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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>articletopic:computing incategory:"Articles needing additional references from May 2009" - Search results - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e810d705-3b1a-4e48-aff8-1fb650f93be3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Special","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":"Search","wgNamespaceNumber":-1,"wgPageName":"Special:Search","wgTitle":"Search","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Special:Search","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":0,"advancedSearch.mimeTypes":{"tiff":"image/tiff","png":"image/png","gif":"image/gif","jpg":"image/jpeg","webp":"image/webp","xcf":"image/x-xcf","pdf":"application/pdf","mid":"audio/midi","ogg":"application/ogg","svg":"image/svg+xml","djvu":"image/vnd.djvu","flac":"audio/x-flac","wav":"audio/x-wav","webm":"video/webm","mp3":"audio/mpeg","mpg":"video/mpeg"},"advancedSearch.tooltips":{"advancedsearch-help-plain": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ESearches for these words in the title or text.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMultiple words can be entered here.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPunctuation marks and other non-alphanumeric characters (with exception of the colon and comma) will be ignored.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThere may be results that do not contain one or more of your search terms.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWord stemming is applied. Example: If \u003Ci\u003Ecar\u003C/i\u003E is entered, the search will also consider \u003Ci\u003Ecars\u003C/i\u003E. The word stemming is language-specific.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Full_text_search\"\u003EFull text search\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Esesame street car\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-phrase": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ESearches for a specific sequence of characters. Punctuation marks are ignored.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E(only valid when using quotation marks, see example below)\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESeparate the search phrases by comma or space e.g. \u003Ccode\u003E\"good morning\"\u003C/code\u003E, \u003Ccode\u003E\"hello friend!\"\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPunctuation marks and other non-alphanumeric characters (with exception of the colon and comma) will be ignored.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESearch is not case-sensitive.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWord stemming is not applied.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Words.2C_phrases.2C_and_modifiers\"\u003EWords, phrases, and modifiers\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EWords in quotation marks, for example \u003Ccode\u003E\"Begin at the beginning\"\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-or":"\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EAt least one of the search terms has to be included in the page.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Words.2C_phrases.2C_and_modifiers\"\u003EWords, phrases, and modifiers\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EWords with \u003Ccode\u003EOR\u003C/code\u003E in between them like \u003Ccode\u003ELaptop OR Notebook\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E","advancedsearch-help-not": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EExcludes pages containing these words from the search.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EWord stemming is applied. Example: If \u003Ci\u003Ecar\u003C/i\u003E is entered, the search will also consider \u003Ci\u003Ecars\u003C/i\u003E. The word stemming is language-specific.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Words.2C_phrases.2C_and_modifiers\"\u003EWords, phrases, and modifiers\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EWords with \u003Ccode\u003E-\u003C/code\u003E before them, for example \u003Ccode\u003E-elephant\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E", "advancedsearch-help-deepcategory": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ESearches for pages that are in these categories and subcategories.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EOnly the first 5 subcategory levels will be included in your search.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe number of categories is limited to 256.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EYou can look for pages in multiple categories.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Deepcategory\"\u003EDeepcategory\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Edeepcategory:\u003C/code\u003E followed by a category name like \u003Ccode\u003Edeepcategory:Help\u003C/code\u003E. Use double quotes if the name contains spaces: \u003Ccode\u003Edeepcategory:\"Hidden categories\"\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-hastemplate": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ESearches for pages that contain exactly these templates.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EYou can find transcluded templates (templates consisting of other templates).\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe autosuggest function can only find templates which start the same way as your search e.g. a search for \u003Ccode\u003E\"com...\"\u003C/code\u003E will suggest \u003Ci\u003E\"commons\"\u003C/i\u003E but not \u003Ci\u003E\"nowcommons\"\u003C/i\u003E.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Hastemplate\"\u003EHastemplate\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EWords in quotation marks with \u003Ccode\u003Ehastemplate:\u003C/code\u003E before them like \u003Ccode\u003Ehastemplate:\"missing information\"\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-inlanguage": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWill only search in the language you choose.