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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Christian_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Christian_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early Christian symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_Christian_symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early Christian symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_Christian_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elemental_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elemental_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Elemental symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elemental_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ichthys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ichthys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ichthys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ichthys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross_and_crucifix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross_and_crucifix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cross and crucifix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross_and_crucifix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peacock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peacock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Peacock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peacock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols_of_Christian_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols_of_Christian_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symbols of Christian Churches</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols_of_Christian_Churches-sublist" 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristian_simvolikas%C4%B1" title="Xristian simvolikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xristian simvolikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbols_del_cristianisme" title="Símbols del cristianisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Símbols del cristianisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5ansk%C3%A9_symboly" title="Křesťanské symboly – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křesťanské symboly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristne_symboler" title="Kristne symboler – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kristne symboler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbole_des_Christentums" title="Symbole des Christentums – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Symbole des Christentums" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Christian symbolism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolismo_cristiano" title="Simbolismo cristiano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Simbolismo cristiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolique_chr%C3%A9tienne_primitive" title="Symbolique chrétienne primitive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Symbolique chrétienne primitive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolismo_cristi%C3%A1n" title="Simbolismo cristián – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Simbolismo cristián" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="기독교 상징주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교 상징주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anski_simboli" title="Kršćanski simboli – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kršćanski simboli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol_Kristen" title="Simbol Kristen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Simbol Kristen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_kereszt%C3%A9ny_liturgia_jelk%C3%A9peinek_list%C3%A1ja" title="A keresztény liturgia jelképeinek listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A keresztény liturgia jelképeinek listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambang_Kristian" title="Lambang Kristian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lambang Kristian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christelijke_symboliek" title="Christelijke symboliek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christelijke symboliek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristne_symboler" title="Kristne symboler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kristne symboler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolika_chrze%C5%9Bcija%C5%84ska" title="Symbolika chrześcijańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Symbolika chrześcijańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbolismo_crist%C3%A3o" title="Simbolismo cristão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Simbolismo cristão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Христианская символика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Христианская символика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristilliset_symbolit" title="Kristilliset symbolit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristilliset symbolit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristna_symboler" title="Kristna symboler – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kristna symboler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கிறித்தவக் குறியீடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" 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class="infobox collapsible collapsed" style="clear:right; float:right; width:20.5em; border:1px solid ; text-align:center; font-size:90%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th style="border:1px solid ; border-top:3px solid ; background:; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0.2em; line-height:1.25em;">Part of a series on</div><div style="padding-bottom:0.33em; font-size:200%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></b></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_GoodShepherd_Face.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jesus Christ is the central figure of Christianity."><img alt="Jesus Christ is the central figure of Christianity." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_GoodShepherd_Face.jpg/180px-StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_GoodShepherd_Face.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="border:1px solid #ccccff; border-top:3px solid #ccccff; background:#ccccff;"><b>Foundations</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0.33em 0 1em; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" title="Twelve Apostles">Apostles</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">Timeline</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul">Paul</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="border:1px solid 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line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creeds</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christian)">Missions</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/East-West_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Schism">East-West Schism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="border:1px solid #ccccff; border-top:3px solid #ccccff; background:#ccccff;"><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination"><span style="color:#000000">Denominations</span></a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0.33em 0 1em; line-height:1.4em;"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholic_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Catholic Churches">Independent Catholic</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Adventist</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Baptist" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" title="Calvinism">Calvinist</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nontrinitarian">Nontrinitarian</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a> · <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint</a> · <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> · <a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphian</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostal</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="border:1px