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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">乳果糖</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。40种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2" title="لاكتولوز – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاكتولوز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2" title="لاکتولوز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاکتولوز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лактулоза – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лактулоза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ляктулёза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ляктулёза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лактулоза – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лактулоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulosa" title="Lactulosa – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lactulosa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactwlos" title="Lactwlos – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lactwlos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lactulose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lactulose" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulosa" title="Lactulosa – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lactulosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktulosa" title="Laktulosa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laktulosa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2" title="لاکتولوز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاکتولوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktuloosi" title="Laktuloosi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laktuloosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lactulose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%96" title="לקטולוז – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לקטולוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktul%C3%B3z" title="Laktulóz – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Laktulóz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A1" title="Լակտուլոզա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լակտուլոզա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktulosa" title="Laktulosa – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laktulosa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattulosio" title="Lattulosio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lattulosio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%84%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="ラクツロース – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラクツロース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BD%ED%88%B4%EB%A1%9C%EC%98%A4%EC%A6%88" title="락툴로오즈 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="락툴로오즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktulos" title="Laktulos – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Laktulos" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktulosa" title="Laktulosa – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Laktulosa" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лактулоза – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лактулоза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lactulose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9C" title="ଲାକ୍ଟୁଲୋଜ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାକ୍ଟୁଲୋଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktuloza" title="Laktuloza – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Laktuloza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lactulose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactuloz%C4%83" title="Lactuloză – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lactuloză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лактулоза – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лактулоза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktuloza" title="Laktuloza – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Laktuloza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lactulose" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktuloza" title="Laktuloza – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Laktuloza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktulosa" title="Laktulosa – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Laktulosa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktulos" title="Laktulos – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Laktulos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="லாக்டுலோஸ் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லாக்டுலோஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA" title="แล็กทูโลส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แล็กทูโลส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лактулоза – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лактулоза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lactulose" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96" title="乳果糖 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乳果糖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B9%25B3%25E6%259E%259C%25E7%25B3%2596"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B9%25B3%25E6%259E%259C%25E7%25B3%2596"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lactulose" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q422689" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_life_caution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/20px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/30px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/40px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="190" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="维基百科">维基百科</a>中的醫學内容<b>仅供参考</b>，並<b>不能</b>視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:医学声明">醫學聲明</a></b>。</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="國際非專利藥名（INN）：乳果糖">乳果糖</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lactulose_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lactulose_structure.svg/300px-Lactulose_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lactulose_structure.svg/450px-Lactulose_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lactulose_structure.svg/600px-Lactulose_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lactulose_ball-and-stick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lactulose_ball-and-stick.png/300px-Lactulose_ball-and-stick.