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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Manitoba</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Manitoba" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Manitoba" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Manitoba" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Canadian province. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Manitoba (disambiguation)">Manitoba (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Manitoba<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province of Canada</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Canada" title="Centre of Canada">longitudinal centre</a> of the country. It is Canada's <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada_by_province_and_territory" title="Population of Canada by province and territory">fifth-most populous province</a>, with a population of 1,342,153 as of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-2021census-2">[2]</a> Manitoba has a widely varied landscape, from <a href="/wiki/Arctic_tundra" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic tundra">arctic tundra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> coastline in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Region, Manitoba">north</a> to dense <a href="/wiki/Boreal_forest_of_Canada" title="Boreal forest of Canada">boreal forest</a>, large freshwater <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Manitoba" title="List of lakes of Manitoba">lakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a> grassland in the central and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manitoba" title="Southern Manitoba">southern</a> regions. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Manitoba</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Manitoba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Manitoba"><img alt="A red flag with a large Union Jack in the upper left corner and a shield, consisting of St. George's Cross over a left-facing bison standing on a rock, on the right side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/125px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/188px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/250px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Manitoba" title="Flag of Manitoba">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Manitoba"><img alt="A central shield showing a bison standing on a rock, under a St George's Cross. On top of the shield sits a helmet decorated with a red and white billowing veil. On top of the helmet sits a beaver with a crown on its back, holding a prairie crocus. To the right of the shield is a rearing white unicorn wearing a collar of white and green maple leaves, from which hangs a green cart-wheel pendant. To the left of the shield is a rearing white horse wearing a collar of Indian beadwork, from which hangs a green cycle of life medallion. The animals and shield stand on a mound, with a wheat field beneath the unicorn, prairie crocuses beneath the shield, and spruces beneath the horse. Beneath the mound are white and blue waves, under which is an orange scroll bearing the words "GLORIOSUS ET LIBER"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba.svg/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba.svg/111px-Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba.svg/148px-Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="531"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Manitoba" title="Coat of arms of Manitoba">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Gloriosus et Liber "Glorious and free"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"> <div class="" style="width:300px"><div style="position: relative; width:300px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 7.9%; top: 59.4%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 18.4%; top: 62.2%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 27.8%; top: 67%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 37.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MB</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50%; top: 71.9%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 68.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 79.6%; top: 76%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 70.8%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 86.8%; top: 77%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 90.4%; top: 62.7%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 8%; top: 32.5%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 40.2%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 39.3%; top: 42.9%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</a></div> <a href="/wiki/File:Manitoba_in_Canada_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canadian Provinces and Territories"><img alt="Canadian Provinces and Territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Manitoba_in_Canada_2.svg/300px-Manitoba_in_Canada_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Manitoba_in_Canada_2.svg/450px-Manitoba_in_Canada_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Manitoba_in_Canada_2.svg/600px-Manitoba_in_Canada_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942"></a></div></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Manitoba&params=55_N_97_W_type:adm1st_scale:30000000_region:CA-MB">55°N 97°W / 55°N 97°W / 55; -97</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before confederation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 July 1870<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> (5th, with <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(and largest city)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest metro</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Metropolitan_Region" title="Winnipeg Metropolitan Region">Winnipeg Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Lieutenant Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anita_Neville" title="Anita Neville">Anita Neville</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Wab Kinew</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federal representation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 of 338 (4.1%)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_senators" title="List of Manitoba senators">6 of 105</a> (5.7%)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">647,797 km2 (250,116 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">553,556 km2 (213,729 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">94,241 km2 (36,387 sq mi) 14.5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">8th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">6.5% of Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,342,153<a href="#cite_note-2021census-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(Q4 2024)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,499,981<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">5th</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Manitoban <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">6th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total (2015)</th><td class="infobox-data">C$65.862 billion<a href="#cite_note-GDP2011-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">C$50,820 (9th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Canada" title="Time in Canada">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central DST</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Rankings include all <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces and territories</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples</a> have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years. In the early 17th century, English and French <a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">fur traders</a> began arriving in the area and establishing settlements. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> secured control of the region in 1673 and created a territory named <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a>, which was placed under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>. Rupert's Land, which included all of present-day Manitoba, grew and evolved from 1673 until 1869 with significant settlements of Indigenous and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (Canada)">Métis people</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a>. Negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba commenced in 1869, but deep disagreements over the right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> led to an armed conflict, known as the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Rebellion" title="Red River Rebellion">Red River Rebellion</a>, between the federal government and the people (particularly Métis) of the Red River Colony. The resolution of the conflict and further negotiations led to Manitoba becoming the fifth province to join <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Act">Manitoba Act</a> on 15 July 1870. Manitoba's <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Manitoba" title="List of cities in Manitoba">largest city</a> is <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">sixth most populous municipality</a> in Canada. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Court_of_Manitoba" title="Provincial Court of Manitoba">Provincial Court</a>. Four of the province's five universities, all four of its professional sports teams, and most of its cultural activities (including <a href="/wiki/Festival_du_Voyageur" title="Festival du Voyageur">Festival du Voyageur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklorama" title="Folklorama">Folklorama</a>) are located in Winnipeg. The city has an <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_James_Armstrong_Richardson_International_Airport" title="Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport">international airport</a> as well as train and bus stations; a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_base" title="Canadian Forces base">Canadian Forces base</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">CFB Winnipeg</a>, operates from the airport and is the regional headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Indigenous_societies_and_European_settlement">2.1 Indigenous societies and European settlement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Confederation">2.2 Confederation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Contemporary_era">2.3 Contemporary era</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Climate">3.1 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Flora_and_fauna">3.2 Flora and fauna</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Demography">4 Demography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Economic_history">5.1 Economic history</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Military_bases">6 Military bases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Government_and_politics">7 Government and politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Official_languages">7.1 Official languages</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Transportation">8 Transportation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Education">9 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Culture">10 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Arts">10.1 Arts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Festivals">10.2 Festivals</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Museums">10.3 Museums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Media">10.4 Media</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Sports">11 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#See_also">12 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Notes">13 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#References">14 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Further_reading">15 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#External_links">16 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The name Manitoba possibly derives from either <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a> manitou-wapow or <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a> manidoobaa, both meaning 'straits of <a href="/wiki/Manitou" title="Manitou">Manitou</a>, the Great Spirit'.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Alternatively, it may be from the <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_language" title="Assiniboine language">Assiniboine</a> minnetoba, meaning 'Lake of the Prairie'<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> (the lake was known to French explorers as Lac des Prairies). The name was chosen by Thomas Spence for <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Manitobah" title="Republic of Manitobah">the new republic</a> he proposed for the area south of the lake. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Louis_Riel" title="Louis Riel">Louis Riel</a> preferred the name over the proposed alternative of "Assiniboia". It was accepted in Ottawa under the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Act,_1870" title="Manitoba Act, 1870">Manitoba Act, 1870</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Manitoba" title="History of Manitoba">History of Manitoba</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_societies_and_European_settlement">Indigenous societies and European settlement</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indigenous societies and European settlement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Modern-day Manitoba was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last ice age</a> glaciers retreated in the southwest about 10,000 years ago; the first exposed land was the <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_(plateau)" title="Turtle Mountain (plateau)">Turtle Mountain</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandan" title="Mandan">Mandan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Assiniboine</a> peoples founded settlements, and other tribes entered the area to trade. In Northern Manitoba, <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> was mined to make <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">arrowheads</a>. The first farming in Manitoba was along the Red River, where <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> and other seed crops were planted before contact with Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> In 1611, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a> was one of the first Europeans to sail into what is now known as Hudson Bay, where he was abandoned by his crew.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Button" title="Thomas Button">Thomas Button</a> travelled this area in 1612 in an unsuccessful attempt to find and rescue Hudson.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> When the British ship <a href="/wiki/Nonsuch_(1650_ship)" title="Nonsuch (1650 ship)">Nonsuch</a> sailed into Hudson Bay in 1668–1669, she became the first trading vessel to reach the area; that voyage led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company, to which the British government gave absolute control of the entire Hudson Bay watershed. This watershed was named Rupert's Land, after <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a>, who helped to subsidize the Hudson's Bay Company.<a href="#cite_note-simmons-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/York_Factory,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="York Factory, Manitoba">York Factory</a> was founded in 1684 after the original fort of the Hudson's Bay Company, Fort Nelson (built in 1682), was destroyed by rival French traders.