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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Progressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada%22">"Progressive Conservative Party of Canada"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Progressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Progressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Progressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Progressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Progressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</b> (<b>PC</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of federal political parties in Canada">federal political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> that existed from 1942 to 2003. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #9999FF; border-bottom:2px solid #9999FF; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org"><span class="nowrap">Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</span></div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1996.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1996.svg/250px-Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1996.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1996.svg/375px-Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1996.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1996.svg/500px-Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1996.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="111"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>PC (English)</li><li>PPC (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian French language">French</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="#Party_leaders">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10 December 1942<span class="noprint">; 82 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">10 December 1942</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">7 December 2003<span class="noprint">; 21 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">7 December 2003</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative (1867)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative (2003)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">806-141 <a href="/wiki/Laurier_Avenue" title="Laurier Avenue">Laurier Avenue West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2003)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">40,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canadian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democrat Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9999FF; color:black;border:1px solid grey;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Blue-purple</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">211 / 282</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/33rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="33rd Canadian Parliament">1984–1986</a>)</span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19981212020328/http://pcparty.ca/">pcparty.ca</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 1998-12-12)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #9999FF;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style> <p>From <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> in 1867 until 1942, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">original Conservative Party of Canada</a> participated in numerous governments and had multiple names. In 1942, its name was changed to the Progressive Conservative Party under the request of newly elected party leader <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">John Bracken</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Party of Manitoba">Progressive Party of Manitoba</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">1957 federal election</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> carried the party to their first victory in 27 years and <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">the following year</a>, led the party to the largest federal electoral landslide in history. During his tenure, human rights initiatives were achieved, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bill_of_Rights" title="Canadian Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963 federal election</a>, the party lost power and would not regain it until <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> led the party to a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> victory. The party lost power just <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">nine months later</a> and in 1983, Clark <a href="/wiki/1983_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election">lost his leadership role</a> to <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>, who helped the PC Party gain popularity in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Mulroney won back-to-back <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">governments</a> in <a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a> and <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a>, and during his tenure, major economic reforms such as the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services_tax_(Canada)" title="Goods and services tax (Canada)">goods and services tax</a> (GST) were introduced. </p><p>The GST, the government's failed attempts to revise the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">Charlottetown</a> accords, and the <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">early 1990s recession</a>, led to the party's increasing unpopularity and eventual collapse in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal election</a> where they won just two seats. In <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> the bulk of the party's support transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a> (which later became the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a>), while in Quebec support shifted to the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">sovereigntist</a> <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a>. The Progressive Conservatives failed to recover much lost ground in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a> and <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a> federal elections. When it became clear that neither the Progressive Conservatives nor the Canadian Alliance could on their own defeat the incumbent Liberals, an effort to <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_(Canada)" title="Unite the Right (Canada)">unite the right-of-centre parties</a> emerged. Eventually, in 2003 the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the current <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>. </p><p>Like their British counterparts, members and supporters of the Progressive Conservative Party were known as "Tories". Provincial variants of the Progressive Conservative Party continue to exist in a number of provinces. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Historical_overview"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical overview</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ideology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Ideology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Progressive_Conservative_history"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Progressive Conservative history</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Clark-Mulroney_era"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Clark-Mulroney era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Post-Mulroney_era_and_decline"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Post-Mulroney era and decline</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Merger_with_Alliance"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Merger with Alliance</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Rump_PC_caucus"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Rump PC caucus</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#House_of_Commons"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">House of Commons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Senate"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Senate</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Progressive_Canadian_Party"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Progressive Canadian Party</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Party_leaders"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Party leaders</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Progressive_Conservative_leaders_in_the_Senate"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Progressive Conservative leaders in the Senate</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Party_presidents"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Party presidents</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Election_results_(1945%E2%80%932000)"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Election results (1945–2000)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical overview" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)</a></div> <p>The party pre-dates Confederation in 1867, when it accepted many conservative-leaning former members of the Liberal Party into its ranks. At Confederation, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party</a> became Canada's first governing party under <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Sir John A. Macdonald</a>. The federal Tories governed Canada for over 40 of the country's first 70 years of existence. </p><p>However, the party spent the majority of its history in opposition as the nation's number-two federal party, behind the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>. From 1896 to 1993, the Tories formed government six times—from 1911 to 1921, briefly in 1926, from 1930 to 1935, from 1957 to 1963, from 1979 to 1980 and from 1984 to 1993. It stands as the only Canadian party to have won more than 200 seats in an election—a feat it accomplished twice: in <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The party adopted the "Progressive Conservative" name in 1942 when Manitoba <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">John Bracken</a>, a long-time leader of that province's <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive Party</a>, agreed to become leader of the federal Conservatives on condition that the party add <i>Progressive</i> to its name.