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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">CBI – Confederation of British Industry</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CBI_brand_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CBI_brand_logo.png/220px-CBI_brand_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/CBI_brand_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="108" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CBI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1965<span class="noprint">; 59 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1965</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organisation">Non-profit organisation</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">British industry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street" title="Cannon Street">Cannon Street</a>, London, <a href="/wiki/EC_postcode_area" title="EC postcode area">EC4</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chair</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Soames" title="Rupert Soames">Rupert Soames</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">CEO</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rain_Newton-Smith" title="Rain Newton-Smith">Rain Newton-Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">CBI Council</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbi.org.uk/">cbi.org.uk</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Confederation of British Industry</b> (<b>CBI</b>) is a British business <a href="/wiki/Interest_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Interest group">interest group</a>, which says it represents 190,000 businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CBI has been described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> as "Britain's biggest business <a href="/wiki/Lobby_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobby group">lobby group</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Incorporated by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cbi3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its mission is to promote the conditions in which businesses of all sizes and sectors in the UK can compete and prosper for the benefit of all. In 2023, the association was shaken by numerous accusations of sexual misconduct in the organisation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CBI's membership includes companies from the <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100" class="mw-redirect" title="FTSE 100">FTSE 100</a>, mid-caps, <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">SMEs</a>, privately owned businesses, trade associations, universities and other public bodies. The CBI has members in many sectors: agriculture, automotive, aerospace, construction, creative, education, financial services, IT, manufacturing, professional services, retail, transport, tourism and utilities.<sup id="cite_ref-cbi1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CBI is made up of around 1,500 direct members and 188,500 non-members. The non-members are represented through 140 <a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">trade associations</a> within the confederation, for whose memberships the CBI also asserts representation, but which are not involved in the CBI's policy formulation. The <a href="/wiki/National_Farmers_Union_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Farmers Union of England and Wales">National Farmers' Union</a>, with 55,000 members, is the largest component of the 188,500 non-members the CBI says it represents. The <a href="/wiki/Country_Land_and_Business_Association" title="Country Land and Business Association">Country Land and Business Association</a> brings another 30,000 non-members, the <a href="/wiki/Freight_Transport_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight Transport Association">Freight Transport Association</a> 13,000, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Master_Builders" title="Federation of Master Builders">Federation of Master Builders</a> 9,500, the <a href="/wiki/Road_Haulage_Association" title="Road Haulage Association">Road Haulage Association</a> 8,100 and the <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Builders" title="National Federation of Builders">National Federation of Builders</a> 1,400. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CBI works to promote business interests by <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Policy_advocacy" title="Policy advocacy">advising</a> governments, networking with other businesses and creating intelligence through analysis of government policies and compilation of statistics, both in the United Kingdom and internationally through their offices in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-cbi2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organisation is non-partisan and has sought legal advice to ensure neutrality.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most recent Director-General was <a href="/wiki/Tony_Danker" title="Tony Danker">Tony Danker</a>, who assumed the role on 30 November 2020, but had to step aside after misconduct allegations in March 2023, with Matthew Fell being appointed on an interim basis.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Danker's dismissal was announced on 11 April 2023. His successor is Rain Newton-Smith, previously chief economist at the CBI.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CBI is governed by its royal charter and by the CBI Council, which is able to delegate many of its roles to the Chairs' Committee and Board. Final policy positions are mandated by the CBI Chairs' Committee, which has a seat for all of the chairs of its regional and national councils and subject-based policy standing committees, SME Council and Trade Association Council. The Chairs' Committee meets following each Standing Committee and Regional Council round.<sup id="cite_ref-news.cbi.org.uk_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.cbi.org.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CBI's strategic and financial decisions are decided on by the CBI Board, which is chaired by the CBI President and includes the support and guidance of 4 other non-executives. Day-to-day management of the CBI is in the hands of the Director-General supported by a Management Board, made up of a number of CBI directors.<sup id="cite_ref-news.cbi.org.uk_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.cbi.org.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A President's Committee, made up of members, advises the president. The president, with the approval of the Chairs' Committee (under its delegated powers), appoints the director-general, who is responsible for the management of the CBI.<sup id="cite_ref-cbi3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has offices based in every region of the UK, including teams in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, along with offices in Washington D.C, New Delhi, Beijing and Brussels.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, the CBI confirmed it was holding talks with <a href="/wiki/Make_UK" title="Make UK">Make UK</a> about working together that could include a possible merger.