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_Varennes,_sieur_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye</a>, visited the Red River Valley in the 1730s to help open the area for French exploration and trade.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> As French explorers entered the area, a <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>-based company, the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Company" title="North West Company">North West Company</a>, began trading with the local Indigenous people. Both the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company built fur-trading forts; the two companies competed in southern Manitoba, occasionally resulting in violence, until they merged in 1821 (the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson's Bay Company Archives">Hudson's Bay Company Archives</a> in Winnipeg preserve the history of this era).<a href="#cite_note-simmons-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> secured the territory in 1763 after their victory over France in the North American theatre of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, better known as the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> in North America; lasting from 1754 to 1763. The founding of the first agricultural community and settlements in 1812 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Douglas,_5th_Earl_of_Selkirk" title="Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk">Lord Selkirk</a>, north of the area which is now downtown Winnipeg, led to conflict between British colonists and the Métis.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Twenty colonists, including the governor, and one Métis were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seven_Oaks_(1816)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Seven Oaks (1816)">Battle of Seven Oaks</a> in 1816.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confederation">Confederation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Confederation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="When Canada was formed in 1867 its provinces were a relatively narrow strip in the southeast, with vast territories in the interior. It grew by adding British Columbia in 1871, P.E.I. in 1873, the British Arctic Islands in 1880, and Newfoundland in 1949; meanwhile, its provinces grew both in size and number at the expense of its territories." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/220px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="864"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 190px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/220px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif" data-alt="When Canada was formed in 1867 its provinces were a relatively narrow strip in the southeast, with vast territories in the interior. It grew by adding British Columbia in 1871, P.E.I. in 1873, the British Arctic Islands in 1880, and Newfoundland in 1949; meanwhile, its provinces grew both in size and number at the expense of its territories." data-width="220" data-height="190" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/330px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif/440px-Canada_provinces_evolution_2.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Territorial evolution of Canada, 1867–present</figcaption></figure> Rupert's Land was ceded to Canada by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869 and incorporated into the Northwest Territories; a lack of attention to Métis concerns caused Métis leader <a href="/wiki/Louis_Riel" title="Louis Riel">Louis Riel</a> to establish a local provisional government which formed into the Convention of Forty and the subsequent elected <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Assiniboia" title="Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia">Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia</a> on 9 March 1870.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> This assembly subsequently sent three delegates to <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> to negotiate with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Canadian government</a>. This resulted in the Manitoba Act and that province's entry into <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a>. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald introduced the Manitoba Act in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>, the bill was given <a href="/wiki/Royal_Assent" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Assent">Royal Assent</a> and Manitoba was brought into Canada as a province in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-sprague-24">[23]</a> Louis Riel was pursued by British army officer <a href="/wiki/Garnet_Wolseley,_1st_Viscount_Wolseley" title="Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley">Garnet Wolseley</a> because of the rebellion, and Riel fled into exile.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> The Canadian government blocked the Métis' attempts to obtain land promised to them as part of Manitoba's entry into confederation. Facing racism from the new flood of white settlers from Ontario, large numbers of Métis moved to what would become <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sprague-24">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">Numbered Treaties</a> were signed in the late 19th century with the chiefs of First Nations that lived in the area. They made specific promises of land for every family. As a result, a <a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">reserve system</a> was established under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">federal government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> The prescribed amount of land promised to the native peoples was not always given; this led Indigenous groups to assert rights to the land through <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_land_claim" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal land claim">land claims</a>, many of which are still ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> The original province of Manitoba was a square one-eighteenth of its current size, and was known colloquially as the "postage stamp province".<a href="#cite_note-postage-28">[27]</a> Its borders were expanded in 1881, taking land from the Northwest Territories and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Keewatin" title="District of Keewatin">District of Keewatin</a>, but Ontario claimed a large portion of the land; the disputed portion was awarded to Ontario in 1889. Manitoba grew to its current size in 1912, absorbing land from the Northwest Territories to reach 60°N, uniform with the northern reach of its western neighbours Saskatchewan, Alberta and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-postage-28">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Schools_Question" title="Manitoba Schools Question">Manitoba Schools Question</a> showed the deep divergence of cultural values in the territory. The Catholic Franco-Manitobans had been guaranteed a state-supported <a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">separate school</a> system in the original constitution of Manitoba, but a grassroots political movement among English <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> from 1888 to 1890 demanded the end of French schools. In 1890, the Manitoba legislature passed a law removing funding for <a href="/wiki/Catholic_schools_in_Canada" title="Catholic schools in Canada">French Catholic schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-language-29">[28]</a> The French Catholic minority asked the federal government for support; however, the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order_in_Canada" title="Orange Order in Canada">Orange Order</a> and other anti-Catholic forces mobilized nationwide to oppose them.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> The federal <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservatives</a> proposed remedial legislation to override Manitoba, but they were blocked by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberals</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-language-29">[28]</a> Once elected Prime Minister in 1896, Laurier implemented a compromise stating Catholics in Manitoba could have their own religious instruction for 30 minutes at the end of the day if there were enough students to warrant it, implemented on a school-by-school basis.<a href="#cite_note-language-29">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_era">Contemporary era</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contemporary era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Large group of people in the middle of a city street beside a large concrete building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg/220px-WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg/220px-WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg" data-alt="Large group of people in the middle of a city street beside a large concrete building" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg/330px-WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg/440px-WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Crowds gathering outside the old City Hall during the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_general_strike" title="Winnipeg general strike">Winnipeg general strike</a>, 21 June 1919</figcaption></figure> By 1911, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a> was the third largest city in Canada, and remained so until overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> in the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> A boomtown, it grew quickly around the start of the 20th century, with outside investors and immigrants contributing to its success.<a href="#cite_note-boomtown-32">[31]</a> The drop in growth in the second half of the decade was a result of the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> in 1914, which reduced reliance on <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">transcontinental railways</a> for trade, as well as a decrease in immigration due to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Over 18,000 Manitoba residents enlisted in the first year of the war; by the end of the war, 14 Manitobans had received the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> During the First World War, <a href="/wiki/Nellie_McClung" title="Nellie McClung">Nellie McClung</a> started the campaign for women's votes. On January 28, 1916, the vote for women was legalized. Manitoba was the first province to allow women to vote in provincial elections. This was two years before Canada as a country granted women the right to vote.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> After the First World War ended, severe discontent among farmers (over wheat prices) and union members (over wage rates) resulted in an upsurge of <a href="/wiki/Political_radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political radicalism">radicalism</a>, coupled with a polarization over the rise of <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The most dramatic result was the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_general_strike" title="Winnipeg general strike">Winnipeg general strike</a> of 1919. It began on 15 May and collapsed on 25 June 1919; as the workers gradually returned to their jobs, the Central Strike Committee decided to end the movement.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-37">[36]</a> Government efforts to violently crush the strike, including a <a href="/wiki/North-West_Mounted_Police" title="North-West Mounted Police">Royal North-West Mounted Police</a> charge into a crowd of protesters that resulted in multiple casualties and one death, had led to the arrest of the movement's leaders.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-37">[36]</a> In the aftermath, eight leaders went on trial, and most were convicted on charges of <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">seditious conspiracy</a>, illegal combinations, and seditious <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a>; four were deported under the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_immigration_and_refugee_law" title="Canadian immigration and refugee law">Canadian Immigration Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> (1929–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1939) hit especially hard in <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, including Manitoba. The collapse of the world market combined with a steep drop in agricultural production due to drought led to economic diversification, moving away from a reliance on wheat production.<a href="#cite_note-easterbrook-39">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a>, forerunner to the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic Party of Manitoba</a> (NDP), was founded in 1932.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Canada entered the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> in 1939. Winnipeg was one of the major commands for the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Air_Training_Plan" title="British Commonwealth Air Training Plan">British Commonwealth Air Training Plan</a> to train fighter pilots, and there were air training schools throughout Manitoba. Several Manitoba-based regiments were deployed overseas, including <a href="/wiki/Princess_Patricia%27s_Canadian_Light_Infantry" title="Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry">Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry</a>. In an effort to raise money for the war effort, the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Savings_Bond" title="Canada Savings Bond">Victory Loan</a> campaign organized "<a href="/wiki/If_Day" title="If Day">If Day</a>" in 1942. The event featured a simulated <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> invasion and occupation of Manitoba, and eventually raised over <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">C$</a>65 million.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG/220px-Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG/220px-Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG/330px-Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG/440px-Red_River_Floodway_from_the_air.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Floodway" title="Red River Floodway">Red River Floodway</a></figcaption></figure> Winnipeg was inundated during the <a href="/wiki/1950_Red_River_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 Red River Flood">1950 Red River Flood</a> and had to be partially evacuated. In that year, the Red River reached its highest level since 1861 and flooded most of the Red River Valley. The damage caused by the flood led then-Premier <a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Roblin" title="Dufferin Roblin">Duff Roblin</a> to advocate for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Floodway" title="Red River Floodway">Red River Floodway</a>; it was completed in 1968 after six years of excavation. Permanent dikes were erected in eight towns south of Winnipeg, and clay dikes and diversion dams were built in the Winnipeg area. In 1997, the "<a href="/wiki/1997_Red_River_flood" title="1997 Red River flood">Flood of the Century</a>" caused over C$400 million in damages in Manitoba, but the floodway prevented Winnipeg from flooding.