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lactulose_ball-and-stick.png/450px-Lactulose_ball-and-stick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Lactulose_ball-and-stick.png/600px-Lactulose_ball-and-stick.png 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1319" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">臨床資料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;">读音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/：後面為主重音">ˈ</span><span title="「lie」的「l」音">l</span><span title="/æ/：「bad」的「a」音">æ</span><span title="「kind」的「k」音">k</span><span title="「tie」的「t」音">t</span><span title="/j/：「yes」的「y」音">j</span><span title="/ʊ/：「push」的「u」音">ʊ</span><span title="「lie」的「l」音">l</span><span title="/oʊ/：「code」的「o」音">oʊ</span><span title="「zoom」的「z」音">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥物命名法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drug nomenclature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藥物命名法（页面不存在）">商品名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_nomenclature" class="extiw" title="en:Drug nomenclature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drug nomenclature</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">杜密克、Cholac、Generlac、Consulose 等</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國衛生系統藥師協會">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lactulose.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682338.html">a682338</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%99%E8%8D%AF%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84" title="给药途径">给药途径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">口服</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="解剖学治疗学及化学分类系统">ATC碼</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81_(A06)" title="ATC代码 (A06)">A06AD11</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A06AD11">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">法律規範狀態</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84" title="醫療產品法律規範">法律規範</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr title="英国">英</abbr>：</small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%AF%E6%88%BF%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="药房药品（页面不存在）">药房药品</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="药物代谢动力学">藥物動力學</a>數據</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%A6" title="生物利用度">生物利用度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">吸收率低</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="药物代谢">药物代谢</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">100%在结肠内被肠道细菌代谢</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥效起始時間" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Onset of action"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E6%95%88%E8%B5%B7%E5%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E9%96%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藥效起始時間（页面不存在）">藥效起始時間</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onset_of_action" class="extiw" title="en:Onset of action"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Onset of action</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">8至48小时<sup id="cite_ref-Gold2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Helm2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="生物半衰期">生物半衰期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.7-2 小时</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%B3%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="排泄作用">排泄途徑</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">粪便</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">识别信息</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC命名法">IUPAC命名法</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">4-O-β-<small>D</small>-Galactopyranosyl-β-<small>D</small>-fructofuranose<br />OR<br />(2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>,5<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-2-((2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>,5<i>R</i>)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran-3,4,5-triol</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;"></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=4618-18-2">4618-18-2</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11333">11333</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00581">DB00581</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10856.html">10856</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E6%A8%99%E8%AD%98" title="特殊成分標識">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/9U7D5QH5AE">9U7D5QH5AE</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00352">D00352</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:6359">CHEBI:6359</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL296306">ChEMBL296306</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CompTox化学品仪表板" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CompTox%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E4%BB%AA%E8%A1%A8%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompTox化学品仪表板（页面不存在）">CompTox Dashboard</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" class="extiw" title="en:CompTox Chemicals Dashboard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CompTox Chemicals Dashboard</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="美国国家环境保护局">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5045833">DTXSID5045833</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422689#P3117" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%81%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="歐洲化學品管理局"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.022.752">100.022.752</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422689#P2566" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">化学信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>12</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>22</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>11</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">342.296 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;">3D模型（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="JSmol" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="JSmol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JSmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSmol（页面不存在）">JSmol</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSmol" class="extiw" title="en:JSmol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">JSmol</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%5BC%40H%5D2%5BC%40H%5D%28O%5BC%40%40H%5D1O%5BC%40H%5D%28CO%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29%5BC%40H%5D1O%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%5BC%40%5D2%28O%29CO%29CO">交互式图像</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" title="简化分子线性输入规范">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O[C@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O[C@]2(O)CO)CO</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12-/m1/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>乳果糖</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Lactulose</span>）是一种不会被吸收的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96" title="糖">糖</a>，用来治疗<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E7%A7%98" title="便秘">便秘</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%80%E6%B0%A8%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高血氨症（页面不存在）">高血氨症</a><sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ham2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ham2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當治疗便秘時須以口服給藥，治疗高血氨症引发的肝性脑病时則可以口服或直肠给药<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。乳果糖通常在口服8-12小时后起效，但是治疗便秘时則可能需要2天的时间<sup id="cite_ref-Gold2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Helm2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>乳果糖常见的副作用包含<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E8%83%80" class="mw-redirect" title="腹胀">腹胀</a>和腹部绞痛。