5.56,2.92,5.56,10.41c0,7.42-1.71,10.49-5.56,10.49S870.93,186.15,870.93,178.73 M876.5,197.28 c11.7,0,20.54-7.7,20.54-18.55c0-10.7-8.84-18.54-20.54-18.54s-20.54,7.85-20.54,18.54C855.96,189.58,864.8,197.28,876.5,197.28 M818.22,166.89v-9.92h7.92c3.85,0,5.71,1.85,5.71,4.99c0,3.21-1.93,4.92-5.78,4.92H818.22z M818.22,186.22v-11.27h9.27 c4.57,0,6.63,2.43,6.63,5.64s-2.07,5.63-6.63,5.63H818.22z M791.69,196.57h41.51c14.19,0,19.69-5.85,19.69-13.62 c0-7.7-5.63-11.77-14.27-12.34c6.13-0.93,11.41-4.92,11.41-11.06c0-7.49-4.78-12.91-18.26-12.91h-40.09v10.34h9.27v29.24h-9.27 V196.57z M739.55,196.57h28.32v-8.2h-7.42V169.1h8.63v-8.2h-8.63v-4.57c0-2.14,1-3.85,4.14-3.85c2.92,0,3.99,1.78,3.71,4.78h11.77 c0.36-7.35-2.28-14.2-15.69-14.2c-11.48,0-18.19,4.92-18.19,14.05v3.78h-6.63v8.2h6.63v19.26h-6.63V196.57z M710.52,178.73 c0-7.49,1.71-10.41,5.56-10.41c3.85,0,5.56,2.92,5.56,10.41c0,7.42-1.71,10.49-5.56,10.49 C712.23,189.22,710.52,186.15,710.52,178.73 M716.08,197.28c11.7,0,20.54-7.7,20.54-18.55c0-10.7-8.84-18.54-20.54-18.54 c-11.7,0-20.54,7.85-20.54,18.54C695.54,189.58,704.38,197.28,716.08,197.28"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="header_search position-relative logo-menu-width mx-auto mt-xs-6 mb-xs-6"> <form method="get" action="/search/" autocomplete="off"> <div class="input-append"> <input class="text-small w-100 pr-xs-10 st-default-search-input" name="q" type="text" placeholder="Search by article title, author, book, contributor or subject" title="search"> <button title="submit search" type="submit" class="pl-xs-3 pr-xs-3 bg-transparent border-0 search-submit"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M17.7666 20.0001C17.2909 20.0001 16.8152 19.8178 16.4514 19.4533L13.3802 16.376C12.6526 15.647 12.6526 14.4694 13.3802 13.7474C14.1077 13.0254 15.2831 13.0184 16.0036 13.7474L19.0749 16.8247C19.8024 17.5537 19.8024 18.7313 19.0749 19.4533C18.7181 19.8178 18.2423 20.0001 17.7666 20.0001Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M14.6955 15.8155C14.4996 15.8155 14.3108 15.7384 14.1638 15.5912L9.88932 11.3083C9.59549 11.0138 9.59549 10.5372 9.88932 10.2428C10.1831 9.94837 10.6589 9.94837 10.9527 10.2428L15.2272 14.5257C15.5211 14.8201 15.5211 15.2968 15.2272 15.5912C15.0803 15.7454 14.8844 15.8155 14.6955 15.8155Z" fill="#990101"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14 7C14 10.866 10.866 14 7 14C3.13401 14 0 10.866 0 7C0 3.13401 3.13401 0 7 0C10.866 0 14 3.13401 14 7ZM7.00733 11.0949C9.26485 11.0949 11.0949 9.2648 11.0949 7.00727C11.0949 4.74975 9.26485 2.91967 7.00733 2.91967C4.74981 2.91967 2.91972 4.74975 2.91972 7.00727C2.91972 9.2648 4.74981 11.0949 7.00733 11.0949Z" fill="#990101"/> </svg> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container menu-scrollable pb-xs-2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-3"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/" class="h4 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red mb-xs-4 d-block hover-border-ny-red"> <span>Politics</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/us-politics/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>United States</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>International</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/human-rights/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Human Rights</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/climate-change/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Climate Change</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/election-2024/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Election 2024</span> </a> </div> <div class="col-3"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/" class="h4 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red mb-xs-4 d-block hover-border-ny-red"> <span>Literature</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/fiction/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Fiction</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/poetry/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Poetry</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/biography-memoir/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Biography & Memoir</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/in-translation/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>In Translation</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/essays/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Essays</span> </a> </div> <div class="col-3"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/" class="h4 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red mb-xs-4 d-block hover-border-ny-red"> <span>Arts</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/visual-arts/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Visual Arts</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/performing-arts/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Performing Arts</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/film-television/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Film & Television</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/music/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Music</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/society-culture/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Society & Culture</span> </a> </div> <div class="col-3"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/" class="h4 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red mb-xs-4 d-block hover-border-ny-red"> <span>Ideas</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/history/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>History</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/economics/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Economics</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/science-technology/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Science & Technology</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/law/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Law</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/philosophy-religion/" class="h6 color-black mb-xs-4 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black"> <span>Philosophy & Religion</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="desktop-menu-bottom bg-white mt-auto"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 pt-xs-6 pb-xs-6"> <p class="h5 color-ny-red">More from the Review</p> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/events/" class="color-black hover-text-black font-giza text-small d-block mt-xs-4 hover-border-black"> <span>Events</span> </a> <a href="/issues/" class="color-black hover-text-black font-giza text-small d-block mt-xs-4 hover-border-black"> <span>All Issues</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/" class="color-black hover-text-black font-giza text-small d-block mt-xs-4 hover-border-black"> <span>About Us</span> </a> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://shop.nybooks.com/" class="color-black hover-text-black hover-border-black text-small font-giza mb-xs-4 d-block mt-xs-4" target="_blank"> <span>Shop Literary Gifts</span> </a> <a href="http://www.nyrb.com/" class="color-black hover-text-black hover-border-black text-small font-giza mb-xs-4 d-block mt-xs-4" target="_blank"> <span>Shop NYRB Classics</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-6 column-left-border pt-xs-6 pb-xs-6"> <p class="h5 mb-xs-4 color-ny-red">Subscribe to our Newsletter</p> <p class="text-small">Best of The New York Review, plus books, events, and other items of interest</p> <div class="menu-newsletter text-small" data-form-source="Menu Signup"> <form class="newsletter-trigger"> <div class="newsletter-trigger__wrapper"> <label for="email" class="sr-only">Email Address</label> <input type="email" class="newsletter-trigger__input bg-transparent w-100 pt-xs-3 pb-xs-3" id="email" placeholder="Enter your email address"> <div class="newsletter-trigger__submit"> <button type="submit" class="button">Continue</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="desktop-header-sidebar bg-ny-red pt-xs-4 pb-xs-6 pl-xs-6 pr-xs-6 d-flex flex-column"> <div class="text-center w-100 mt-auto mb-auto"> <p class="color-yellow text-small mb-0">December 5, 2024</p> <p class="color-white h5 mb-xs-3">Current Issue</p> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/issues/2024/12/05/" class="d-block shadow-hover-dark"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=360" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=165 165w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=240 240w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=360 360w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=480 480w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 165px, 330px" class="mw-100" alt="Image of the December 5, 2024 issue cover." > </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-menu d-lg-none position-relative"> <div class="pt-xs-4 pb-xs-4"> <div class="container-xl"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="d-flex position-relative justify-content-center"> <div class="mr-xs-2 mobile-hamburger fill-yellow"> <svg preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" viewBox="0 0 35 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12.0005 1H0.000488281V4H12.0005V1Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M13 9H0V12H13V9Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M18 17H0V20H18V17Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M32.7666 20.0001C32.2909 20.0001 31.8152 19.8178 31.4514 19.4533L28.3802 16.376C27.6526 15.647 27.6526 14.4694 28.3802 13.7474C29.1077 13.0254 30.2831 13.0184 31.0036 13.7474L34.0749 16.8247C34.8024 17.5537 34.8024 18.7313 34.0749 19.4533C33.7181 19.8178 33.2423 20.0001 32.7666 20.0001Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M29.6955 15.8155C29.4996 15.8155 29.3108 15.7384 29.1638 15.5912L24.8893 11.3083C24.5955 11.0138 24.5955 10.5372 24.8893 10.2428C25.1831 9.94837 25.6589 9.94837 25.9527 10.2428L30.2272 14.5257C30.5211 14.8201 30.5211 15.2968 30.2272 15.5912C30.0803 15.7454 29.8844 15.8155 29.6955 15.8155Z" fill="#990101"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M29 7C29 10.866 25.866 14 22 14C18.134 14 15 10.866 15 7C15 3.13401 18.134 0 22 0C25.866 0 29 3.13401 29 7ZM22.0073 11.0949C24.2649 11.0949 26.0949 9.2648 26.0949 7.00727C26.0949 4.74975 24.2649 2.91967 22.0073 2.91967C19.7498 2.91967 17.9197 4.74975 17.9197 7.00727C17.9197 9.2648 19.7498 11.0949 22.0073 11.0949Z" fill="#990101"/> </svg> </div> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com" class="header-logo-short w-100 fill-yellow"> <span class="sr-only">site logo</span> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 1210.96 76.13" style="enable-background:new 0 0 1210.96 76.13;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M1139.12,74.93h17.58l8.09-22.28l8.29,22.28h17.58l13.29-38.46h6.99V24.98h-23.98v11.49h5.2l-7.09,21.78l-7.59-21.78h5.49 V24.98h-28.17v11.49h5l-7.49,21.78l-6.99-21.78h5.49V24.98h-31.97v11.49h6.99L1139.12,74.93z M1083.58,44.96 c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H1083.58z M1091.57,75.93c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08h-13.99 c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57 c-15.88,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C1062.1,67.34,1074.68,75.93,1091.57,75.93 M1030.13,10.89c0,6.39,4.6,10.99,11.19,10.99 s11.19-4.6,11.19-10.99S1047.91,0,1041.32,0S1030.13,4.5,1030.13,10.89 M1022.33,74.93h38.76V63.44h-9.39V24.98h-29.37v11.49h9.39 v26.97h-9.39V74.93z M952.4,36.47h7.69l17.28,38.46h16.58l17.28-38.46h7.79V24.98h-26.48v11.49h6.49l-8.49,20.18l-8.79-20.18h6.79 V24.98H952.4V36.47z