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite the name change, most former Progressive supporters continued to support the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a>, and Bracken's leadership of the Conservative Party came to an end in 1948. Many Canadians simply continued to refer to the party as "the Conservatives".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A major weakness of the party since 1885 was its inability to win support in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, estranged significantly by that year's execution of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Riel" title="Louis Riel">Louis Riel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Conscription Crisis of 1917</a> exacerbated the issue. Even though the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Quebec_(historical)" title="Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)">Conservative Party of Quebec</a> dominated politics in that province for the first 30 years of Confederation at both the federal and provincial levels, in the 20th century the party was never able to become a force in provincial politics, losing power in 1897, and dissolving in 1935 into the <a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_(Quebec)" title="Union Nationale (Quebec)">Union Nationale</a>, which took power in 1936 under <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Duplessis" title="Maurice Duplessis">Maurice Duplessis</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 20th-century federal politics, the Conservatives were often seen<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (November 2012)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> as insensitive to French-Canadian ambitions and interests and seldom succeeded in winning more than a handful of seats in Quebec, with a few notable exceptions: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/1930_Canadian_federal_election" title="1930 Canadian federal election">1930 federal election</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Richard Bedford Bennett</a> surprisingly led the party to a thin majority government victory by securing 24 seats in rural Quebec;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958 federal election</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> rode the backing of the right-leaning Union Nationale provincial government in Quebec to 50 of the province's 75 seats; and</li> <li>the federal elections of <a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a> and <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a>, when party leader <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>, a fluently bilingual Quebecois, built an electoral coalition that included Quebec nationalists.</li></ul> <p>The party never fully recovered from the fragmentation of Mulroney's broad coalition in the late 1980s, resulting in part from the failure of two provinces to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a>. The party suffered a decade-long decline following the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal election</a>, during which it did not hold more than 20 seats in the House of Commons. It formally dissolved on December 7, 2003, when it merged with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> to form the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>. </p><p>Several loosely associated provincial Progressive Conservative parties continue to exist in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>. As well, a small <a href="/wiki/Rump_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Rump organization">rump</a> of senators opposed the merger, and continued to sit in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> as Progressive Conservatives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The last one of them rescinded their party status in 2016. The <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> association of the party renamed itself as the <a href="/wiki/Yukon_Party" title="Yukon Party">Yukon Party</a> in 1990. The <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> Progressive Conservative Party changed its name to the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia Conservative Party">British Columbia Conservative Party</a> in 1991. <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>'s Progressive Conservative Party effectively ceased to exist in 1997, when the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Party" title="Saskatchewan Party">Saskatchewan Party</a> formed – primarily from former PC <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">Members of the Legislative Assembly</a> (MLAs) with a few <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Liberal Party">Saskatchewan Liberal</a> MLAs joining them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Progressive Conservative Party was generally on the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> on the political spectrum. From 1867 on, the party was identified with <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and, in Quebec, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> social values, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British imperialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationalism" title="Canadian nationalism">Canadian nationalism</a>, and constitutional centralism. This was highly successful until 1920, and to that point in history, the party was the most successful federal party in the Dominion. </p><p>As such, Canadian conservatism historically initially more closely resembled that which was practised in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and, to an extent, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, than in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The "Tory" approach worked well for the party until 1917, when, as was common amongst 19th-century conservative movements, Canadian Tories opposed the rollback of government intervention in social and economic matters advocated by the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberals</a> of the era. In contrast to "American conservative" counterparts, however, they did not undertake as dramatic an ideological turnaround in the first half of the 20th century by continuing to follow <a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">mercantilism</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada#Dubious" title="Talk:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and nascent notions of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Like their federal Liberal rivals, the party defined itself as a "<a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent</a>", welcoming a broad variety of members who supported relatively loosely defined goals. Unlike the Liberal Party, there was a long history of ongoing factionalism within this tent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This factionalism arose from the party's lack of electoral success, and because the party often reached out to particular political groups in order to garner enough support to topple the Liberals. These groups usually remained semi-autonomous blocs within the party, such as Quebec nationalists and western Canadian Reformers in the 1980s. In later years, observers generally grouped the PC Party's core membership into two camps, "<a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red Tories</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue Tories</a>". </p><p>Red Tories tend to be traditionally conservative, that is, "Tory" in the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraelian</a> sense in social policy, placing a high value on the principles of <i><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">noblesse oblige</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">communitarianism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/One_nation_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="One nation conservatism">One nation conservatism</a>—and were thus seen as moderate (in the context of classical economic thought) in their economic policy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For most of their history they were trade <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionists</a>, engaging in free-trade economics in only a limited fashion, as in <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Economic_Conference" title="British Empire Economic Conference">Empire Free-Trade</a>. Historically they comprised the largest bloc of the original Canadian Conservative party. Notable Red Tories include <a href="/wiki/John_Farthing" title="John Farthing">John Farthing</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Grant_(philosopher)" title="George Grant (philosopher)">George Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._Davie_Fulton" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Davie Fulton">E. Davie Fulton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Robert Stanfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Roblin" title="Dufferin Roblin">Dufferin Roblin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Camp" title="Dalton Camp">Dalton