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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Synchrotron_Radiation_Source&params=53_20_35_N_02_38_26_W_region:GB_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°20′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°38′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.34306°N 2.64056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.34306; -2.64056</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Synchrotron_Radiation_Source_(SRS),_Daresbury_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_954449.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Synchrotron_Radiation_Source_%28SRS%29%2C_Daresbury_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_954449.jpg/300px-Synchrotron_Radiation_Source_%28SRS%29%2C_Daresbury_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_954449.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Synchrotron_Radiation_Source_%28SRS%29%2C_Daresbury_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_954449.jpg/450px-Synchrotron_Radiation_Source_%28SRS%29%2C_Daresbury_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_954449.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Synchrotron_Radiation_Source_%28SRS%29%2C_Daresbury_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_954449.jpg/600px-Synchrotron_Radiation_Source_%28SRS%29%2C_Daresbury_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_954449.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The SRS synchrotron seen in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Synchrotron Radiation Source</b> (<b>SRS</b>) at the <a href="/wiki/Daresbury_Laboratory" title="Daresbury Laboratory">Daresbury Laboratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, England was the first second-generation <a href="/wiki/Synchrotron_radiation" title="Synchrotron radiation">synchrotron radiation</a> source to produce X-rays.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The research facility provided synchrotron radiation to a large number of experimental stations<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had an operating cost of approximately £20 million per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SRS had been operated by the <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Facilities_Council" title="Science and Technology Facilities Council">Science and Technology Facilities Council</a>. The SRS was closed on 4 August 2008 after 28 years of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Radiation_Source&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the closure of the <a href="/wiki/NINA_(accelerator)" title="NINA (accelerator)">NINA</a> synchrotron, construction of the facility commenced in 1975 and the first experiments were completed using the facility by 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-25yr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25yr-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ch13_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986 the <a href="/wiki/Storage_ring" title="Storage ring">storage ring</a> was upgraded with additional focusing to increase the output brightness, the new 'lattice' being termed the HBL (High Brightness Lattice). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_evolution">Design and evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Radiation_Source&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design and evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like all second-generation sources, the SRS was designed to produce synchrotron radiation principally from its <a href="/wiki/Dipole" title="Dipole">dipole</a> magnets, but the initial design foresaw the use of a high-field <a href="/wiki/Insertion_device" title="Insertion device">insertion device</a> to provide shorter-wavelength electromagnetic radiation to particular users. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SRS_Diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SRS_Diagram.png/220px-SRS_Diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SRS_Diagram.png/330px-SRS_Diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SRS_Diagram.png/440px-SRS_Diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption>A diagram of the layout of the SRS</figcaption></figure> <p>The first storage ring design was a 2 <a href="/wiki/GeV" class="mw-redirect" title="GeV">GeV</a> FODO lattice consisting of alternating focussing and defocussing <a href="/wiki/Quadrupoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrupoles">quadrupoles</a>, with one dipole following every quadrupole (i.e. two dipoles per repeating cell), giving a natural <a href="/wiki/Beam_emittance" title="Beam emittance">beam emittance</a> of around 1000 nm-rad with 16 cells. </p><p>The HBL upgrade implemented in 1986 increased the total number of quadrupoles to 32, whilst retaining the same number of cells and geometry, and reduced the operating emittance to around 100 nm-rad in the so-called 'HIQ' (high tune) configuration. A 'LOQ' (low tune) configuration was also provided, to allow the efficient storage of one intense bunch of electrons (instead of up to 160), to provide radiation bursts at 3.123 MHz (the revolution frequency of the electrons, corresponding to the 96 m circumference).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The design of the SRS consisted of a 5 MeV <a href="/wiki/Electron_gun" title="Electron gun">electron gun</a> at the start of an injector <a href="/wiki/Linear_particle_accelerator" title="Linear particle accelerator">linac</a>, which increased the energy to 12 MeV, to feed into a booster ring which boosted the electrons up to 600 MeV, which then fed into and filled up the storage ring. Once the storage ring was "full", the booster and linac were powered down and the energy of the storage ring was then ramped up to 2 GeV.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this design, the storage ring could not be topped up by the linac and booster until the storage ring was turned off, when the beam current was too low for experiments to take place. In the original design, the typical initial circulating current was around 300mA but after the HBL upgrade it was decreased to around 220mA. The beam current would slowly drop over the course of several hours, when it would then have to be "re-filled", however it could be maintained at current of around 200mA for over 30 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The storage ring had 16 dipole magnets from which 16 beamlines at tangents to the ring supplied synchrotron light to many different stations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stations_and_beamlines">Stations and beamlines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Radiation_Source&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stations and beamlines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SRS had 16 beamlines which had many different functions. Below is a list of the experimental stations and their purposes; </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Station Number </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.1 </td> <td>Surface Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.2 </td> <td>Spin-Resolved <a href="/wiki/Photoemission_spectroscopy" title="Photoemission spectroscopy">Photoemission</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.1 </td> <td>Time-Resolved <a href="/wiki/X-ray_diffraction" title="X-ray diffraction">X-Ray Diffraction</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.2 </td> <td>Ultra Small Angle Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.3 </td> <td>High Resolution <a href="/wiki/Powder_diffraction" title="Powder diffraction">Powder Diffraction</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.1 </td> <td>Photo-Ion <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">Mass Spectroscopy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.2 </td> <td>High Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.3 </td> <td>Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.4 </td> <td>Soft X-Ray <a href="/wiki/Extended_X-ray_absorption_fine_structure" title="Extended X-ray absorption fine structure">EXAFS</a>/Contact Microscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy" title="X-ray spectroscopy">X-Ray Spectroscopy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.2 </td> <td>Surface X-Ray Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>5U.1 </td> <td>Surface Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>5U.