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organisation was formed in 1965 out of a merger of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_British_Industries" title="Federation of British Industries">Federation of British Industries</a> (known as FBI), the <a href="/wiki/British_Employers%27_Confederation" title="British Employers' Confederation">British Employers' Confederation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_British_Manufacturers" title="National Association of British Manufacturers">National Association of British Manufacturers</a>. </p><p>The CBI opened an office in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> in 1971, to open up opportunities in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. Other international offices have opened in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> (2002), <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> (2005) and <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> (2011). </p><p>In March 2014 it moved its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Centre_Point" title="Centre Point">Centre Point</a>, London, to offices in Cannon Place, located above <a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannon Street railway station">Cannon Street railway station</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_misconduct_scandal">Sexual misconduct scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sexual misconduct scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2023, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reported on a sexual harassment complaint made against CBI director-general <a href="/wiki/Tony_Danker" title="Tony Danker">Tony Danker</a> with additional allegations by other staff members. The CBI started an independent investigation, and Danker was replaced as head of the CBI by Matthew Fell, the organisation's UK policy director, on an interim basis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2024 it was announced that the CBI had settled on undisclosed terms an action for wrongful dismissal brought against it by Danker.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 April 2023, <i>The Guardian</i> published a report with more than a dozen current and recent women employees of CBI alleging to have been victims of sexual misconduct, including one rape, independent of the previously reported Danker allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CBI expanded its investigation to include the new allegations and cancelled all future events, including its annual dinner.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 April 2023, the business group appointed its former Chief Economist <a href="/wiki/Rain_Newton-Smith" title="Rain Newton-Smith">Rain Newton-Smith</a> as its new Director General, one month after she had left the CBI to join <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 April 2023, the <i>Guardian</i> reported that a second woman has said she was raped by CBI colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, a number of major UK companies terminated their memberships with the CBI including <a href="/wiki/Arup_Group" title="Arup Group">Arup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aviva" title="Aviva">Aviva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Group" title="Phoenix Group">Phoenix Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_%26_Partners" title="John Lewis & Partners">John Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Insurance_Group" title="Zurich Insurance Group">Zurich Insurance Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/NatWest_Group" title="NatWest Group">NatWest</a>, <a href="/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc">WPP plc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major members of the CBI, including Barclays, <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/TSB_Bank_(United_Kingdom)" title="TSB Bank (United Kingdom)">TSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Banking_Group" title="Lloyds Banking Group">Lloyds Banking Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>, <a href="/wiki/PwC" title="PwC">PwC</a> and many more announced they were pausing activities with the CBI pending the outcome of the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CBI has appointed law firm Fox Williams to conduct an independent investigation into the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group has suspended three employees pending the outcome of an investigation by Fox Williams.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023, the CBI announced that it had appointed Principia Advisory to assist it to "identify the root causes of past failure, and recommend the changes required for cultural renewal and rebuilding trust".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CBI conducted a poll asking its members the question: "Do the changes we have made − and the commitments we have set out − to reform our governance, culture, and purpose give you the confidence you need to support the CBI?" The result, announced on 6 June 2023, was that 93% of its members voted in favour of continuing to support the organisation;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however it later became known that turnout was only 28%, so fewer than a third of members voted in support.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20230613_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20230613-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, it was reported that the CBI was seeking around £3 million from its members within days of its Annual General Meeting in order to avoid 'financial oblivion'.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 September the organisation's AGM was meant to be held. It was announced the day prior that this would be postponed until further notice.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, it was reported that the UK <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Jeremy Hunt</a>, had agreed to hold face-to-face talks with <a href="/wiki/Rain_Newton-Smith" title="Rain Newton-Smith">Rain Newton Smith</a> ahead of the Chancellor's Autumn Statement, set to be held in November. This news came five months after the Chancellor had claimed there was 'no point' in engaging with the CBI following its recent scandals.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2024, <i>The Guardian</i> reported that the CBI had used gagging clauses (<a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a>, NDAs) to prevent staff from discussing their sexual misconduct and bullying experiences at the organisation. The NDAs were accompanied by substantial financial settlements, with the total bill approaching £1m.