solid #ccccff; border-top:3px solid #ccccff; background:#ccccff;"><b>General topics</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0.33em 0 1em; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Preaching</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Christianity" title="Prayer in Christianity">Prayer</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_and_other_religions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity and other religions (not yet started)">Relation to other religions</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Christian_movements" title="Christian movements">Christian movements</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgical_year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liturgical year (not yet started)">Calendar</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symbols</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/45px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/60px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><hr /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><span>This box: </span><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity" title="Template:Christianity"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity" title="Template talk:Christianity"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Christianity&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Christian symbolism</b> gives objects or actions a meaning that shows <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> ideas. <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religious</a> <a href="/wiki/Symbolism" title="Symbolism">symbolism</a> has an effect when it affects both the <a href="/wiki/Intellect" title="Intellect">intellect</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotions</a>. The choice of actions and objects for symbolism is very small. This makes it hard to chose a symbol that other religions and <a href="/wiki/Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition">traditions</a> do not use.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ces_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ces-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_Christian_symbols">Early Christian symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Early Christian symbols" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Early Christian symbols"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elemental_symbols">Elemental symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Elemental symbols" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Elemental symbols"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Elements (not yet started)">Elemental</a> symbols were often used by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Church (not yet started)">early Church</a>. <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> is an important symbol to Christians. Water is symbolic in <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>. It may also mean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cleansing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cleansing (not yet started)">cleansing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Purity" class="mw-disambig" title="Purity">purity</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">Fire</a> symbolizes both the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> and light. It is often used in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">candle</a> <a href="/wiki/Flame" title="Flame">flame</a>. The sources of these symbols comes from the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. Examples include the <i><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongues</a> of fire</i> that symbolized the Holy Spirit at <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>' description of his followers as <i>the light of the world</i>, and <i>God is a consuming fire</i> found in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%2012&version=nrsv">Hebrews 12</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-soc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ichthys">Ichthys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Ichthys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ichthys"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Ichthys" title="Ichthys">Ichthys</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> was the most important symbol to early Christians. The symbolic fish was familiar to Christians from the earliest times. It can be seen in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monuments</a> such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capella_Greca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capella Greca (not yet started)">Capella Greca</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacrament_Chapels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacrament Chapels (not yet started)">Sacrament Chapels</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catacomb" title="Catacomb">catacomb</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Callistus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Callistus (not yet started)">St Callistus</a>. The fish was used as a Christian symbol in the first <a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">decades</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_century" title="2nd century">2nd century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cefish_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cefish-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The symbol may come from the <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracle</a> Jesus is said to have performed by <a href="/wiki/Multiply" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiply">multiplying</a> loaves of <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> and fishes on the shore of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its popularity is thought to mainly come from an <a href="/wiki/Acrostic" title="Acrostic">acrostic</a> made of the first <a href="/wiki/Letter" title="Letter">letters</a> of five <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> words <i>Iesous CHristos THeou Yios Soter</i>. These form the Greek word <i>Ichthys</i> which means fish. <i>Iesous Christos Theou Yios Soter</i> <a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">translates</a> as <i>Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cefish_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cefish-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross_and_crucifix">Cross and crucifix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Cross and crucifix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Cross and crucifix"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerokreuz_full_20050903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gerokreuz_full_20050903.jpg/220px-Gerokreuz_full_20050903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gerokreuz_full_20050903.jpg/330px-Gerokreuz_full_20050903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gerokreuz_full_20050903.jpg/440px-Gerokreuz_full_20050903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1292" data-file-height="2009" /></a><figcaption>The Crucifix, a cross with <i>corpus</i>. It is a symbol used by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as well as in <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a> is one of the most well known symbols in the world. It was used as a symbol from the earliest times. This is shown in <a href="/wiki/Argument" title="Argument">arguments</a> against Christianity shown in the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavius_(dialog)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octavius (dialog) (not yet started)">Octavius</a></i> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minucius_Felix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minucius Felix (not yet started)">Minucius Felix</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early <a href="/wiki/3rd_century" title="3rd century">3rd century</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clement_of_Alexandria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clement of Alexandria (not yet started)">Clement of Alexandria</a>, used the phrase <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον</span></span></i> (the Lord's sign) to mean the cross. He used the phrase when discussing that the number 318 (in <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a>, ΤΙΗ) in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2014:14&version=nrsv">Genesis 14:14</a> was a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreshadow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreshadow (not yet started)">foreshadowing</a> of the cross and Jesus. T is the Greek number fore 300. ΙΗ, the first two letters of Jesus's name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, means 18.