Camp</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._L._Morton" title="W. L. Morton">W. L. Morton</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">George A. Drew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Frost" title="Leslie Frost">Leslie Frost</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robarts" title="John Robarts">John Robarts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Davis" title="Bill Davis">William Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Peter Lougheed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora_MacDonald_(politician)" title="Flora MacDonald (politician)">Flora MacDonald</a>. </p><p>Blue Tories, on the other hand, were originally members of the Tory elite drawn from the commercial classes in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. Prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, they were generally conservative in social policy, and <a href="/wiki/Classic_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic liberalism">classically liberal</a> in economic policy. From 1964 on, this cadre came to identify more with <a href="/wiki/Neo-liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-liberal">neo-liberal</a> influences in the US <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, as espoused by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherite</a> leadership in the British <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, as represented by Sir <a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Keith Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They have come to be termed—in the Canadian lexicon—as <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">neoconservatives</a>. However, there are also Blue Tories who identify strongly with the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy in Canada</a> and other traditional institutions. In Canada, Blue Tories include <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris" title="Mike Harris">Mike Harris</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From 1891 until the party's dissolution, Red Tories generally dominated the highest rungs of the party and its leadership. The emerging neoconservatives of the 1970s were significantly reduced in numbers in the party by the late 1980s, and many of the disaffected drifted towards <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and parties with a <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">neoconservative</a> bent, such as the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a>. When the PC party held power at the federal level, it never truly embraced <a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a> and its crusade against "big government" as vociferously as was done in the USA.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Canadian neoconservatives lean more towards <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>. Support for the Canadian Alliance and its predecessor the Reform Party of Canada derived principally from this group, and that support carried forward into the new Conservative Party of Canada. The success of the neoconservative movement in using the label "Conservative" has brought into debate the very definition of <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a> in Canada today. Although adhering to economic philosophies similar to those originally advanced by 19th-century liberals (known confusingly as both <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">neoconservatism</a>), the Canadian Alliance agreed to the name "Conservative Party of Canada" for the new party. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Progressive_Conservative_history">Progressive Conservative history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Progressive Conservative history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Port_Hope_Conference" title="Port Hope Conference">Port Hope Conference</a></div> <p>After a by-election defeat in 1942, a group of younger Conservatives from the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party of Canada</a> met in <a href="/wiki/Port_Hope,_Ontario" title="Port Hope, Ontario">Port Hope, Ontario</a>, to develop a new Conservative policy they hoped would bring them out of the political wilderness. The participants, known as the Port Hopefuls, developed a program including many Conservative goals such as support for free enterprise and conscription. Yet the charter also included more radical policies, such as full-employment, <a href="/wiki/Affordable_housing" title="Affordable housing">low-cost housing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a> rights, as well as a whole range of <a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">social security</a> measures, including a government financed medicare system.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although many Conservatives rejected the charter, the charter still influenced party decisions. Delegates at the convention drafted <a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">John Bracken</a> as leader, who was not even a member of the party. Bracken supported the Port Hope Charter and insisted the party register this policy shift by changing its name to the Progressive Conservative Party.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JaMAC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/JaMAC.jpg/170px-JaMAC.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 239px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/JaMAC.jpg/170px-JaMAC.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="239" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/JaMAC.jpg/255px-JaMAC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/JaMAC.jpg/340px-JaMAC.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>, the first prime minister of Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early days of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian confederation">Canadian confederation</a>, the party supported a <a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">mercantilist</a> approach to economic development: <a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization" title="Export-oriented industrialization">export-led growth</a> with high import barriers to protect local industry. The party was staunchly monarchist and supported playing a large role within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. It was seen by some <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadians</a> as supporting a policy of cultural assimilation. </p><p>The Conservative Party dominated Canadian politics for the nation's first 30 years. In general, Canada's political history has consisted of Tories alternating power with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberals</a>, albeit often in minority governments supported by smaller parties. </p><p>After a long period of Liberal dominance following the Tories ill-fated depression era mandate from 1930 to 1935, <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> won a minority government in <a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">1957</a>, followed by a sweeping electoral victory for the Tories in <a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a>. Diefenbaker was able to win most of the parliamentary seats in Western Canada, much of those in Ontario, and, with the support of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_(Quebec)" title="Union Nationale (Quebec)">Union Nationale</a> provincial government, a large number in Quebec. Diefenbaker attempted to pursue a policy of distancing Canada from the United States. His cabinet split over Diefenbaker's refusal of American demands that Canada accept nuclear warheads for Bomarc missiles based in <a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay, Ontario</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_Macaza,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="La Macaza, Quebec">La Macaza, Quebec</a>. This split contributed to the Tory government's defeat at the hands of <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a>'s Liberals in the <a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963 election</a>. </p><p>Diefenbaker remained Progressive Conservative leader until 1967, when increasing unease at his erratic behaviour, authoritarian leadership, and perceived unelectability led party president <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Camp" title="Dalton Camp">Dalton Camp</a> to call for and win a motion for a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a> which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="1967 Progressive Conservative leadership election">1967 leadership convention</a> where Nova Scotia Premier <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Robert Stanfield</a> was elected out of a field of eleven candidates that included Diefenbaker and Manitoba Premier <a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Roblin" title="Dufferin Roblin">Duff Roblin</a>. Despite being personally well-regarded, Stanfield struggled to make an impact against <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>, who became Prime Minister the following year. The <a href="/wiki/1972_Canadian_federal_election" title="1972 Canadian federal election">1972 election</a> saw the party come within two seats of toppling the Liberal government, with their historical weakness in Quebec keeping them from victory, but a gaffe-ridden Tory campaign at the <a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">following election</a> two years later saw the Liberals regain their parliamentary majority, leading to Stanfield's resignation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clark-Mulroney_era">Clark-Mulroney era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clark-Mulroney era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PC_Party_logo,_1968-1988.