M917.33,44.96c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H917.33z M925.33,75.93 c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08h-13.99c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9 c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57c-15.89,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C895.85,67.34,908.44,75.93,925.33,75.93 M831.02,33.87V19.48 h15.59c5.99,0,8.19,3.4,8.19,7.39c0,4.1-2.2,6.99-8.19,6.99H831.02z M868.48,76.13c22.68,0,26.38-14.09,22.98-30.57h-12.89 c0.2,1.9,0.5,7.19,0.5,10.09c0,4.1-1.3,5.49-3.6,5.49c-2.1,0-3.1-1.3-3.5-4l-0.7-5.2c-0.8-5.99-5.1-9.79-14.89-11.39 c18.88-0.8,23.68-9.39,23.68-17.48c0-9.89-5.69-18.08-22.18-18.08h-63.04v14.49h11.99v40.96h-11.99v14.49h48.46V60.44h-12.29V43.86 h10.59c4.79,0,5.99,1.7,6.09,6.19l0.3,9.89C848.2,67.84,851.7,76.13,868.48,76.13 M698.84,74.93h33.87V63.44h-4.9v-5.89l5.69-4.3 l7.09,10.19h-5.3v11.49h33.97V63.44h-5.09l-14.49-20.58l9.39-6.39h9.19V24.98h-35.47v11.49H742l-14.19,10.29V4.99h-28.97v11.49 h8.99v46.96h-8.99V74.93z M641.39,74.93h44.16V63.44h-14.89V47.56c0-9.59,2.9-12.19,5.79-12.19c3.4,0,4.1,5.09,3.1,12.39h17.98 c3.7-14.69-0.7-23.78-11.09-23.78c-6.99,0-12.29,3.8-16.28,12.99V24.98h-28.77v11.49h9.29v26.97h-9.29V74.93z M600.73,49.95 c0-10.49,2.4-14.59,7.79-14.59s7.79,4.1,7.79,14.59c0,10.39-2.4,14.69-7.79,14.69S600.73,60.34,600.73,49.95 M608.53,75.93 c16.38,0,28.77-10.79,28.77-25.98c0-14.99-12.39-25.98-28.77-25.98c-16.38,0-28.77,10.99-28.77,25.98 C579.75,65.14,592.14,75.93,608.53,75.93 M518.21,74.93h54.15V60.44h-14.99V49.35l23.98-29.87h8.99V5h-35.87v14.49h8.69 l-12.99,16.88l-13.39-16.88h10.69V5h-47.26v14.49h8.99l23.98,29.87v11.09h-14.99V74.93z M411.11,74.93h17.58l8.09-22.28l8.29,22.28 h17.58l13.29-38.46h6.99V24.98h-23.98v11.49h5.2l-7.09,21.78l-7.59-21.78h5.49V24.98H426.8v11.49h5l-7.49,21.78l-6.99-21.78h5.49 V24.98h-31.97v11.49h6.99L411.11,74.93z M355.56,44.96c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H355.56z M363.56,75.93c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08h-13.99c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9 c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57c-15.88,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C334.08,67.34,346.67,75.93,363.56,75.93 M241.17,74.93h46.46 V60.44h-16.98V29.47l36.37,45.46h19.48V19.48h11.99V5h-39.96v14.49h10.99v21.38L281.33,5h-40.16v14.49h11.99v40.96h-11.99V74.93z M179.93,44.96c0.4-5.79,2.9-9.49,7.19-9.49c4.3,0,6.79,2.4,6.89,9.49H179.93z M187.92,75.93c13.89,0,25.18-6.39,26.58-20.08 h-13.99c-1.2,4.9-4.2,8.39-10.49,8.39c-6.49,0-10.09-3.9-10.19-11.79h34.57v-1.9c0-15.99-10.39-26.57-27.27-26.57 c-15.88,0-28.67,9.39-28.67,26.37C158.45,67.34,171.04,75.93,187.92,75.93 M88.82,74.93h33.27V63.44h-4.3V47.96 c0-8.79,3.3-12.29,7.29-12.29c1.9,0,4.1,0.9,4.1,4.6v23.18h-4.5v11.49h32.47V63.44h-7.99V36.27c0-7.09-5.2-12.29-13.99-12.29 c-8.89,0-13.39,4.59-17.88,14.19V4.99H88.82v11.49h8.99v46.96h-8.99V74.93z M14.09,74.93h56.75V60.44H54.55V19.48h10.99v16.48 h19.38V5H0v30.97h19.38V19.48h10.99v40.96H14.09V74.93z"/> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="rule-yellow"></div> <div class="mobile-nav bg-yellow"> <div class="container-xl"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between pt-xs-4"> <div class="mobile-close hover-cursor"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.85752 12.21L2.29256 19.7172L0 17.4422L7.56496 9.93495L0.131114 2.55785L2.42368 0.282783L9.85752 7.65988L17.5763 0L19.8689 2.27506L12.1501 9.93495L20 17.7249L17.7074 20L9.85752 12.21Z" fill="#990101"/> </svg> </div> <div class="pt-lg-3 text-xs"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/account/signin/?current_page=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fpolitics%2Finternational%2F" class="font-giza mr-xs-3 color-ny-red">Sign In</a> <a href="https://subscribe.nybooks.com/ecom/nyb/app/live/subscriptions?org=NYB&publ=NY&key_code=EPKXHWB&type=S" class="button font-giza bg-ny-red color-yellow hover-text-yellow hover-expand"><span>Subscribe</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com" class="d-block mt-xs-8 mb-xs-8 fill-ny-red" > <span class="sr-only">Site logo</span> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <svg version="1.1" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 1729.18 197.28" style="enable-background:new 0 0 1729.18 197.28;" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M1626.6,107h25.11l11.56-31.81l11.84,31.81h25.11l18.97-54.92h9.99V35.67h-34.24v16.41h7.42l-10.13,31.1l-10.84-31.1h7.85 V35.67H1649v16.41h7.13l-10.7,31.1l-9.99-31.1h7.85V35.67h-45.65v16.41h9.99L1626.6,107z M1547.29,64.2 c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55H1547.29z M1558.7,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97 c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95 c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C1516.61,96.15,1534.59,108.42,1558.7,108.42 M1470.96,15.55c0,9.13,6.56,15.69,15.98,15.69 c9.42,0,15.98-6.56,15.98-15.69S1496.36,0,1486.94,0C1477.52,0,1470.96,6.42,1470.96,15.55 M1459.84,107h55.35V90.59h-13.41V35.67 h-41.94v16.41h13.41v38.52h-13.41V107z M1359.97,52.07h10.98l24.68,54.92h23.68L1444,52.07h11.13V35.67h-37.81v16.41h9.27 l-12.13,28.82l-12.55-28.82h9.7V35.67h-51.64V52.07z M1309.9,64.2c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55 H1309.9z M1321.31,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83 h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C1279.23,96.15,1297.2,108.42,1321.31,108.42 M1186.64,48.36V27.82h22.26c8.56,0,11.7,4.85,11.7,10.56c0,5.85-3.14,9.99-11.7,9.99H1186.64z M1240.14,108.71 c32.38,0,37.66-20.11,32.81-43.65h-18.4c0.29,2.71,0.71,10.27,0.71,14.41c0,5.85-1.86,7.85-5.14,7.85c-3,0-4.42-1.86-4.99-5.71 l-1-7.42c-1.14-8.56-7.28-13.98-21.26-16.26c26.96-1.14,33.81-13.41,33.81-24.97c0-14.12-8.13-25.82-31.67-25.82H1135v20.69h17.12 v58.49H1135V107h69.19V86.31h-17.55V62.63h15.12c6.85,0,8.56,2.43,8.7,8.84l0.43,14.12C1211.18,96.87,1216.18,108.71,1240.14,108.71 M997.91,107h48.36V90.59h-6.99v-8.42l8.13-6.13l10.13,14.55h-7.56V107h48.51V90.59h-7.27l-20.69-29.39l13.41-9.13h13.13V35.67 h-50.64v16.41h13.13l-20.26,14.69V7.13h-41.37v16.41h12.84v67.05h-12.84V107z M915.88,107h63.06V90.59h-21.26V67.91 c0-13.7,4.14-17.4,8.27-17.4c4.85,0,5.85,7.27,4.42,17.69h25.68c5.28-20.97-1-33.95-15.84-33.95c-9.99,0-17.55,5.42-23.25,18.54 V35.67h-41.09v16.41h13.27v38.52h-13.27V107z M857.81,71.33c0-14.98,3.42-20.83,11.13-20.83c7.7,0,11.13,5.85,11.13,20.83 c0,14.84-3.42,20.97-11.13,20.97C861.24,92.3,857.81,86.17,857.81,71.33 M868.94,108.42c23.4,0,41.09-15.41,41.09-37.09 c0-21.4-17.69-37.09-41.09-37.09c-23.4,0-41.09,15.69-41.09,37.09C827.85,93.01,845.54,108.42,868.94,108.42 M739.98,107h77.32 V86.31h-21.4V70.47l34.24-42.66h12.84V7.13h-51.21v20.69h12.41l-18.55,24.11l-19.12-24.11h15.27V7.13H714.3v20.69h12.84l34.24,42.66 v15.84h-21.4V107z M587.04,107h25.11l11.56-31.81L635.55,107h25.11l18.97-54.92h9.99V35.67h-34.24v16.41h7.42l-10.13,31.1 l-10.84-31.1h7.85V35.67h-40.23v16.41h7.13l-10.7,31.1l-9.99-31.1h7.84V35.67h-45.65v16.41h9.99L587.04,107z M507.73,64.2 c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55H507.73z M519.14,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97 c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95 c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C477.05,96.15,495.03,108.42,519.14,108.42 M344.38,107h66.34V86.31h-24.25V42.08L438.39,107 h27.82V27.82h17.12V7.13h-57.06v20.69h15.69v30.53L401.73,7.13h-57.35v20.69h17.12v58.49h-17.12V107z M256.93,64.2 c0.57-8.27,4.14-13.55,10.27-13.55c6.13,0,9.7,3.42,9.84,13.55H256.93z M268.34,108.42c19.83,0,35.95-9.13,37.95-28.67h-19.97 c-1.71,6.99-5.99,11.98-14.98,11.98c-9.27,0-14.41-5.56-14.55-16.83h49.36v-2.71c0-22.83-14.84-37.95-38.95-37.95 c-22.68,0-40.94,13.41-40.94,37.66C226.26,96.15,244.23,108.42,268.34,108.42 M126.82,107h47.51V90.59h-6.13V68.48 c0-12.55,4.71-17.55,10.41-17.55c2.71,0,5.85,1.28,5.85,6.56v33.1h-6.42V107h46.37V90.59h-11.41v-38.8 c0-10.13-7.42-17.55-19.97-17.55c-12.7,0-19.12,6.56-25.54,20.26V7.13h-40.66v16.41h12.84v67.05h-12.84V107z M20.12,107h81.03V86.31 H77.89V27.82h15.69v23.54h27.68V7.13H0v44.23h27.68V27.82h15.69v58.49H20.12V107z"/> <path d="M1019.73,197.28c9.49,0,13.91-5.28,13.91-11.91c0-7.92-4.42-11.06-12.91-12.27l-8.35-1.21c-2.43-0.36-3.14-1.5-3.14-2.64 c0-1.21,0.78-2.85,4.49-2.85c5.35,0,7.28,3,8.13,5.63h8.49V160.9h-9.2v5.71c-1.85-3.57-5.92-6.42-11.63-6.42 c-8.84,0-12.91,5.49-12.91,11.13c0,5.56,2.71,9.77,11.06,11.06l8.06,1.21c3.07,0.43,4.14,1.35,4.14,3.28c0,1.71-1.21,3.21-4.92,3.21 c-5.06,0-7.78-2.85-9.77-6.99h-8.06v13.48h9.27v-7.56C1008.18,192.86,1012.45,197.28,1019.73,197.28 M942.48,196.57h24.18v-8.2 h-3.49v-4.21l4.07-3.07l5.06,7.28h-3.78v8.2h24.25v-8.2h-3.64l-10.34-14.7l6.7-4.57h6.56v-8.2h-25.32v8.2h6.56l-10.13,7.35V144.5 h-20.69v8.2h6.42v35.67h-6.42V196.57z M915.16,178.73c0-7.49,1.71-10.41,5.56-10.41c3.85,0,5.56,2.92,5.56,10.41 c0,7.42-1.71,10.49-5.56,10.49C916.87,189.22,915.16,186.15,915.16,178.73 M920.72,197.28c11.7,0,20.54-7.7,20.54-18.55 c0-10.7-8.85-18.54-20.54-18.54c-11.7,0-20.54,7.85-20.54,18.54C900.18,189.58,909.03,197.28,920.72,197.28 M870.93,178.73 c0-7.49,1.71-10.41,5.56-10.41s5.56,2.92,5.56,10.41c0,7.42-1.71,10.49-5.56,10.49S870.93,186.15,870.93,178.73 M876.5,197.28 c11.7,0,20.54-7.7,20.54-18.55c0-10.7-8.84-18.54-20.54-18.54s-20.54,7.85-20.54,18.54C855.96,189.58,864.8,197.28,876.5,197.28 M818.22,166.89v-9.92h7.92c3.85,0,5.71,1.85,5.71,4.99c0,3.21-1.93,4.92-5.78,4.92H818.22z M818.22,186.22v-11.27h9.27 c4.57,0,6.63,2.43,6.63,5.64s-2.07,5.63-6.63,5.63H818.22z M791.69,196.57h41.51c14.19,0,19.69-5.85,19.69-13.62 c0-7.7-5.63-11.77-14.27-12.34c6.13-0.93,11.41-4.92,11.41-11.06c0-7.49-4.78-12.91-18.26-12.91h-40.09v10.34h9.27v29.24h-9.27 V196.57z M739.55,196.57h28.32v-8.2h-7.42V169.1h8.63v-8.2h-8.63v-4.57c0-2.14,1-3.85,4.14-3.85c2.92,0,3.99,1.78,3.71,4.78h11.77 c0.36-7.35-2.28-14.2-15.69-14.2c-11.48,0-18.19,4.92-18.19,14.05v3.78h-6.63v8.2h6.63v19.26h-6.63V196.57z M710.52,178.73 c0-7.49,1.71-10.41,5.56-10.41c3.85,0,5.56,2.92,5.56,10.41c0,7.42-1.71,10.49-5.56,10.49 C712.23,189.22,710.52,186.15,710.52,178.73 M716.08,197.28c11.7,0,20.54-7.7,20.54-18.55c0-10.7-8.84-18.54-20.54-18.54 c-11.7,0-20.54,7.85-20.54,18.54C695.54,189.58,704.38,197.28,716.08,197.28"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="header_search position-relative mb-xs-8"> <form method="get" action="/search/"> <div class="input-append"> <input class="w-100 pr-xs-10 st-default-search-input" id="mobile-search" name="s" type="text" placeholder="Search" title="search"> <button title="Search" type="submit" class="pl-xs-3 pr-xs-3"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M17.7666 20.0001C17.2909 20.0001 16.8152 19.8178 16.4514 19.4533L13.3802 16.376C12.6526 15.647 12.6526 14.4694 13.3802 13.7474C14.1077 13.0254 15.2831 13.0184 16.0036 13.7474L19.0749 16.8247C19.8024 17.5537 19.8024 18.7313 19.0749 19.4533C18.7181 19.8178 18.2423 20.0001 17.7666 20.0001Z" fill="#990101"/> <path d="M14.6955 15.8155C14.4996 15.8155 14.3108 15.7384 14.1638 15.5912L9.88932 11.3083C9.59549 11.0138 9.59549 10.5372 9.88932 10.2428C10.1831 9.94837 10.6589 9.94837 10.9527 10.2428L15.2272 14.5257C15.5211 14.8201 15.5211 15.2968 15.2272 15.5912C15.0803 15.7454 14.8844 15.8155 14.6955 15.8155Z" fill="#990101"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14 7C14 10.866 10.866 14 7 14C3.13401 14 0 10.866 0 7C0 3.13401 3.13401 0 7 0C10.866 0 14 3.13401 14 7ZM7.00733 11.0949C9.26485 11.0949 11.0949 9.2648 11.0949 7.00727C11.0949 4.74975 9.26485 2.91967 7.00733 2.91967C4.74981 2.91967 2.91972 4.74975 2.91972 7.00727C2.91972 9.2648 4.74981 11.0949 7.00733 11.0949Z" fill="#990101"/> </svg> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="menu-item mb-xs-6"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/" class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0 pt-xs-1 h3 