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> called the Christian believers <i>crucis religiosi</i>, <i>i.e.</i> "devotees of the Cross".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i>De Corona</i>, Tertullian tells how it was a <a href="/wiki/Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition">tradition</a> for Christians to trace the sign of the cross on their foreheads.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> was not used until the <a href="/wiki/5th_century" title="5th century">5th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-soc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medievalist</a> <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">historian</a> M.-M. Davy has described in great details Romanesque Symbolism as it developed in the Middle Ages in Western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peacock">Peacock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Peacock" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Peacock"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ancient people believed that the <a href="/wiki/Flesh" title="Flesh">flesh</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Peafowl" title="Peafowl">peafowl</a> did not decay after death. It became a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortality</a>. This symbolism was used by early Christianity. Many early Christian <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">paintings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> show the peacock. The peacock is still used in the <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> season in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols_of_Christian_Churches">Symbols of Christian Churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Symbols of Christian Churches" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Symbols of Christian Churches"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptism_-_Marcellinus_and_Peter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Baptism_-_Marcellinus_and_Peter.jpg/220px-Baptism_-_Marcellinus_and_Peter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Baptism_-_Marcellinus_and_Peter.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Baptism in early Christian art.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacraments">Sacraments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Sacraments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Sacraments"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the oldest symbols in the Christian <a href="/wiki/Church" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Church">church</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">sacraments</a>. The number of sacraments is different in each <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>. All denominations have <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>. Others which may or may not be used are <a href="/wiki/Ordination" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordination">ordination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">unction</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confirmation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confirmation (not yet started)">confirmation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_views_of_marriage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian views of marriage (not yet started)">marriage</a>. The rites are seen as a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism" title="Spiritualism">spiritual</a> change or event that takes place. In the Eucharist, the bread and <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> are symbolic of the body and blood of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. In Roman Catholicism, they become the <i>actual</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Body_of_Christ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Body of Christ (not yet started)">Body of Christ</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_of_Christ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blood of Christ (not yet started)">Blood of Christ</a> through <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a>. This represent <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">salvation</a> brought by the death of Jesus. The rite of baptism is symbolic of the cleansing of the <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sinner</a> by God. Where baptism is by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immersion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immersion (not yet started)">immersion</a>, it symbolizes spiritual death and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">resurrection</a>. Different groups believe the sacraments mean different things. Some <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> denominations think they are only symbolic. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a>, Orthodox, some Anglicans, and some Lutherans feel that, by the power of God, the sacraments have an actual effect."<sup id="cite_ref-ce_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_other_symbols">Examples of other symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Examples of other symbols" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Examples of other symbols"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg/250px-Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg/375px-Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg/500px-Trinidad-Anglican-Episcopal-Coat-of-Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The coat of arms of the Anglican diocese of Trinidad contains several Christian visual symbols</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_omega" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha and omega">Alpha and omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bestiary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bestiary (not yet started)">Bestiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borromean_rings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borromean rings (not yet started)">Borromean rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_Bush_(Christian_symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning Bush (Christian symbol)">Burning Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">Candles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_flag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian flag (not yet started)">Christian flag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chi_Rho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chi Rho (not yet started)">Chi Rho</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labarum (not yet started)">Labarum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_and_Crown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross and Crown (not yet started)">Cross and Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christogram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christogram (not yet started)">IHS (monogram)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flaming_sword_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flaming