本品也可能引發<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E7%80%89" title="腹瀉">腹瀉</a>，進而导致<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="電解質不平衡">电解質平衡問題</a>。目前没有证据表明<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0" title="妊娠">妊娠</a>期間用藥对胎儿有影响<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，哺乳期間用藥也被認為是安全的<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。本品被分类为渗透通便的药物<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>乳果糖最早於1929年被首次合成，1950年代後開始用於藥療用途<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。本品列名於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%95" title="世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单">世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单</a>，為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2015E_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015E-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。乳果糖為<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%90%8D%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="通用名药物">學名藥</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ham2013_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ham2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，每劑批發價約 0.18 美金<sup id="cite_ref-Lactulose_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lactulose-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在美國30劑液劑約值20美金<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。本品由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="乳糖">乳糖</a>製成<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gold2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gold2006_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gold2006_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Goldman, edited by Ann; Hain, Richard; Liben, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=f1fTsoA4wDMC&pg=PA352">Oxford textbook of palliative care for children</a> 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006: 352 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780198526537" title="Special:网络书源/9780198526537"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780198526537</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512011141/https://books.google.ca/books?id=f1fTsoA4wDMC&pg=PA352">存档</a>于2019-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.au=Hain%2C+Richard&rft.au=Liben%2C+Stephen&rft.aufirst=edited+by+Ann&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.btitle=Oxford+textbook+of+palliative+care+for+children&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780198526537&rft.pages=352&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df1fTsoA4wDMC%26pg%3DPA352&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190512011141/https://books.google.ca/books?id=f1fTsoA4wDMC&pg=PA352">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helm2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Helm2006_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helm2006_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Helms, Richard A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA1310">Textbook of therapeutics : drug and disease management</a> 8. Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006: 1310 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780781757348" title="Special:网络书源/9780781757348"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780781757348</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512145327/https://books.google.ca/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA1310">存档</a>于2019-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft.aulast=Helms&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+therapeutics+%3A+drug+and+disease+management&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=8&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780781757348&rft.pages=1310&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pa.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaVmRWrknaWgC%26pg%3DPA1310&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190512145327/https://books.google.ca/books?id=aVmRWrknaWgC&pg=PA1310">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2015_3-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lactulose.html">Lactulose</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">Aug 11,</span> 2015]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812043555/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lactulose.html">存档</a>于2020-08-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.btitle=Lactulose&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Flactulose.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200812043555/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lactulose.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ham2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ham2013_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ham2013_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hamilton, Richard J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&pg=PA191">Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition</a> 27. Burlington, Ma.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2013: 191 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781449665869" title="Special:网络书源/9781449665869"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781449665869</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511224656/https://books.google.ca/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&pg=PA191">存档</a>于2019-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.btitle=Tarascon+pocket+pharmacopoeia+%3A+2013+classic+shirt-pocket+edition&rft.date=2013&rft.edition=27&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781449665869&rft.pages=191&rft.place=Burlington%2C+Ma.&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlwueJ4IAl4oC%26pg%3DPA191&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190511224656/https://books.google.ca/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&pg=PA191">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones2013_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jones, Wendy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=0Y8lbCnF1mgC&pg=PA127">Breastfeeding and Medication</a>. Routledge. 2013: 127 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781136178153" title="Special:网络书源/9781136178153"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781136178153</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513151508/https://books.google.ca/books?id=0Y8lbCnF1mgC&pg=PA127">存档</a>于2019-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.btitle=Breastfeeding+and+Medication&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781136178153&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Y8lbCnF1mgC%26pg%3DPA127&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190513151508/https://books.google.ca/books?id=0Y8lbCnF1mgC&pg=PA127">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Whitlow, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=9FfvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT378">Improved Outcomes in Colon and Rectal Surgery.