hover-text-ny-red hover-border-ny-red">Politics</a> <a class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-politics" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-politics"> <span class="sr-only">Collapse</span> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 35 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M34.03 17.0541C34.03 25.8955 26.6613 33.1082 17.515 33.1082C8.36871 33.1082 1 25.8955 1 17.0541C1 8.21263 8.36871 1 17.515 1C26.6613 1 34.03 8.21263 34.03 17.0541Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M10.5839 12.3416L17.9512 19.3916L25.3184 12.3416L26.927 13.8502L17.9512 22.4395L8.97534 13.8502L10.5839 12.3416Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="collapse pl-xs-4" id="collapse-politics"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/us-politics/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">United States</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">International</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/human-rights/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Human Rights</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/climate-change/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Climate Change</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/election-2024/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Election 2024</a> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item mb-xs-6"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/" class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0 pt-xs-1 h3 hover-text-ny-red hover-border-ny-red">Literature</a> <a class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-literature" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-literature"> <span class="sr-only">Collapse</span> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 35 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M34.03 17.0541C34.03 25.8955 26.6613 33.1082 17.515 33.1082C8.36871 33.1082 1 25.8955 1 17.0541C1 8.21263 8.36871 1 17.515 1C26.6613 1 34.03 8.21263 34.03 17.0541Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M10.5839 12.3416L17.9512 19.3916L25.3184 12.3416L26.927 13.8502L17.9512 22.4395L8.97534 13.8502L10.5839 12.3416Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="collapse pl-xs-4" id="collapse-literature"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/fiction/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Fiction</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/poetry/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Poetry</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/biography-memoir/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Biography & Memoir</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/in-translation/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">In Translation</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/literature/essays/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Essays</a> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item mb-xs-6"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/" class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0 pt-xs-1 h3 hover-text-ny-red hover-border-ny-red">Arts</a> <a class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-arts" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-arts"> <span class="sr-only">Collapse</span> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 35 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M34.03 17.0541C34.03 25.8955 26.6613 33.1082 17.515 33.1082C8.36871 33.1082 1 25.8955 1 17.0541C1 8.21263 8.36871 1 17.515 1C26.6613 1 34.03 8.21263 34.03 17.0541Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M10.5839 12.3416L17.9512 19.3916L25.3184 12.3416L26.927 13.8502L17.9512 22.4395L8.97534 13.8502L10.5839 12.3416Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="collapse pl-xs-4" id="collapse-arts"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/visual-arts/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Visual Arts</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/performing-arts/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Performing Arts</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/film-television/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Film & Television</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/music/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Music</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/arts/society-culture/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Society & Culture</a> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item mb-xs-6"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/" class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0 pt-xs-1 h3 hover-text-ny-red hover-border-ny-red">Ideas</a> <a class="font-giza color-ny-red mb-0" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse-ideas" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-ideas"> <span class="sr-only">Collapse</span> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 35 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M34.03 17.0541C34.03 25.8955 26.6613 33.1082 17.515 33.1082C8.36871 33.1082 1 25.8955 1 17.0541C1 8.21263 8.36871 1 17.515 1C26.6613 1 34.03 8.21263 34.03 17.0541Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="2"/> <path d="M10.5839 12.3416L17.9512 19.3916L25.3184 12.3416L26.927 13.8502L17.9512 22.4395L8.97534 13.8502L10.5839 12.3416Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="collapse pl-xs-4" id="collapse-ideas"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/history/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">History</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/economics/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Economics</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/science-technology/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Science & Technology</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/law/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Law</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/ideas/philosophy-religion/" class="color-black font-giza mt-xs-3 d-block hover-text-black hover-border-black">Philosophy & Religion</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-xl bg-ny-red pt-xs-3 pb-xs-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-5 col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/issues/2024/12/05/"> <span class="sr-only">Current Issue</span> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=652" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=142 142w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=284 284w,, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=652 652w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nyrb120524.jpg?w=1304 1304w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 142px, 652px" class="mw-100" alt="" > </a> </div> <div class="col-7 col-md-9"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/issues/2024/12/05/" class="text-decoration-none"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center h-100"> <div class="text-center w-100"> <p class="color-yellow text-small mb-0"></p> <p class="color-white h5 mb-0">Current Issue</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-xl bg-white pt-xs-5 pb-xs-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <p class="color-ny-red mb-xs-4 h5">More from the Review</p> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/events/" class="hover-text-black color-black font-giza mb-xs-4 d-block">Events</a> <a href="/issues/" class="hover-text-black color-black font-giza mb-xs-4 d-block">All Issues</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/" class="hover-text-black color-black font-giza mb-xs-4 d-block">About Us</a> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://shop.nybooks.com/" target="_blank" class="hover-text-black color-black font-giza mb-xs-4 d-block "> <span>Shop Literary Gifts</span> </a> <a href="http://www.nyrb.com/" target="_blank" class="hover-text-black color-black font-giza mb-xs-4 d-block "> <span>Shop NYRB Classics</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="bg-ny-red pt-xs-3 pt-lg-6 pb-xs-0 pb-lg-3"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="text-center pb-xs-2 font-giza text-xs-16"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/politics/" class="color-yellow hover-text-yellow hover-border-yellow"><span>Politics</span></a> </div> <h1 class="color-yellow text-center mb-xs-2">International</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="category-features pt-xs-6"> <div class="container"> <div class="row mb-lg-12"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/05/09/israel-the-way-out-david-shulman/" class="article-card"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-xs-3" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-05-09"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/shulman_1-050924-900.jpg?w=1140" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt=""> </figure> <div class="text-xs-20 text-lg-22 mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red font-giza"> <span class="color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red"><strong>David Shulman</strong></span> </div> <p class="text-xs-30 font-giza d-block mb-xs-1 mb-lg-0 card-title card-title-ny-red">Israel: The Way Out</p> <p class="mb-0 article-card-excerpt">If Israel is to survive, physically and spiritually, it needs to undergo, collectively, a sea change in its vision of reality and face some unpleasant though obvious facts. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mt-xs-1 mb-xs-3 mb-lg-0"> May 9, 2024 issue </p> </a> <div class="rule-10 d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 d-lg-flex flex-lg-column"> <div class="row featured-posts-secondary"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 left-border-lg"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-8"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/04/04/mourning-navalny-the-dissident/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" > <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/navalny_alexey-040424-900.jpg?w=1200" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt=""> </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Christian Caryl</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Mourning Navalny</p> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Alexey Navalny’s death represents the culmination of the Kremlin’s efforts to push the country into a political deep freeze, but his legacy is a new generation of Russians who yearn to imagine alternatives to Putin’s regime. </div> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-xs-3 mb-lg-0"> April 4, 2024 issue </p> </a> <div class="rule-10 d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 left-border-lg"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-8"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/04/18/gloom-in-ukraine-tim-judah/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" > <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/judah_1-041824-900.jpg?w=1200" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt=""> </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Tim Judah</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Gloom in Ukraine</p> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Two years after the Russian invasion, Ukrainian morale has plummeted. </div> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-xs-3 mb-lg-0"> April 18, 2024 issue </p> </a> <div class="rule-10 d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="row