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg/220px-PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="410"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 111px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg/220px-PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="111" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg/330px-PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg/440px-PC_Party_logo%2C_1968-1988.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Party logo during the 1970s and 1980s</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> took the <a href="/wiki/1976_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="1976 Progressive Conservative leadership election">leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party</a> in 1976. He came to power in the <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979 election</a>, defeating the Liberal government of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> and ending sixteen years of continuous Liberal rule. Taking office the day before his 40th birthday, Clark is the youngest person to become prime minister. His tenure was brief as he only won a minority government, and it was defeated on a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of non-confidence</a> pertaining to his <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_budget" title="1979 Canadian federal budget">1979 budget</a>. Clark's Progressive Conservative Party lost the <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980 election</a> and Clark lost the <a href="/wiki/1983_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election">leadership of the party</a> to <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> in 1983. </p><p>In the late 1960s and 1970s, following Quebec's <a href="/wiki/Quiet_Revolution" title="Quiet Revolution">Quiet Revolution</a>, the Progressive Conservatives recognized the need to increase their appeal to Canada's <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">francophone</a> population. At the same time, the Tories moved away from <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a> towards a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> platform. Both movements culminated with Brian Mulroney becoming prime minister after the <a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">election of 1984</a>. He led the Tories to a record 211 seats, and a majority of seats in every province. </p><p>Mulroney had declared himself an opponent to free trade with the United States during the <a href="/wiki/1983_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election">1983 leadership campaign</a>. But a growing continentalist sentiment among Canadian business leaders and the impact of the "Reagan Revolution" on Canadian conservative thought led Mulroney to embrace free trade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His government endorsed the recommendation of the 1985 Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada that Canada pursue a free trade deal with the United States. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PC_Party_logo_1984.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/PC_Party_logo_1984.png/220px-PC_Party_logo_1984.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="223"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/PC_Party_logo_1984.png/220px-PC_Party_logo_1984.png" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/PC_Party_logo_1984.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Party logo in 1988</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, it had been the Liberal Party that held a position of <a href="/wiki/Continentalism" title="Continentalism">continentalism</a> and the Conservatives who had opposed free trade with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in favour of economic links with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. With the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and the economic nationalism of the Liberal Party under Pierre Trudeau, the traditional positions of the two parties became reversed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was with this background that Mulroney fought and won the <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988 election</a> on the issue of the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement">Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement</a>. </p><p>Mulroney also made a promise to <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebecers</a>, claiming that he would reform the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Canadian Constitution</a> so that Quebec would be willing to endorse the revised Constitution, which it did not in 1982, unlike Canada's other provinces. To do this, Mulroney promised that he would give Quebec distinct society status within a federal Canada with greater autonomy. This helped Mulroney garner substantial support from <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalists</a> including <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Lucien Bouchard</a> who joined the Conservatives claiming that providing Quebec with autonomy would be acceptable for Quebec to remain within Canada. </p><p>Although the Progressive Conservative Party switched to <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>, the party did retain its social progressive policies unlike other parties which advocated neoliberalism. Mulroney and the government pursued an aggressive environmental agenda under the aide of then-environmental policy advisor, present-day <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>. Mulroney and members of the U.S. government sparred over action on <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a>. In the end Mulroney managed to convince U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> to sign a treaty to reduce acid rain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A number of economic and governance issues contributed to the fall of the Progressive Conservative party at the federal level in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal election</a>: </p> <ul><li>Canada suffered its worst recession since the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>,</li> <li>Unemployment rose to the highest levels since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>,</li> <li>The federal government faced high and persistent deficits, and</li> <li>The Tories had introduced a much-hated new tax, the <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goods and Services Tax (Canada)">Goods and Services Tax</a>.</li> <li>Extensive government corruption and accusations of corruption and government mismanagement were in the news, such as the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_affair" title="Airbus affair">Airbus affair</a> and evidence showing Canadian peacekeepers maltreating <a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a>, which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Somalia_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalia Affair">Somalia inquiry</a>.</li> <li>During the election campaign the Tories used an <a href="/wiki/1993_Chr%C3%A9tien_attack_ad" title="1993 Chrétien attack ad">attack ad</a> against Liberal leader <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a>, which appeared to mock his odd facial expressions—which were the result of <a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_palsy" title="Bell's palsy">Bell's palsy</a>—and suggest he was unfit for the post of prime minister because of them.</li></ul> <p>The second major factor leading to the Mulroney government's demise was that the party's base in Quebec came from Quebec nationalists, who withdrew their support after the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">Charlottetown</a> Constitutional Accords. Many Quebec Tories, including a number of <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs), left the party to form the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> with like-minded Liberals. </p><p>The third major factor was the rise of <a href="/wiki/Western_alienation" title="Western alienation">western alienation</a> in the four provinces of western Canada as a result of attempts by both Tories and Liberals to woo Quebec. Western Canadians turned their support to the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a> and later to its successor, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a>. Poor by-election results in <a href="/wiki/1989_Beaver_River_federal_by-election" title="1989 Beaver River federal by-election">Beaver River</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_Chambly_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Chambly by-election">Chambly</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie_federal_by-election" title="1990 Laurier—Sainte-Marie federal by-election">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_Oshawa_federal_by-election" title="1990 Oshawa federal by-election">Oshawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/1990_York_North_federal_by-election" title="1990 York North federal by-election">York North</a> solidified the PC decline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Mulroney_era_and_decline">Post-Mulroney era and decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Mulroney era and decline" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg/220px-Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="251"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 139px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg/220px-Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg/330px-Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg/440px-Parti_PC_Party_Canada_1993.