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/X-ray_microscope" title="X-ray microscope">X-Ray Microscopy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5D </td> <td>Gas-Phase Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angle-resolved_photoemission_spectroscopy" title="Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy">ARPES</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.2 </td> <td>ARPES </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surface-extended_X-ray_absorption_fine_structure" title="Surface-extended X-ray absorption fine structure">Surface EXAFS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.1 </td> <td>EXAFS </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.2 </td> <td>Protein Crystallography </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.3 </td> <td>High Angle Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.4 </td> <td>Energy Dispersive EXAFS </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.5 </td> <td>Beam Monitor Station </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.6 </td> <td>X-Ray Topography </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.1 </td> <td>EXAFS </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Small-angle_scattering" title="Small-angle scattering">Small Angle Scattering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.3 </td> <td>Powder Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.4 </td> <td>Test Station </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.1 </td> <td>High Flux Powder Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.2 </td> <td>EXAFS </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.3 </td> <td>EXAFS and Material Processing </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.4 </td> <td>X-Ray Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.5 </td> <td>Protein Crystallography </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.6 </td> <td>Protein Crystallography </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.7 </td> <td>Energy Dispersive Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.8 </td> <td>High Flux Single Crystal Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_radiation" title="Monochromatic radiation">Monochromatic</a> X-Rays </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.1 </td> <td>Infrared Microspectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.1 </td> <td>Time Resolved Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.1a </td> <td>Time-resolved Confocal Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and Spectroscopy </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.1b </td> <td>Time-resolved <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy" title="Fluorescence spectroscopy">Fluorescence Spectroscopy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.2 </td> <td>Synchrotron Light Area </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">Infrared</a> <a href="/wiki/Interferometry" title="Interferometry">Interferometry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.1 </td> <td>Protein Crystallography and <a href="/wiki/Fiber_diffraction" title="Fiber diffraction">Fiber Diffraction</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.2 </td> <td>Protein Crystallography </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.1 </td> <td>Fixed Wavelength High Intensity Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.2 </td> <td>General Purpose Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.3 </td> <td>Materials and Magnetic Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.4 </td> <td>White Beam Station and Energy Dispersive Powder Diffraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.5 </td> <td>Ultra-Dilute Spectroscopy </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_output_and_achievements">Scientific output and achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Radiation_Source&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scientific output and achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SRS supported a broad range of science, including pioneering work on X-ray diffraction, structural molecular biology, surface physics and chemistry, materials science and upper atmosphere physics.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following its closure, a detailed study of the economic impact of the SRS was made.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been received by scientists who performed part of their prize-winning research using the SRS: Sir <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> in 1997 for his contribution to the understanding of the synthesis of ATP<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">(Adenosine Triphosphate)</a>, a key component of the body’s energy transport, and <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Sir Venki Ramakrishnan</a> for his work on the structure and function of the <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the molecular machine that constructs <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> from ‘instructions’ coded in <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a>. Over 5000 academic papers were produced.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synchrotron_Radiation_Source&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightsources.org/history">"History"</a>. lightsources.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=lightsources.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightsources.org%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynchrotron+Radiation+Source" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Munro2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ian Munro (23 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synchrotron.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49:ihm&catid=51:reviews&Itemid=53">"Joule Lecture: The Saga of X-rays and Synchrotron Radiation in the North West"</a>. <i>Manchester Memoirs</i>. <b>148</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manchester+Memoirs&rft.atitle=Joule+Lecture%3A+The+Saga+of+X-rays+and+Synchrotron+Radiation+in+the+North+West&rft.volume=148&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft.au=Ian+Munro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.synchrotron.org.uk%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D49%3Aihm%26catid%3D51%3Areviews%26Itemid%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynchrotron+Radiation+Source" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScience_&_Technology_Facilities_Council2010" class="citation book cs1">Science & Technology Facilities Council (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukri.org/publications/new-light-on-science-socioeconomic-impact-study-of-daresbury-srs/"><i>New Light on Science: The Social & Economic impact of the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source, (1981-2008)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_physics_research_facilities_based_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major physics research facilities based in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fusion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Torus" title="Joint European Torus">Joint European Torus (JET)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Ampere_Spherical_Tokamak" title="Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak">Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synchrotron light sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Light_Source" title="Diamond Light Source">Diamond Light Source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lasers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Laser_Facility" title="Central Laser Facility">Central Laser Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neutron and muon sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_Neutron_and_Muon_Source" title="ISIS Neutron and Muon Source">ISIS Neutron and Muon Source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atmospheric, astronomy and space science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_Astronomy_Technology_Centre" title="UK Astronomy Technology Centre">UK Astronomy Technology Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilbolton_Observatory" title="Chilbolton Observatory">Chilbolton Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodrell_Bank_Observatory" title="Jodrell Bank Observatory">Jodrell Bank Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Medium-Range_Weather_Forecasts" title="European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts">ECMWF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Energy_Ion_Scattering_Facility" title="Medium Energy Ion Scattering Facility">Medium Energy Ion Scattering Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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