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> In 1990, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> attempted to pass the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a>, a series of constitutional amendments to persuade <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> to endorse the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Act_1982" title="Canada Act 1982">Canada Act 1982</a>. Unanimous support in the legislature was needed to bypass public consultation. Cree politician <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Harper" title="Elijah Harper">Elijah Harper</a> opposed because he did not believe First Nations had been adequately involved in the Accord's process, and thus the Accord failed.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Glen_Murray_(politician)" title="Glen Murray (politician)">Glen Murray</a>, elected in Winnipeg in 1998, became the first openly <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> mayor of a large North American city.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The province was impacted by major flooding in <a href="/wiki/2009_Red_River_flood" title="2009 Red River flood">2009</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Red_River_flood" title="2011 Red River flood">2011</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> In 2004, Manitoba became the first province in Canada to ban indoor smoking in public places.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> In 2013, Manitoba was the second province to introduce accessibility legislation, protecting the rights of persons with disabilities.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Manitoba" title="Geography of Manitoba">Geography of Manitoba</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_parks_in_Manitoba" title="List of provincial parks in Manitoba">List of provincial parks in Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Manitoba" title="List of protected areas of Manitoba">List of protected areas of Manitoba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Manitoba" title="List of lakes of Manitoba">List of lakes of Manitoba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg/220px-Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="2692"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 271px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg/220px-Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="271" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg/330px-Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg/440px-Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Relief map of Manitoba</figcaption></figure> Manitoba is bordered by the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> to the west, the territory of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> to the north, and the <a href="/wiki/US_states" class="mw-redirect" title="US states">US states</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> to the south. Manitoba is at the centre of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, with a high volume of the water draining into Lake Winnipeg and then north down the <a href="/wiki/Nelson_River" title="Nelson River">Nelson River</a> into Hudson Bay. This basin's rivers reach far west to the mountains, far south into the United States, and east into Ontario. Major watercourses include the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_North" title="Red River of the North">Red</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_River" title="Assiniboine River">Assiniboine</a>, Nelson, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_River" title="Winnipeg River">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hayes_River" title="Hayes River">Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whiteshell_River" title="Whiteshell River">Whiteshell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Churchill_River_(Hudson_Bay)" title="Churchill River (Hudson Bay)">Churchill rivers</a>. Most of Manitoba's inhabited south has developed in the prehistoric bed of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Agassiz" title="Lake Agassiz">Glacial Lake Agassiz</a>. This region, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley" title="Red River Valley">Red River Valley</a>, is flat and fertile; receding glaciers left hilly and rocky areas throughout the province.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The province has a saltwater coastline bordering Hudson Bay and more than 110,000 lakes,<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> covering approximately 15.6 percent or 101,593 square kilometres (39,225 sq mi) of its surface area.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Manitoba's major lakes are <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manitoba" title="Lake Manitoba">Lake Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipegosis" title="Lake Winnipegosis">Lake Winnipegosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipeg" title="Lake Winnipeg">Lake Winnipeg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_by_area" title="List of lakes by area">tenth-largest freshwater lake</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> A total of 29,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi) of traditional First Nations lands and <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">boreal forest</a> on Lake Winnipeg's east side were officially designated as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Pimachiowin_Aki" title="Pimachiowin Aki">Pimachiowin Aki</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baldy_Mountain_(Manitoba)" title="Baldy Mountain (Manitoba)">Baldy Mountain</a> is the province's highest point at 832 metres (2,730 ft) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>,<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> and the Hudson Bay coast is the lowest at sea level. <a href="/wiki/Riding_Mountain_National_Park" title="Riding Mountain National Park">Riding Mountain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pembina_Escarpment" title="Pembina Escarpment">Pembina Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandilands_Provincial_Forest" title="Sandilands Provincial Forest">Sandilands Provincial Forest</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a> are also upland regions. Much of the province's sparsely inhabited north and east lie on the irregular granite Canadian Shield, including <a href="/wiki/Whiteshell_Provincial_Park" title="Whiteshell Provincial Park">Whiteshell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atikaki_Provincial_Wilderness_Park" title="Atikaki Provincial Wilderness Park">Atikaki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nopiming_Provincial_Park" title="Nopiming Provincial Park">Nopiming Provincial Parks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Extensive agriculture is found only in the province's southern areas, although there is grain farming in the <a href="/wiki/Kelsey,_Manitoba" title="Kelsey, Manitoba">Carrot Valley Region</a> (near <a href="/wiki/The_Pas" title="The Pas">The Pas</a>). Around 11 per cent of Canada's farmland is in Manitoba.<a href="#cite_note-farmland-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Manitoba" title="Climate of Manitoba">Climate of Manitoba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG/220px-Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG/220px-Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG/330px-Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG/440px-Deep_Lake_-_Riding_Mountain_National_Park.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Deep Lake at <a href="/wiki/Riding_Mountain_National_Park" title="Riding Mountain National Park">Riding Mountain National Park</a></figcaption></figure> Manitoba has an extreme <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a>. Temperatures and precipitation generally decrease from south to north and increase from east to west.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Manitoba is far from the moderating influences of mountain ranges or large bodies of water. Because of the generally flat landscape, it is exposed to cold <a href="/wiki/Polar_high" title="Polar high">Arctic high-pressure</a> air masses from the northwest during January and February. In the summer, air masses sometimes come out of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, as warm humid air is drawn northward from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F) numerous times each summer, and the combination of heat and humidity can bring the <a href="/wiki/Humidex" title="Humidex">humidex</a> value to the mid-40s.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carman,_Manitoba" title="Carman, Manitoba">Carman, Manitoba</a>, recorded the second-highest humidex ever in Canada in 2007, with 53.0.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>, Manitoba ranked first for clearest skies year round and ranked second for clearest skies in the summer and for the sunniest province in the winter and spring.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manitoba" title="Southern Manitoba">Southern Manitoba</a> (including the city of Winnipeg), falls into the humid continental climate zone (Köppen Dfb). This area is cold and windy in the winter and often has blizzards because of the open landscape. Summers are warm with a moderate length. This region is the most humid area in the prairie provinces, with moderate precipitation. Southwestern Manitoba, though under the same climate classification as the rest of Southern Manitoba, is closer to the semi-arid interior of <a href="/wiki/Palliser%27s_Triangle" title="Palliser's Triangle">Palliser's Triangle</a>. The area is drier and more prone to <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">droughts</a> than other parts of southern Manitoba.<a href="#cite_note-steppe-61">[60]</a> This area is cold and windy in the winter and has frequent blizzards due to the openness of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Prairie">Canadian Prairie</a> landscape.<a href="#cite_note-steppe-61">[60]</a> Summers are generally warm to hot, with low to moderate humidity.<a href="#cite_note-steppe-61">[60]</a> Southern parts of the province, just north of <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>, experience <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a>, with 16 confirmed touchdowns in 2016. In 2007, on 22 and 23 June, numerous tornadoes touched down, the largest an <a href="/wiki/Elie,_Manitoba_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Elie, Manitoba tornado">F5 tornado</a> that devastated parts of <a href="/wiki/Elie,_Manitoba" title="Elie, Manitoba">Elie</a> (the strongest recorded tornado in Canada).<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1278"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 391px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="391" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Manitoba_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Köppen climate types of Manitoba</figcaption></figure> The province's northern sections (including the city of <a href="/wiki/Thompson,_Manitoba" title="Thompson, Manitoba">Thompson</a>) fall in the <a href="/wiki/Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic climate</a> zone (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Dfc). This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, warm summers with little precipitation.<a href="#cite_note-subarctic-63">[62]</a> Overnight temperatures as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) occur on several days each winter.<a href="#cite_note-subarctic-63">[62]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Community </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Manitoba" title="List of regions of Manitoba">Region</a> </th> <th>July daily maximum<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Climate_Normals_or_Averages_1981-2010-64">[63]</a> </th> <th>January daily maximum<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Climate_Normals_or_Averages_1981-2010-64">[63]</a> </th> <th>Annual precipitation<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Climate_Normals_or_Averages_1981-2010-64">[63]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morden,_Manitoba" title="Morden, Manitoba">Morden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pembina_Valley_Region" title="Pembina Valley Region">Pembina Valley</a></td> <td>26 °C (79 °F)</td> <td>−10 °C (14 °F)</td> <td>541 mm (21 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg Capital Region">Winnipeg</a></td> <td>26 °C (79 °F)</td> <td>−11 °C (12 °F)</td> <td>521 mm (21 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierson,_Manitoba" title="Pierson, Manitoba">Pierson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westman_Region" title="Westman Region">Westman Region</a></td> <td>27 °C (81 °F)</td> <td>−9 °C (16 °F)</td> <td>457 mm (18 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dauphin,_Manitoba" title="Dauphin, Manitoba">Dauphin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parkland_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkland Region, Manitoba">Parkland</a></td> <td>25 °C (77 °F)</td> <td>−10 °C (14 °F)</td> <td>482 mm (19 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Steinbach,_Manitoba" title="Steinbach, Manitoba">Steinbach</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Region, Manitoba">Eastman</a></td> <td>25 °C (77 °F)</td> <td>−11 °C (12 °F)</td> <td>581 mm (23 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portage_la_Prairie" title="Portage la Prairie">Portage la Prairie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plains Region, Manitoba">Central Plains</a></td> <td>26 °C (79 °F)</td> <td>−9 °C (16 °F)</td> <td>532 mm (21 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Manitoba" title="Brandon, Manitoba">Brandon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westman_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Westman Region, Manitoba">Westman</a></td> <td>25 °C (77 °F)</td> <td>−11 °C (12 °F)</td> <td>474 mm (19 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Pas" title="The Pas">The Pas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Region, Manitoba">Northern</a></td> <td>24 °C (75 °F)</td> <td>−14 °C (7 °F)</td> <td>450 mm (18 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thompson,_Manitoba" title="Thompson, Manitoba">Thompson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Region, Manitoba">Northern</a></td> <td>23 °C (73 °F)</td> <td>−18 °C (0 °F)</td> <td>474 mm (19 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba" title="Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Region, Manitoba">Northern</a></td> <td>18 °C (64 °F)</td> <td>−22 °C (−8 °F)</td> <td>453 mm (18 in) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="A bear with white fur and black eyes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg/170px-Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="3373"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg/170px-Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg" data-alt="A bear with white fur and black eyes" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg/255px-Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg/340px-Polarb%C3%A4r_1_2004-11-17.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Polar bears are common in northern Manitoba.