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class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Йăла-йĕркесем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Йăла-йĕркесем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Йăла-йĕркесем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Йăла-йĕркесем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Истори" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Истори"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Истори</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Истори-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Истори айри пая Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Истори-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Кельт/нимĕç_çăвисем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кельт/нимĕç_çăвисем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Кельт/нимĕç çăвисем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кельт/нимĕç_çăвисем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Икĕпатри_çăвасем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Икĕпатри_çăвасем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Икĕпатри çăвасем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Икĕпатри_çăвасем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Рим_империнчи_çăвасем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рим_империнчи_çăвасем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Рим империнчи çăвасем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рим_империнчи_çăвасем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Христиансен_çăвисем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Христиансен_çăвисем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Христиансен çăвисем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Христиансен_çăвисем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Раççейри_çăвасем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Раççейри_çăвасем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Раççейри çăвасем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Раççейри_çăвасем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Европăри_çăвасем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Европăри_çăвасем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Европăри çăвасем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Европăри_çăвасем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Минерализацилени" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Минерализацилени"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Минерализацилени</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Минерализацилени-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çав._пекех" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çав._пекех"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Çав. пекех</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çав._пекех-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асăрхавсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асăрхавсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Асăрхавсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асăрхавсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Çăва</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 112 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begraafplaas" title="Begraafplaas — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Begraafplaas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedhof" title="Friedhof — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Friedhof" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosal" title="Fosal — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fosal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="مقبرة — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقبرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC_%DC%A9%DC%92%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܒܝܬ ܩܒܘܪܐ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܝܬ ܩܒܘܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مقبره — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مقبره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementeriu" title="Cementeriu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cementeriu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaya_ima%C3%B1a_uyu" title="Amaya imaña uyu — аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Amaya imaña uyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99biristanl%C4%B1q" title="Qəbiristanlıq — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəbiristanlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap%C4%81" title="Kapā — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kapā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sementeryo" title="Sementeryo — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sementeryo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Могілкі — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Могілкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Могілкі — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Могілкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Гробище — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гробище" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কবরস্থান — бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কবরস্থান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bered" title="Bered — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bered" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groblje" title="Groblje — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Groblje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementiri" title="Cementiri — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cementiri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Кешнаш — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кешнаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sementeryo" title="Sementeryo — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sementeryo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گۆڕستان — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆڕستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%99bitov" title="Hřbitov — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hřbitov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynwent" title="Mynwent — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mynwent" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravplads" title="Gravplads — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gravplads" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedhof" title="Friedhof — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Friedhof" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjarchob" title="Kjarchob — нижнелужицкий" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kjarchob" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="нижнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Νεκροταφείο — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεκροταφείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cemetery" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombejo" title="Tombejo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tombejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementerio" title="Cementerio — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cementerio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmistu" title="Kalmistu — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kalmistu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilerri" title="Hilerri — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hilerri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گورستان — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گورستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hautausmaa" title="Hautausmaa — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hautausmaa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimeti%C3%A8re" title="Cimetière — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cimetière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reilig" title="Reilig — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Reilig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladh_(creideamh)" title="Cladh (creideamh) — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cladh (creideamh)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemiterio" title="Cemiterio — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cemiterio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aamaka" title="Aamaka — Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Aamaka" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C6%99abarta" title="Maƙabarta — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Maƙabarta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="בית קברות — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית קברות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="क़ब्रिस्तान — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क़ब्रिस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groblje" title="Groblje — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Groblje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simity%C3%A8" title="Simityè — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Simityè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temet%C5%91" title="Temető — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Temető" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_(%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84)" title="Գերեզմանոց (տարածք) — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերեզմանոց (տարածք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemeterio" title="Cemeterio — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cemeterio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempat_pemakaman" title="Tempat pemakaman — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tempat pemakaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafreitur" title="Grafreitur — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grafreitur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimitero" title="Cimitero — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cimitero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%93%E5%9C%B0" title="墓地 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="墓地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuburan" title="Kuburan — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kuburan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="სასაფლაო — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სასაფლაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Зират — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зират" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%98%EC%A7%80" title="묘지 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="묘지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%8F%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ملگُزار — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ملگُزار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goristan" title="Goristan — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Goristan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Көрүстөн — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көрүстөн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepulcretum" title="Sepulcretum — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sepulcretum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betahayim" title="Betahayim — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Betahayim" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kierfecht" title="Kierfecht — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kierfecht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtina" title="Curtina — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Curtina" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapin%C4%97s" title="Kapinės — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kapinės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaps%C4%93ta" title="Kapsēta — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kapsēta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Калмоланга — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Калмоланга" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B1%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Шӱгарла — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шӱгарла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гробишта — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гробишта" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="സെമിത്തേരി — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെമിത്തേരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ангилал:Оршуулгын газар — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ангилал:Оршуулгын газар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Шӹгерлӓ — горномарийский" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шӹгерлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="горномарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkuburan" title="Perkuburan — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perkuburan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သင်္ချိုင်း — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သင်္ချိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begreefplak" title="Begreefplak — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Begreefplak" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begraafplaats" title="Begraafplaats — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Begraafplaats" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravlund" title="Gravlund — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gravlund" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravlund" title="Gravlund — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gravlund" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimetyire" title="Chimetyire — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chimetyire" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement%C3%A8ri" title="Cementèri — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cementèri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmentarz" title="Cmentarz — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cmentarz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قبرستان — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قبرستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="هدیره — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هدیره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemit%C3%A9rio" title="Cemitério — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cemitério" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayamarka" title="Ayamarka — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ayamarka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santeri" title="Santeri — романшский" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Santeri" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романшский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimitir" title="Cimitir — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cimitir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimitiru" title="Chimitiru — арумынский" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Chimitiru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Кладбище — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кладбище" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Теметов — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Теметов" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campusantu" title="Campusantu — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Campusantu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قبرستان — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قبرستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groblje" title="Groblje — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Groblje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cemetery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cintor%C3%ADn" title="Cintorín — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cintorín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokopali%C5%A1%C4%8De" title="Pokopališče — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pokopališče" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Гробље — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гробље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begravningsplats" title="Begravningsplats — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Begravningsplats" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyntorz" title="Smyntorz — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Smyntorz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="இடுகாடு — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடுகாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гӯристон — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гӯристон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sementeryo" title="Sementeryo — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sementeryo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezarl%C4%B1k" title="Mezarlık — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mezarlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Зират — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зират" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Кладовище — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кладовище" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قبرستان — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قبرستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabriston" title="Qabriston — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qabriston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%C4%A9a_trang" title="Nghĩa trang — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghĩa trang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aite" title="Aite — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Aite" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sementeryo" title="Sementeryo — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sementeryo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%9F%E5%9C%BA" title="坟场 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="坟场" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="צווינטער — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צווינטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%B3%E5%A0%B4" title="墳場 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="墳場" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%B3%E5%A0%B4" title="墳場 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="墳場" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39614#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" rel="discussion" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ятарлӑ страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&oldid=804371" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&id=804371&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C3%2587%25C4%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25C3%2587%25C4%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Graveyard" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39614" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><div style="padding-left:1em; padding-bottom:.5em; margin-top:-.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; font-style:italic; border-bottom:1px #AAA solid;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/20px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/40px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> Ку терминăн урăх пĕлтерĕшсем пур, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Масар">Масар</a> пăхăр.</div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink">Ыйтнине кунта куçарса яраççĕ «<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81&redirect=no">Некрополис</a></span>». Çак темăпа <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81?action=edit">уйрăм статья кирлĕ</a></span>.</div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:W.Myzur1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/W.Myzur1.JPG/240px-W.Myzur1.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/W.Myzur1.JPG/360px-W.Myzur1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/W.Myzur1.JPG/480px-W.Myzur1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Тури Мизур салан чиркĕвĕ çумĕнчи çăва, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Çурçĕр Осети">Çурçĕр Осети</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Friedhof-Aleppo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Friedhof-Aleppo.jpg/240px-Friedhof-Aleppo.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Friedhof-Aleppo.jpg/360px-Friedhof-Aleppo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Friedhof-Aleppo.jpg/480px-Friedhof-Aleppo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1523" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Алеппо">Алеппăри</a> мăсăльмансен çăви (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сири">Сири</a>)</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_h%C5%99bitov_v_Nov%C3%A9m_Byd%C5%BEov%C4%9B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_h%C5%99bitov_v_Nov%C3%A9m_Byd%C5%BEov%C4%9B.jpg/240px-%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_h%C5%99bitov_v_Nov%C3%A9m_Byd%C5%BEov%C4%9B.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_h%C5%99bitov_v_Nov%C3%A9m_Byd%C5%BEov%C4%9B.jpg/360px-%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_h%C5%99bitov_v_Nov%C3%A9m_Byd%C5%BEov%C4%9B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_h%C5%99bitov_v_Nov%C3%A9m_Byd%C5%BEov%C4%9B.jpg/480px-%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_h%C5%99bitov_v_Nov%C3%A9m_Byd%C5%BEov%C4%9B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Чехи. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B-%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Новы-Быджов (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Новы-Быджоври</a> еврейсен çăви.</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_48.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_48.jpg/240px-%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_48.