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Logo of the Progressive Conservative Party in 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>Following Mulroney's resignation, his successor as Tory leader and as prime minister was <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a>, who led the party into the disastrous <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">election of 1993</a>. The Progressive Conservatives went from being the majority party to holding only two seats in the House of Commons, which was not enough to maintain <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a> despite garnering 16% of the popular vote. It was the worst defeat ever suffered for a governing party at the federal level; the 151-seat loss far exceeded the 95 seats lost by the Liberals in 1984. The party's western supporters transferred virtually <i>en masse</i> to Reform, most of its Quebec supporters split between the sovereigntist <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> and the Liberals, and most of its Ontario and Atlantic supporters bolted for the Liberals. Even though the Progressive Conservatives finished third in the popular vote (just percentage points behind Reform), their support was spread out across the entire country and was not concentrated in enough areas to translate into more seats. By contrast, the Bloc managed to capture Official Opposition status with 54 seats despite running candidates only in Quebec, while Reform finished third in the seat count despite being virtually nonexistent east of Manitoba. </p><p>Campbell herself was defeated, as was every member of the Cabinet except <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a>, whom Campbell had defeated in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="1993 Progressive Conservative leadership election">election to succeed Mulroney</a>. Campbell resigned as party leader in December, and Charest, as the only remaining member of the previous Cabinet, was quickly appointed interim leader and confirmed in the post in 1995. The party continued to hold a majority of seats in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a> until 1997, where Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Lynch-Staunton" title="John Lynch-Staunton">John Lynch-Staunton</a> served as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a>. Charest led the party back to official party status in the <a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 election</a>, winning 20 seats. With the exception of one seat each in Ontario and Manitoba, the rest of the seats were all in the Maritimes and Quebec. However, the PCs never won more than 20 seats again, and only two west of Quebec (not counting by-elections and switches from other parties). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_with_Alliance">Merger with Alliance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Merger with Alliance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The rise of the Reform Party/Canadian Alliance was doubtless damaging to the Tories, though there remains some debate as to the precise degree. Many observers argue that for over ten years, from 1993 to <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a>, the "conservative" vote was <a href="/wiki/Split_vote" title="Split vote">split</a> between the two parties, allowing Liberal candidates to win ridings that were previously considered safe for the Tories, made possible by a first-past-the-post electoral system. This assessment led to the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_(Canada)" title="Unite the Right (Canada)">United Alternative</a> movements of the late 1990s. Others insisted that a legitimate ideological gulf existed between the more ideological Alliance and the more moderate <a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red Tory</a>-influenced PC Party, pointing to surveys that indicated many Tory voters would rather select the Liberals as their second choice than the Alliance. This seemed to be particularly born out in Ontario. The Liberals won all but one seat in that province in 1993 and 1997, and all but two in 2000—an era that was dominated by the provincial Tories. This was largely because many former bellwether ridings in suburban <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> (known as "the 905", after its <a href="/wiki/Area_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code">area code</a>) turned almost solidly Liberal for most of the 1990s at the federal level while supporting the Tories at the provincial level. </p><p>Charest stepped down from the leadership in 1998 to become leader of the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Quebec Liberal Party</a>. Former leader Joe Clark returned to the post in a vote in which all party members were eligible to cast ballots, instead of a traditional leadership convention. A point system allocated each riding 100 points to be distributed among the candidates by proportional representation according to votes cast by party members in the riding. (This same system was used by the Conservative Party of Canada in 2004.) In the <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 election</a> Clark was able to garner the 12 seats necessary for official party status, but no more. </p><p>Clark realized that as long as the centre-right vote was divided, there was no chance of dislodging the Liberals<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, but he wanted a merger on his own terms. He got his chance in 2001, when several dissident Alliance MPs, the most prominent one being Alliance deputy leader and party matriarch <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Grey" title="Deborah Grey">Deborah Grey</a>, left the Alliance caucus. The dissidents felt that Alliance leader <a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a> hadn't learned from mistakes made in the last election.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While some of them rejoined the Alliance later, seven of them, led by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Chuck Strahl</a> of British Columbia and including Grey, refused and formed the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Representative_Caucus" title="Democratic Representative Caucus">Democratic Representative Caucus</a>. The DRC quickly entered a coalition with the Progressive Conservatives, which lasted until 2002 when <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> ousted Day as Alliance leader. Harper wanted a closer union with the PCs, but Clark turned the offer down, and all but two of the DRC members rejoined the Alliance. One of the two, <a href="/wiki/Inky_Mark" title="Inky Mark">Inky Mark</a>, eventually joined the PCs. Two by-election victories later in 2002 increased the PC caucus to 15 members and fourth place in the Commons. Clark, however, was unable to gain any ground in Ontario, and resigned on August 6, 2002. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter-MacKay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Peter-MacKay.jpg/220px-Peter-MacKay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="621"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 297px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Peter-MacKay.jpg/220px-Peter-MacKay.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="297" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Peter-MacKay.jpg/330px-Peter-MacKay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Peter-MacKay.jpg/440px-Peter-MacKay.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On May 31, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a> won the party leadership after securing the endorsement of controversial fellow leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/David_Orchard" title="David Orchard">David Orchard</a>, an outspoken opponent of free trade who wanted to return the party to its traditional economic nationalist roots. Orchard's endorsement of MacKay was predicated on four bullet points laid out in the Orchard-MacKay agreement, one of which expressly forbade the merger of the PC Party of Canada with the Canadian Alliance. After only a few months as party leader though, MacKay reneged on his promise and proceeded to negotiate a merger with the Alliance, which he announced had occurred on October 15, 2003. The two parties, it seemed, united to form a new party called the Conservative Party of Canada. The union was ratified on December 5 and 6 in a process conducted by each of the parties, and the new Conservative Party was formally registered on December 7. The merger prompted Clark to remark, "Some equate it to a death in the family. I regard it rather as a death of the family."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 20, 2004, former Alliance leader Harper was elected leader of the new party and appointed MacKay as his deputy. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Rump_PC_caucus">Rump PC caucus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rump PC caucus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Commons">House of Commons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: House of Commons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Following the merger, a rump Progressive Conservative caucus remained in Parliament, consisting of individuals who declined to join the new Conservative Party. In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bachand_(Progressive_Conservative_MP)" title="André Bachand (Progressive Conservative MP)">André Bachand</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Herron_(New_Brunswick_politician)" title="John Herron (New Brunswick politician)">John Herron</a> sat as PC members. In the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 election</a>, Bachand and Clark did not run for re-election, and Herron ran as a Liberal, losing to <a href="/wiki/Rob_Moore_(politician)" title="Rob Moore (politician)">Rob Moore</a> in his riding of <a href="/wiki/Fundy_Royal" title="Fundy Royal">Fundy—Royal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a>, who had joined the Liberal caucus immediately upon departing the Conservative Party, was reelected as a Liberal in the 2004 election. After being expelled from the Conservative Party caucus in June 2007, Nova Scotia MP <a href="/wiki/Bill_Casey" title="Bill Casey">Bill Casey</a> designated himself as an "Independent Progressive Conservative".