</figcaption></figure> Manitoba natural communities may be grouped within five ecozones: <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Plains_Ecozone_(CEC)" title="Boreal Plains Ecozone (CEC)">boreal plains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prairies_Ecozone" title="Prairies Ecozone">prairie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiga_Shield_Ecozone_(CEC)" title="Taiga Shield Ecozone (CEC)">taiga shield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Shield_Ecozone_(CEC)" title="Boreal Shield Ecozone (CEC)">boreal shield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Plains_Ecozone_(CEC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson Plains Ecozone (CEC)">Hudson plains</a>. Three of these—taiga shield, boreal shield and Hudson plain—contain part of the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_forest_of_Canada" title="Boreal forest of Canada">Boreal forest of Canada</a> which covers the province's eastern, southeastern, and northern reaches.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Forests make up about 263,000 square kilometres (102,000 sq mi), or 48 percent, of the province's land area.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> The forests consist of pines (<a href="/wiki/Pinus_banksiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus banksiana">Jack Pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinus_resinosa" title="Pinus resinosa">Red Pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinus_strobus" title="Pinus strobus">Eastern White Pine</a>), spruces (<a href="/wiki/Picea_glauca" title="Picea glauca">White Spruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picea_mariana" title="Picea mariana">Black Spruce</a>), <a href="/wiki/Abies_balsamea" title="Abies balsamea">Balsam Fir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larix_laricina" title="Larix laricina">Tamarack (larch)</a>, poplars (<a href="/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" title="Populus tremuloides">Trembling Aspen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populus_balsamifera" title="Populus balsamifera">Balsam Poplar</a>), birches (<a href="/wiki/Betula_papyrifera" title="Betula papyrifera">White Birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betula_pumila" title="Betula pumila">Swamp Birch</a>) and small pockets of <a href="/wiki/Thuja_occidentalis" title="Thuja occidentalis">Eastern White Cedar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Forestry-67">[66]</a> Two sections of the province are not dominated by forest. The province's northeast corner bordering Hudson Bay is above the <a href="/wiki/Treeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Treeline">treeline</a> and considered <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tallgrass_prairie" title="Tallgrass prairie">tallgrass prairie</a> once dominated the south-central and southeastern regions, including the Red River Valley. <a href="/wiki/Mixed_grass_prairie" title="Mixed grass prairie">Mixed grass prairie</a> is found in the southwestern region. Agriculture has replaced much of the natural vegetation but prairie can still be found in parks and protected areas; some are notable for the presence of the endangered <a href="/wiki/Platanthera_praeclara" title="Platanthera praeclara">western prairie fringed orchid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Manitoba is especially noted for its northern <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a> population; <a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba" title="Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill</a> is commonly referred to as the "Polar Bear Capital".<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In the waters off the northern coast of the province are numerous marine species, including the <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whale</a>. Other populations of animals, including <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_bear" title="Grizzly bear">brown bears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grey_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey wolf">grey wolf</a>, are distributed throughout the province, especially in the provincial and national <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Manitoba" title="List of protected areas of Manitoba">parks</a>. There is a large population of <a href="/wiki/Garter_snake" title="Garter snake">red-sided garter snakes</a> near <a href="/wiki/Narcisse,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcisse, Manitoba">Narcisse</a>; the overwintering dens there are seasonally home to the world's largest concentration of snakes.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Manitoba's bird diversity is enhanced by its position on two major migration routes, with 392 confirmed identified species; 287 of these nesting within the province.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> These include the <a href="/wiki/Great_grey_owl" title="Great grey owl">great grey owl</a>, the province's official bird, and the endangered <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Manitoba's lakes host 18 species of game fish, particularly species of <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pike_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike (fish)">pike</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Goldeye" title="Goldeye">goldeye</a>, as well as many smaller fish.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Manitoba" title="Demographics of Manitoba">Demographics of Manitoba</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Manitoba_by_population" title="List of communities in Manitoba by population">List of communities in Manitoba by population</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right;"> <caption>Largest cities by population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2016 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a> </td> <td>749,607 </td> <td>705,224 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Manitoba" title="Brandon, Manitoba">Brandon</a> </td> <td>51,313 </td> <td>48,883 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Steinbach,_Manitoba" title="Steinbach, Manitoba">Steinbach</a> </td> <td>17,806 </td> <td>16,022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Winkler,_Manitoba" title="Winkler, Manitoba">Winkler</a> </td> <td>13,745 </td> <td>12,660 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portage_la_Prairie" title="Portage la Prairie">Portage la Prairie</a> </td> <td>13,270 </td> <td>13,304 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thompson,_Manitoba" title="Thompson, Manitoba">Thompson</a> </td> <td>13,035 </td> <td>13,678 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Selkirk,_Manitoba" title="Selkirk, Manitoba">Selkirk</a> </td> <td>10,504 </td> <td>10,278 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morden,_Manitoba" title="Morden, Manitoba">Morden</a> </td> <td>9,929 </td> <td>8,668 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dauphin,_Manitoba" title="Dauphin, Manitoba">Dauphin</a> </td> <td>8,638 </td> <td>8,369 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Table source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=302&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&PR=46">Statistics Canada</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> At the 2021 census, Manitoba had a population of 1,342,153,<a href="#cite_note-census2021-75">[74]</a> more than half of which is in Winnipeg.<a href="#cite_note-2021winnipeg-76">[75]</a> Although initial colonization of the province revolved mostly around homesteading, the last century has seen a shift towards urbanization; Manitoba is the only Canadian province with over fifty-five percent of its population in a single city.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> The largest ethnic group in Manitoba is <a href="/wiki/English_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="English Canadian">English</a> (16.1%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Canadian">Scottish</a> (14.5%), <a href="/wiki/Canadians_of_German_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadians of German ethnicity">German</a> (13.6%), <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Canadian">Ukrainian</a> (12.6%), <a href="/wiki/Irish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Canadian">Irish</a> (11.0%), <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French</a> (9.3%), <a href="/wiki/Canadian_ethnicity" title="Canadian ethnicity">Canadian</a> (8.4%), <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Canadians" title="Filipino Canadians">Filipino</a> (7.0%), <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (Canada)">Métis</a> (6.8%), <a href="/wiki/Polish_Canadians" title="Polish Canadians">Polish</a> (6.0%), <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> (4.5%), <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a> (3.9%), <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians in Canada">Russian</a> (3.7%), <a href="/wiki/Canadians_of_Dutch_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadians of Dutch descent">Dutch</a> (3.3%), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Canadian">Indian</a> (3.0%), and <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Canadians" title="Icelandic Canadians">Icelandic</a> (2.4%).<a href="#cite_note-census2021-75">[74]</a> Indigenous peoples (including Métis) are Manitoba's fastest-growing ethnic group, representing 13.6 percent of Manitoba's population as of 2001 (some reserves refused to allow census-takers to enumerate their populations or were otherwise incompletely counted).<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rural_Municipality_of_Gimli" title="Rural Municipality of Gimli">Gimli, Manitoba</a> is home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Icelanders" title="Icelanders">Icelandic</a> community outside of <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> As of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Canadian Census</a>, the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (1,288,950 or 98.6%), French (111,790 or 8.55%), Tagalog (73,440 or 5.62%), Punjabi (42,820 or 3.28%), German (41,980 or 3.21%),<a href="#cite_note-speaker-81">[b]</a> Hindi (26,980 or 2.06%), Spanish (23,435 or 1.79%), Mandarin (16,765 or 1.28%), Cree (16,115 or 1.23%),<a href="#cite_note-82">[c]</a> and Plautdietsch (15,055 or 1.15%).<a href="#cite_note-speaker-81">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-census2021-75">[74]</a> The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. Most Manitobans belong to a Christian denomination: on the 2021 census, 54.2% reported being Christian, followed by 2.7% <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>, 2.0% Muslim, 1.4% Hindu, 0.9% Jewish, and 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Indigenous spirituality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-census2021-75">[74]</a> 36.7% reported no religious affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-census2021-75">[74]</a> The largest Christian denominations by number of adherents were the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Canada">Roman Catholic Church</a> with 21.2%; the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a> with 5.8%; and the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church of Canada</a> with 3.3%.<a href="#cite_note-census2021-75">[74]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Manitoba" title="Economy of Manitoba">Economy of Manitoba</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Canada" title="List of companies of Canada">List of companies of Canada</a></div> Manitoba has a moderately strong economy based largely on natural resources. Its <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product">Gross Domestic Product</a> was C$50.834 billion in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-gdp-83">[80]</a> The province's economy grew 2.4 percent in 2008, the third consecutive year of growth.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> The average individual income in Manitoba in 2006 was C$25,100 (compared to a national average of C$26,500), ranking fifth-highest among the provinces.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> As of October 2009, Manitoba's unemployment rate was 5.8 percent.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Manitoba's economy relies heavily on agriculture, tourism, electricity, oil, mining, and forestry. Agriculture is vital and is found mostly in the southern half of the province, although grain farming occurs as far north as The Pas. The most common agricultural activity is cattle husbandry, followed by assorted grains and <a href="/wiki/Oilseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilseed">oilseed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Statcan_Wheats_and_Grains-87">[84]</a> Manitoba is the nation's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seed</a> and dry beans,<a href="#cite_note-University-88">[85]</a> and one of the leading sources of potatoes. Portage la Prairie is a major potato processing centre.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richardson_International" title="Richardson International">Richardson International</a>, one of the largest oat mills in the world, also has a plant in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_municipalities_in_Manitoba" title="List of rural municipalities in Manitoba">municipality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> Manitoba's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations">crown corporations</a> and services like <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Manitoba" title="List of hospitals in Manitoba">hospitals</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Manitoba">universities</a>. Major private-sector employers are <a href="/wiki/The_Great-West_Life_Assurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great-West Life Assurance Company">The Great-West Life Assurance Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cargill_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Cargill Ltd.">Cargill Ltd.</a>, and Richardson International.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> Manitoba also has large manufacturing and tourism sectors. Churchill's Arctic wildlife is a major tourist attraction; the town is a world capital for polar bear and <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whale</a> watchers.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Manitoba is the only province with an Arctic deep-water seaport, at Churchill.<a href="#cite_note-port-93">[90]</a> In January 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="Canadian Federation of Independent Business">Canadian Federation of Independent Business</a> claimed Manitoba was the most improved province for tackling <a href="/wiki/Red_tape" title="Red tape">red tape</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_history">Economic history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="A line of wooden carts with wagon wheels pulled by oxen move down a path through a prairie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg/220px-Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="333"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg/220px-Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg" data-alt="A line of wooden carts with wagon wheels pulled by oxen move down a path through a prairie" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg/330px-Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg/440px-Red_River_cart_train_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Red River cart train</figcaption></figure> Manitoba's early economy depended on mobility and living off the land. Indigenous Nations (Cree, Ojibwa, Dene, Sioux and Assiniboine) followed herds of bison and congregated to trade among themselves at key meeting places throughout the province. After the arrival of the first European traders in the 17th century, the economy centred on the trade of beaver pelts and other furs.