featured-posts-secondary"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 left-border-lg"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-8"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/04/04/indonesias-corrupted-democracy-coalitions-presidents-make/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Margaret Scott</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Indonesia’s Corrupted Democracy</p> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Behind the victory of his chosen successor in February’s elections lies a complicated story of how outgoing President Joko Widodo has co-opted much of Indonesian society while consolidating immense power. </div> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-xs-3 mb-lg-0"> April 4, 2024 issue </p> </a> <div class="rule-10 d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6 left-border-lg"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-8"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/03/21/iraqs-twenty-years-of-carnage-wounded-tigris/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Joshua Hammer</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Iraq’s Twenty Years of Carnage</p> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Two journalists give eyewitness accounts of the immeasurable damage inflicted on Iraq since the US invasion. </div> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-xs-3 mb-lg-0"> March 21, 2024 issue </p> </a> <div class="rule-10 d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-md-6 featured-posts-tertiary"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-6"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/03/21/small-island-gary-younge/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" > <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/younge_1-032124-900.jpg?w=1680" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt=""> </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Gary Younge</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Small Island</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">What has happened to Britain? </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-xs-3"> March 21, 2024 issue </p> </a> <div class="rule-10 d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-6"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/03/21/the-party-line-the-red-hotel-alan-philps/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-03-21"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/steele_1-032124-900.jpg?w=1680" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt=""> </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Jonathan Steele</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">The Party Line</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">A new book about Western journalists’ experience in Moscow during World War II sheds light on the problems of media manipulation and self-censorship in coverage of Russia today. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-xs-3"> March 21, 2024 issue </p> </a> <div class="rule-10 d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> <article class="mb-xs-3 mb-lg-6"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/02/22/russian-exceptionalism-foundations-of-eurasianism/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-02-22"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/morson_1-022224-900.jpg?w=1680" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt=""> </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Gary Saul Morson</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Russian Exceptionalism</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">After the fall of the USSR, liberalism, considered foreign, was overwhelmed by various types of nationalism, one of which, Eurasianism, seems to have achieved the status of a semiofficial ideology. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-xs-3"> February 22, 2024 issue </p> </a> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-collection"> <div class="article-collection-inner w-100 mb-xs-6 mb-lg-12"> <div class="container position-relative px-0"> <div class="collection-top text-center"> <div class="collection-title h2 pt-xs-2 pb-xs-1 pl-xs-4 pr-xs-4 bg-ny-red color-yellow d-inline-block mb-0">From the Archive: Palestine</div> <div class="collection-top-border border-ny-red pl-lg-2 pr-lg-2"></div> </div> </div> <div class="container position-relative pt-xs-6 pt-lg-8"> <div class="border-wrap border-ny-red pl-lg-2 pr-lg-2"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 mb-xs-3 mb-lg-12"> <article> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2021/11/05/what-apartheid-means-for-israel/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2021-11-08"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/1227951190.jpeg?w=298" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/1227951190.jpeg?w=92 92w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/1227951190.jpeg?w=184 184w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/1227951190.jpeg?w=298 298w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/1227951190.jpeg?w=596 596w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 92px, 298px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="" > </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Tareq Baconi</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">What Apartheid Means for Israel</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">A growing consensus has formed around the term—not as a rhetorical comparison to South Africa, but describing a system of domination built on the partition of Palestine. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray"> November 5, 2021 </p> </a> <div class="rule-article d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 mb-xs-3 mb-lg-12"> <article> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2020/11/06/the-gaza-i-grew-up-in/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2020-11-06"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/1-5a.jpeg?w=298" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/1-5a.jpeg?w=92 92w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/1-5a.jpeg?w=184 184w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/1-5a.jpeg?w=298 298w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/1-5a.jpeg?w=596 596w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 92px, 298px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="" > </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Jehad al-Saftawi</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">The Gaza I Grew Up In</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Working as a photojournalist there is like walking barefoot in a field of thorns. You must always watch where you step. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray"> November 6, 2020 </p> </a> <div class="rule-article d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 mb-xs-3 mb-lg-12"> <article> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2021/03/19/a-day-in-the-life-of-abed-salama/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2021-03-19"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/M3C6837-2-Abed-Salama-holding-Milads-photo-close-up.jpeg?w=298" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/M3C6837-2-Abed-Salama-holding-Milads-photo-close-up.jpeg?w=92 92w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/M3C6837-2-Abed-Salama-holding-Milads-photo-close-up.jpeg?w=184 184w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/M3C6837-2-Abed-Salama-holding-Milads-photo-close-up.jpeg?w=298 298w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/M3C6837-2-Abed-Salama-holding-Milads-photo-close-up.jpeg?w=596 596w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 92px, 298px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="" > </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Nathan Thrall</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">A Day in the Life of Abed Salama</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">One man’s quest to find his son lays bare the reality of Palestinian life under Israeli rule. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray"> March 19, 2021 </p> </a> <div class="rule-article d-lg-none"></div> </article> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 mb-xs-3 mb-lg-12"> <article> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2014/07/26/liberal-zionism-after-gaza/" class="article-card"> <div class="small-thumb-mobile ml-xs-3 ml-lg-0 float-right float-lg-none d-inline-block" > <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Gaza-City-damage.jpg?w=298" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Gaza-City-damage.jpg?w=92 92w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Gaza-City-damage.jpg?w=184 184w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Gaza-City-damage.jpg?w=298 298w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Gaza-City-damage.jpg?w=596 596w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 92px, 298px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="Destroyed houses in the Shejaia neighborhood of Gaza City, July 26, 2014" > </figure> </div> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="color-ny-red text-small hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Jonathan Freedland</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Gaza vs. Liberal Zionism</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Never do liberal Zionists feel more torn than when Israel is at war. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray"> July 26, 2014 </p> </a> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container position-relative"> <div class="collection-bottom text-center"> <div class="pt-xs-4"></div> <div class="collection-bottom-border border-ny-red pl-lg-2 pr-lg-2"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subscribe-cta mb-xs-6 mb-lg-12"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-10 mx-auto"> <div class="pl-xs-4 pr-xs-4 pt-xs-4 pb-xs-4 pl-lg-6 pr-lg-6 pt-lg-6 pb-lg-6 bg-yellow"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <p class="text-xs-22 text-lg-30 color-ny-red font-giza mb-xs-2 mb-lg-0 w-lg-75">Subscribe to our Newsletters</p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <p class="mb-xs-4 mb-lg-3 color-black text-xs-16 text-lg-20">Best of The New York Review, plus books, events, and other items of interest</p> <div class="menu-newsletter"> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_unknown gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' ><div id='gf_17' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'></div><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_17' id='gform_17' action='/politics/international/#gf_17' data-formid='17' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_17' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><li id="field_17_2" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_17_2" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_2'>Email<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_2' id='input_17_2' type='email' value='' class='medium' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></li><li id="field_17_3" class="gfield gfield--type-checkbox gfield--type-choice d-none field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_17_3" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Interests</label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_17_3'>News about upcoming issues, contributors, special events, online features, and more.