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_48.jpg/360px-%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_48.jpg/480px-%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81_48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Вăтам ĕмĕрсенчи эрменсен <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81_(%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Норатус (çăва) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Норатусри</a> çăви</div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:SovietGravesSaaremaa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/SovietGravesSaaremaa.JPG/240px-SovietGravesSaaremaa.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/SovietGravesSaaremaa.JPG/360px-SovietGravesSaaremaa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/SovietGravesSaaremaa.JPG/480px-SovietGravesSaaremaa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%85%D3%B3%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%95_(%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сааремаа утравне хӳтĕлекен тата хăтаракан совет салтакĕсен мемориалĕ (Эстони) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сааремаа утравне хӳтĕлекен тата хăтаракан совет салтакĕсен мемориалĕ (Эстони)</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Rumunia,_Sapanta,_Weso%C5%82y_Cmentarz_-Aw58-_28_kwietnia_2012_r.SDC12102.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rumunia%2C_Sapanta%2C_Weso%C5%82y_Cmentarz_-Aw58-_28_kwietnia_2012_r.SDC12102.JPG/240px-Rumunia%2C_Sapanta%2C_Weso%C5%82y_Cmentarz_-Aw58-_28_kwietnia_2012_r.SDC12102.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rumunia%2C_Sapanta%2C_Weso%C5%82y_Cmentarz_-Aw58-_28_kwietnia_2012_r.SDC12102.JPG/360px-Rumunia%2C_Sapanta%2C_Weso%C5%82y_Cmentarz_-Aw58-_28_kwietnia_2012_r.SDC12102.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rumunia%2C_Sapanta%2C_Weso%C5%82y_Cmentarz_-Aw58-_28_kwietnia_2012_r.SDC12102.JPG/480px-Rumunia%2C_Sapanta%2C_Weso%C5%82y_Cmentarz_-Aw58-_28_kwietnia_2012_r.SDC12102.JPG 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Румыни, Сэпынца, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хаваслă çăва (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">«Хаваслă çăва»</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._The_Finnish_cemetery_in_Sortavala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._The_Finnish_cemetery_in_Sortavala.jpg/220px-%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._The_Finnish_cemetery_in_Sortavala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._The_Finnish_cemetery_in_Sortavala.jpg/330px-%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._The_Finnish_cemetery_in_Sortavala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._The_Finnish_cemetery_in_Sortavala.jpg/440px-%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0._The_Finnish_cemetery_in_Sortavala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Финнсен <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сортавала (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сортавала</a> хулари çăва, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Карели">Карели</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Macau_Muslim_Cemetery.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Macau_Muslim_Cemetery.JPG/220px-Macau_Muslim_Cemetery.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Macau_Muslim_Cemetery.JPG/330px-Macau_Muslim_Cemetery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Macau_Muslim_Cemetery.JPG/440px-Macau_Muslim_Cemetery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Çăва</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Çăва</b> е <b>масар</b> — вилнĕ çынсене пытармалли ятарлă вырăн. Анатри <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Чăвашсем">чăвашсем</a> вăл вырăна <b>масар</b> теççĕ<sup><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ыйтусем">[<i>çăлкуçра çук</i>]</a></sup>. </p><p>Масар, çăва <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BB" title="Ял">ялăн</a> çурçĕр е çурçĕр-хĕвел анăç енче ял çырмин, ялти çулăн тепĕр енче ларать. Масар, çăва леш тĕнче шутĕнче, çавăнпа масара çĕр карти чавса ытти лаптăкран уйăраççĕ. </p><p>Масар сăмах <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чăваш чĕлхи">чăваш чĕлхине</a> <a href="/wiki/X_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="X ĕмĕр">X ĕмĕр</a> тĕлĕнче кĕнĕ. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Йăла-йĕркесем"><span id=".D0.99.C4.83.D0.BB.D0.B0-.D0.B9.C4.95.D1.80.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Йăла-йĕркесем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Йăла-йĕркесем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Йăла-йĕркесем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Христиансен йӑли-йӗркине тупӑка масар ҫине вырттарса вырттармалла, вилнин пуҫӗ анӑҫалла, урисем хӗвелтухӑҫнелле выртмалла. Вилтӑпри тӗмески ҫине хӗрес вырнаҫтарса лартаҫҫӗ, вӑл вилнӗ ҫыннӑн ури ҫинче пулмалла. Католиксемпе протестантсен вилнисен пуҫӗ ҫине хӗрес хурать, вилӗмрен чӗрӗлсе тӑрсан вӑл хӗресне чуптутӑр, тет. </p><p>Православи йӑлипе, хăй çине ал хунă çын вилине масар ҫине пытарма юрамасть — ăна çăва тулашĕнче пытараҫçĕ. РФ саккунĕсемпе, санитари нормине пăхăнса тăман территоринче виле пытарма ирĕк памаççĕ]]<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Мăсăльманӑн виллине саванпа чӗркесе тупӑксӑрах пытараҫҫӗ, вилнӗ ҫыннӑн питне исламăн Меккӑри сӑваплӑ вырӑнӗн еннелле ҫавӑрмалла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Истори"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Истори</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Истори пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Истори»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Çăвасене çак тĕллевĕсене пула туса хураççĕ: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Эпидеми">Эпидеми</a>;</li> <li>хулана тата чылай халăх вырнаçнă пурăнан вырăна никĕслени;</li> <li>пытарас саккунсене хатĕрлесе кăларни.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Кельт/нимĕç_çăвисем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D1.82.2F.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.C4.95.C3.A7_.C3.A7.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Кельт/нимĕç çăвисем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Кельт/нимĕç çăвисем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Кельт/нимĕç çăвисем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Авал çăвасене сайра йĕркеленĕ. Сăмахран, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кельтсем">кельтсем</a> тата <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Германсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">германсем</a>, хăйсен виле <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кремаци (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">кĕлне</a>, пĕрлехи уйра касăлла вырнаçтарнă — çак йăла унчен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Славянсем">славянсен</a> çеç тесе йăнăш каланă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Икĕпатри_çăвасем"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BA.C4.95.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8_.C3.A7.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Икĕпатри çăвасем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Икĕпатри çăвасем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Икĕпатри çăвасем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Авалхи Икĕпат">Авалхи Икĕпатри</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%98%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мемфис (Икĕпат) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Мемфиспе</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%83_(%D0%98%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фивă (Икĕпат) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Фивă</a> таврашĕнче <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Некрополь (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">некропольсем</a> нумай çĕре йышăннă пулнă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Рим_империнчи_çăвасем"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B8.D0.BC_.