<a href="#cite_note-prairies-95">[92]</a> Diversification of the economy came when Lord Selkirk brought the first agricultural settlers in 1811,<a href="#cite_note-lord_selkirk-96">[93]</a> though the triumph of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) over its competitors ensured the primacy of the fur trade over widespread agricultural colonization.<a href="#cite_note-prairies-95">[92]</a> HBC control of Rupert's Land ended in 1868; when Manitoba became a province in 1870, all land became the property of the federal government, with homesteads granted to settlers for farming.<a href="#cite_note-prairies-95">[92]</a> Transcontinental railways were constructed to simplify trade. Manitoba's economy depended mainly on farming, which persisted until drought and the Great Depression led to further diversification.<a href="#cite_note-easterbrook-39">[38]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Military_bases">Military bases</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Military bases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <a href="/wiki/CFB_Winnipeg" title="CFB Winnipeg">CFB Winnipeg</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_base" title="Canadian Forces base">Canadian Forces Base</a> at the Winnipeg International Airport. The base is home to flight operations support divisions and several training schools, as well as the <a href="/wiki/1_Canadian_Air_Division" title="1 Canadian Air Division">1 Canadian Air Division</a> and Canadian <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">NORAD</a> Region Headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-C_Air_Force-97">[94]</a> 17 Wing of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a> is based at CFB Winnipeg; the Wing has three squadrons and six schools.<a href="#cite_note-17_Wing_Page-98">[95]</a> It supports 113 units from <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a> to the Saskatchewan/Alberta border, and from the <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel north</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">high Arctic</a>. 17 Wing acts as a deployed operating base for <a href="/wiki/CF-18_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="CF-18 Hornet">CF-18 Hornet</a> fighter–bombers assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region.<a href="#cite_note-17_Wing_Page-98">[95]</a> The two 17 Wing squadrons based in the city are: the 402 ("City of Winnipeg" Squadron), which flies the Canadian designed and produced de Havilland Canada <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Dash_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Dash 8">CT-142 Dash 8</a> navigation trainer in support of the 1 Canadian Forces Flight Training School's Air Combat Systems Officer and Airborne Electronic Sensor Operator training programs (which trains all Canadian Air Combat Systems Officer);<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> and the 435 ("Chinthe" Transport and Rescue Squadron), which flies the Lockheed <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> tanker/transport in airlift <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a> roles, and is the only Air Force squadron equipped and trained to conduct <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">air-to-air refuelling</a> of fighter aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-17_Wing_Page-98">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/CFB_Shilo" title="CFB Shilo">Canadian Forces Base Shilo</a> (CFB Shilo) is an Operations and Training base of the Canadian Forces 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Brandon. During the 1990s, Canadian Forces Base Shilo was designated as an Area Support Unit, acting as a local base of operations for Southwest Manitoba in times of military and civil emergency.<a href="#cite_note-Shilo-100">[97]</a> CFB Shilo is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Horse_Artillery" title="Royal Canadian Horse Artillery">1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery</a>, both battalions of the <a href="/wiki/1_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Canadian_Artillery" title="Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery">Royal Canadian Artillery</a>. The Second Battalion of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (2 PPCLI), which was originally stationed in Winnipeg (first at Fort Osborne, then in Kapyong Barracks), has operated out of CFB Shilo since 2004. CFB Shilo hosts a training unit, 3rd Canadian Division Training Centre. It serves as a base for support units of <a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Western_Area" title="Land Force Western Area">3rd Canadian Division</a>, also including 3 CDSG Signals Squadron, Shared Services Unit (West), 11 CF Health Services Centre, 1 Dental Unit, 1 Military Police Regiment, and an Integrated Personnel Support Centre. The base houses 1,700 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-Shilo-100">[97]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government and politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Manitoba" title="Politics of Manitoba">Politics of Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_municipalities_in_Manitoba" title="List of rural municipalities in Manitoba">List of rural municipalities in Manitoba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">Monarchy in Manitoba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="A large concrete building with Classical-style columns and a green dome topped by a golden statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg/220px-Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="1499"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg/220px-Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg" data-alt="A large concrete building with Classical-style columns and a green dome topped by a golden statue" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg/330px-Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg/440px-Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Legislative_Building" title="Manitoba Legislative Building">Manitoba Legislative Building</a>, meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a></figcaption></figure> After the control of Rupert's Land was passed from Great Britain to the Government of Canada in 1869, Manitoba attained full-fledged rights and responsibilities of self-government as the first Canadian province carved out of <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a> was established on 14 July 1870. Political parties first emerged between 1878 and 1883, with a two-party system (<a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Liberals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Conservatives</a>).<a href="#cite_note-adams-102">[99]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Party of Manitoba">United Farmers of Manitoba</a> appeared in 1922, and later merged with the Liberals in 1932.<a href="#cite_note-adams-102">[99]</a> Other parties, including the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), appeared during the Great Depression; in the 1950s, Manitoban politics became a three-party system, and the Liberals gradually declined in power.<a href="#cite_note-adams-102">[99]</a> The CCF became the New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP), which came to power in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-adams-102">[99]</a> Since then, the Progressive Conservatives and the NDP have been the dominant parties.<a href="#cite_note-adams-102">[99]</a> Like all Canadian provinces, Manitoba is governed by a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral_legislative_assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral legislative assembly">unicameral legislative assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive branch</a> is formed by the governing party; the <a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">party leader</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">premier of Manitoba</a>, the head of the executive branch. The head of state, <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a>, is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Manitoba">lieutenant governor of Manitoba</a>, who is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_general_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor general of Canada">governor general of Canada</a> on advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-roles-104">[101]</a> The head of state is primarily a ceremonial role, although the lieutenant governor has the official responsibility of ensuring Manitoba has a duly constituted government.<a href="#cite_note-roles-104">[101]</a> The Legislative Assembly consists of the 57 Members elected to represent the people of Manitoba.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Manitoba" title="List of premiers of Manitoba">premier</a> of Manitoba is <a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Wab Kinew</a>, who was elected in the 2023 provincial election.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> The province is represented in federal politics by 14 Members of Parliament and six <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Manitoba's judiciary consists of the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Court_of_Appeal" title="Manitoba Court of Appeal">Court of Appeal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_of_Manitoba" title="Court of King's Bench of Manitoba">Court of King's Bench</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Court_of_Manitoba" title="Provincial Court of Manitoba">Provincial Court</a>. The Provincial Court is primarily for criminal law; 95 per cent of criminal cases in Manitoba are heard here.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> The Court of King's Bench is the highest trial court in the province. It has four jurisdictions: <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">family law</a> (<a href="/wiki/Child_and_family_services" title="Child and family services">child and family services</a> cases), <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal law</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Indictable_offence" title="Indictable offence">indictable offences</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeals</a>. The Court of Appeal hears appeals from both benches; its decisions can only be appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_languages">Official languages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Official languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bilingualism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingualism in Canada">Bilingualism in Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Act">Manitoba Act</a></div> Both English and French are <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official languages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislature of Manitoba">legislature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Court_of_Manitoba" title="Provincial Court of Manitoba">courts</a> of Manitoba, according to section 23 of the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Act,_1870" title="Manitoba Act, 1870">Manitoba Act, 1870</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution of Canada</a>).<a href="#cite_note-bilingual-111">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> In April 1890, the Manitoba legislature attempted to abolish the official status of French and ceased to publish bilingual legislation. However, in 1985, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> ruled in the <a href="/wiki/Reference_re_Manitoba_Language_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference re Manitoba Language Rights">Reference re Manitoba Language Rights</a> that section 23 still applied, and that legislation published only in English was invalid (unilingual legislation was declared valid for a temporary period to allow time for translation).<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> Although French is an official language for the purposes of the legislature, legislation, and the courts, the Manitoba Act does not require it to be an official language for the purpose of the executive branch (except when performing legislative or judicial functions).<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> Hence, Manitoba's government is not completely bilingual. The Manitoba French Language Services Policy of 1999 is intended to provide a comparable level of provincial government services in both official languages.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> According to the 2006 Census, 82.8 percent of Manitoba's population spoke only English, 3.2 percent spoke only French, 15.1 percent spoke both, and 0.9 percent spoke neither.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> In 2010, the provincial government of Manitoba passed the Aboriginal Languages Recognition Act, which gives official recognition to seven indigenous languages: <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dene_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dene language">Dene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michif" title="Michif">Michif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ojibway_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibway language">Ojibway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oji-Cree_language" title="Oji-Cree language">Oji-Cree</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Canada" title="List of bridges in Canada">List of bridges in Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_provincial_highways" title="List of Manitoba provincial highways">List of Manitoba provincial highways</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Large grey stone building with large ornamental archway entrance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg/220px-Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1077"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg/220px-Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg" data-alt="Large grey stone building with large ornamental archway entrance" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg/330px-Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg/440px-Union_Station_Winnipeg.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Winnipeg)" title="Union Station (Winnipeg)">Union Station</a> in Winnipeg</figcaption></figure> Manitoba has two <a href="/wiki/Class_I_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class I railroad">Class I railways</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a> (CN) and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> (CPR). Winnipeg is centrally located on the main lines of both carriers, and both maintain large inter-modal terminals in the city.