<sup id="cite_ref-Isaac-26Mar2024_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isaac-26Mar2024-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exodus of fee-paying members had made CBI's financial situation precarious, forced it to lay off one-third of its 300 staff in a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Isaac-26Mar2024_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isaac-26Mar2024-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Soames" title="Rupert Soames">Rupert Soames</a> took up the position as the CBI's new President in early 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CBI conducts numerous surveys that are of particular use to its members and stakeholders. Research is available to the relevant sections of its membership. The CBI's surveys are currently:<sup id="cite_ref-cbi5_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Industrial Trends</li> <li>Distributive Trends</li> <li>Service Sector</li> <li>Financial Sector</li> <li>SME Trends</li> <li>Investment Intentions</li></ul> <p>Occasional surveys include: </p> <ul><li>Procurement</li> <li>London Business</li> <li>Education and Skills</li> <li>Absence</li> <li>Employment Trends</li></ul> <p>CBI policy is decided through consultation with its members – companies from all sectors and sizes of business across the UK are directly involved in the policy-making process. The CBI publishes numerous reports each year on a wide range of issues that of interest and relevance to its members. Recent campaigns include "Future Champions",<sup id="cite_ref-cbi6_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi6-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> promoting the contribution and role of mid-sized businesses, "Industrial Futures",<sup id="cite_ref-cbi7_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi7-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> looking at how government should intervene in the economy to promote growth, and a report on the need to strengthen UK <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a> published in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CBI publishes <i>Business Voice</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-cbi8_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi8-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a monthly magazine for its membership and 'Intelligence FIRST',<sup id="cite_ref-cbi9_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbi9-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an occasional publication providing strategic guidance for members on regulatory and economic change. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Great_Business_Debate">The Great Business Debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Great Business Debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2014, the CBI started <i>The Great Business Debate</i> campaign aimed at increasing public confidence in business. Survey data found that only around 50% of people in the UK think that business contributes positively to society and the campaign was initiated to play a part in increasing that figure. A website and social media channels have been set up to openly promote the contribution business makes whilst enabling people and organisations to give their opinions on this. It is planned that various events and other occurrences will take place across the UK as part of the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_personnel">Senior personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Senior personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Soames" title="Rupert Soames">Rupert Soames</a>, <i>Chair</i></li> <li>Peter Hogg, <i>Senior Council Chair</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_McBride_(businessman)" title="Brian McBride (businessman)">Brian McBride</a>, <i>Non-Executive Director (former President)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Newton-Smith" title="Rain Newton-Smith">Rain Newton-Smith</a> <i>CEO</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_former_directors-general">List of former directors-general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of former directors-general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(British_businessman)" title="John Davies (British businessman)">John Davies</a> (30 July 1965 – 15 October 1969)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Adamson" title="Campbell Adamson">Campbell Adamson</a> (15 October 1969 – 2 July 1976)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Methven" title="John Methven">John Methven</a> (2 July 1976 – 23 April 1980) <i>died in office</i></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Terence_Beckett" title="Terence Beckett">Terence Beckett</a> (1 October 1980 – 26 March 1987)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Banham" title="John Banham">John Banham</a> (26 March 1987 – 26 June 1992)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Howard_Davies_(economist)" title="Howard Davies (economist)">Howard Davies</a>, (29 June 1992 – 31 December 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adair_Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Adair Turner">Adair Turner</a> (1 January 1995 – 31 December 2000)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Digby_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Digby Jones">Digby Jones</a> (1 January 2001 – 30 June 2006)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lambert" title="Richard Lambert">Richard Lambert</a> (1 July 2006 – 30 January 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cridland" title="John Cridland">John Cridland</a> (31 January 2011 – October 2015)</li> <li>Dame <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Fairbairn" title="Carolyn Fairbairn">Carolyn Fairbairn</a> (1 November 2015 – 6 December 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Danker" title="Tony Danker">Tony Danker</a> (30 November 2020 – 11 April 2023)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Chambers_of_Commerce" title="British Chambers of Commerce">British Chambers of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Small_Businesses" title="Federation of Small Businesses">Federation of Small Businesses</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_British_Industry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOwen2014" class="citation news cs1">Owen, Jonathan (9 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/cbi-says-wage-rises-are-on-the-way-at-last-9849241.html">"CBI says wage rises are on the way at 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href="https://mrc.epexio.com/records/CBI">Catalogue of the CBI archives</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records_Centre,_University_of_Warwick" title="Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick">Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Confederation_of_European_Business" title="Template:Confederation of European Business"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Confederation_of_European_Business" title="Template talk:Confederation of European Business"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Confederation_of_European_Business" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Confederation of European Business"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Confederation_of_European_Business" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_European_Business" title="Confederation of European Business">Confederation of European Business</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Business_Summit" title="European Business Summit">European Business Summit</a></li> <li>BusinessEurope Day</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Austrian_Industries" title="Federation