</div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_checkbox'><ul class='gfield_checkbox' id='input_17_3'><li class='gchoice gchoice_17_3_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_3.1' type='checkbox' value='The New York Review of Books: recent articles and content from nybooks.com' checked='checked' id='choice_17_3_1' aria-describedby="gfield_description_17_3"/> <label for='choice_17_3_1' id='label_17_3_1' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline'>The New York Review of Books: recent articles and content from nybooks.com</label> </li><li class='gchoice gchoice_17_3_2'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_3.2' type='checkbox' value='The Reader's Catalog and NYR Shop: gifts for readers and NYR merchandise offers' checked='checked' id='choice_17_3_2' /> <label for='choice_17_3_2' id='label_17_3_2' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline'>The Reader's Catalog and NYR Shop: gifts for readers and NYR merchandise offers</label> </li><li class='gchoice gchoice_17_3_3'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_3.3' type='checkbox' value='New York Review Books: news and offers about the books we publish' checked='checked' id='choice_17_3_3' /> <label for='choice_17_3_3' id='label_17_3_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline'>New York Review Books: news and offers about the books we publish</label> </li></ul></div></li><li id="field_17_5" class="gfield gfield--type-checkbox gfield--type-choice field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_17_5" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Opt In</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_checkbox'><ul class='gfield_checkbox' id='input_17_5'><li class='gchoice gchoice_17_5_1'> <input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_5.1' type='checkbox' value='I consent to having NYR add my email to their mailing list.' checked='checked' id='choice_17_5_1' /> <label for='choice_17_5_1' id='label_17_5_1' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline'>I consent to having NYR add my email to their mailing list.</label> </li></ul></div></li><li id="field_17_6" class="gfield gfield--type-text field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_17_6" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_6'>Form Source</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_6' id='input_17_6' type='text' value='Subscribe CTA at https://www.nybooks.com/politics/international/' class='medium' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></li><li id="field_17_7" class="gfield gfield--type-captcha field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_17_7" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_7'>CAPTCHA</label><div id='input_17_7' class='ginput_container ginput_recaptcha' data-sitekey='6LfZfQ8aAAAAAAuh5C8xUUn_C__mO7k8Mze_md1Y' data-theme='light' data-tabindex='-1' data-size='invisible' data-badge='bottomright'></div></li></ul></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_17' class='gform_button button' value='Submit' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_17"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_17")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_17")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_17"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_17"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_17")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_17")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_17"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_17").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=17&title=&description=&tabindex=0&theme=legacy' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_17' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='17' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_17' value='WyJbXSIsIjQ1NDkxZTBiZWQ3OGI3ZDczMDAxNTFjZmU0ZDMyMWEzIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='form_source=Subscribe+CTA+at+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fpolitics%2Finternational%2F' /> </div> <p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="71"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_17' id='gform_ajax_frame_17' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'></iframe> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 17, 'https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_17').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_17');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_17').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_17').val();gformInitSpinner( 17, 'https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [17, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_17'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_17').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [17]);window['gf_submitting_17'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_17').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_17').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "17", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_17" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_17"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_17" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [17, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 17, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); /* ]]> */ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div id="category-lander-lower-ad" class="ad-spacing d-flex flex-column inline-banner-ad mb-xs-12"> <p class="text-label-sm mb-xs-2 mt-xs-2 color-gray text-center">Advertisement</p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1600890844418-0" class="mx-auto"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="archive-roll"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 text-center"> <h2 class="color-ny-red section-header text-center mb-xs-6 mb-lg-8 border-yellow border-bottom-3 d-inline-block">The Latest</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row" id="articles"> <div class="col-lg-7 mx-auto"> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/17/the-return-of-trump-vii/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" > <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Posada-28.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Posada-28.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Posada-28.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="The Return of Trump—VII" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/17/the-return-of-trump-vii/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Dahlia Krutkovich, Omer Bartov, Catherine Coleman Flowers, and Joshua Craze</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">The Return of Trump—VII</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">On veterans, fascism, Africa abandoned, and “less-than-kosher activities.” </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> November 17, 2024 </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/12/05/ukraine-divided-tim-judah/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" > <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/judah_1-120524-900.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/judah_1-120524-900.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/judah_1-120524-900.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="Ukraine Divided" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/12/05/ukraine-divided-tim-judah/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Tim Judah</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Ukraine Divided</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Almost three years after the beginning of Russia’s invasion, Ukraine is not defeated, but Russia is not victorious, either. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> December 5, 2024 issue </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/12/05/a-feigned-reluctance-how-not-to-be-a-politician-rory-stewart/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-11-07"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/freedland_1-120524-900.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/freedland_1-120524-900.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/freedland_1-120524-900.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="A Feigned Reluctance" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/12/05/a-feigned-reluctance-how-not-to-be-a-politician-rory-stewart/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Jonathan Freedland</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">A Feigned Reluctance</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Rory Stewart, in his recent memoir, observes with detachment what is ludicrous in politics—even when he’s near the center of it. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> December 5, 2024 issue </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/11/the-climate-finance-racket/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-11-10"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Feature_d02e05.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Feature_d02e05.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Feature_d02e05.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="The Climate Finance Racket" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/11/the-climate-finance-racket/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Adam Hanieh</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">The Climate Finance Racket</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">By investing in climate finance while accelerating fossil fuel production, the Gulf states are playing all sides of the energy market. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> November 11, 2024 </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/09/the-return-of-trump-ii/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" > <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Posada-14.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Posada-14.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Posada-14.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="The Return of Trump—II" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/09/the-return-of-trump-ii/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Rozina Ali, Christopher Benfey, Quinn Slobodian, Walter M. Shaub Jr., Bridget Read, and Jon Allsop</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">The Return of Trump—II</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">On Gaza, trade, con men, sinking feelings, the federal workforce, and “Brexit plus plus plus.” </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> November 9, 2024 </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/02/the-slow-bleeding-out-of-a-country-lebanon/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-11-01 "> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Feature_507cc9.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Feature_507cc9.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Feature_507cc9.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="‘The Slow Bleeding Out of a Country’" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/11/02/the-slow-bleeding-out-of-a-country-lebanon/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Andrew Arsan</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">‘The Slow Bleeding Out of a Country’</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Israel’s assault on Lebanon threatens to render the very conditions of life impossible and hasten the country’s disintegration. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> November 2, 2024 </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/11/21/iran-exposed-christopher-de-bellaigue/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-11-21"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/bellaigue_1-112124-900.