CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Microsoft Mail - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"599854a8-46de-4a11-94fd-0c6d5a36d091","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Microsoft_Mail","wgTitle":"Microsoft Mail","wgCurRevisionId":1225395944,"wgRevisionId":1225395944,"wgArticleId":1647685,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: generic name","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from May 2009","All articles needing additional references","Discontinued Microsoft software","Microsoft email software","Email systems"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Microsoft_Mail","wgRelevantArticleId":1647685,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6840172","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/Microsoft_Mail.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="880"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/Microsoft_Mail.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="587"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="470"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Microsoft Mail - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mail"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mail"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Microsoft_Mail rootpage-Microsoft_Mail skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Microsoft+Mail" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Microsoft+Mail" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Microsoft+Mail" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Microsoft+Mail" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mac_Networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mac_Networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mac Networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mac_Networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_Networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_Networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>PC Networks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-PC_Networks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle PC Networks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-PC_Networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Server_Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Server_Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Server Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Server_Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Client_Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Client_Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Client Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Client_Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gateways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gateways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gateways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gateways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft Mail</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="Microsoft Mail – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Microsoft Mail" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="Microsoft Mail – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microsoft Mail" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="Microsoft Mail – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Microsoft Mail" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="Microsoft Mail – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Microsoft Mail" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="Microsoft Mail – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Microsoft Mail" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6840172#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Microsoft_Mail" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mail"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mail"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Microsoft_Mail" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Microsoft_Mail" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&oldid=1225395944" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Microsoft_Mail&id=1225395944&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMicrosoft_Mail"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMicrosoft_Mail"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Microsoft_Mail&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6840172" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Several Microsoft email products</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail (Windows)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Mail" title="Windows Live Mail">Windows Live Mail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Microsoft_Mail" title="Special:EditPage/Microsoft Mail">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Microsoft+Mail%22">"Microsoft Mail"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Microsoft+Mail%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Microsoft+Mail%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Microsoft+Mail%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Microsoft+Mail%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Microsoft+Mail%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Microsoft Mail</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Mail_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dc/Microsoft_Mail_icon.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Mail.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Microsoft_Mail.png/250px-Microsoft_Mail.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/Microsoft_Mail.png 1.5x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="270" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Microsoft Mail Client for Windows NT</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1988<span class="noprint">; 36 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1988</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">3.5 </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Most file server systems, including <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> and <a href="/wiki/LAN_Manager" title="LAN Manager">LAN Manager</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English, French, German, Japanese, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Microsoft Mail</b> (or <b>MSMail/MSM</b>) was the name given to several early <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> e-mail products for <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area networks</a>, primarily two architectures: one for Macintosh networks, and one for PC architecture-based LANs. All were eventually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Server" title="Microsoft Exchange Server">Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a> product lines. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mac_Networks">Mac Networks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mac Networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Microsoft Mail product was introduced in 1988 for <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a> Networks. It was based on InterMail, a product that Microsoft purchased and updated. An MS-DOS client was added for PCs on AppleTalk networks. It was later sold off to become <b>Star Nine Mail</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then <b>Quarterdeck Mail</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has long since been discontinued. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PC_Networks">PC Networks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: PC Networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second Microsoft Mail product, <b>Microsoft Mail for PC Networks v2.1</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was introduced in 1991. It was based on Network Courier, a LAN email system produced by <a href="/wiki/Consumers_Software" title="Consumers Software">Consumers Software</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> BC, which Microsoft had purchased. Following the initial 1991 rebranding release, Microsoft issued its first major update as Version 3.0 in 1992. This version included Microsoft's first Global Address Book technology and first networked scheduling application, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Schedule_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Schedule Plus">Microsoft Schedule+</a>. </p><p>Versions 3.0 through 3.5 included email clients for MS-DOS, OS/2 1.31, Mac OS, Windows (both 16 and 32-bit), a separate <b>Windows for Workgroups Mail</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> client, and a DOS-based Remote Client for use over pre-<a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">PPP</a>/pre-<a href="/wiki/Serial_Line_Internet_Protocol" title="Serial Line Internet Protocol">SLIP</a> dialup <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a> connections. A stripped-down version of the PC-based server, <b>Microsoft Mail for PC Networks</b>, was included in <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a>. The last version based on this architecture was 3.5; afterwards, it was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Server" title="Microsoft Exchange Server">Microsoft Exchange Server</a>, which started with version 4.0. </p><p>The client software was also named Microsoft Mail, and was included in some older versions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> such as version 4.x. The original "Inbox" (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Client" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Exchange Client">Exchange client</a> or <a href="/wiki/Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Windows Messaging</a>) of Windows 95 also had the capability to connect to an MS Mail server. </p><p>Microsoft Mail Server was eventually replaced by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Server" title="Microsoft Exchange Server">Microsoft Exchange</a>; Microsoft Mail Client, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Client" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Exchange Client">Microsoft Exchange Client</a>, and Schedule+ were eventually replaced by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a> (Windows and Mac).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Server_Architecture">Server Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Server Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft Mail was a shared-file mail system; the "postoffice" was a passive database of files which could reside on any file server. Clients used mapped network drives and file sharing to write mail to the postoffice. Clients also acted as <a href="/wiki/Message_Transfer_Agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Message Transfer Agent">Message Transfer Agents</a> (MTAs) for their own postoffices, moving around messages on the postoffice as needed, including queueing messages for outbound delivery to other postoffices, and processing messages queued as arriving from external sources. </p><p>Mail that needed to travel between postoffices were moved by an external MTA called External (external.exe), which originally ran on MS-DOS. A version of External for OS/2 1.31 was added with Microsoft Mail for PC Networks version 3.2, and a multitasking MTA for Windows NT was added with version 3.5. This ran in the OS/2 subsystem of Windows NT and Windows 2000, and consisted mostly of the Version 3.2a External with wrappers containing hooks allowing control by NT administration utilities. </p><p>The database design and passive nature of the server both created several weakness. A complete lack of distinction between <a href="/wiki/Email#Message_header" title="Email">"header" and "envelope" addressing data</a> meant that now-standard functionality such as <a href="/wiki/Blind_carbon_copy" title="Blind carbon copy">Bcc:</a> could not be implemented. Mailing lists were similarly problematic. Also, a single postoffice was limited to 500 mailboxes; a large enterprise would require many postoffices and many MTAs to connect these postoffices. Since scheduling data and address lists were also stored locally in these postoffices, moving schedule and global address book information required yet more, separate agents called Dispatch and Microsoft Schedule+ Distribution Agent. Dispatch would synchronise the various copies of the Global Address List using MSMail 3.x Directory Synchronization Protocol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Client_Architecture">Client Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Client Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Client handling of messages remained inconsistent through the life of the product. Clients for MS-DOS, dialup, and Mac OS left messages stored on server; the Windows and OS/2 clients downloaded the messages instead, using a local file (.MMF) as storage. While this storage could be located on a file server, the various file locking issues meant a user could only login to their mail from a single PC at a time. </p><p>Further, the differing storage mechanisms made using MSMail across multiple client architectures problematic at best. While the inbox could be synchronised, other folders could not be, meaning that only inbox messages could be accessed across the two client architectures. Plans to create a Mac OS client which could access .MMF storage were abandoned before version 3.0 shipped, though working - if buggy - versions did exist. </p><p>The Windows and OS/2 clients were built around an early version of <a href="/wiki/MAPI" title="MAPI">MAPI</a> called MAPI 0, and could in theory enable the client to talk to any server by replacing the MAPI DLL with a fully compliant DLL for the appropriate system. Unlike the Microsoft Mail 3.x server product, the clients could support Bcc: functionality. This functionality was not exposed to Microsoft Mail for PC Networks users due to limitations in the server architecture, but the corporate internal MAPI.DLL enabling these particular clients to talk to Xenix-based mail transport systems utilised this functionality. The first and almost immediately recalled version of the Microsoft Press book on using Microsoft Mail accidentally used screenshots from the Xenix backend, revealing this concealed capability of the client. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gateways">Gateways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gateways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Connections to other email systems were made possible by gateways to "foreign mail systems". Microsoft shipped gateways to <a href="/wiki/PROFS" class="mw-redirect" title="PROFS">PROFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/SNADS" title="SNADS">SNADS</a> (Office Vision), <a href="/wiki/SMTP" class="mw-redirect" title="SMTP">SMTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/X.400" title="X.400">X.400</a> over <a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Message_Handling_System" title="Message Handling System">Message Handling System</a> (MHS), <a href="/wiki/MCI_Mail" title="MCI Mail">MCI Mail</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AT%26T_Mail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AT&T Mail (page does not exist)">AT&T Mail</a>, and others. Many companies running these gateways quickly replaced them with Microsoft Exchange Server connectors once Microsoft Exchange 4.0 shipped. In particular an early part of a migration from MSMail to Exchange included replacing the Microsoft Mail for PC Networks Gateway to SMTP to the Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Connector, later renamed to the Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service. </p><p>Connection to UUCP-based email systems were supported indirectly, using the Microsoft Mail Gateway to SMTP client combined with a Unix system, typically running sendmail as a <a href="/wiki/Smart_host" title="Smart host">smarthost</a>. SCO Unix and Interactive Unix were both recommended products for this structure, though any SMTP-UUCP smarthost-capable system would work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5w4EAAAAMBAJ&q=Star+Nine+Mail&pg=PA14"><i>Network World</i></a>. IDG Network World Inc. 1995-09-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Network+World&rft.pub=IDG+Network+World+Inc&rft.date=1995-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5w4EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DStar%2BNine%2BMail%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Mail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInc1996" class="citation book cs1">Inc, InfoWorld Media Group (1996-01-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zj4EAAAAMBAJ&q=Quarterdeck+Mail&pg=PA50"><i>InfoWorld</i></a>. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=InfoWorld&rft.pub=InfoWorld+Media+Group%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996-01-15&rft.aulast=Inc&rft.aufirst=InfoWorld+Media+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzj4EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DQuarterdeck%2BMail%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Mail" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qPEu5Wzi018C&pg=PA38"><i>"The box says Microsoft Mail for PC Networks v2.1, but under the hood users will find Consumer Software Inc's, Network Courier..."</i> </a>, August 26, 1991, Computerworld</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/94178">Q94178: PC WFW: Differences Between Win for Workgroups Mail & PC Mail</a> (2006-10-30, retrieved on 2013-07-17)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://superuser.com/questions/1829874/how-to-prevent-windows-mail-from-being-replaced-by-outlook">"How to Prevent Windows Mail from Being Replaced by Outlook"</a>. <i>Super User</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Super+User&rft.atitle=How+to+Prevent+Windows+Mail+from+Being+Replaced+by+Outlook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuperuser.com%2Fquestions%2F1829874%2Fhow-to-prevent-windows-mail-from-being-replaced-by-outlook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Mail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Original reference 2 missing as of 2018. Replacement link: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/kb/094/Q94178/">Q94178: PC WFW: Differences Between Win for Workgroups Mail & PC Mail</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/id/pcmail/">KnowledgeBase Archive</a> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Email_clients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Email_clients" title="Template:Email clients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Email_clients" title="Template talk:Email clients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Email_clients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Email clients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Email_clients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Email_client" title="Email client">Email clients</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_(email_client)" title="Alpine (email client)">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(email_client)" title="Balsa (email client)">Balsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel/UX" title="Citadel/UX">Citadel/UX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claws_Mail" title="Claws Mail">Claws Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleancode_eMail" title="Cleancode eMail">Cleancode eMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Evolution" title="GNOME Evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetchmail" title="Fetchmail">fetchmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fdm_(software)" title="Fdm (software)">fdm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_(e-mail_client)" title="Geary (e-mail client)">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getmail" title="Getmail">getmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUMail" title="GNUMail">GNUMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnus" title="Gnus">Gnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnuzilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnuzilla">Gnuzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Messaging_Program" title="Internet Messaging Program">IMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-9_Mail" title="K-9 Mail">K-9 Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontact" title="Kontact">KMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahogany_(email_client)" title="Mahogany (email client)">Mahogany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailpile" title="Mailpile">Mailpile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailx" title="Mailx">Mailx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirloom_Project" title="Heirloom Project">Mailx (Heirloom Project)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_(email_client)" title="Modest (email client)">Modest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_(email_client)" title="Mulberry (email client)">Mulberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutt_(email_client)" title="Mutt (email client)">Mutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MH_Message_Handling_System" title="MH Message Handling System">nmh / MH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OfflineIMAP" title="OfflineIMAP">OfflineIMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundcube" title="Roundcube">Roundcube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SquirrelMail" title="SquirrelMail">SquirrelMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylpheed" title="Sylpheed">Sylpheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojit%C3%A1" title="Trojitá">Trojitá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YAM_(Yet_Another_Mailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="YAM (Yet Another Mailer)">YAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbra" title="Zimbra">Zimbra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachne_(web_browser)" title="Arachne (web browser)">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beonex_Communicator" title="Beonex Communicator">Beonex Communicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlitzMail" title="BlitzMail">BlitzMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classilla" title="Classilla">Classilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_MM" title="Columbia MM">Columbia MM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_(email_client)" title="Elm (email client)">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Moon_(web_browser)#FossaMail" class="mw-redirect" title="Pale Moon (web browser)">FossaMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_(software)" title="Hula (software)">Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailody" title="Mailody">Mailody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Mail_%26_Newsgroups" title="Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups">Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylas_N1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nylas N1">Nylas N1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freeware/Freemium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EM_Client" title="EM Client">eM Client</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EmailTray" title="EmailTray">EmailTray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxmail" title="Foxmail">Foxmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribe_Mail" title="Scribe Mail">i.Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbird" title="Mailbird">Mailbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(application)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark (application)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_(application)" title="Spike (application)">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TouchMail" title="TouchMail">TouchMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaldi_(web_browser)" title="Vivaldi (web browser)">Vivaldi Mail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiri_(email_client)" title="Hiri (email client)">Hiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomba" title="Bloomba">Bloomba/WordPerfect Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton (app)">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Domino" class="mw-redirect" title="HCL Domino">HCL Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribe_Mail" title="Scribe Mail">InScribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Apple Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail (Windows)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_for_Windows" title="Outlook for Windows">Outlook for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupWise" title="GroupWise">Novell GroupWise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airmail_(email_client)" title="Airmail (email client)">Airmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postbox_(email_client)" title="Postbox (email client)">Postbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Becky!" title="Becky!">Becky!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort%C3%A9_Agent" title="Forté Agent">Forté Agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GyazMail" title="GyazMail">GyazMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bat!" title="The Bat!">The Bat!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Email" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Email">Samsung Email</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Donationware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Mail" title="Pegasus Mail">Pegasus Mail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cc:Mail" title="Cc:Mail">cc:Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claris_Emailer" title="Claris Emailer">Claris Emailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_(email_client)" title="Courier (email client)">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdog" title="Cyberdog">Cyberdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberjack" title="Cyberjack">Cyberjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embrowser" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrowser">Embrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_(email_client)" title="Eudora (email client)">Eudora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_(application)" title="Mailbox (application)">Mailbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Entourage" title="Microsoft Entourage">Microsoft Entourage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Internet_Mail_and_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Internet Mail and News">Microsoft Internet Mail and News</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Internet_Users_Essential_Tool" title="Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tool">MINUET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Mail_%26_Newsgroups" title="Netscape Mail & Newsgroups">Netscape Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape_Messenger_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Netscape Messenger 9">Netscape Messenger 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTMail" class="mw-redirect" title="NeXTMail">NeXTMail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Mail" title="Opera Mail">Opera Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_(email_client)" title="Pine (email client)">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocomail" title="Pocomail">Pocomail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POPmail" class="mw-redirect" title="POPmail">POPmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparrow_(email_client)" title="Sparrow (email client)">Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnpike_(software)" title="Turnpike (software)">Turnpike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSpyder" class="mw-redirect" title="WebSpyder">WebSpyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Mail" title="Windows Live Mail">Windows Live Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Windows Messaging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol" title="JSON Meta Application Protocol">JMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Local Mail Transfer Protocol">LMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-IMAP" title="Push-IMAP">Push-IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Access_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Access Protocol">SMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_email" title="Unicode and email">Unicode and email</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Email_clients" title="Category:Email clients">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_email_clients" title="Comparison of email clients">Comparison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_365" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft_365" title="Template:Microsoft 365"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_365" title="Template talk:Microsoft 365"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_365" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft 365"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_365" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Office" title="History of Microsoft Office">History</a></li> <li>A product of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1.x</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_3.0" title="Microsoft Office 3.0">3.0</a></li> <li>4.x</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_95" title="Microsoft Office 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_97" title="Microsoft Office 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2000" title="Microsoft Office 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XP" title="Microsoft Office XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2003" title="Microsoft Office 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2010" title="Microsoft Office 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2013" title="Microsoft Office 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2016" title="Microsoft Office 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2019" title="Microsoft Office 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_3.0" title="Microsoft Office 3.0">3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_4.2_for_Macintosh" title="Microsoft Office 4.2 for Macintosh">4.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_98_Macintosh_Edition" title="Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2001" title="Microsoft Office 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_v._X" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office v. X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2004_for_Mac" title="Microsoft Office 2004 for Mac">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2008_for_Mac" title="Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_for_Mac_2011" title="Microsoft Office for Mac 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2016" title="Microsoft Office 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2019" title="Microsoft Office 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_365_applications_and_services" title="List of Microsoft 365 applications and services">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project" title="Microsoft Project">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Publisher" title="Microsoft Publisher">Publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visio" title="Microsoft Visio">Visio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excel_Services" title="Excel Services">Excel Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project_Server" title="Microsoft Project Server">Project Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Search_Server" title="Microsoft Search Server">Search Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_for_Business_Server" title="Skype for Business Server">Skype for Business Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Lens">Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Remote" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Remote">Remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sway" title="Microsoft