of Austrian Industries">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_des_Entreprises_de_Belgique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération des Entreprises de Belgique">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Industrial_Association_%E2%80%93_Union_of_the_Bulgarian_Business&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian Industrial Association – Union of the Bulgarian Business (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economiesuisse" title="Economiesuisse">economiesuisse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schweizerischer_Arbeitgeberverband&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schweizerischer Arbeitgeberverband (page does not exist)">Schweizerischer Arbeitgeberverband</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyprus_Employers_%26_Industrialists_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyprus Employers & Industrialists Federation (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Industry_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Confederation of Industry of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_German_Industries" title="Federation of German Industries">Federation of Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_German_Employers%27_Associations" title="Confederation of German Employers' Associations">Confederation of Employers' Associations</a></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Danish_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Danish Industries">Confederation of Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_Danish_Employers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederation of Danish Employers (page does not exist)">Confederation of Employers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Employers%27_Confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian Employers' Confederation (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Confederation_of_Employers%27_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Finnish_Industries" title="Confederation of Finnish Industries">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_des_Entreprises_de_France" title="Mouvement des Entreprises de France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellenic_Federation_of_Enterprises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hrvatska_Udruga_Poslodavaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hrvatska Udruga Poslodavaca (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_Hungarian_Employers_and_Industrialists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederation of Hungarian Employers and Industrialists (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Business_and_Employers_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Business and Employers Confederation">Ireland</a></li> <li>Iceland <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federation_of_Icelandic_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federation of Icelandic Industries (page does not exist)">Federation of Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederation_of_Icelandic_Employers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederation of Icelandic Employers (page does not exist)">Confederation of Employers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederazione_Generale_dell%27_Industria_Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederazione Generale dell' Industria Italiana">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_pramoninink%C5%B3_konfederacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Lietuvos pramonininkų konfederacija">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Business_Federation_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Business Federation Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Employers%27_Confederation_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Employers' Confederation of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montenegrin_Employers_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montenegrin Employers Federation (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Malta_Chamber_of_Commerce_Enterprise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Malta Chamber of Commerce Enterprise (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Netherlands_Industry_and_Employers" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Norwegian_Enterprise" title="Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Confederation_of_Private_Employers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish Confederation of Private Employers (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confedera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Ind%C3%BAstria_Portuguesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederação da Indústria Portuguesa (page does not exist)">Confederação da Indústria Portuguesa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concordia_(business_confederation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concordia (business confederation) (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unija_poslodavaca_Srbije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unija poslodavaca Srbije (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Employers_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Employers of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Union_of_Employers_(Slovakia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Union of Employers (Slovakia) (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associazione_Nazionale_dell%27Industria_Sammarinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associazione Nazionale dell'Industria Sammarinese (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Swedish_Enterprise" title="Confederation of Swedish Enterprise">Sweden</a></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Industrialists%27_and_Businessmen%27s_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association">TÜSİAD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Confederation_of_Employer_Associations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (page does not exist)">TİSK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Economy of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Economy of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_co-operative_movement" title="British co-operative movement">Co-operatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Employee-owned_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Employee-owned companies of the United Kingdom">Employee-owned companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_250_Index" title="FTSE 250 Index">FTSE 250 Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_Fledgling_Index" title="FTSE Fledgling Index">FTSE Fledgling Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_SmallCap_Index" title="FTSE SmallCap Index">FTSE SmallCap Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government-owned_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Government-owned companies of the United Kingdom">Government-owned companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Currency,<br />governance,<br />regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Monetary