<a href="#cite_note-transport-118">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a> offers transcontinental and Northern Manitoba passenger service from <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Winnipeg)" title="Union Station (Winnipeg)">Winnipeg's Union Station</a>. Numerous small regional and short-line railways also run trains within Manitoba: the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay_Railway_(1997)" title="Hudson Bay Railway (1997)">Hudson Bay Railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manitoba_Railway" title="Southern Manitoba Railway">Southern Manitoba Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Northern_Santa_Fe_Manitoba" title="Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba">Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Winnipeg_Water_District_Railway" title="Greater Winnipeg Water District Railway">Greater Winnipeg Water District Railway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Central_Manitoba_Railway" title="Central Manitoba Railway">Central Manitoba Railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-transport-118">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_James_Armstrong_Richardson_International_Airport" title="Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport">Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport</a>, Manitoba's largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Manitoba" title="List of airports in Manitoba">airport</a>, is one of only a few 24-hour unrestricted airports in Canada and is part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Airports_System" title="National Airports System">National Airports System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-airport-119">[116]</a> A new, larger terminal opened in October 2011.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> It is the seventh <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Canada" title="List of the busiest airports in Canada">busiest airport in Canada</a> by passenger traffic, serving 4,484,343 passengers in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-pax-121">[118]</a> and the 11th busiest airport by aircraft movements.<a href="#cite_note-move-122">[119]</a> The airport handles approximately 195,000 tonnes (430,000,000 lb) of cargo annually, making it the third largest cargo airport in the country.<a href="#cite_note-airport-119">[116]</a> Winnipeg is a major sorting facility for both <a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purolator_Courier" class="mw-redirect" title="Purolator Courier">Purolator</a>, and receives daily trans-border service from <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-transport-118">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Churchill" title="Port of Churchill">Port of Churchill</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> deep-water port in Canada. It is nautically closer to ports in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a> and Russia than any other port in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-port-93">[90]</a> It has four deep-sea berths for the loading and unloading of grain, general cargo and tanker vessels.<a href="#cite_note-transport-118">[115]</a> The port is served by the Hudson Bay Railway. The port and railway came under complete community and Indigenous ownership in 2021, after AGT Food and Ingredients and Fairfax Financial transferred their shares in Arctic Gateway to OneNorth – a consortium of community and Indigenous partners which owned the other fifty percent of Arctic Gateway's shares.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Manitoba" title="Higher education in Manitoba">Higher education in Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Public_Schools_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Public Schools Act">Manitoba Public Schools Act</a></div> Public schools follow a provincially mandated curriculum in either French or English. There are sixty-five funded independent schools in Manitoba, including three boarding schools.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> These schools must follow the Manitoban curriculum and meet other provincial requirements. There are forty-four non-funded independent schools, which are not required to meet those standards.<a href="#cite_note-non-fund-125">[122]</a> Public schools in Manitoba fall under the regulation of one of thirty-seven <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Manitoba" title="List of school districts in Manitoba">school divisions</a> within <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education,_Citizenship_and_Youth_(Manitoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Education, Citizenship and Youth (Manitoba)">the provincial education system</a> (except for the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Band_Operated_Schools" title="Manitoba Band Operated Schools">Manitoba Band Operated Schools</a>, which are administered by the federal government).<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> In 2021, the provincial government announced a plan to merge all English-language school divisions into 15 regional catchment areas, overseen by a provincial education authority.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> There are five universities in Manitoba, regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Advanced_Education_and_Literacy_(Manitoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Advanced Education and Literacy (Manitoba)">Ministry of Advanced Education and Literacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aucc-128">[125]</a> Four of these universities are in Winnipeg: the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a>, the largest and most comprehensive; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Winnipeg" title="University of Winnipeg">University of Winnipeg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts school</a> primarily focused on <a href="/wiki/Undergrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergrad">undergrad</a> studies downtown; <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Saint-Boniface" title="Université de Saint-Boniface">Université de Saint-Boniface</a>, the province's only French-language university; and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Mennonite_University" title="Canadian Mennonite University">Canadian Mennonite University</a>, a religious-based institution. The Université de Saint-Boniface, established in 1818 and now affiliated with the University of Manitoba, is the oldest university in Western Canada. <a href="/wiki/Brandon_University" title="Brandon University">Brandon University</a>, formed in 1899 and in Brandon, is the province's only university not in Winnipeg.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Manitoba has fifty-four public library systems. Of these, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Public_Library" title="Winnipeg Public Library">Winnipeg Public Library</a> has the largest collections, at 1.1 million items as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Manitoba" title="Culture of Manitoba">Culture of Manitoba</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Arts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wpgconcerthall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wpgconcerthall.jpg/220px-Wpgconcerthall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wpgconcerthall.jpg/220px-Wpgconcerthall.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wpgconcerthall.jpg/330px-Wpgconcerthall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wpgconcerthall.jpg/440px-Wpgconcerthall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Concert_Hall" title="Centennial Concert Hall">Centennial Concert Hall</a> in Winnipeg</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture,_Heritage,_Tourism_and_Sport_(Manitoba)" title="Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport (Manitoba)">Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport</a> is responsible for promoting and, to some extent, financing Manitoban culture.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> Manitoba is the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Jig" title="Red River Jig">Red River Jig</a>, a combination of Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Pow-wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow-wow">pow-wows</a> and European <a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">reels</a> popular among early settlers.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> Manitoba's traditional music has strong roots in Métis and First Nations culture, in particular the old-time <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddling</a> of the Métis.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> Manitoba's cultural scene also incorporates classical European traditions. The Winnipeg-based <a href="/wiki/Royal_Winnipeg_Ballet" title="Royal Winnipeg Ballet">Royal Winnipeg Ballet</a> (RWB), is Canada's oldest ballet and North America's longest continuously operating <a href="/wiki/Ballet_company" title="Ballet company">ballet company</a>; it was granted its royal title in 1953 under Queen Elizabeth II.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra">Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra</a> (WSO) performs classical music and new compositions at the <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Concert_Hall" title="Centennial Concert Hall">Centennial Concert Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Opera" title="Manitoba Opera">Manitoba Opera</a>, founded in 1969, also performs out of the Centennial Concert Hall. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg/220px-Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg/220px-Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg/330px-Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg/440px-Former_home_of_Margaret_Laurence.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Author <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Laurence" title="Margaret Laurence">Margaret Laurence</a>'s home in Neepawa</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Le_Cercle_Moli%C3%A8re" title="Le Cercle Molière">Le Cercle Molière</a> (founded 1925) is the oldest French-language theatre in Canada,<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Manitoba_Theatre_Centre" title="Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre">Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre</a> (founded 1958) is Canada's oldest English-language regional theatre.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Theatre_for_Young_People" title="Manitoba Theatre for Young People">Manitoba Theatre for Young People</a> was the first English-language theatre to win the Canadian Institute of the Arts for Young Audiences Award, and offers plays for children and teenagers as well as a theatre school.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Art_Gallery" title="Winnipeg Art Gallery">Winnipeg Art Gallery</a> (WAG), Manitoba's largest art gallery and the sixth largest in the country, hosts an art school for children; the WAG's permanent collection comprises over twenty thousand works, with a particular emphasis on Manitoban and Canadian art.<a href="#cite_note-wag-139">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> The 1960s pop group <a href="/wiki/The_Guess_Who" title="The Guess Who">the Guess Who</a> was formed in Manitoba, and later became the first Canadian band to have a No. 1 hit in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> Guess Who guitarist <a href="/wiki/Randy_Bachman" title="Randy Bachman">Randy Bachman</a> later created <a href="/wiki/Bachman%E2%80%93Turner_Overdrive" title="Bachman–Turner Overdrive">Bachman–Turner Overdrive</a> (BTO) with fellow Winnipeg-based musician <a href="/wiki/Fred_Turner_(musician)" title="Fred Turner (musician)">Fred Turner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> Fellow rocker <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>, grew up in Manitoba, and later played in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Springfield" title="Buffalo Springfield">Buffalo Springfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Stills,_Nash_%26_Young" title="Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young">Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> Folk rock band <a href="/wiki/Crash_Test_Dummies" title="Crash Test Dummies">Crash Test Dummies</a> formed in the late 1980s in Winnipeg and were the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Juno_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Juno Award">Juno Awards</a> Group of the Year.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Several prominent Canadian films were produced in Manitoba, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Angel_(film)" title="The Stone Angel (film)">The Stone Angel</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Laurence" title="Margaret Laurence">Margaret Laurence</a> book of the <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Angel" title="The Stone Angel">same title</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Saddest_Music_in_the_World" title="The Saddest Music in the World">The Saddest Music in the World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foodland_(film)" title="Foodland (film)">Foodland</a>, <a href="/wiki/For_Angela" title="For Angela">For Angela</a>, and <a href="/wiki/My_Winnipeg" title="My Winnipeg">My Winnipeg</a>. Major films shot in Manitoba include <a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Jesse_James_by_the_Coward_Robert_Ford" title="The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford">The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capote_(film)" title="Capote (film)">Capote</a>,<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> both of which received <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominations.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Beach" title="Falcon Beach">Falcon Beach</a>, an internationally broadcast television drama, was filmed at <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Beach,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg Beach, Manitoba">Winnipeg Beach, Manitoba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> Manitoba has a strong literary tradition. <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brooker" title="Bertram Brooker">Bertram Brooker</a> won the first-ever <a href="/wiki/Governor_General%27s_Awards" title="Governor General's Awards">Governor General's Award</a> for Fiction in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-ggla-past-148">[145]</a> Cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Johnston" title="Lynn Johnston">Lynn Johnston</a>, author of the comic strip <a href="/wiki/For_Better_or_For_Worse" title="For Better or For Worse">For Better or For Worse</a>, was a finalist for a 1994 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> and inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cartoonist_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Cartoonist Hall of Fame">Canadian Cartoonist Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Margaret Laurence's The Stone Angel and <a href="/wiki/A_Jest_of_God" title="A Jest of God">A Jest of God</a> were set in <a href="/wiki/Manawaka" title="Manawaka">Manawaka</a>, a fictional town representing <a href="/wiki/Neepawa,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Neepawa, Manitoba">Neepawa</a>; the latter title won the Governor General's Award in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_Shields" title="Carol Shields">Carol Shields</a> won both the Governor General's Award and the Pulitzer Prize for <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Diaries" title="The Stone Diaries">The Stone Diaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Roy" title="Gabrielle Roy">Gabrielle Roy</a>, a Franco-Manitoban writer, won the Governor General's Award three times.<a href="#cite_note-ggla-past-148">[145]</a> A quote from her writings is featured on the Canadian $20 bill.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Thomas" title="Joan Thomas">Joan Thomas</a> was nominated for the Governor General's Award twice and won in 2019 for Five Wives. The province has also been home to many of the key figures in <a href="/wiki/Mennonite_literature" title="Mennonite literature">Mennonite literature</a>, including Governor General Award-winning <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Toews" title="Miriam Toews">Miriam Toews</a>, Giller winner <a href="/wiki/David_Bergen" title="David Bergen">David Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armin_Wiebe" title="Armin Wiebe">Armin Wiebe</a> and many others.