sword (mythology) (not yet started)">Flaming sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthys" title="Ichthys">Ichthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INRI" class="mw-redirect" title="INRI">INRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram" title="Pentagram">Pentagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican" title="Pelican">Pelican</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_Cross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose Cross (not yet started)">Rose Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shield_of_the_Trinity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shield of the Trinity (not yet started)">Shield of the Trinity</a> (or <i>Scutum Fidei</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trefoil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trefoil (not yet started)">Trefoil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triquetra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triquetra (not yet started)">Triquetra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vesica_Piscis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vesica Piscis (not yet started)">Vesica Piscis</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wordless_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wordless Book">The Wordless Book</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hirr.hartsem.edu/ency/Symbols.htm">"Content Pages of the Encyclopedia of Religion and Social Science"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Content+Pages+of+the+Encyclopedia+of+Religion+and+Social+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhirr.hartsem.edu%2Fency%2FSymbols.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+symbolism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ces-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ces_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1912" class="citation web cs1">Thurston, Herbert (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14373b.htm">"Symbolism"</a>. <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Robert Appleton Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Symbolism&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14373b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+symbolism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-soc_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-soc_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Dilasser, Maurice. <i>The Symbols of the Church</i> (1999). Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, hardcover: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-2538-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-2538-X">0-8146-2538-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cefish-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cefish_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cefish_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHassett1912" class="citation web cs1">Hassett, Maurice (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06083a.htm">"Symbolism of the Fish"</a>. <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Robert Appleton Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Symbolism+of+the+Fish&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Hassett&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F06083a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+symbolism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2021:9&version=nrsv">John 21:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-04/anf04-34.htm">ANF04. Fathers of the Third Century: Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second | Christian Classics Ethereal Library</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Minucius Felix speaks of the cross of Jesus in its familiar form, likening it to objects with a crossbeam or to a man with arms outstretched in prayer (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-04/anf04-34.htm#P5713_906729">Octavius of Minucius Felix</a>, chapter XXIX).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-stromata-book6.html">Stromata, book VI, chapter XI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0301.htm"><i>Apology</i>., chapter xvi.</a> In this chapter and elsewhere in the same book, Tertullian clearly distinguishes between a cross and a stake.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"At every forward step and movement, at every going in and out, when we put on our clothes and shoes, when we bathe, when we sit at table, when we light the lamps, on couch, on seat, in all the ordinary actions of daily life, we trace upon the forehead the sign" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.iv.vi.iii.html"><i>De Corona</i>, chapter 3</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M.-M. Davy, <i>Initiation à la Symbolique Romane</i>. New edition. Paris: Flammarion, 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Birds, symbolic." Peter and Linda Murray, Oxford Dictionary of Christian Art (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ce-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ce_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1912" class="citation web cs1">Kennedy, D.J (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13295a.htm#IV">"Sacraments"</a>. <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Robert Appleton Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Sacraments&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=D.J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F13295a.htm%23IV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+symbolism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_symbolism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetgast.net/symbols/">Symbols in Christian Art and Architecture</a> Comprehensive general listing.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christiansymbols.net">Christian Symbols Net</a> Very comprehensive site, complete with search engine.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gocek.org/christiansymbols/">Christian Symbols and Glossary</a> (keyword searchable, includes symbols of saints)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/symbols.htm">ReligionFacts.com: Christian Symbols</a> Basic Christian symbols A to T, types of crosses, number symbolism and color symbolism.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creationsanewflags.com/ColorMeaning.aspx">Meaning of Colors for Flags</a> Biblical meanings of color used for Christian worship flags.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ridingthebeast.com/articles/colors/">Color Symbolism in The Bible</a> An in depth study on symbolic color occurrence in The Bible.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kwu.edu/campuslife/woodcarvings.htm">Christian Symbol Wood Carvings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026173201/http://www.kwu.edu/campuslife/woodcarvings.htm">Archived</a> 2005-10-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Forty symbols at Kansas Wesleyan University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholic-resources.org/Art/Koch-ChristianSymbols.htm">Old Christian Symbols from book by Rudolf Koch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldclipart.com/products/crestsymbols.htm">Christian Symbols, Origins and Meanings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051022004442/http://www.goldclipart.com/products/crestsymbols.htm">Archived</a> 2005-10-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/m.low1">Tree of Jesse Directory by Malcolm Low.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012154246/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/m.low1">Archived</a> 2008-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ezartsncrafts.com/christiansymbols.html">Chrismon Templates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150813222713/http://ezartsncrafts.com/christiansymbols.html">Archived</a> 2015-08-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Symbol outlines that can be use to create 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