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/bellaigue_1-112124-900.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/bellaigue_1-112124-900.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="Iran Exposed" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/11/21/iran-exposed-christopher-de-bellaigue/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Christopher de Bellaigue</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Iran Exposed</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">The Islamic Republic’s sordid proxy war with the West may now be leaving it open to an all-out attack as Israel attempts to eliminate its enemies throughout the region. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> November 21, 2024 issue </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/11/21/homage-to-kharkiv-timothy-garton-ash/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-11-21"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/gartonash_1-112124-900.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/gartonash_1-112124-900.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/gartonash_1-112124-900.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="Homage to Kharkiv" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/11/21/homage-to-kharkiv-timothy-garton-ash/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Timothy Garton Ash</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Homage to Kharkiv</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">In the besieged city, the cost of the remorseless Russian assault is painfully visible despite the Ukrainians’ courage and innovation. </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> November 21, 2024 issue </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/10/28/an-inflection-point-in-sri-lanka/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-10-29"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feature_171c35.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feature_171c35.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feature_171c35.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="An Inflection Point in Sri Lanka" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/10/28/an-inflection-point-in-sri-lanka/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Tisaranee Gunasekara</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">An Inflection Point in Sri Lanka</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">In the aftermath of a protracted economic crisis and a historic popular struggle, a left-wing party has come to power. Can it address the country’s deep-rooted structural issues?  </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> October 28, 2024 </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 mx-auto col-lg-7"> <article class="mb-xs-3 clearfix"> <div class="archive-meta d-lg-flex justify-content-between"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/10/23/fragile-unity-in-south-africa/" class="archive-meta-img order-lg-1 ml-xs-3 ml-lg-12 small-thumb float-right d-inline-block" data-usage-terms="3,60,2024-10-21"> <figure class="border-light-gray embed-responsive-3by2 embed-responsive mb-0"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Gevisser202410_7.jpg?w=330" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Gevisser202410_7.jpg?w=330 330w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Gevisser202410_7.jpg?w=660 660w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 330px, 660px" class="mw-100 embed-responsive-item object-fit-cover" alt="Fragile Unity in South Africa" > </figure> </a> <div class="archive-meta-text order-lg-0"> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/online/2024/10/23/fragile-unity-in-south-africa/" class="article-card"> <div class="text-small mb-xs-1 color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"> <span class="text-small color-ny-red hover-text-ny-red semi-bold"><strong>Mark Gevisser</strong></span> </div> <p class="h4 d-block mb-xs-1 card-title card-title-ny-red">Fragile Unity in South Africa</p> <p class="text-small mb-xs-1 article-card-excerpt">Short of a majority for the first time in three decades, the African National Congress now has to govern with its longtime rival. Will the alliance hold? </p> <p class="text-label color-gray mb-0"> October 23, 2024 </p> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="rule-article mb-xs-3 clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 text-center"> <button id="js-load-older-posts" data-post-ids="[1543664,1535421,1538305,1535967,1532332,1532090,1531883,1524740,1589773,1589158,1589169,1588257,1587653,1586253,1585465,1585071,1584606,1583750]" data-cat-id="18752" class="text-xs-16 button font-giza hover-expand bg-ny-red hover-text-yellow color-yellow d-inline-block mt-lg-9 mt-xs-3"><span>More articles</span></button> <div class="mb-xs-12"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="bookstore w-100 mb-xs-6 mb-lg-12 overflow-hidden"> <div class="container-xl"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 px-0 pl-lg-6 pr-lg-6"> <div class="position-relative"> <div class="bookstore-bg bg-blue"></div> <div class="bg-blue color-yellow pt-xs-8 pl-xs-3 pl-lg-8 pr-xs-3 pr-lg-8 position-relative"> <div class="bookstore-top w-100 mx-auto text-center"> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" class="bookstore-logo mb-xs-4 text-center d-block" target="_blank"> <span class="sr-only">Bookstore link</span> <svg width="654" height="50" viewBox="0 0 654 50" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="mw-100"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M94.0711 50C111.561 50 118.478 38.834 118.478 25C118.478 11.166 111.561 0 94.0711 0H26.2846C8.79447 0 0 11.166 0 25C0 38.7352 8.79447 50 26.2846 50H94.0711ZM89.3266 22.8263C90.216 20.5536 91.8958 19.0713 94.0697 19.0713C97.7258 19.0713 99.5045 22.0358 99.5045 25.8895C99.5045 29.6445 97.8247 32.7077 94.0697 32.7077C91.8958 32.7077 90.1172 31.2255 89.3266 28.9528V22.8263ZM89.0302 31.4231C90.4136 33.3994 92.5875 34.5852 95.0579 34.5852C99.6033 34.5852 103.259 30.6326 103.259 25.8895C103.259 21.1464 99.6033 17.1939 95.0579 17.1939C92.6863 17.1939 90.71 18.2808 89.2278 19.9607V4.54565L82.1132 5.73143V6.71957C85.2753 6.71957 85.8681 7.51008 85.8681 12.2532V34.5852H86.8563L89.0302 31.4231ZM31.5203 17.1938C35.7693 17.1938 37.6468 20.2571 37.6468 24.2096V27.1741C37.6468 31.9171 38.2397 32.7077 41.4018 32.7077V33.6958H30.5322V32.7077C33.5954 32.7077 34.2871 31.9171 34.2871 27.1741V24.4073C34.2871 21.344 33.2002 19.3677 30.3346 19.3677C27.7654 19.3677 24.8998 21.5417 24.8998 24.1108V27.1741C24.8998 32.016 25.295 32.7077 28.2595 32.7077V33.6958H17.7852V32.7077C20.9472 32.7077 21.5401 31.9171 21.5401 27.1741V24.8025C21.5401 20.0594 20.9472 19.2689 17.7852 19.2689V18.2808L24.1093 17.095C24.3069 17.5891 24.801 19.4666 24.8998 20.5535C26.1844 18.9725 28.3583 17.1938 31.5203 17.1938ZM47.5282 39.4269L49.8997 33.4981L44.3661 21.7392C43.378 19.6641 42.6863 18.9724 41.2041 18.9724V17.9842H49.6033V18.9724C47.5282 18.9724 47.0341 19.4665 48.1211 21.7392L51.5796 29.3479L54.6428 21.7392C55.5321 19.5653 55.2357 18.9724 53.2594 18.9724V17.9842H59.88V18.9724C58.3978 18.9724 57.4096 19.6641 56.5203 21.7392L47.2317 44.8617C46.8365 45.8499 46.2436 46.6404 45.4531 46.6404C44.7614 46.6404 43.8721 46.2451 43.8721 45.0593C43.9183 44.1813 44.3968 43.7139 45.0447 43.0809C45.7822 42.3605 46.7392 41.4257 47.5282 39.4269ZM76.382 20.6523C76.382 21.5417 77.1725 22.3322 78.0619 22.3322C79.4453 22.3322 79.9393 21.1464 79.9393 20.0594C79.9393 18.8737 78.7536 17.095 76.1844 17.095C74.3069 17.095 72.2318 18.676 71.2437 20.5535C71.1449 19.4666 70.6508 17.5891 70.4532 17.095L64.1291 18.2808V19.2689C67.2911 19.2689 67.884 20.0594 67.884 24.8025V27.1741C67.884 31.9171 67.2911 32.7077 64.1291 32.7077V33.6958H74.9986V32.7077C71.8366 32.7077 71.2437 31.9171 71.2437 27.1741V24.6049C71.2437 20.85 73.8129 19.0713 74.8998 19.0713C75.7891 19.0713 76.382 19.6642 76.382 20.6523Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M151.481 21.344V34.2886H150.394L137.943 20.7511V28.1621C137.943 31.9171 138.437 32.6088 141.402 32.6088V33.5969H132.805V32.6088C135.769 32.6088 136.263 31.9171 136.263 28.1621V21.344C136.263 17.589 135.769 16.8973 132.805 16.8973V15.9092H138.042L149.801 28.6562V21.4428C149.801 17.6878 149.307 16.9961 146.342 16.9961V16.008H154.939V16.9961C151.975 16.8973 151.481 17.589 151.481 21.344Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M179.15 20.9485H178.26L177.964 19.9604C177.47 18.1817 176.877 17.5888 173.122 17.5888H170.158V23.5177C174.308 23.5177 174.604 23.1224 174.604 20.3556H175.592V28.2608H174.604C174.604 25.494 174.308 25.0987 170.158 25.0987V27.5691C170.158 31.324 170.652 32.0157 173.418 32.0157H174.209C177.964 32.0157 178.557 31.4228 179.051 29.6442L179.347 28.656H180.138L179.841 33.6956H163.043V32.7074C166.007 32.7074 166.501 32.0157 166.501 28.2608V21.4426C166.501 17.6877 166.007 16.996 163.043 16.996V16.0078H178.853L179.15 20.9485Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M211.66 20.4548L206.621 34.2888H205.633L201.285 21.937L196.739 34.2888H195.85L190.909 20.4548C189.921 17.688 189.229 16.8975 186.66 16.8975V15.9094H196.838V16.8975C194.269 16.8975 193.676 17.688 194.466 19.8619L197.332 27.6683L201.68 15.8105H202.866L207.115 27.7671L209.98 19.8619C210.771 17.688 210.376 16.8975 207.708 16.8975V15.9094H216.107V16.8975C213.241 16.8975 212.648 17.7868 211.66 20.4548Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M250.097 20.5534L245.848 26.3835V28.1621C245.848 31.9171 246.342 32.6088 249.307 32.6088V33.5969H238.734V32.6088C241.698 32.6088 242.192 31.9171 242.192 28.1621V26.3835L237.943 20.5534C235.967 17.7866 235.077 16.8973 232.805 16.8973V15.9092H243.081V16.8973C240.413 16.8973 240.216 17.6878 241.698 19.8617L245.058 24.4072L248.319 19.8617C249.9 17.6878 249.801 16.8973 247.034 16.8973V15.9092H255.433V16.8973C252.963 16.8973 252.073 17.7866 250.097 20.5534Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M271.441 34.3872C265.611 34.3872 260.77 30.0394 260.77 24.8023C260.77 19.5651 265.611 15.2173 271.441 15.2173C277.272 15.2173 282.113 19.5651 282.113 24.8023C282.113 30.0394 277.272 34.3872 271.441 34.3872ZM271.441 16.8971C266.501 16.8971 264.821 21.3438 264.821 24.8023C264.821 28.3596 266.501 32.7074 271.441 32.7074C276.382 32.7074 278.161 28.3596 278.161 24.8023C278.161 21.245 276.382 16.8971 271.441 16.8971Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M297.431 26.2847V28.1621C297.431 31.9171 297.925 32.6088 300.89 32.6088V33.5969H290.316V32.6088C293.281 32.6088 293.775 31.9171 293.775 28.1621V21.344C293.775 17.589 293.281 16.8973 290.316 16.8973V15.9092H299.704C304.447 15.9092 306.917 18.1819 306.917 21.0475C306.917 23.4191 305.139 25.4942 301.878 26.087L304.348 28.755C306.522 31.1266 308.004 32.3123 310.277 32.6088V33.5969H304.348L298.419 26.1859H297.431V26.2847ZM299.605 17.4902H297.431V24.6048H299.605C301.977 24.6048 303.063 22.925 303.063 21.0475C303.063 19.17 301.977 17.4902 299.605 17.4902Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M327.37 16.8971C324.406 16.8971 323.911 17.49 323.911 21.3438V23.7153L328.852 19.8616C331.718 17.6877 331.718 16.996 329.346 16.996V16.0078H338.042V16.996C335.67 16.996 334.386 17.8853 330.828 20.6521L327.271 23.4189L334.188 28.9525C337.548 31.6205 338.931 32.7074 340.611 32.7074V33.6956H329.84V32.7074C332.113 32.8062 332.607 31.9169 330.038 29.8418L324.801 25.3952L323.911 26.0869V28.2608C323.911 32.0157 324.406 32.7074 327.37 32.7074V33.6956H316.797V32.7074C319.761 32.7074 320.255 32.0157 320.255 28.2608V21.4426C320.255 17.6877 319.761 16.996 316.797 