</a>. New York: Informa Healthcare. 2009: 366 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-09-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781420071535" title="Special:网络书源/9781420071535"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781420071535</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512032555/https://books.google.ca/books?id=9FfvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT378">存档</a>于2019-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.aulast=Whitlow&rft.btitle=Improved+Outcomes+in+Colon+and+Rectal+Surgery.&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781420071535&rft.pages=366&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Informa+Healthcare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9FfvBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT378&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190512032555/https://books.google.ca/books?id=9FfvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT378">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McSweeney, P.L.H.; Fox, P.F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=hz9U9nzy-rQC&pg=PA236">Advanced dairy chemistry.</a> 3rd. New York: Springer-Verlag. 2009: 236 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-06-18</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780387848655" title="Special:网络书源/9780387848655"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780387848655</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513194739/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hz9U9nzy-rQC&pg=PA236">存档</a>于2019-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.au=Fox%2C+P.F.&rft.aufirst=P.L.H.&rft.aulast=McSweeney&rft.btitle=Advanced+dairy+chemistry.&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780387848655&rft.pages=236&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhz9U9nzy-rQC%26pg%3DPA236&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190513194739/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hz9U9nzy-rQC&pg=PA236">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schumann, C. Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update.. European journal of nutrition. November 2002,. 41 Suppl 1: I17–25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12420112"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 12420112</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00394-002-1103-6"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/s00394-002-1103-6</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.atitle=Medical%2C+nutritional+and+technological+properties+of+lactulose.+An+update.&rft.aufirst=C&rft.aulast=Schumann&rft.date=2002-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+nutrition&rft.pages=I17-25&rft.volume=41+Suppl+1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00394-002-1103-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12420112&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2015E-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO2015E_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf">19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. WHO. April 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2015]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513043105/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2015-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.btitle=19th+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+%28April+2015%29&rft.date=2015-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmedicines%2Fpublications%2Fessentialmedicines%2FEML2015_8-May-15.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150513043105/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lactulose-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lactulose_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=LAC3L&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=3%2E35%20g%2F5%20ml&desc=Lactulose&pack=new&frm=SOLUTION&rte=PO&class_code2=02%2E3%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2802%2E3%2E%29Medicines%20for%20other%20common%20symptoms%20in%20palliative%20care%3Cbr%3E">Lactulose</a>. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2015]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.atitle=Lactulose&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Drug+Price+Indicator+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferc.msh.org%2Fdmpguide%2Fresultsdetail.cfm%3Flanguage%3Denglish%26code%3DLAC3L%26s_year%3D2014%26year%3D2014%26str%3D3%252E35%2520g%252F5%2520ml%26desc%3DLactulose%26pack%3Dnew%26frm%3DSOLUTION%26rte%3DPO%26class_code2%3D02%252E3%252E%26supplement%3D%26class_name%3D%252802%252E3%252E%2529Medicines%2520for%2520other%2520common%2520symptoms%2520in%2520palliative%2520care%253Cbr%253E&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年2月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="https://books.google.ca/books?id=oL6d9KuVqLQC&pg=PA887" class="citation book">Kuntz, Hans-Dieter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hepatologytextbo00kunt">Hepatology textbook and atlas : history, morphology, biochemistry, diagnostics, clinic, therapy</a> 3. Heidelberg: Springer. 2008: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hepatologytextbo00kunt/page/887">887</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783540768395" title="Special:网络书源/9783540768395"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783540768395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B9%B3%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96&rft.aufirst=Hans-Dieter&rft.aulast=Kuntz&rft.btitle=Hepatology+textbook+and+atlas+%3A+history%2C+morphology%2C+biochemistry%2C+diagnostics%2C+clinic%2C+therapy&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=3&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783540768395&rft.pages=887&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhepatologytextbo00kunt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:糖类"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="Template