\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EYou can only search for pages in one language.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThis field will only be visible in wikis that have the translatewiki extension enabled.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Inlanguage\"\u003EInlanguage\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Einlanguage:\u003C/code\u003E followed by a language code like \u003Ccode\u003Einlanguage:es\u003C/code\u003E. You can exclude languages by adding a \u003Ccode\u003E-\u003C/code\u003E in front of the keyword e.g. \u003Ccode\u003E-inlanguage:en\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-intitle": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ESearches for pages with titles that contain this word\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThe search includes redirects.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWord stemming is applied. Example: If \u003Ci\u003Ecar\u003C/i\u003E is entered, the search will also consider \u003Ci\u003Ecars\u003C/i\u003E. The word stemming is language-specific.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Intitle_and_incategory\"\u003EIntitle and incategory\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EWords with \u003Ccode\u003Eintitle:\u003C/code\u003E before them like \u003Ccode\u003Eintitle:queen\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-subpageof": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ESearches for pages that are subpages of this page.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EYou can only search for subpages of one page at a time.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDon’t forget to enable the namespaces you want to limit your search to in the namespace filter.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDo not include the namespace in front of the page name like this: \u003Cdel\u003E\u003Ccode\u003EWikipedia:Redirect\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/del\u003E.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#subpageof\"\u003ESubpageof\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Esubpageof:\u003C/code\u003E followed by a page name like \u003Ccode\u003Esubpageof:Redirect\u003C/code\u003E. Use double quotes if the parent page contains spaces: \u003Ccode\u003Esubpageof:\"Requests for comment\"\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-filetype": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ESearches only for files of the selected type.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EYou can only search for one file type.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EYou can only select the given file types from the drop-down menu.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp pages\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#filetype\"\u003EFiletype\u003C/a\u003E and \u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#filemime\"\u003Efilemime\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EWords with \u003Ccode\u003Efiletype:\u003C/code\u003E before them like \u003Ccode\u003Efiletype:ogg\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E" ,"advancedsearch-help-filew":"\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EThese fields allow you to specify the width of the file.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThis is only applicable to file types that have width and height, like videos and images.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#File_measures\"\u003EFilemeasures\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ENumbers with \u003Ccode\u003Efilew\u003C/code\u003E before them like \u003Ccode\u003Efilew:\u0026gt;800\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E","advancedsearch-help-fileh": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EThese fields allow you to specify the height of the file.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EBe aware of the following\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EThis is only applicable to file types that have width and height, like videos and images.\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E\n\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#File_measures\"\u003EFilemeasures\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003ENumbers with \u003Ccode\u003Efileh\u003C/code\u003E before them like \u003Ccode\u003Efileh:\u0026gt;600\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E","advancedsearch-help-sort": "\u003Cdl\u003E\u003Cdt\u003EDescription\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EChange the sorting order of results. The standard is that most relevant pages are placed on top of the results.\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003EHelp page\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Explicit_sort_orders\"\u003EExplicit sort orders\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/dd\u003E\n\u003Cdt\u003ESyntax-equivalent in the normal search\u003C/dt\u003E\n\u003Cdd\u003EThis feature has no keyword that you can type in the search input field since the function is specified via a parameter in the URL.\u003C/dd\u003E\u003C/dl\u003E"},"advancedSearch.namespacePresets":{"defaultNamespaces":{"enabled":true,"provider":"defaultNamespaces","label":"advancedsearch-namespaces-preset-default"},"discussion":{"enabled":true,"provider":"discussion","label":"advancedsearch-namespaces-preset-discussion"},"generalHelp":{"enabled":true,"namespaces":["4","12" 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02:57, 18 February 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/HelpNDoc" title="HelpNDoc"><img alt="Thumbnail for HelpNDoc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/HelpNDoc_Logo.