16.996V16.0078H327.37V16.8971Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M366.005 26.2847V28.1621C366.005 31.9171 366.499 32.6088 369.464 32.6088V33.5969H358.891V32.6088C361.855 32.6088 362.349 31.9171 362.349 28.1621V21.344C362.349 17.589 361.855 16.8973 358.891 16.8973V15.9092H368.278C372.922 15.9092 375.491 18.1819 375.491 21.0475C375.491 23.4191 373.713 25.4942 370.452 26.087L372.922 28.755C375.096 31.1266 376.578 32.3123 378.851 32.6088V33.5969H372.922L366.993 26.1859H366.005V26.2847ZM368.278 17.4902H366.104V24.6048H368.278C370.65 24.6048 371.736 22.925 371.736 21.0475C371.736 19.17 370.65 17.4902 368.278 17.4902Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M400.888 20.9485H399.999L399.702 19.9604C399.208 18.1817 398.615 17.5888 394.86 17.5888H391.896V23.5177C396.046 23.5177 396.343 23.1224 396.343 20.3556H397.331V28.2608H396.343C396.343 25.494 396.046 25.0987 391.896 25.0987V27.5691C391.896 31.324 392.39 32.0157 395.157 32.0157H395.947C399.702 32.0157 400.295 31.4228 400.789 29.6442L401.086 28.656H401.876L401.58 33.6956H384.781V32.7074C387.746 32.7074 388.24 32.0157 388.24 28.2608V21.4426C388.24 17.6877 387.746 16.996 384.781 16.996V16.0078H400.493L400.888 20.9485Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M426.678 20.4546L420.156 34.2886H419.168L412.745 20.4546C411.461 17.589 410.868 16.8973 408.496 16.8973V15.9092H418.773V16.8973C415.71 16.8973 415.413 17.7867 416.401 19.8617L420.65 28.9527L424.899 19.8617C425.887 17.6878 425.887 16.8973 422.627 16.8973V15.9092H431.125V16.8973C428.457 16.8973 428.061 17.589 426.678 20.4546Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M437.352 33.6956V32.7074C440.316 32.7074 440.81 32.0157 440.81 28.2608V21.4426C440.81 17.6877 440.316 16.996 437.352 16.996V16.0078H447.925V16.996C444.96 16.996 444.466 17.5888 444.466 21.4426V28.2608C444.466 32.0157 444.96 32.7074 447.925 32.7074V33.6956H437.352Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M472.431 20.9485H471.542L471.245 19.9604C470.751 18.1817 470.158 17.5888 466.403 17.5888H463.439V23.5177C467.589 23.5177 467.885 23.1224 467.885 20.3556H468.874V28.2608H467.885C467.885 25.494 467.589 25.0987 463.439 25.0987V27.5691C463.439 31.324 463.933 32.0157 466.7 32.0157H467.49C471.245 32.0157 471.838 31.4228 472.332 29.6442L472.629 28.656H473.419L473.123 33.6956H456.324V32.7074C459.289 32.7074 459.783 32.0157 459.783 28.2608V21.4426C459.783 17.6877 459.289 16.996 456.324 16.996V16.0078H472.036L472.431 20.9485Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M503.359 20.4548L498.32 34.2888H497.332L492.984 21.937L488.438 34.2888H487.549L482.608 20.4548C481.62 17.688 480.929 16.8975 478.359 16.8975V15.9094H488.537V16.8975C485.968 16.8975 485.375 17.688 486.166 19.8619L489.031 27.6683L493.379 15.8105H494.565L498.814 27.7671L501.68 19.8619C502.47 17.688 502.075 16.8975 499.407 16.8975V15.9094H507.806V16.8975C504.94 16.8975 504.348 17.7868 503.359 20.4548Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M526.578 32.6088C529.543 32.6088 530.037 31.9171 530.037 28.1621V21.344C530.037 17.589 529.543 16.8973 526.578 16.8973V15.9092H536.163C540.412 15.9092 542.586 17.9843 542.586 20.5534C542.586 21.838 541.993 23.0238 541.005 23.9131C543.08 24.8025 544.167 26.5811 544.167 28.5574C544.167 31.423 541.697 33.6957 536.954 33.6957H526.578V32.6088ZM535.965 17.4902H533.792V23.4191H535.965C537.942 23.4191 538.831 22.0357 538.831 20.4546C538.831 18.9724 537.942 17.4902 535.965 17.4902ZM536.954 25.0989H533.792V29.2491C533.792 31.6206 534.088 32.0159 536.262 32.0159H537.052C539.325 32.0159 540.511 30.4349 540.511 28.5574C540.412 26.6799 539.226 25.0989 536.954 25.0989Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M562.152 34.3872C556.322 34.3872 551.48 30.0394 551.48 24.8023C551.48 19.5651 556.322 15.2173 562.152 15.2173C567.982 15.2173 572.824 19.5651 572.824 24.8023C572.824 30.0394 568.081 34.3872 562.152 34.3872ZM562.152 16.8971C557.212 16.8971 555.532 21.3438 555.532 24.8023C555.532 28.3596 557.212 32.7074 562.152 32.7074C567.093 32.7074 568.872 28.3596 568.872 24.8023C568.872 21.245 567.192 16.8971 562.152 16.8971Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M591.008 34.3877C585.178 34.3877 580.336 30.0399 580.336 24.8028C580.336 19.5656 585.178 15.2178 591.008 15.2178C596.838 15.2178 601.68 19.5656 601.68 24.8028C601.68 30.0399 596.838 34.3877 591.008 34.3877ZM591.008 16.8976C586.067 16.8976 584.387 21.3443 584.387 24.8028C584.387 28.3601 586.067 32.7079 591.008 32.7079C595.949 32.7079 597.727 28.3601 597.727 24.8028C597.628 21.2454 595.949 16.8976 591.008 16.8976Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M619.167 16.8971C616.202 16.8971 615.708 17.49 615.708 21.3438V23.7153L620.649 19.8616C623.515 17.6877 623.515 16.996 621.143 16.996V16.0078H629.839V16.996C627.467 16.996 626.183 17.8853 622.625 20.6521L619.068 23.4189L625.985 28.9525C629.345 31.6205 630.728 32.7074 632.408 32.7074V33.6956H621.637V32.7074C623.91 32.8062 624.404 31.9169 621.835 29.8418L616.598 25.3952L615.708 26.0869V28.2608C615.708 32.0157 616.202 32.7074 619.167 32.7074V33.6956H608.594V32.7074C611.558 32.7074 612.052 32.0157 612.052 28.2608V21.4426C612.052 17.6877 611.558 16.996 608.594 16.996V16.0078H619.167V16.8971Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> <path d="M647.529 34.3874C645.355 34.3874 643.577 33.3005 642.687 32.6088C642.391 32.9052 641.897 33.6957 641.798 34.3874H640.81V26.9764H641.897C642.292 30.5337 644.762 32.6088 647.924 32.6088C649.604 32.6088 650.988 31.6206 650.988 30.0396C650.988 28.6562 649.802 27.5692 647.529 26.5811L644.466 25.0989C642.292 24.1107 640.711 22.3321 640.711 19.9606C640.711 17.3914 643.082 15.2175 646.442 15.2175C648.221 15.2175 649.703 15.8104 650.592 16.6009C650.889 16.4032 651.086 15.8104 651.284 15.1187H652.272V21.4428H651.185C650.79 18.9724 649.407 16.8973 646.64 16.8973C645.158 16.8973 643.774 17.7866 643.774 19.0712C643.774 20.4546 644.861 21.2451 647.43 22.3321L650.395 23.8143C652.964 25.0001 653.952 26.9764 653.952 28.6562C654.051 32.0159 651.185 34.3874 647.529 34.3874Z" fill="#FFD35B"/> </svg> </a> <p class="pb-xs-6 mb-0">The latest releases from New York Review Books</p> <div class="bookstore-button"> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class="button text-small font-giza bg-yellow color-blue hover-text-blue hover-expand d-none d-lg-inline-block"> <span>Shop Now</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <style> .bookstore-img-wrap:before { display: block; content: ""; width: 100%; padding-top: calc( 280 / 175 * 100%); } </style> <div class="d-lg-flex pl-xs-3 pl-lg-8 pr-xs-3 pr-lg-8 books-slider"> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/products/distant-ruptures?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class="mr-xs-4 mr-lg-6 bookstore-flex-item flex-grow-1 d-flex flex-column text-decoration-none hover-text-blue"> <span class="sr-only">Distant Ruptures</span> <div class="bookstore-img-wrap position-relative mb-xs-2"> <div class="bookstore-img-inner"> <div class="shadow-wrap"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Distant-Ruptures_175px.jpg?w=192" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Distant-Ruptures_175px.jpg?w=145 145w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Distant-Ruptures_175px.jpg?w=192 192w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Distant-Ruptures_175px.jpg?w=384 384w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 145px, 192px" class="align-self-end bookstore-img" alt="" > </div> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 text-xs semi-bold">Distant Ruptures</p> <p class="mb-0 text-xs">CF</p> </a> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/products/all-in-line?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class="mr-xs-4 mr-lg-6 bookstore-flex-item flex-grow-1 d-flex flex-column text-decoration-none hover-text-blue"> <span class="sr-only">All in Line</span> <div class="bookstore-img-wrap position-relative mb-xs-2"> <div class="bookstore-img-inner"> <div class="shadow-wrap"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/All-in-Line_175px.jpg?w=192" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/All-in-Line_175px.jpg?w=145 145w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/All-in-Line_175px.jpg?w=192 192w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/All-in-Line_175px.jpg?w=384 384w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 145px, 192px" class="align-self-end bookstore-img" alt="" > </div> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 text-xs semi-bold">All in Line</p> <p class="mb-0 text-xs">Saul Steinberg</p> </a> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/products/the-picture-not-taken?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class="mr-xs-4 mr-lg-6 bookstore-flex-item flex-grow-1 d-flex flex-column text-decoration-none hover-text-blue"> <span class="sr-only">The Picture Not Taken</span> <div class="bookstore-img-wrap position-relative mb-xs-2"> <div class="bookstore-img-inner"> <div class="shadow-wrap"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/The-Picture-Not-Taken_175px.jpg?w=192" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/The-Picture-Not-Taken_175px.jpg?w=145 145w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/The-Picture-Not-Taken_175px.jpg?w=192 192w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/The-Picture-Not-Taken_175px.jpg?w=384 384w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 145px, 192px" class="align-self-end bookstore-img" alt="" > </div> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 text-xs semi-bold">The Picture Not Taken</p> <p class="mb-0 text-xs">Benjamin Swett</p> </a> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/products/granny-cloud?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class="mr-xs-4 mr-lg-6 bookstore-flex-item flex-grow-1 d-flex flex-column text-decoration-none hover-text-blue"> <span class="sr-only">Granny Cloud</span> <div class="bookstore-img-wrap position-relative mb-xs-2"> <div class="bookstore-img-inner"> <div class="shadow-wrap"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Granny-Cloud_175px.jpg?w=192" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Granny-Cloud_175px.jpg?w=145 145w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Granny-Cloud_175px.jpg?w=192 192w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Granny-Cloud_175px.jpg?w=384 384w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 145px, 192px" class="align-self-end bookstore-img" alt="" > </div> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 text-xs semi-bold">Granny Cloud</p> <p class="mb-0 text-xs">Farnoosh Fathi</p> </a> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/products/waiting-for-the-fear?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class="mr-xs-4 mr-lg-6 bookstore-flex-item flex-grow-1 d-flex flex-column text-decoration-none hover-text-blue"> <span class="sr-only">Waiting for the Fear</span> <div class="bookstore-img-wrap position-relative mb-xs-2"> <div class="bookstore-img-inner"> <div class="shadow-wrap"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Waiting-for-the-Fear_175px.jpg?w=192" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Waiting-for-the-Fear_175px.jpg?w=145 145w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Waiting-for-the-Fear_175px.jpg?w=192 192w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Waiting-for-the-Fear_175px.jpg?w=384 384w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 145px, 192px" class="align-self-end bookstore-img" alt="" > </div> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 text-xs semi-bold">Waiting for the Fear</p> <p class="mb-0 text-xs">Oğuz Atay</p> </a> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/products/seeing-further?