talk:糖类"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:糖类"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="醣類" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="糖类">醣類</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">总览</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%9B%E9%86%A3" title="醛醣">醛醣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AE%E9%86%A3" title="酮醣">酮醣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A1%E5%96%83%E7%B3%96" title="吡喃糖">吡喃糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8B%E5%96%83%E7%B3%96" title="呋喃糖">呋喃糖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">几何</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%B7%E6%9E%84%E8%B1%A1" title="环己烷构象">环己烷构象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%AE%E5%90%91%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84" title="端基差向异构">端基差向异构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E6%97%8B" title="变旋">变旋现象</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%86%A3" title="單醣">單醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%A3" title="乙醣">乙醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>乙醛糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87%E9%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醇醛">乙醇醛</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%86%A3" title="丙醣">丙醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>丙酮糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%BE%9F%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE" title="二羟丙酮">二羟丙酮</a></li></ul></li> <li>丙醛糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E9%86%9B" title="甘油醛">甘油醛</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E7%B3%96" title="丁糖">丁糖</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>丁酮糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E8%97%93%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96" title="赤藓酮糖">赤藓酮糖</a></li></ul></li> <li>丁醛糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E8%97%93%E7%B3%96" title="赤藓糖">赤藓糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%B3%96" title="苏糖">苏糖</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E7%B3%96" title="戊糖">戊糖</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>戊酮糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96" title="核酮糖">核酮糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96" title="木酮糖">木酮糖</a></li></ul></li> <li>戊醛糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96" title="核糖">核糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%B3%96" title="阿拉伯糖">阿拉伯糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96" title="木糖">木糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A5%E8%8B%8F%E7%B3%96" title="来苏糖">来苏糖</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E7%B3%96" title="脱氧糖">脱氧糖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96" title="脱氧核糖">脱氧核糖</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E7%B3%96" title="己糖">己糖</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="己酮糖">己酮糖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%9B%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96" title="阿洛酮糖">阿洛酮糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E7%B3%96" title="果糖">果糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E7%B3%96" title="山梨糖">山梨糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%BC%E7%B3%96" title="塔格糖">塔格糖</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E9%86%9B%E7%B3%96" title="己醛糖">己醛糖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B3%96" title="阿洛糖">阿洛糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%93%E7%B3%96" title="阿卓糖">阿卓糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E7%B3%96" title="甘露糖">甘露糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B4%9B%E7%B3%96" title="古洛糖">古洛糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%9D%9C%E7%B3%96" title="艾杜糖">艾杜糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="半乳糖">半乳糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E7%B3%96" title="塔罗糖">塔罗糖</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E7%B3%96" title="脱氧糖">脱氧糖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E8%97%BB%E7%B3%96" title="岩藻糖">岩藻糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A7%92%E8%97%BB%E7%B3%96" title="墨角藻糖">墨角藻糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E6%9D%8E%E7%B3%96" title="鼠李糖">鼠李糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%8E%E8%AF%BA%E7%B3%96" title="奎诺糖">奎诺糖</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E7%B3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="双脱氧糖">双脱氧糖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%AB%8B%E7%B3%96" title="可立糖">可立糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%8F%AF%E7%B3%96" title="阿比可糖">阿比可糖</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E9%86%A3" title="庚醣">庚醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>庚酮糖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E5%A4%A9%E5%BA%9A%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96" title="景天庚酮糖">景天庚酮糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E5%BA%9A%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96" title="甘露庚酮糖">甘露庚酮糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A1%91%E7%B3%96" title="馬桑糖">馬桑糖</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">八碳以上</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E9%86%A3" title="辛醣">辛醣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2,3,4,5,6,7,8-%E4%B8%83%E7%BE%A5%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%9B%E9%86%9B" title="2,3,4,5,6,7,8-七羥基辛醛">辛醛醣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D-%E8%B5%A4%E8%98%9A-L-%E5%8D%8A%E4%B9%B3%E8%BE%9B%E7%B3%96" title="D-赤蘚-L-半乳辛糖">D-赤蘚-L-半乳辛糖</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3,4,5,6,7,8-%E4%B8%83%E7%BE%A5%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%9B-2-%E9%85%AE" title="1,3,4,5,6,7,8-七羥基辛-2-酮">辛酮醣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D-%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9-D-%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E8%BE%9B%E7%B3%96" title="D-甘油-D-甘露辛糖">D-甘油-D-甘露辛糖</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AC%E9%86%A3" title="壬醣">壬醣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-%E5%85%AB%E7%BE%A5%E5%9F%BA%E5%A3%AC%E9%86%9B" title="2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-八羥基壬醛">壬醛醣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L-%E6%A0%B8-D-%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E5%A3%AC%E7%B3%96" title="L-核-D-甘露壬糖">L-核-D-甘露壬糖</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%96" title="多糖">多醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%86%A3" title="雙醣">雙醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1 → 1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB%E7%B3%96" title="海藻糖">海藻糖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麴二糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kojibiose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%B4%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麴二糖（页面不存在）">麴二糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojibiose" class="extiw" title="en:Kojibiose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kojibiose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海藻酮糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trehalulose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海藻酮糖（页面不存在）">海藻酮糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalulose" class="extiw" title="en:Trehalulose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trehalulose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>1 → 2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%97%E7%B3%96" title="蔗糖">蔗糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%90%E7%B3%96" title="槐糖">槐糖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2α-甘露二糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2α-Mannobiose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2%CE%B1-%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2α-甘露二糖（页面不存在）">2α-甘露二糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%CE%B1-Mannobiose" class="extiw" title="en:2α-Mannobiose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2α-Mannobiose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E9%AA%A8%E6%9C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96" title="接骨木二糖">接骨木二糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A9%99%E7%9A%AE%E7%B3%96" title="新橙皮糖">新橙皮糖</a></li></ul></li> <li>1 → 3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96" title="松二糖">松二糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96" title="昆布二糖">昆布二糖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑麴黴糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nigerose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%BA%B4%E9%BB%B4%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑麴黴糖（页面不存在）">黑麴黴糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerose" class="extiw" title="en:Nigerose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nigerose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="3α-甘露二糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="3α-Mannobiose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%CE%B1-%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3α-甘露二糖（页面不存在）">3α-甘露二糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%CE%B1-Mannobiose" class="extiw" title="en:3α-Mannobiose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">3α-Mannobiose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>1 → 4 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E8%8A%BD%E7%B3%96" title="麥芽糖">麥芽糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96" title="纤维二糖">纤维二糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96" title="木二糖">木二糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="乳糖">乳糖</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">乳果糖</a></li></ul></li> <li>1 → 6 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E9%BA%A6%E8%8A%BD%E7%B3%96" title="异麦芽糖">异麦芽糖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="龙胆二糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gentiobiose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%99%E8%83%86%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="龙胆二糖（页面不存在）">龙胆二糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentiobiose" class="extiw" title="en:Gentiobiose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gentiobiose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="異麥芽酮糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isomaltulose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B0%E9%BA%A5%E8%8A%BD%E9%85%AE%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="異麥芽酮糖（页面不存在）">異麥芽酮糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomaltulose" class="extiw" title="en:Isomaltulose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isomaltulose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="異乳糖">異乳糖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蜜二糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Melibiose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9C%9C%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蜜二糖（页面不存在）">蜜二糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melibiose" class="extiw" title="en:Melibiose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Melibiose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="车前二糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Melibiulose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E5%89%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车前二糖（页面不存在）">车前二糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melibiulose" class="extiw" title="en:Melibiulose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Melibiulose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%9A%E8%B1%86%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96" title="荚豆二糖">荚豆二糖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="芸香糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rutinose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B8%E9%A6%99%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芸香糖（页面不存在）">芸香糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutinose" class="extiw" title="en:Rutinose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rutinose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>2 → 1 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菊粉二糖" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Inulobiose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%8A%E7%B2%89%E4%BA%8C%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菊粉二糖（页面不存在）">菊粉二糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inulobiose" class="extiw" title="fr:Inulobiose"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Inulobiose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%86%A3" title="三醣">三醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E5%AD%90%E7%B3%96" title="棉子糖">棉子糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%B8%89%E7%B3%96" title="松三糖">松三糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E8%8A%BD%E4%B8%89%E7%B3%96" title="麦芽三糖">麦芽三糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9E%E5%BD%A2%E7%B3%96" title="伞形糖">伞形糖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%86%A3" title="四醣">四醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿卡波糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acarbose"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E6%B3%A2%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿卡波糖（页面不存在）">阿卡波糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acarbose" class="extiw" title="en:Acarbose"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acarbose</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%8B%8F%E7%B3%96" title="水苏糖">水苏糖</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E8%8A%BD%E5%9B%9B%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦芽四糖（页面不存在）">麦芽四糖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E9%86%A3" title="寡醣">寡醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%AF%A1%E7%B3%96" title="果寡糖">低聚果糖</a>（FOS）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E8%81%9A%E5%8D%8A%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="低聚半乳糖">低聚半乳糖</a>（GOS）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E8%81%9A%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低聚甘露糖（页面不存在）">低聚甘露糖</a>（MOS）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E8%81%9A%E5%BC%82%E9%BA%A6%E8%8A%BD%E7%B3%96" title="低聚异麦芽糖">低聚异麦芽糖</a>（IMO）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E8%81%9A%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%96" title="低聚木糖">低聚木糖</a>（XOS）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-%E7%8E%AF%E7%B3%8A%E7%B2%BE" title="Α-环糊精">α-环糊精</a></li> <li>低聚<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E8%8A%BD%E7%B3%8A%E7%B2%BE" title="麥芽糊精">麥芽糊精</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="聚糖">聚醣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><u><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="葡聚糖">葡聚糖</a></u>：<a