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Birdsell" title="Sandra Birdsell">Sandra Birdsell</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a> focusses on her <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (Canada)">Métis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a> heritage, was thrice nominated for the Governor General's Literary Award for English Language Fiction, and also for the Scotiabank Giller Prize in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Festivals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Manitoba" title="Category:Festivals in Manitoba">Category:Festivals in Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_music_festivals_in_Canada#Manitoba" title="List of music festivals in Canada">List of music festivals in Canada § Manitoba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_(4).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG/170px-Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG/170px-Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG/255px-Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG/340px-Apple_and_Corn_Festival_Morden_Manitoba_Canada_%284%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Morden,_Manitoba" title="Morden, Manitoba">Morden</a> Corn and Apple Festival</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg/220px-Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="493"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg/220px-Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg/330px-Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg/440px-Assiniboine_Park_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Assiniboine Park Pavilion</figcaption></figure> Festivals take place throughout the province, with the largest centred in Winnipeg. The <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Folk_Festival" title="Winnipeg Folk Festival">Winnipeg Folk Festival</a> has an annual attendance of over 70,000.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Festival_du_Voyageur" title="Festival du Voyageur">Festival du Voyageur</a> is an annual ten-day event held in Winnipeg's French Quarter, and is Western Canada's largest winter festival.<a href="#cite_note-food-156">[153]</a> It celebrates Canada's fur-trading past and French-Canadian heritage and culture. <a href="/wiki/Folklorama" title="Folklorama">Folklorama</a>, a multicultural festival run by the Folk Arts Council, receives around 400,000 pavilion visits each year, of which about thirty percent are from non-Winnipeg residents.<a href="#cite_note-food-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Fringe_Theatre_Festival" title="Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival">Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/Fringe_theatre" title="Fringe theatre">alternative theatre festival</a>, the second-largest festival of its kind in North America (after the <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_International_Fringe_Festival" title="Edmonton International Fringe Festival">Edmonton International Fringe Festival</a>).<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Manitoban museums document different aspects of the province's heritage. The <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Museum" title="Manitoba Museum">Manitoba Museum</a> is the largest museum in Manitoba and focuses on Manitoban history from prehistory to the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> The full-size replica of the Nonsuch is the museum's showcase piece.<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Children%27s_Museum" title="Manitoba Children's Museum">Manitoba Children's Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Forks,_Winnipeg" title="The Forks, Winnipeg">The Forks</a> presents exhibits for children.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> There are two museums dedicated to the native flora and fauna of Manitoba: the <a href="/wiki/Living_Prairie_Museum" title="Living Prairie Museum">Living Prairie Museum</a>, a tall grass prairie preserve featuring 160 species of grasses and wildflowers, and <a href="/wiki/FortWhyte_Alive" title="FortWhyte Alive">FortWhyte Alive</a>, a park encompassing prairie, lake, forest and wetland habitats, home to a large herd of <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Fossil_Discovery_Centre" title="Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre">Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre</a> houses the largest collection of marine reptile <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> Other museums feature the history of <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada_Aviation_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Canada Aviation Museum">aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Museum_of_Manitoba" title="Marine Museum of Manitoba">marine transport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Railway_Museum" title="Winnipeg Railway Museum">railways</a> in the area. The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights" title="Canadian Museum for Human Rights">Canadian Museum for Human Rights</a> is the first Canadian <a href="/wiki/National_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National museum">national museum</a> outside of the <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">National Capital Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Winnipeg" title="Media in Winnipeg">Media in Winnipeg</a></div> Winnipeg has two daily newspapers: the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press" title="Winnipeg Free Press">Winnipeg Free Press</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> with the highest circulation numbers in Manitoba, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Sun" title="Winnipeg Sun">Winnipeg Sun</a>, a smaller <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a>-style paper. There are several ethnic weekly newspapers,<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> including the weekly French-language <a href="/wiki/La_Libert%C3%A9_(Canada)" title="La Liberté (Canada)">La Liberté</a>, and regional and national magazines based in the city. Brandon has two newspapers: the daily <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandon Sun">Brandon Sun</a> and the weekly <a href="/wiki/Wheat_City_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat City Journal">Wheat City Journal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-brandon-media-166">[163]</a> Many small towns have local newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> There are five English-language television stations and one French-language station based in Winnipeg. The <a href="/wiki/Global_Television_Network" title="Global Television Network">Global Television Network</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Canwest" title="Canwest">Canwest</a>) is headquartered in the city.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> Winnipeg is home to twenty-one AM and FM radio stations, two of which are French-language stations.<a href="#cite_note-ftg-169">[166]</a> Brandon's five local radio stations are provided by <a href="/wiki/Astral_Media" title="Astral Media">Astral Media</a> and Westman Communications Group.<a href="#cite_note-ftg-169">[166]</a> In addition to the Brandon and Winnipeg stations, radio service is provided in rural areas and smaller towns by <a href="/wiki/Golden_West_Broadcasting" title="Golden West Broadcasting">Golden West Broadcasting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corus_Entertainment" title="Corus Entertainment">Corus Entertainment</a>, and local broadcasters. <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a> broadcasts local and national programming throughout the province.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Communications" title="Native Communications">Native Communications</a> is devoted to indigenous programming and broadcasts to many of the isolated native communities as well as to larger cities.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg/220px-Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg/220px-Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg/330px-Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg/440px-Winnipeg_Jets_first_home_victory_celebration.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a> celebrate their first regulation win in Winnipeg at the MTS Centre on 17 October 2011</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> Manitoba has six professional sports teams: the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Sea_Bears" title="Winnipeg Sea Bears">Winnipeg Sea Bears</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Elite_Basketball_League" title="Canadian Elite Basketball League">Canadian Elite Basketball League</a>) the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers" title="Winnipeg Blue Bombers">Winnipeg Blue Bombers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Moose" title="Manitoba Moose">Manitoba Moose</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Goldeyes" title="Winnipeg Goldeyes">Winnipeg Goldeyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Independent_Professional_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association of Independent Professional Baseball">American Association</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Valour_FC" title="Valour FC">Valour FC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Premier_League" title="Canadian Premier League">Canadian Premier League</a>). The province was previously home to another team called the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets_(1972%E2%80%931996)" title="Winnipeg Jets (1972–1996)">Winnipeg Jets</a>, which played in the <a href="/wiki/World_Hockey_Association" title="World Hockey Association">World Hockey Association</a> and National Hockey League from 1972 until 1996, when financial troubles prompted a sale and move of the team to Arizona, where they became the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Coyotes">Phoenix Coyotes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> A second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets returned after <a href="/wiki/True_North_Sports_%26_Entertainment" title="True North Sports & Entertainment">True North Sports & Entertainment</a> bought the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Thrashers" title="Atlanta Thrashers">Atlanta Thrashers</a> and moved the team to Winnipeg in time for the 2011 hockey season.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> Manitoba has one <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">major junior-level</a> ice hockey team, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Wheat_Kings" title="Brandon Wheat Kings">Brandon Wheat Kings</a>, and one junior football team, the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Rifles" title="Winnipeg Rifles">Winnipeg Rifles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Junior_Football_League" title="Canadian Junior Football League">Canadian Junior Football League</a>. It is also home to two teams in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Women%27s_Canadian_Football_League" title="Western Women's Canadian Football League">Western Women's Canadian Football League</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Fearless" title="Manitoba Fearless">Manitoba Fearless</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Wolfpack" title="Winnipeg Wolfpack">Winnipeg Wolfpack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Herd" title="Manitoba Herd">Manitoba Herd</a>, meanwhile, compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_Ringette_League" title="National Ringette League">National Ringette League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> The province is represented in university athletics by the university of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Bisons" title="Manitoba Bisons">Manitoba Bisons</a>, the university of <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Wesmen" title="Winnipeg Wesmen">Winnipeg Wesmen</a>, and the Brandon University <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Bobcats" title="Brandon Bobcats">Bobcats</a>. All three teams compete in the <a href="/wiki/Canada_West_Universities_Athletic_Association" title="Canada West Universities Athletic Association">Canada West Universities Athletic Association</a>, a regional division of <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a> is an important winter sport in the province with Manitoba producing more <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons_Brier#Top_3_finishes_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Hortons Brier">men's national champions</a> than any other province, while additionally in the <a href="/wiki/Scotties_Tournament_of_Hearts#Top_3_finishes_table" title="Scotties Tournament of Hearts">top 3 women's national champions</a>, as well as multiple world champions in the sport. The province also hosts the world's largest curling tournament in the <a href="/wiki/MCA_Bonspiel" title="MCA Bonspiel">MCA Bonspiel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Although not as prominent as ice hockey and curling, <a href="/wiki/Long_track_speed_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Long track speed skating">long track speed skating</a> also features as a notable and top winter sport in Manitoba. The province has produced some of the world's best female speed skaters including <a href="/wiki/Susan_Auch" title="Susan Auch">Susan Auch</a> and the country's top <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> medal earners <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Klassen" title="Cindy Klassen">Cindy Klassen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clara_Hughes" title="Clara Hughes">Clara Hughes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="25" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Manitoba" title="Outline of Manitoba">Outline of Manitoba</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d2\/En-ca-Manitoba.ogg\/En-ca-Manitoba.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-ca-Manitoba.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/En-ca-Manitoba.ogg/En-ca-Manitoba.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-ca-Manitoba.ogg" title="File:En-ca-Manitoba.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MAN-ih-TOH-bə</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-speaker-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-speaker_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-speaker_81-1">b</a> Speakers of Plautdietsch were counted under German speakers prior to 2021 census </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Includes Cree-Montagnais languages not otherwise specified </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=GBGYI">"Manitoba"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base" title="GeoBase (geospatial data)">Geographical Names Data Base</a>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Manitoba&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DGBGYI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManitoba" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021census_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation web csvan"> Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Manitoba&DGUIDlist=2021A000246&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Manitoba</a> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210045722/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Manitoba&DGUIDlist=2021A000246&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">archived</a> 10 February 2022; Retrieved February 9, 2022].