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.87.D0.B8_.C3.A7.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Рим империнчи çăвасем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Рим империнчи çăвасем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Рим империнчи çăвасем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Христиансен_çăвисем"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD_.C3.A7.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Христиансен çăвисем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Христиансен çăвисем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «Христиансен çăвисем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Раççейри_çăвасем"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.C3.A7.C3.A7.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.80.D0.B8_.C3.A7.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Раççейри çăвасем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Раççейри çăвасем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Раççейри çăвасем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Европăри_çăвасем"><span id=".D0.95.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BF.C4.83.D1.80.D0.B8_.C3.A7.C4.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Европăри çăвасем</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Европăри çăвасем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="Редактировать код раздела «Европăри çăвасем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Минерализацилени"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Минерализацилени</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Минерализацилени пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="Редактировать код раздела «Минерализацилени»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Вилле уйрӑм хими элеменчӗсемпе хими ҫыхӑнӑвӗсем ҫине минерализаци — процесӗ. Классикӑллă типсене (йывӑҫ тупӑкра, тăпраллă масарта) минерализаци тапхӑрӗ, регион тӑпрапа климат тивĕçтерĕвĕсене кура, 10 ҫултан пуҫласа 30 ҫул таран. Крематорире виле ҫунтарнӑ чухне (+1100 + кремаци температури..1200 °С) минерализаци тапхӑрӗ 2 сехете яхӑн шутланать. </p><p>Минерализаци процесӗ вӗҫленнӗ хыҫҫӑн виле шӑмми-шакки ҫеҫ тӑрса юлать, вӑл уйрӑм шӑмӑсене пайланса каять, ҫапла вара ҫӗр-ҫӗр тата пин ҫул хушшинче тăпрара пурӑнма пултарать. </p><p>Масар ҫинчи (вилесене минерализациленӗ вăхăт) вилесене пытармалли масара хупнӑранпа 20 ҫултан кая мар палӑртаҫҫӗ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çав._пекех"><span id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2._.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85"></span>Çав. пекех</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Çав. пекех пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çав. пекех»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Çимĕк">Çимĕк</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Братская могила (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Братская могила</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Катафалк (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Катафалк</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Кенотаф">Кенотаф</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крипта (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Крипта</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Некрополистика (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Некрополистика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Похоронное бюро (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Похоронное бюро</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Виле пытарни (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Виле пытарни</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Скудельница (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Скудельница</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шмашана (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Шмашана</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Литература пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="Редактировать код раздела «Литература»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Эрисман Ф. Ф., Яновский А. Е. Кладбища // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Асăрхавсем"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.C4.83.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Асăрхавсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Асăрхавсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=12" title="Редактировать код раздела «Асăрхавсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102039062">О погребении и похоронном деле (статья 3)</a>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&section=13" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kele.chuvash.org/pay/547_%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%20%D0%B9%D3%97%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D3%91%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85%D3%97.html">Пытару йӗркипе сӑмахлӑхӗ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chuvash.org/content/3119-Çимĕкре%20масар%20пасар%20пек%20кĕрлемелле-и%3F.html">Çимĕкре масар пасар пек кĕрлемелле-и?</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="toccolours" style="border-width:2px 0 0 0"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="40" valign="top"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:M_Puzzle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/M_Puzzle.png/30px-M_Puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/M_Puzzle.png/45px-M_Puzzle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/M_Puzzle.png/60px-M_Puzzle.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>Ку <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Википеди:Статья хатĕрĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">вĕçлемен статья</a>. Эсир статьяна <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%99%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Википеди:Йĕркесемпе кăтартусем">тӳрлетсе тата хушса</a> проекта пулăшма пултаратăр.</i><br /><small>Çак асăрхаттарнине май пулсан тĕрĕсреххипе улăштармалла.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Çăлкуç — «<a dir="ltr" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Çăва&oldid=804371">https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Çăва&oldid=804371</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Ятарлă:Категории">Категорисем</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категори:Википеди:Статьясем вырăнне куçарса янисем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Википеди:Статьясем вырăнне куçарса янисем</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Категори:Çăвасем">Çăвасем</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категори:Масарсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Масарсем</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Категори:Виле пытарни йăласем">Виле пытарни йăласем</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ку страницăна юлашки хут 30 Юпа уйӑхӗн 2023 12:37 улӑштарнӑ.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензипе</a> сарӑлать, хӑшпӗр чухне хушма условисем пулма пултараҫҫӗ. 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