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Senate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._William_Doody" title="C. William Doody">William Doody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Murray" title="Lowell Murray">Lowell Murray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkins" title="Norman Atkins">Norman Atkins</a> also declined to join the new party, and continued to sit as Progressive Conservative senators. On March 24, 2005, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> appointed nine new senators, two of whom, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Ruth" title="Nancy Ruth">Nancy Ruth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elaine_McCoy" title="Elaine McCoy">Elaine McCoy</a>, were designated as Progressive Conservatives. Ruth subsequently left to sit with the Conservative Party. The death of Senator Doody on December 27, 2005, and the mandatory retirement of Norman Atkins on June 27, 2009, and Lowell Murray on September 26, 2011, left McCoy, the youngest of the five, as the sole Progressive Conservative in the Senate and the last sitting PC in either chamber of Parliament until February 11, 2013, when she chose to change her designation to "Independent Progressive Conservative". McCoy changed her designation to "Independent" on February 17, 2016, thus bringing to an end the presence of Progressive Conservatives in the Parliament of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Progressive_Canadian_Party">Progressive Canadian Party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Progressive Canadian Party" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Canadian_Party" title="Progressive Canadian Party">Progressive Canadian Party</a></div> <p>On January 9, 2004, a group claiming to be loyal to the Progressive Conservative Party and opposed to the merger, which they characterized as an Alliance takeover, filed application with the Chief Electoral Officer to register a party called the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The application was refused on the grounds that the name could no longer be utilized. The group resubmitted with the name <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Canadian_Party" title="Progressive Canadian Party">Progressive Canadian Party</a>, and a new "PC Party" was recognized by <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a> on March 26. It secured sufficient backing to be registered as an official party on May 29. It was led by former Progressive Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hueglin" title="Joe Hueglin">Joe Hueglin</a> of Ontario. </p><p>The Progressive Canadian party aimed to be perceived as the successor party to the Progressive Conservatives. However, it did not enjoy broad support among former Progressive Conservatives. In particular, no prominent anti-merger Progressive Conservatives such as Joe Clark or <a href="/wiki/David_Orchard" title="David Orchard">David Orchard</a> were associated with the Progressive Canadian Party, nor were any sitting MPs or senators. The most prominent members to join were two 1970s and 1980s era politicians: former cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Stevens" title="Sinclair Stevens">Sinclair Stevens</a> and former junior cabinet minister, <a href="/wiki/Heward_Grafftey" title="Heward Grafftey">Heward Grafftey</a>, who polled near or below <a href="/wiki/Craig_Chandler" title="Craig Chandler">Craig Chandler</a> in the final PC Party leadership race. It was deregistered by Elections Canada in late 2019. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Party_leaders">Party leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Party leaders" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_conservative_leaders" title="List of Canadian conservative leaders">List of Canadian conservative leaders</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Picture </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Term start </th> <th scope="col">Term end </th> <th scope="col">Riding as leader </th> <th scope="col" width="20%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg/100px-John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg/100px-John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg/150px-John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg/200px-John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">John Bracken</a></td> <td>December 11, 1942</td> <td>July 20, 1948</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neepawa_(electoral_district)" title="Neepawa (electoral district)">Neepawa</a></td> <td>11th premier of Manitoba </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeDrew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GeorgeDrew.jpg/100px-GeorgeDrew.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GeorgeDrew.jpg/100px-GeorgeDrew.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GeorgeDrew.jpg/150px-GeorgeDrew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/GeorgeDrew.jpg/200px-GeorgeDrew.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">George Drew</a></td> <td>October 2, 1948</td> <td>September 21, 1956</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carleton_(Ontario_federal_electoral_district)" title="Carleton (Ontario federal electoral district)">Carleton</a></td> <td>14th premier of Ontario </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Earl_Rowe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/William_Earl_Rowe.jpg/100px-William_Earl_Rowe.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1194"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/William_Earl_Rowe.jpg/100px-William_Earl_Rowe.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/William_Earl_Rowe.jpg/150px-William_Earl_Rowe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/William_Earl_Rowe.jpg/200px-William_Earl_Rowe.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Rowe" title="William Earl Rowe">William Earl Rowe</a></td> <td>September 21, 1956 <i>(Interim)</i></td> <td>December 14, 1956</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dufferin%E2%80%94Simcoe" title="Dufferin—Simcoe">Dufferin—Simcoe</a></td> <td>Interim leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg/100px-John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1596"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 126px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg/100px-John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg/150px-John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg/200px-John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a></td> <td>December 14, 1956</td> <td>September 9, 1967</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Prince Albert (federal electoral district)">Prince Albert</a></td> <td>13th <br> prime minister of Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Premier_Bob_Stanfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Premier_Bob_Stanfield.jpg/100px-Premier_Bob_Stanfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="206"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 137px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Premier_Bob_Stanfield.jpg/100px-Premier_Bob_Stanfield.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Premier_Bob_Stanfield.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Robert Stanfield</a></td> <td>September 9, 1967</td> <td>February 22, 1976</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halifax_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Halifax (federal electoral district)">Halifax</a></td> <td>17th premier of Nova Scotia </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JoeClark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/JoeClark.jpg/100px-JoeClark.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="1102"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 121px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/JoeClark.jpg/100px-JoeClark.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/JoeClark.jpg/150px-JoeClark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/JoeClark.jpg/200px-JoeClark.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a></td> <td>February 22, 1976</td> <td>February 19, 1983</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rocky Mountain (federal electoral district)">Rocky Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_(electoral_district)" title="Yellowhead (electoral district)">Yellowhead</a></td> <td>16th <br> prime minister of Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Erik Nielsen</a></td> <td>February 19, 1983 <i>(Interim)</i></td> <td>June 11, 1983</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yukon_(electoral_district)" title="Yukon (electoral district)">Yukon</a></td> <td>Interim leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg/100px-Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="327"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg/100px-Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg/150px-Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg/200px-Brian_Mulroney_2011.