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite 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University of Toronto Press; 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9225-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9225-0">978-0-8020-9225-0</a>. p. 22.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan"> Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-402-x/2010000/chap/geo/tbl/tbl07-eng.htm">Land and freshwater area, by province and territory</a> [Retrieved 25 August 2023].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan"> <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">Population estimates, quarterly</a>; September 27, 2023 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010937/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">archived</a> September 28, 2023].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan"> University of Ottawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=english_french_legal">The legal context of Canada's official languages</a> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010214715/https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=english_french_legal">archived</a> 10 October 2017; Retrieved 7 March 2019].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP2011-7"><a href="#cite_ref-GDP2011_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan"> Statistics Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ15-eng.htm">Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory (2015)</a>; 9 November 2016 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919211233/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ15-eng.htm">archived</a> 19 September 2012].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation book csvan">Sapp, Rick. 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Collective Memory and Personal Identity in the Prairie town of Manawaka. In: Reingard M. Nischik. The Canadian Short Story: Interpretations. Camden House; 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-127-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-127-0">978-1-57113-127-0</a>. p. 219.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation book csvan">Werlock, Abby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carolshieldsssic00werl/page/69">Carol Shields's the Stone Diaries</a>. Continuum; 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5249-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5249-8">978-0-8264-5249-8</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carolshieldsssic00werl/page/69">69</a>.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan"> Bank of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/canadian-journey/gabrielle-roy-canadian-author-of-the-quotation-on-the-back-of-the-new-20-note/">Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author of the quotation on the back of the new $20 note</a> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025084642/http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/canadian-journey/gabrielle-roy-canadian-author-of-the-quotation-on-the-back-of-the-new-20-note/">archived</a> 25 October 2012; Retrieved 2 April 2012].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan"> American Studies Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asjournal.org/63-2017/plain-people-plains-people-mennonite-literature-canadian-prairies/">From Plain People to Plains People: Mennonite Literature from the Canadian Prairies</a> [Retrieved February 19, 2020].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan">Boyd, Colin; Grandy, Karen; Skelly, Julia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sandra-birdsell">Sandra Birdsell</a>; 4 December 2018 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427011621/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sandra-birdsell">archived</a> 27 April 2021].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation news csvan"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/folk-fest-hit-record-attendance-512769812.html">Folk Fest hit record attendance</a>. 16 July 2019 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008044858/https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/folk-fest-hit-record-attendance-512769812.html">archived</a> 8 October 2020].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-food-156">^ <a href="#cite_ref-food_156-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-food_156-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation book csvan">Selwood, John. 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Canadian Journal of Communication. 2005;30(1):29–30. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22230%2Fcjc.2005v30n1a1480">10.22230/cjc.2005v30n1a1480</a>.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation news csvan">Helyar, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB830488243239275000?mod=googlewsj">Latest Example of an NHL Trend Is the Flight of the Winnipeg Jets</a>. The Wall Street Journal. 26 April 1996 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010214721/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB830488243239275000?mod=googlewsj">archived</a> 10 October 2017].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation news csvan">Traikos, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.nationalpost.com/2011/06/24/its-official-the-winnipeg-jets-are-back/">It's official: the Winnipeg Jets are back</a>. National Post. 24 June 2011 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715040234/http://sports.nationalpost.com/2011/06/24/its-official-the-winnipeg-jets-are-back/">archived</a> 15 July 2012].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation news csvan">Lunney, Doug. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winnipegsun.com/2012/03/26/women-eager-to-tackle-new-football-challenge">Women eager to tackle new football challenge</a>. Winnipeg Sun. 26 March 2012.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation news csvan">Rasche, Teagan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-ca/sports/golf/we-want-to-grow-the-sport-manitoba-herd-ringette-team-host-top-talent/ar-AA18xwg4">'We want to grow the sport': Manitoba Herd ringette team host top talent</a>. Global News. 12 March 2023.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation web csvan"> Canada West Universities Athletic Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadawest.org/sports/2010/8/9/About-CW.aspx?">About Canada West</a>; 2006 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425232906/http://www.canadawest.org/sports/2010/8/9/About-CW.aspx">archived</a> 25 April 2011; Retrieved 11 April 2011].</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation news csvan"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/Worlds-biggest-bonspiel-open-to-women-curlers-in-2014-172702291.html">World's biggest bonspiel open to women curlers in 2014</a>. 10 April 2012 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121214102745/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/Worlds-biggest-bonspiel-open-to-women-curlers-in-2014-172702291.html">archived</a> 14 December 2012]. <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press" title="Winnipeg Free Press">Winnipeg Free Press</a>.</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation news csvan"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/11/22/canada-greatest-athletes_n_2175537.html#slide=more240920">Canadian Athletes: The Greatest Athletes Canada Has Ever Produced</a>. 22 November 2012 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216061835/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/11/22/canada-greatest-athletes_n_2175537.html#slide=more240920">archived</a> 16 February 2013]. <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post Canada">Huffington Post Canada</a>.</cite> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation book csvan">Donnelly, MS. The Government of Manitoba. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>; 1963.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation book csvan">Hanlon, Christine; Edie, Barbara; Pendgracs, Doreen. Manitoba Book of Everything. MacIntyre Purcell Publishing Inc.; 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9784784-5-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9784784-5-2">978-0-9784784-5-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation book csvan">Whitcomb, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofma0000whit">A Short History of Manitoba</a>. Canada's Wings; 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920002-15-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920002-15-5">978-0-920002-15-5</a>.</cite></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Manitoba&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> Manitoba at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" 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edited on 20 February 2025, at 15:27 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%92%E1%89%B6%E1%89%A3" title="ማኒቶባ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማኒቶባ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مانيتوبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانيتوبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܡܐܢܝܛܘܒܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܐܢܝܛܘܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="मानिटोबा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मानिटोबा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="منیتوبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منیتوبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="ম্যানিটোবা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যানিটোবা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манітоба – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манітоба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манітоба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манітоба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitobaa" title="Manitobaa – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Manitobaa" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba_provints" title="Manitoba provints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Manitoba provints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Μανιτόμπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μανιτόμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitobo" title="Manitobo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manitobo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="منیتوبا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منیتوبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba-s%C3%A9n" title="Manitoba-sén – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Manitoba-sén" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EB%8B%88%ED%86%A0%EB%B0%94%EC%A3%BC" title="매니토바주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매니토바주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Մանիտոբա (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանիտոբա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="मैनिटोबा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैनिटोबा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%C3%A6" title="Манитобæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Манитобæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="מניטובה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מניטובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მანიტობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანიტობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitova" title="Manitova – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Manitova" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC" title="മനിറ്റോബ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മനിറ്റോബ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="मॅनिटोबा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅनिटोबा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მანიტობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მანიტობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مانيتوبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مانيتوبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مانیتوبا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مانیتوبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မနီတိုးဗားပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မနီတိုးဗားပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E5%B7%9E" title="マニトバ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニトバ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manit%C3%B2ba" title="Manitòba – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manitòba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba_(Kanada)" title="Manitoba (Kanada) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Manitoba (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਾਨੀਟੋਬਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਨੀਟੋਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مینی ٹوبا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مینی ٹوبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manit%C3%B2ba" title="Manitòba – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Manitòba" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba_pruwinsya" title="Manitoba pruwinsya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Manitoba pruwinsya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F,_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මැනිටෝබා, කැනඩාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැනිටෝබා, කැනඩාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="منيٽوبا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="منيٽوبا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مانیتۆبا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مانیتۆبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="மனிட்டோபா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனிட்டோபா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манитоба – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Манитоба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐแมนิโทบา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐแมนิโทบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Манітоба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манітоба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مانیٹوبا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مانیٹوبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba_%C3%96lkisi" title="Manitoba Ölkisi – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Manitoba Ölkisi" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E5%B7%B4%E7%9C%81" title="緬尼托巴省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="緬尼托巴省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E5%B7%B4%E7%9C%81" title="马尼托巴省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马尼托巴省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90" title="מאניטאבא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאניטאבא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%90%90%E5%B7%B4" title="緬尼吐巴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="緬尼吐巴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E5%B7%B4%E7%9C%81" title="曼尼托巴省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="曼尼托巴省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Manitoba" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" 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