href="/wiki/%CE%91-%E8%91%A1%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="Α-葡聚糖">α-葡聚糖</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%8E%9F" title="糖原">糖原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="淀粉">淀粉</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%8F%88%E6%BE%B1%E7%B2%89" title="直鏈澱粉">直鏈澱粉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="支链淀粉">支链淀粉</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%8A%E7%B2%BE" title="糊精">糊精</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%97%8B%E7%B3%96%E9%85%90" title="右旋糖酐">右旋糖酐</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E8%8A%BD%E7%B3%8A%E7%B2%BE" title="麥芽糊精">麥芽糊精</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-%E8%91%A1%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="Β-葡聚糖">β-葡聚糖</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="纤维素">纤维素</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E6%AF%8D%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="酵母聚糖">酵母聚糖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%8F%87%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%96" title="香菇多糖">香菇多糖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%87%9D%E8%83%B6%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%96" title="热凝胶多糖">熱凝膠多糖</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="半纤维素">半纤维素</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B3%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="壳聚糖">壳聚糖</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E6%AE%BC%E8%B3%AA" title="甲殼質">甲殼質</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E7%B4%A0" title="木质素">木质素</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%8E%9F%E8%83%B6" title="黄原胶">黄原胶</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E8%83%B6" title="果胶">果胶</a> <p><u><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甘露聚糖（页面不存在）">甘露聚糖</a></u>： </p><p><u><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E4%B9%B3%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半乳聚糖（页面不存在）">半乳聚糖</a></u>： </p><p><u><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96" title="果聚糖">果聚糖</a></u>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E7%B2%89" title="菊粉">菊粉</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%9C%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96%CE%B22%E2%86%926&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="果聚糖β2→6（页面不存在）">果聚糖β2→6</a> </p> <u><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戊聚糖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pentosan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%8A%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戊聚糖（页面不存在）">戊聚糖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentosan" class="extiw" title="en:Pentosan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pentosan</span></a></span>）</span></span></u>：</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:生物化学物质种类"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB" title="Template talk:生物化学物质种类"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物化学物质种类"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物化學物質種類索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化學物質</a><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="Template:代谢">種類</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:糖类">糖类</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%86%87" title="Template:醇">醇類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E9%86%87" title="Template:多元醇">糖醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B3%96%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:糖蛋白类">醣蛋白</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B3%96%E8%8B%B7" title="Template:糖苷">苷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%84%82%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:脂类">酯質</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B1%BB%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F%E9%85%B8%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:类花生酸类">类花生酸类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="Template:脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:脂肪酸代谢中间产物">中間物</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Glycerides" title="Template:Glycerides">甘油酯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A3%B7%E8%84%82" title="Template:磷脂">磷脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9E%98%E8%84%82" title="Template:鞘脂">鞘脂類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%83%86%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%BE%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:胆固醇与甾体中间产物">胆固醇与甾体中间产物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="Template:核酸">核酸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A2%B1%E5%9F%BA%E3%80%81%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="Template:碱基、核苷和核苷酸">成分</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:核苷酸代谢中间产物">中間物</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8" title="Template:蛋白质">蛋白質</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="Template:氨基酸">胺基酸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:氨基酸代谢中间产物">中間物</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9B%9B%E5%90%A1%E5%92%AF" title="Template:四吡咯">四吡咯</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E7%B4%A0%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:血红素代谢中间产物">中間物</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="轻泻药_和_泻药_(A06)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%BB%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:轻泻药"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%BD%BB%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="Template talk:轻泻药"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%BD%BB%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:轻泻药"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="轻泻药_和_泻药_(A06)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="泻药">轻泻药</a> 和 <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="泻药">泻药</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81_(A06)" title="ATC代码 (A06)">A06</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;">软化药，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%A6%E6%BB%91%E8%8D%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="润滑药（页面不存在）">润滑药</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%88%A9%E5%A6%A5" title="通利妥">多库酯钠</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;">接触性泻剂</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%B2%99%E5%8F%AF%E5%95%B6" title="比沙可啶">比沙可啶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E8%92%BD%E9%86%8C" title="丹蒽醌">丹蒽醌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%9A%E9%85%9E" title="酚酞">酚酞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%96%E9%BA%BB%E6%B2%B9" title="蓖麻油">蓖麻油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E7%80%89%E8%8B%B7" title="番瀉苷">番瀉苷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E9%BC%A0%E6%9D%8E%E7%9A%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波希鼠李皮（页面不存在）">波希鼠李皮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%B9%E5%8F%AF%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="匹可硫酸钠（页面不存在）">匹可硫酸钠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%9A%E4%B8%81" title="酚丁">酚丁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%86%8B%E9%85%9A%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双醋酚丁（页面不存在）">双醋酚丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E9%85%9A%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%81" title="双酚沙丁">双酚沙丁</