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class=" bookstore-flex-item flex-grow-1 d-flex flex-column text-decoration-none hover-text-blue"> <span class="sr-only">Seeing Further</span> <div class="bookstore-img-wrap position-relative mb-xs-2"> <div class="bookstore-img-inner"> <div class="shadow-wrap"> <img src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Seeing-Further_175px.jpg?w=192" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Seeing-Further_175px.jpg?w=145 145w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Seeing-Further_175px.jpg?w=192 192w, https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Seeing-Further_175px.jpg?w=384 384w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 145px, 192px" class="align-self-end bookstore-img" alt="" > </div> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 text-xs semi-bold">Seeing Further</p> <p class="mb-0 text-xs">Esther Kinsky</p> </a> </div> <div class="d-flex d-lg-none justify-content-center mt-xs-3 mt-lg-7"> <a href="https://www.nyrb.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget?utm_source=website&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=nybooks_widget" target="_blank" class="button text-small font-giza bg-yellow color-blue hover-text-blue hover-expand"> <span>Shop Now</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="toast-cta w-100 bg-white shadow to-activate"> <div class="pb-xs-3 pt-xs-3 position-relative"> <div class="toast-close"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.85752 12.21L2.29256 19.7172L0 17.4422L7.56496 9.93495L0.131114 2.55785L2.42368 0.282783L9.85752 7.65988L17.5763 0L19.8689 2.27506L12.1501 9.93495L20 17.7249L17.7074 20L9.85752 12.21Z" fill="#990101"/> </svg> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="short-width mx-auto position-relative"> <img class="toast-img" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Sub_PrintDigital_FREEcalendar_7_2024.png" alt="New York Review subscription offer with free calendar"> <p class="font-giza mb-xs-3 color-ny-red text-xs-22 pr-xs-10">Give the gift they’ll open all year.</p> <p class="text-xs-16">Save 65% off the regular rate and over 75% off the cover price <em>and</em> receive a free 2025 calendar!</p> <div class="text-xs pr-xs-6 z-index-10 d-flex align-items-center"> <a href="https://subscribe.nybooks.com/ecom/nyb/app/live/subscriptions?org=NYB&publ=NY&key_code=7PKXHPB&type=S&gift_key=7PKXHPB" class="button font-giza bg-ny-red color-white hover-text-white hover-expand sign-in-subscribe text-xs-16 mr-xs-3"><span>Give a gift</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="bg-black color-white pt-xs-6 pt-lg-10"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <p class="text-xs-24 text-lg-30 font-giza mb-xs-3">Subscribe to our Newsletters</p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="mb-xs-6 mb-lg-3 text-xs-16 text-lg-20 footer-newsletter-text"><p>Best of <em>The New York Review</em>, plus books, events, and other items of interest. Or, see all newsletter options <a href="/newsletter/">here</a>.</p> </div> <div class="menu-newsletter mb-xs-6" data-form-source="Footer Signup"> <form class="newsletter-trigger"> <div class="newsletter-trigger__wrapper"> <label for="email" class="sr-only">Email Address</label> <input type="email" class="newsletter-trigger__input bg-transparent w-100 pt-xs-3 pb-xs-3" id="email" placeholder="Enter your email address"> <div class="newsletter-trigger__submit"> <button type="submit" class="button">Continue</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="col-12"> <div class="rule-white mb-xs-6"></div> </div> <div class="col-12 d-none d-lg-block"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between font-giza text-small"> <div class="footer-left-links"> <a class="pl-0 pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block" href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/" title=""> <span>About Us</span> </a> <a class=" pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block" href="https://www.nybooks.com/archive/" title=""> <span>Archive</span> </a> <a class=" pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block" href="https://www.nybooks.com/classifieds/" title=""> <span>Classifieds</span> </a> <a class=" pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block" href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/advertising/" title=""> <span>Advertising</span> </a> <a class=" pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block" href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/faq/" title=""> <span>Help/FAQ</span> </a> <a class=" pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block" href="https://www.nybooks.com/newsletter/" title=""> <span>Newsletters</span> </a> <a class="pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block d-lg-none" href="https://shop.nybooks.com/" target="blank"> <span>Shop Literary Gifts</span> </a> <a class=" mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-inline-block d-lg-none" href="http://www.nyrb.com/" target="blank"> <span>Shop NYRB Classics</span> </a> </div> <div class="footer-right-links"> <a class="mr-xs-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-none d-lg-inline-block" href="https://shop.nybooks.com/" target="blank"> <span>Shop Literary Gifts</span> </a> <a class=" mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-border-white d-none d-lg-inline-block" href="http://www.nyrb.com/" target="blank"> <span>Shop NYRB Classics</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 d-lg-none"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-6"> <a class="pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-underline d-block font-giza text-small" href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/" title="">About Us</a> <a class="pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-underline d-block font-giza text-small" href="https://www.nybooks.com/archive/" title="">Archive</a> <a class="pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-underline d-block font-giza text-small" href="https://www.nybooks.com/classifieds/" title="">Classifieds</a> <a class="pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-underline d-block font-giza text-small" href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/advertising/" title="">Advertising</a> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a class="pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-underline d-block font-giza text-small" href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/faq/" title="">Help/FAQ</a> <a class="pr-lg-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white hover-underline d-block font-giza text-small" href="https://www.nybooks.com/newsletter/" title="">Newsletters</a> <a class="mr-xs-6 mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white d-block font-giza text-small d-lg-none" href="https://shop.nybooks.com/" target="_blank"> <span class="color-white hover-underline">Shop Literary Gifts</span> </a> <a class=" mb-xs-5 mb-lg-6 hover-text-white d-block font-giza text-small d-lg-none" href="http://www.nyrb.com/" target="_blank"> <span class="color-white hover-underline">Shop NYRB Classics</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 pb-xs-6"> <div class="rule-white mb-xs-4"></div> <p class="text-label color-gray d-lg-inline-block mr-lg-6 mb-0">© 1963-2024 NYREV, Inc. All rights reserved.</p> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/about/terms-of-service/" class="mr-xs-6 text-label color-gray hover-text-white">Terms of Service</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/privacy/" class="mr-xs-6 text-label color-gray hover-text-white">Privacy Statement</a> <a href="https://subscribe.nybooks.com/ecom/nyb/app/live/subcustserv?org=NYB&publ=NY&php=y" class="mr-xs-6 text-label color-gray hover-text-white">Subscription Customer Service</a> <a href="https://www.nybooks.com/accessibility-statement/" class="mr-xs-6 text-label color-gray hover-text-white">Accessibility Statement</a> <span class="text-label color-gray float-lg-right d-block d-lg-inline-block mt-xs-1 mt-lg-0">Site by <a href="http://athleticsnyc.com/" target="_blank" class="text-label color-gray hover-text-white text-underline">Athletics</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script> var NYRBSearch = { "nonce": "2e40fb9d7a" }; </script> <div id="search-dev-tools-portal"></div> <style> .single .paywall-article { display: none; } </style><script type="text/javascript" id="leaky_paywall_cookie_js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var leaky_paywall_cookie_ajax = {"ajaxurl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","post_container":".paywall-article","page_container":".page-content","lead_in_elements":"5"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="leaky_paywall_validate-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var leaky_paywall_validate_ajax = {"ajaxurl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","register_nonce":"e9ad99d91d"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="leaky_paywall_script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var leaky_paywall_script_ajax = {"ajaxurl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","stripe_pk":"","apple_pay":"no"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nybooks.com/_static/??-eJydkM0KwjAQhF/IdttaMRfxUWRNF026+SGbWvL2Rm96qsKchu9jYGCNjQ4+k88QebkZL8CEc2kilhWZwUpNZcJsqLWygy3GR/Gr7IxOwYUJuXXG/7n5QDYT5u2ropOJ+RvPd3Ik4Eu6XoZu6ABFKL8ueXcVP7tTf9z346gOStkn07t88w==" ></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202448.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"195950105\",\"post\":\"56348\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"www.nybooks.com\",\"hp\":\"vip\",\"j\":\"1:13.9.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "195950105", "56348" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nybooks.com/_static/??/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js,/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?m=1732206023j" ></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nybooks.com/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=3156534cc54473497e14" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"076555de012db4bc6d33db32e4e15e62","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nybooks.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9EvyClNz8wr1k8vSizLLKlMyy/KLdbPAqLC0tSiSr2s4vw8vdzMPCBDR58Ibch8qD77XFtDc2MDYyNDAzPDLAC0xC4z" ></script><script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?hl=en&ver=6.7.1#038;render=explicit" id="gform_recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"076555de012db4bc6d33db32e4e15e62"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nybooks.com/_static/??-eJydzMsKwjAQheEXMh0vYMlCfBQpybRO7ExCZtLi2ytCly50eeD8H6zFhSyGYlDmNpEoTHVYyJ5jrqwwqKIpJIVIatCMZu2YpEu6gx/jBSXm6uyOjP8aGioV0+8IN7c5w4OU0eBGErbhxvo5xnd35cuhP+299/35mF7ft2TE" ></script><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() { jQuery(document).on('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 17) {} } );jQuery(document).on('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ) } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "17", currentPage: "1", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_17" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_17"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_17" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [17, 1] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 17, currentPage: 1 } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } ); /* ]]> */ </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

International | The New York Review of Books