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a></td> <td>June 11, 1983</td> <td>June 13, 1993</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Nova" title="Central Nova">Central Nova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manicouagan_(electoral_district)" title="Manicouagan (electoral district)">Manicouagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlevoix_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Charlevoix (federal electoral district)">Charlevoix</a></td> <td>18th <br> prime minister of Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KimCampbell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/KimCampbell.jpg/100px-KimCampbell.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="401"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 119px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/KimCampbell.jpg/100px-KimCampbell.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/KimCampbell.jpg/150px-KimCampbell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/KimCampbell.jpg/200px-KimCampbell.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a></td> <td>June 13, 1993</td> <td>December 14, 1993</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver Centre">Vancouver Centre</a></td> <td>19th <br> prime minister of Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Charest_de_face_(Novembre_2010).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png/100px-Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="331"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png/100px-Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png" data-width="100" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png/150px-Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png/200px-Jean_Charest_de_face_%28Novembre_2010%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a></td> <td>December 14, 1993</td> <td>April 2, 1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Sherbrooke (federal electoral district)">Sherbrooke</a></td> <td>5th <br> deputy prime minister of Canada and 29th premier of Quebec </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg/100px-Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="274"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg/100px-Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg/150px-Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg/200px-Elsie_Wayne_cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Wayne" title="Elsie Wayne">Elsie Wayne</a></td> <td>April 2, 1998 <i>(Interim)</i></td> <td>November 14, 1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John (electoral district)">Saint John</a></td> <td>Interim leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RightHonourableJoeClark_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="782"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 126px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-RightHonourableJoeClark_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a></td> <td>November 14, 1998</td> <td>May 31, 2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kings%E2%80%94Hants" title="Kings—Hants">Kings—Hants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Centre" title="Calgary Centre">Calgary Centre</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg/100px-Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="906"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg/100px-Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg/150px-Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg/200px-Peter_MacKay_2014.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></td> <td>May 31, 2003</td> <td>December 7, 2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Nova" title="Central Nova">Central Nova</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progressive_Conservative_leaders_in_the_Senate">Progressive Conservative leaders in the Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Progressive Conservative leaders in the Senate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Took office </th> <th scope="col">Left office </th> <th scope="col">Role </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colquhoun_Ballantyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Colquhoun Ballantyne">Charles Colquhoun Ballantyne</a> </td> <td>1942 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>Opposition leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_Haig" title="John Thomas Haig">John Thomas Haig</a> </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>Opposition leader until June 20, 1957.<br>Government leader from 1957 to 1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Morley_Aseltine" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Morley Aseltine">Walter Morley Aseltine</a> </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>Government leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Johnson_Brooks" title="Alfred Johnson Brooks">Alfred Johnson Brooks</a> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>Government leader until April 21, 1963<br>Opposition leader until 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Flynn" title="Jacques Flynn">Jacques Flynn</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>Opposition leader, except from June 3, 1979, to March 2, 1980, when he was government leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Roblin" title="Dufferin Roblin">Dufferin Roblin</a> </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>Government leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Murray" title="Lowell Murray">Lowell Murray</a> </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>Government leader </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Lynch-Staunton" title="John Lynch-Staunton">John Lynch-Staunton</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Opposition leader </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Party_presidents">Party presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Party presidents" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Macdonnell_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Macdonnell (Canadian politician)">James Macdonnell</a> (1946–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nowlan" title="George Nowlan">George Nowlan</a> (1950–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">George Hees</a> (1954–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allister_Grosart" title="Allister Grosart">Allister Grosart</a> (1956–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egan_Chambers" title="Egan Chambers">Egan Chambers</a> (1963–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Camp" title="Dalton Camp">Dalton Camp</a> (1964–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moores" title="Frank Moores">Frank Moores</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Nurgitz" title="Nathan Nurgitz">Nathan Nurgitz</a> (1970–1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_J._Matthews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald J. Matthews (page does not exist)">Donald J. Matthews</a> (1971–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Meighen" title="Michael Meighen">Michael Meighen</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coates_(politician)" title="Robert Coates (politician)">Robert C. Coates</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blaikie" title="Peter Blaikie">Peter Blaikie</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Elzinga" title="Peter Elzinga">Peter Elzinga</a> (1983–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Jarvis" title="William H. Jarvis">William H. Jarvis</a> (1986–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_St._Germain" title="Gerry St. Germain">Gerry St. Germain</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Leger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Leger (page does not exist)">Jacques Leger</a> (2000–2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruck_Easton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruck Easton (page does not exist)">Bruck Easton</a> (2001–2003)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Election_results_(1945–2000)"><span id="Election_results_.281945.E2.80.932000.29"></span>Election results (1945–2000)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Election results (1945–2000)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="1945 Canadian federal election">1945</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">John Bracken</a> </td> <td>1,448,744 </td> <td>27.62% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">64 / 245</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 27 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1949_Canadian_federal_election" title="1949 Canadian federal election">1949</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">George A. Drew</a> </td> <td>1,734,261 </td> <td>29.62% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">41 / 262</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 23 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1953_Canadian_federal_election" title="1953 Canadian federal election">1953</a> </th> <td>1,749,579 </td> <td>31.01% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">1957</a> </th> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a> </td> <td>2,564,732 </td> <td>38.81% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">112 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 59 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Minority </td> <td><b>PC minority</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a> </th> <td>3,908,633 </td> <td><b>53.56%</b> </td> <td><b><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">208 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 78%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 96 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td><b>PC majority</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1962_Canadian_federal_election" title="1962 Canadian federal election">1962</a> </th> <td>2,865,542 </td> <td>37.22% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">114 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 