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="90" height="90" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="80" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/HelpNDoc" title="HelpNDoc" data-serp-pos="9">HelpNDoc</a> </div><div class="searchresult">HelpNDoc (/ˈhɛlpənˌdɒk/ HELP-ən-dok) is a Windows-based help authoring tool published by French company IBE Software. HelpNDoc allows the writer to create...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>16 KB (1,426 words) - 19:40, 31 December 2023</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_technologies" title="Optical disc recording technologies"><img alt="Thumbnail for Optical disc recording technologies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/CD_icon_test.svg/90px-CD_icon_test.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="90" height="90" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_recording_technologies" title="Optical disc recording technologies" data-serp-pos="10">Optical disc recording technologies</a> </div><div class="searchresult">Optical disc authoring requires a number of different optical disc recorder technologies working in tandem, from the optical disc media to the firmware...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>15 KB (1,931 words) - 03:23, 29 August 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_2000%E2%80%932009" title="Timeline of computing 2000–2009"><img alt="Thumbnail for Timeline of computing 2000–2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Glen_Beck_and_Betty_Snyder_program_the_ENIAC_in_building_328_at_the_Ballistic_Research_Laboratory.jpg/120px-Glen_Beck_and_Betty_Snyder_program_the_ENIAC_in_building_328_at_the_Ballistic_Research_Laboratory.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="92" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_2000%E2%80%932009" title="Timeline of computing 2000–2009" data-serp-pos="11">Timeline of computing 2000–2009</a> </div><div class="searchresult">This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing from 2000 to 2009. For narratives explaining the overall developments,...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>16 KB (261 words) - 22:28, 18 August 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68060" title="Motorola 68060"><img alt="Thumbnail for Motorola 68060" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MC68060RC50.jpg/120px-MC68060RC50.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="114" data-file-width="1851" data-file-height="1757" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68060" title="Motorola 68060" data-serp-pos="12">Motorola 68060</a> </div><div class="searchresult">The Motorola 68060 ("sixty-eight-oh-sixty") is a 32-bit microprocessor from Motorola released in April 1994. 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The ES PEVM models lineup also included analogues of IBM PC XT, IBM PC AT, IBM XT/370...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>6 KB (511 words) - 23:42, 11 August 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/BlindWrite" title="BlindWrite" data-serp-pos="15">BlindWrite</a> </div><div class="searchresult">BlindWrite, the successor to BlindRead, is a computer program that writes to recordable CDs. The Blindread software, which reads CDs and writes CD image...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>5 KB (555 words) - 13:59, 7 September 2023</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Fractal" title="Ultra Fractal" data-serp-pos="16">Ultra Fractal</a> </div><div class="searchresult">Ultra Fractal is a fractal generation and rendering software application. The program was the first publicly available fractal software which featured...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>4 KB (292 words) - 10:53, 17 January 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/JOVE" title="JOVE"><img alt="Thumbnail for JOVE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jove_Text_Editor_Screenshot.png/120px-Jove_Text_Editor_Screenshot.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="91" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="969" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/JOVE" title="JOVE" data-serp-pos="17">JOVE</a> </div><div class="searchresult">JOVE (Jonathan's Own Version of Emacs) is an open-source, Emacs-like text editor, primarily intended for Unix-like operating systems. 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In most programming languages, functions...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>8 KB (999 words) - 10:57, 14 March 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Optimal_facility_location" title="Optimal facility location" data-serp-pos="19">Optimal facility location</a> </div><div class="searchresult">The study of facility location problems (FLP), also known as location analysis, is a branch of operations research and computational geometry concerned...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>21 KB (3,147 words) - 06:53, 22 July 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Computational_particle_physics" title="Computational particle physics" data-serp-pos="20">Computational particle physics</a> </div><div class="searchresult">Computational particle physics refers to the methods and computing tools developed in and used by particle physics research. Like computational chemistry...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>10 KB (1,128 words) - 15:42, 25 June 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/RCA_Spectra_70" title="RCA Spectra 70"><img alt="Thumbnail for RCA Spectra 70" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Computer_in_County_of_Orange_offices%2C_1967.jpg/120px-Computer_in_County_of_Orange_offices%2C_1967.