Sway">Sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bookings" title="Microsoft Bookings">Bookings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Delve" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Delve">Delve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Forms" title="Microsoft Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Loop" title="Microsoft Loop">Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_on_the_web" title="Outlook on the web">Outlook on the web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Planner" title="Microsoft Planner">Planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project" title="Microsoft Project">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Stream" title="Microsoft Stream">Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sway" title="Microsoft Sway">Sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_To_Do" title="Microsoft To Do">To Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_365_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Office 365 Video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Engage" title="Viva Engage">Viva Engage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_shared_tools#Discontinued" title="Microsoft Office shared tools">Discontinued shared tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Accounting" title="Microsoft Office Accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Classroom" title="Microsoft Classroom">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docs.com" title="Docs.com">Docs.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Entourage" title="Microsoft Entourage">Entourage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FrontPage" title="Microsoft FrontPage">FrontPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_InfoPath" title="Microsoft InfoPath">InfoPath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_InterConnect" title="Microsoft InterConnect">InterConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Kaizala" title="Microsoft Kaizala">Kaizala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Liquid_Motion" title="Microsoft Liquid Motion">Liquid Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Live_Meeting" title="Microsoft Office Live Meeting">Live Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lync" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Lync">Lync</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Office Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Live" title="Microsoft Office Live">Office Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive_Groups" title="OneDrive Groups">OneDrive Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_PerformancePoint_Server" title="Microsoft Office PerformancePoint Server">PerformancePoint Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Photo_Editor" title="Microsoft Photo Editor">Photo Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PhotoDraw" title="Microsoft PhotoDraw">PhotoDraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Picture_Manager" title="Microsoft Office Picture Manager">Picture Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Project_Portfolio_Server" title="Microsoft Office Project Portfolio Server">Project Portfolio Server</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_Hero" title="Ribbon Hero">Ribbon Hero</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Schedule%2B" title="Microsoft Schedule+">Schedule+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Designer" title="Microsoft SharePoint Designer">SharePoint Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Workspace" title="Microsoft SharePoint Workspace">SharePoint Workspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_for_Business" title="Skype for Business">Skype for Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNP_file_format" title="SNP file format">Snapshot Viewer for Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Vizact" title="Microsoft Vizact">Vizact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word_Viewer" title="Microsoft Word Viewer">Word Viewer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Bridge_Framework" title="Information Bridge Framework">Information Bridge Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">Object Linking and Embedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XML_formats" title="Microsoft Office XML formats">Office XML formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Pivot" title="Power Pivot">Power Pivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_tag_(Microsoft)" title="Smart tag (Microsoft)">Smart tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">Visual Basic for Applications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Microsoft Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Office_filename_extensions" title="List of Microsoft Office filename extensions">Microsoft Office filename extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_password_protection" title="Microsoft Office password protection">Microsoft Office password protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Microsoft Power Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Product_Activation" title="Microsoft Product Activation">Microsoft Product Activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Genuine_Advantage" title="Office Genuine Advantage">Office Genuine Advantage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft_Office" title="Category:Microsoft Office">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840172#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Microsoft Mail (software)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph314873&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&oldid=1225395944">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&oldid=1225395944</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discontinued_Microsoft_software" title="Category:Discontinued Microsoft software">Discontinued Microsoft software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft_email_software" title="Category:Microsoft email software">Microsoft email software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Email_systems" title="Category:Email systems">Email systems</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2009" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2009">Articles needing additional references from May 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 May 2024, at 05:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Mail&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rqr4k","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.522","walltime":"0.732","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1605,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":85793,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1584,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":37839,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 636.699 1 -total"," 22.53% 143.423 6 Template:Navbox"," 19.37% 123.324 1 Template:Email_clients"," 18.94% 120.618 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.00% 114.627 2 Template:Infobox"," 16.04% 102.137 1 Template:Short_description"," 15.46% 98.418 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 15.15% 96.491 2 Template:Cite_book"," 14.98% 95.366 1 Template:Infobox_software"," 14.47% 92.131 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.340","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6330221,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-rhd2j","timestamp":"20241123130355","ttl":644176,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Microsoft Mail","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Mail","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6840172","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6840172","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-03-25T15:12:02Z","dateModified":"2024-05-24T05:31:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/5\/5b\/Microsoft_Mail.png","headline":"several Microsoft email products"}</script> </body> </html>