94 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Minority </td> <td><b>PC minority</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963</a> </th> <td>2,591,613 </td> <td>32.80% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">93 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 21 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1965_Canadian_federal_election" title="1965 Canadian federal election">1965</a> </th> <td>2,500,113 </td> <td>32.41% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">95 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Robert Stanfield</a> </td> <td>2,554,397 </td> <td>31.43% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">72 / 264</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 23 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Canadian_federal_election" title="1972 Canadian federal election">1972</a> </th> <td>3,388,980 </td> <td>35.02% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">107 / 264</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 35 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">1974</a> </th> <td>3,371,319 </td> <td>35.46% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">95 / 264</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 22 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> </td> <td>4,111,606 </td> <td>35.89% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">136 / 282</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 41 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Minority </td> <td><b>PC minority</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a> </th> <td>3,552,994 </td> <td>32.49% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">103 / 282</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 33 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> </td> <td><b>6,278,818</b> </td> <td>50.03% </td> <td><b><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">211 / 282</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b>108</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td><b>PC majority</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a> </th> <td>5,667,543 </td> <td>43.02% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">169 / 295</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 42 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td><b>PC majority</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a> </td> <td>2,178,303 </td> <td>16.04% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 295</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 0.7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 167 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 5th </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">No status </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a> </td> <td>2,446,705 </td> <td>18.84% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 301</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 18 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 5th </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Fifth party </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> </td> <td>1,566,994 </td> <td>12.19% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 301</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 5th </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Fifth party </td> <td>Liberal majority </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOrchard2003" class="citation news cs1">Orchard, David (October 23, 2003). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A blatant swindle'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=%27A+blatant+swindle%27&rft.date=2003-10-23&rft.aulast=Orchard&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0pFYBSaxB_wC&pg=PA57&dq=Port+Hope+Conference&lr=&ei=diPpSKHlzDIyuyASxy-jIAw&sig=ACfU3U0m3aUj8UUlwB-xQVcVRqykru486Q#PPA57,M1">The Essentials of Canadian History: Pre-colonization to 1867-the Beginning ... – Terence Allan Crowley, Rae Murphy – Google Boeken</a>. Books.google.com. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canadavotes2004/thecampaign/fightinwords.html">"CBC – Canada Votes 2004"</a>. CBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBC+%E2%80%93+Canada+Votes+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanadavotes2004%2Fthecampaign%2Ffightinwords.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302051637/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070610.wcasey-mulroney11/BNStory/Front">"globeandmail.com: Mulroney called Casey in bid for Tory unity"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. Toronto. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070610.wcasey-mulroney11/BNStory/Front">the original</a> on March 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=globeandmail.com%3A+Mulroney+called+Casey+in+bid+for+Tory+unity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FRTGAM.20070610.wcasey-mulroney11%2FBNStory%2FFront&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402140746/http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=1c69a9e8-42ad-48b3-a506-37cab1a579dd&Language=E&Section=ALL">"MCCOY, The Hon. Elaine, Q.C., B.A., LL.B."</a> PARLINFO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/ParlInfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=1c69a9e8-42ad-48b3-a506-37cab1a579dd&Language=E&Section=ALL">the original</a> on April 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MCCOY%2C+The+Hon.+Elaine%2C+Q.C.%2C+B.A.%2C+LL.B.&rft.pub=PARLINFO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lop.parl.gc.ca%2FParlInfo%2FFiles%2FParliamentarian.aspx%3FItem%3D1c69a9e8-42ad-48b3-a506-37cab1a579dd%26Language%3DE%26Section%3DALL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgressive+Conservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li>Perlin, George C. <i>The Tory Syndrome: Leadership Politics in the Progressive Conservative Party</i>. Montréal, Qué.: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-0350-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-0350-1">0-7735-0350-1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&oldid=1276076794">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&oldid=1276076794</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="MarioBayo" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1739733136"> <span>Last edited on 16 February 2025, at 19:12</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8" title="الحزب الكندي التقدمي المحافظ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب الكندي التقدمي المحافظ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressiv-konservative_Partei_Kanadas" title="Progressiv-konservative Partei Kanadas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Progressiv-konservative Partei Kanadas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Conservador_Progresista" title="Partido Conservador Progresista – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Conservador Progresista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progresema_Konservativa_Partio_de_Kanado" title="Progresema Konservativa Partio de Kanado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Progresema Konservativa Partio de Kanado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_progressiste-conservateur_du_Canada" title="Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EC%A7%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EB%8B%B9" title="캐나다 진보보수당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다 진보보수당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frams%C3%A6kni_%C3%ADhaldsflokkurinn" title="Framsækni íhaldsflokkurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Framsækni íhaldsflokkurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Conservatore_Progressista_del_Canada" title="Partito Conservatore Progressista del Canada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Conservatore Progressista del Canada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8" title="الحزب الكندى التقدمى المحافظ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحزب الكندى التقدمى المحافظ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressief-Conservatieve_Partij_van_Canada" title="Progressief-Conservatieve Partij van Canada – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Progressief-Conservatieve Partij van Canada" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A9%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E5%85%9A" title="カナダ進歩保守党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダ進歩保守党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadas_konservative_fremskrittsparti" title="Canadas konservative fremskrittsparti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Canadas konservative fremskrittsparti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%C4%99powo-Konserwatywna_Partia_Kanady" title="Postępowo-Konserwatywna Partia Kanady – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Postępowo-Konserwatywna Partia Kanady" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Progressista_Conservador_do_Canad%C3%A1_(hist%C3%B3rico)" title="Partido Progressista Conservador do Canadá (histórico) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Progressista Conservador do Canadá (histórico)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Прогрессивно-консервативная партия Канады – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прогрессивно-консервативная партия Канады" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Прогресивно-консервативна партія Канади – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прогресивно-консервативна партія Канади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E9%BB%A8" title="加拿大進步保守黨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加拿大進步保守黨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div 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