Policy Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_company_law" title="United Kingdom company law">Company law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business_and_Trade" title="Department for Business and Trade">Department for Business and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Conduct_Authority" title="Financial Conduct Authority">Financial Conduct Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-edged_securities" title="Gilt-edged securities">Gilts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_%26_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Revenue & Customs">HM Revenue & Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_Management_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Debt Management Office (United Kingdom)">Debt Management Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Budget_Responsibility" title="Office for Budget Responsibility">Office for Budget Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Coins of the pound sterling">Coinage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Statistics_Authority" title="UK Statistics Authority">UK Statistics Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment" title="UK Trade & Investment">UK Trade & Investment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Chronological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">1659–1849 Navigation Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Revolution" title="Financial Revolution">Financial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1796%E2%80%9397" class="mw-redirect" title="Panic of 1796–97">Panic of 1796–97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">1815–46 Corn Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism 1830s–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">1873–79 Long Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike" title="1926 United Kingdom general strike">1926 general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Great Depression in the United Kingdom">1929–39 Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">1948–52 Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-Day_Week" title="Three-Day Week">1974 Three-Day Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_of_Discontent" title="Winter of Discontent">1979 Winter of Discontent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang_(financial_markets)" title="Big Bang (financial markets)">1986 Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Wednesday" title="Black Wednesday">1992 Black Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe#United_Kingdom" title="Great Recession in Europe">Late-2000s recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_Kingdom_bank_rescue_package" title="2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package">2008 bank rescue package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_United_Kingdom_bank_rescue_package" title="2009 United Kingdom bank rescue package">2009 bank rescue package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">2020 Withdrawal from the European Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Growth_deal" title="Growth deal">Growth deal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom%27s_financial_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United Kingdom's financial response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">Impact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%93present_United_Kingdom_cost-of-living_crisis" title="2021–present United Kingdom cost-of-living crisis">Cost-of-living crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Recurrent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of recessions in the United Kingdom">Recessions and recoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_champions" title="National champions">National champions policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization#United_Kingdom" title="Nationalization">Nationalisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Nations,<br />regions,<br />cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Gateway_(North_West_England)" title="Atlantic Gateway (North West England)">Atlantic Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Birmingham" title="Economy of Birmingham">Birmingham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_City_Plan" title="Big City Plan">Big City Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bristol" title="Economy of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cornwall" title="Economy of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="Economy of the London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Devon" title="Economy of Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Dorset" title="Economy of Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_plans_for_Milton_Keynes" title="Expansion plans for Milton Keynes">Expansion plans for Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Leeds" title="Economy of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_in_England_by_GDP" title="List of ceremonial counties in England by GDP">List of counties by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_in_England_by_gross_value_added" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties in England by gross value added">List of counties by GVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liverpool" title="Economy of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_London" title="Economy of London">London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_London_Tech_City" title="East London Tech City">East London Tech City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_corridor" title="M4 corridor">M4 corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M11_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="M11 Corridor">M11 Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Manchester" title="Economy of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Reading,_Berkshire" title="Economy of Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sheffield" title="Economy of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Fen" title="Silicon Fen">Silicon Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Somerset" title="Economy of Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Gateway" title="Thames Gateway">Thames Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_England" title="Transport in England">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wiltshire" title="Economy of Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Northern<br />Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belfast" title="Economy of Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aberdeen" title="Economy of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Edinburgh" title="Economy of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Industrial Revolution in Scotland">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland" title="Economic history of Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_and_gas_industry_in_Scotland" title="Category:Oil and gas industry in Scotland">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cardiff" title="Economy of Cardiff">Cardiff</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Bay" title="Cardiff