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="91" data-file-width="1743" data-file-height="1323" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/RCA_Spectra_70" title="RCA Spectra 70" data-serp-pos="21">RCA Spectra 70</a> </div><div class="searchresult">The RCA Spectra 70 is a line of electronic data processing (EDP) equipment that was manufactured by the Radio Corporation of America’s computer division...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>19 KB (2,507 words) - 15:45, 2 August 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Xoom_(web_hosting)" title="Xoom (web hosting)" data-serp-pos="22">Xoom (web hosting)</a> </div><div class="searchresult">Xoom was an early dot-com company that provided free unlimited space web hosting, similar to GeoCities. 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SRB is a logical distributed file...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>9 KB (947 words) - 19:38, 25 July 2023</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Live_migration" title="Live migration" data-serp-pos="26">Live migration</a> </div><div class="searchresult">Live migration, also called migration, refers to the process of moving a running virtual machine (VM) or application between different physical machines...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>7 KB (768 words) - 07:44, 3 February 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Fragile_binary_interface_problem" title="Fragile binary interface problem" data-serp-pos="27">Fragile binary interface problem</a> </div><div class="searchresult">The fragile binary interface problem or FBI is a shortcoming of certain object-oriented programming language compilers, in which internal changes to an...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>8 KB (1,240 words) - 12:18, 11 December 2018</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Vulnerability_Database" title="Open Source Vulnerability Database" data-serp-pos="28">Open Source Vulnerability Database</a> </div><div class="searchresult">The Open Sourced Vulnerability Database (OSVDB) was an independent and open-sourced vulnerability database. 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This can be done for storage, page or display space constraints or formatting reasons...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>3 KB (301 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2023</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Linux_User_Group" title="Lanka Linux User Group" data-serp-pos="35">Lanka Linux User Group</a> </div><div class="searchresult">Lanka Linux User Group, also known as LK-LUG, is an organization in Sri Lanka for promoting free software. Since its beginnings in 1998 with 40 members...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>1 KB (156 words) - 13:15, 29 May 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Spectral_rendering" title="Spectral rendering" data-serp-pos="36">Spectral rendering</a> </div><div class="searchresult">In computer graphics, spectral rendering is a technique in which a scene's light transport is modeled with real wavelengths. This process is typically...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>5 KB (368 words) - 15:40, 23 September 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Undergraduate_Technology_Conference" title="Canadian Undergraduate Technology Conference"><img alt="Thumbnail for Canadian Undergraduate Technology Conference" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CUTC_Logo_2012_v2.jpg/120px-CUTC_Logo_2012_v2.jpg" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="90" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="605" /></a></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Undergraduate_Technology_Conference" title="Canadian Undergraduate Technology Conference" data-serp-pos="37">Canadian Undergraduate Technology Conference</a> </div><div class="searchresult">The Canadian Undergraduate Technology Conference (CUTC) is a Canadian student-organized conference. It concerns itself with all sorts of technology-related...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>2 KB (285 words) - 00:10, 13 November 2024</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/Phantom_reference" title="Phantom reference" data-serp-pos="38">Phantom reference</a> </div><div class="searchresult">A phantom reference is a kind of reference in Java, where the memory can be reclaimed. The phantom reference is one of the strengths or levels of 'non...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>3 KB (299 words) - 10:23, 27 September 2019</div></div></div></li><li class="mw-search-result mw-search-result-ns-0"><div class="searchResultImage"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail"><div class="searchResultImage-thumbnail-placeholder" aria-hidden="true"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><title> image layout frameless </title><path d="M19 3H1v14h18zM3 14l3.5-4.5 2.5 3L12.5 8l4.5 6z"/><path d="M19 5H1V3h18zm0 12H1v-2h18z"/></svg> </div></div><div class="searchResultImage-text"><div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="/wiki/RLUG" title="RLUG" data-serp-pos="39">RLUG</a> </div><div class="searchresult">RLUG stands for Romanian Linux Users Group. RLUG is the largest and oldest Linux community in Romania, formed around 1999, with more than 2000 members...</div> <div class='mw-search-result-data'>2 KB (162 words) - 13:17, 29 May 2024</div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="mw-search-visualclear"></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=100&ns0=1&offset=0&profile=default&search=articletopic%3Acomputing+incategory%3A%22Articles+needing+additional+references+from+May+2009%22&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5767f597fb-mclsh","wgBackendResponseTime":312});});</script> </body> </html>