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;">本体药物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B5%E5%8F%B6%E8%BD%A6%E5%89%8D%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卵叶车前子（页面不存在）">卵叶车前子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%9F%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%86%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羟乙基纤维素乙基醚（页面不存在）">羟乙基纤维素乙基醚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%A7%E6%A1%90%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梧桐子（页面不存在）">梧桐子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%BA%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚麻子（页面不存在）">亚麻子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲基纤维素（页面不存在）">甲基纤维素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A6" title="小麦">小麦</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%9A%E5%8D%A1%E6%B3%A2%E9%9D%9E%E9%92%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聚卡波非钙（页面不存在）">聚卡波非钙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;">渗透作用的轻泻药</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%8E%82" title="碳酸鎂">碳酸镁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="氢氧化镁">氢氧化镁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="氧化镁">氧化镁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="过氧化镁">过氧化镁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%95%81" title="硫酸镁">硫酸镁</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">乳果糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96%E9%86%87" title="乳糖醇">乳糖醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="硫酸钠">硫酸钠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E6%88%8A%E5%9B%9B%E9%86%87" title="季戊四醇">季戊四醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E4%B9%99%E4%BA%8C%E9%86%87" title="聚乙二醇">聚乙二醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E9%9C%B2%E9%86%87" title="甘露醇">甘露醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="磷酸钠">磷酸钠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E9%86%87" title="山梨醇">山梨醇</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%B8%E6%A9%BC%E9%85%B8%E9%95%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="枸橼酸镁（页面不存在）">枸橼酸镁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%92%E7%9F%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酒石酸钠（页面不存在）">酒石酸钠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Laminarid" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laminarid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laminarid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laminarid（页面不存在）">Laminarid</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminarid" class="extiw" title="en:Laminarid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laminarid</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E8%82%A0_(%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6)" title="灌肠 (医学)">灌肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="正十二烷基磺酸钠">正十二烷基磺酸钠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="磷酸钠">磷酸钠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%B2%99%E5%8F%AF%E5%95%B6" title="比沙可啶">比沙可啶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E8%92%BD%E9%86%8C" title="丹蒽醌">丹蒽醌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9" title="甘油">甘油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9" title="油">油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E9%86%87" title="山梨醇">山梨醇</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;">外周阿片受体拮抗剂</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E7%BB%B4%E8%8E%AB%E6%BD%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爱维莫潘（页面不存在）">爱维莫潘</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%BA%B3%E6%9B%B2%E9%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲基纳曲酮（页面不存在）">甲基纳曲酮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0" title="前列腺素">前列腺素</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E6%AF%94%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E9%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁比前列酮（页面不存在）">鲁比前列酮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E9%82%A3%E6%B4%9B%E8%82%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利那洛肽（页面不存在）">利那洛肽</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template talk:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="消化系统索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>解剖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template:消化道">消化道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="Template:附属消化腺">消化腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%85%B9%E8%85%94" title="Template:腹腔">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:胃肠道生理学">生理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:消化酶类">酵素</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2" title="Template:消化系统发育">發育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_digestive_system" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system">先天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="Template:消化系统肿瘤">腫瘤</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis（页面不存在）">炎症性腸病</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Gluten_sensitivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Gluten sensitivity（页面不存在）">穀蛋白過敏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Gluten_sensitivity" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Gluten sensitivity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:消化系统疾病">其他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_and_abdomen_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs">症狀</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs（页面不存在）">齊名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:血液检验项目">血檢</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Template:消化系统外科手术方法">治療過程</a></li> <li>藥物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%84%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:雄激素类">合成代谢类固醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E9%85%B8%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗酸药">抗酸药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF%E3%80%81%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E6%8A%97%E7%82%8E/%E6%8A%97%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:止泻药、肠道抗炎/抗感染药">腹瀉及感染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%82%9D%E3%80%81%E8%83%86%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:肝、胆疾病治疗药">肝胆病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:功能性胃肠疾病治疗药物">功能性胃腸疾病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%BB%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:轻泻药">轻泻药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1%E5%92%8C%E8%83%83%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:消化道溃疡和胃食管反流病治疗药物">消化道潰瘍和胃食管反流病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E5%90%90%E5%89%82" title="Template:止吐剂">止吐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:其它消化道和代谢药物">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Template:消化系统外科手术方法">手術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=乳果糖&oldid=81753928">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=乳果糖&oldid=81753928</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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