Bay">Cardiff Bay</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Wales" title="Economic history of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Wales" title="Industrial Revolution in Wales">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Wales" title="Renewable energy in Wales">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Swansea" title="Economy of Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Wales" title="Transport in Wales">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">People<br />and labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_billionaires" title="Category:British billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_businesspeople" title="Category:British businesspeople">Businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_labour_law" title="United Kingdom labour law">Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_employment_equality_law" title="United Kingdom employment equality law">Equal opportunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Wage_Act_1998" title="National Minimum Wage Act 1998">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Time_Directive_2003" title="Working Time Directive 2003">Working Time Directive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pensions in the United Kingdom">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">Trades unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">Trades Union Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unemployment in the United Kingdom">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resource and<br />production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">Fracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">Hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider#United_Kingdom" title="Cider">Cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Beer in the United Kingdom">Beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">Mining</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Financial services in the United Kingdom">Financial<br />services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange" title="Baltic Exchange">Baltic Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Banking in the United Kingdom">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">List of banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_building_societies#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of building societies">List of UK building societies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">The City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext#Euronext.liffe" title="Euronext">Euronext.liffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Services_District" title="International Financial Services District">Glasgow International Financial Services District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Insurance in the United Kingdom">Insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCH_(clearing_house)" title="LCH (clearing house)">LCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libor" title="Libor">London Interbank Offered Rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metal_Exchange" title="London Metal Exchange">London Metal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Platinum_and_Palladium_Market" title="London Platinum and Palladium Market">London Platinum and Palladium Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Investment_Market" title="Alternative Investment Market">Alternative Investment Market</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">International students</a></li></ul></li> <li>Entertainment & <a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United Kingdom">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gambling in the United Kingdom">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in the United Kingdom">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Legal services in the United Kingdom">Legal services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of exports of the United Kingdom">Exports</a></li></ul></li> <li>Property <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Architecture of the United Kingdom">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Construction industry of the United Kingdom">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affordability_of_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Affordability of housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Real estate in the United Kingdom">Real estate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet in the United Kingdom">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom">Supermarkets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_rail_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Structure of the rail industry in the United Kingdom">Rail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Inter-city rail in the United Kingdom">Inter-city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-speed rail in the United Kingdom">High-speed</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Trade and<br />business<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Business_organisations_based_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Business organisations based in the United Kingdom">Business organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bankers%27_Association" title="British Bankers' Association">British Bankers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chambers_of_Commerce" title="British Chambers of Commerce">British Chambers of Commerce</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Confederation of British Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operatives_UK" title="Co-operatives UK">Co-operatives UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Small_Businesses" title="Federation of Small Businesses">Federation of Small Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_associations_based_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Trade associations based in the United Kingdom">Industry trade groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Directors" title="Institute of Directors">Institute of Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_UK" title="Make UK">Make UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Payments_Administration" title="UK Payments Administration">UK Payments Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Economy of the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economy of the United Kingdom">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992409#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992409#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992409#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Confederation of British Industry"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008435915&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="British Employers' Confederation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008435916&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Association of British Manufacturers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008435917&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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