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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hindu_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindu_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hindu texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindu_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhist_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhist_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Buddhist texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhist_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikh_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikh_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sikh texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikh_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Predictions_about_birth_and_arrival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predictions_about_birth_and_arrival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Predictions about birth and arrival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predictions_about_birth_and_arrival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_who_claimed_to_be_Kalki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_who_claimed_to_be_Kalki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>People who claimed to be Kalki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_who_claimed_to_be_Kalki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A" title="كالكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كالكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="কল্কি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কল্কি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki_Awatara" title="Kalki Awatara – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kalki Awatara" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="কল্কি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কল্কি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Κάλκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάλκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کالکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk%C3%AE" title="Kalkî – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kalkî" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF" title="કલ્કિ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કલ્કિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%ED%82%A4" title="칼키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="कल्कि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कल्कि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಲ್ಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಲ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk%C3%AE" title="Kalkî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kalkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkis" title="Kalkis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalkis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="कल्कि – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कल्कि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="കൽക്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൽക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कल्की अवतार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कल्की अवतार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯀꯥꯜꯀꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯥꯜꯀꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Kalki (hindoeïsme) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalki (hindoeïsme)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="कल्कि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कल्कि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD_(%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E6%95%99)" title="カルキ (ヒンドゥー教) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルキ (ヒンドゥー教)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਕਾਲਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਲਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کلکی اوتار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلکی اوتار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="កល្ហិន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កល្ហិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkin" title="Kalkin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalkin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калки – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калки" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalki" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="கல்கி (அவதாரம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்கி (அவதாரம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tenth and final avatar of Hindu deity Vishnu</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kalki_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kalki (disambiguation)">Kalki (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #FFC569;">Kalki</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Member of <a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalki_Avatar_by_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kalki_Avatar_by_Ravi_Varma.jpg/220px-Kalki_Avatar_by_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kalki_Avatar_by_Ravi_Varma.jpg/330px-Kalki_Avatar_by_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kalki_Avatar_by_Ravi_Varma.jpg/440px-Kalki_Avatar_by_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="4057" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma">Raja Ravi Varma</a>'s portrayal of Kalki</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapon</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nandaka" title="Nandaka">Nandaka</a> or Ratnamaru (Sword)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Mount</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Devadatta, either a manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a> or divine horses<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington1998p287-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Festivals</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Jayanti" title="Kalki Jayanti">Kalki Jayanti</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data">Vishnuyashas (father),<sup id="cite_ref-wisdomlib.org_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisdomlib.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sumati (mother)<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Padmavati<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ramā<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Jaya and Vijaya (From Padmavati) (Upapuranas)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meghamala and Balahaka (From Rama) (Kalki Purana)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%"><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a> Sequence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kalki</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">कल्कि</span>), also called <b>Kalkin</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington1998p287-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the prophesied tenth and final <a href="/wiki/Incarnation" title="Incarnation">incarnation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> god <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnava</a> cosmology, Kalki is destined to appear at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a>, the last of the four ages in the cycle of existence (<i>Krita</i>). His arrival will mark the end of the Kali Yuga and herald the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya Yuga</a>, the most virtuous age, before the ultimate dissolution of the universe (<a href="/wiki/Pralaya" title="Pralaya">Mahapralaya</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington1998p287-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>, Kalki is depicted as the <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a> who will rejuvenate existence by ending the darkest period of <a href="/wiki/Adharma" title="Adharma">adharma</a> (unrighteousness) and restoring <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a> (righteousness). He is described as riding a white horse named Devadatta and wielding a fiery sword.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The portrayal of Kalki varies across different Puranas, and his narrative is also found in other traditions, including the <a href="/wiki/Kalachakra" title="Kalachakra">Kalachakra</a>-Tantra of Tibetan Buddhism<sup id="cite_ref-Lopez2015p202_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez2015p202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry2017p220-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dahla2006p90_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahla2006p90-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh texts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rinehart2011p29_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rinehart2011p29-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div><p> The name Kalki is derived from <i>Kal</i>, which means "time" (<a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Klostermaier2006p75_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klostermaier2006p75-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original term may have been Karki (<i>white</i>, from the horse) which morphed into Kalki. 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/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /></p><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #c9d5f2; border-color: #001A57"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Vaishnavism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Git_govind_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet."><img alt="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/220px-Git_govind_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/330px-Git_govind_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/440px-Git_govind_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Supreme deity</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Important deities</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalki</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other forms</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayurappan" title="Guruvayurappan">Guruvayurappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Consorts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Alamelu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scriptures"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Holy scriptures</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasa" title="Vaikhanasa">Vaikhanasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Sampradayas</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81ra_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumāra Sampradaya">Kumara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dvaitadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitadvaita">Dvaitadvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tattvavada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattvavada">Tattvavada</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Acintyabhedabheda</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranami_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranami Sampraday">Pranami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vallabh_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Vallabh Sampradaya">Radha Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsnehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsnehi">Ramsnehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Teachers—acharyas</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Jñāneśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanabha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Tirtha" title="Raghavendra Tirtha">Raghavendra Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhinava_Tirtha" title="Satyabhinava Tirtha">Satyabhinava Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabodha_Tirtha" title="Satyabodha Tirtha">Satyabodha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadharma_Tirtha" title="Satyadharma Tirtha">Satyadharma Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kantha_Krishnamacharyulu" title="Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu">Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamacharya" title="Annamacharya">Annamacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrachala_Ramadasu" title="Bhadrachala Ramadasu">Bhadrachala Ramadasu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Related traditions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatism">Bhagavatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikhanasas">Vaikhanasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Tenkalai_("southern")_-_Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Tenkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Vadakalai_("northern")_-_Vedanta_Desika" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Vadakalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitraya_Sampradayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitraya Sampradayam">Munitraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Sahajiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapadi" title="Kapadi">Kapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_panth" title="Kabir panth">Kabir panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnavism" title="Template talk:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindu_texts">Hindu texts</h3></div> <p>Kalki is an <i>avatara</i> of Vishnu. <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a> means "descent", and refers to a descent of the divine into the material realm of human existence. Kalki appears for the first time in the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p104-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a> lists <a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">ten incarnations</a>, with Kalki being the final one.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is described as the incarnation who appears at the end of the Kali Yuga. He ends the darkest, degenerating, and chaotic stage of the Kali Yuga to remove <i><a href="/wiki/Adharma" title="Adharma">adharma</a></i> and ushers in the <a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya Yuga</a>, while riding a white horse with a fiery sword.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doniger1999p629_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doniger1999p629-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He restarts a new cycle of time.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is described as a Brahmin warrior in the Puranas.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doniger1999p629_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doniger1999p629-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mentioned in the Puranas that the immortal <a href="/wiki/Chiranjivi" title="Chiranjivi">Chiranjivis</a> will assist him in various stages of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalki_avatar_idol_in_rani_ki_vav_patan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kalki_avatar_idol_in_rani_ki_vav_patan.jpg/220px-Kalki_avatar_idol_in_rani_ki_vav_patan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kalki_avatar_idol_in_rani_ki_vav_patan.jpg/330px-Kalki_avatar_idol_in_rani_ki_vav_patan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kalki_avatar_idol_in_rani_ki_vav_patan.jpg/440px-Kalki_avatar_idol_in_rani_ki_vav_patan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Kalki's incarnation on a wall of <a href="/wiki/Rani_ki_vav" class="mw-redirect" title="Rani ki vav">Rani Ki Vav</a> (The Queen's Stepwell) at <a href="/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat" title="Patan, Gujarat">Patan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A minor text named <a href="/wiki/Kalki_Purana" title="Kalki Purana">Kalki Purana</a> is a relatively recent text, likely composed in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. Its dating <a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">floruit</a> is the 18th-century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_with_footnotes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_with_footnotes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wendy Doniger dates the Kalki Mythology containing <i>Kalki Purana</i> to between 1500 and 1700 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Purana" title="Kalki Purana">Kalki Purana</a></i>, Kalki is born into the family of Vishnuyashas and Sumati, in a village called <a href="/wiki/Shambala" class="mw-redirect" title="Shambala">Shambala</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the thirteenth day during the fortnight of the waxing moon. At a young age, he is taught the holy scriptures on topics such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">artha</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81na" title="Jñāna">jñāna</a>,</i> and undertakes military training under the care of the <a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parashurama</a> (the sixth incarnation of Vishnu).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon, Kalki worships <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, who gets pleased by the devotion and provides him in return a divine white horse named Devadatta (a manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a>), a powerful sword, whereby its handle is bedecked with jewels, and a parrot named Shuka, who is an all-knower; the past, the present and the future.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other accessories are also given by other <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">devas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">devis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu saints">saints</a>, and righteous kings. He fights an evil army and in many wars, ending evil, but does not end existence. Kalki returns to Shambala, inaugurates a new <i><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yuga</a></i> for the good, and then goes to <a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha" title="Vaikuntha">Vaikuntha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_with_footnotes_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_with_footnotes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Kalki Purana</i>, there is a mention of a <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> city whose residents don't adhere to <i>dharma</i> (not worshipping the <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">devas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitrs">ancestors</a>, and not upholding the varna system), which Kalki fights and conquers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i> describes Kalki's role:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Kalki, as the son of Viṣṇuyaśas, (and having) Yājñavalkya as the priest would destroy the non-Aryans, holding the astra and having a weapon. He would establish moral law in four-fold varṇas in the suitable manner. The people (would be) in the path of righteousness in all the stages of life.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i>, Chapter 16, Verses 8 - 9</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i> features the <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">devas</a> hailing Vishnu, invoking his Kalki avatara:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When almost all the persons in this world will turn out in future as Mleccas and when the wicked Kings will oppress them, right and left, Thou wilt then incarnate Thyself again as Kalki and redress all the grievances! We bow down to Thy Kalki Form! O Deva!</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i>, Chapter 5</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhist_texts">Buddhist texts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_25_kings_of_Shambhala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The 25 Kalki, who are Kings of Shambala, are surrounding a Yidam (meditation deity), located in the middle. The first top two middle rows has seated representations of Tsongkhapa, dressed in orange/yellow. This originates from the scriptures that are part of the Indo-Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhist tradition." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_25_kings_of_Shambhala.jpg/220px-The_25_kings_of_Shambhala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_25_kings_of_Shambhala.jpg/330px-The_25_kings_of_Shambhala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_25_kings_of_Shambhala.jpg/440px-The_25_kings_of_Shambhala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2198" data-file-height="3048" /></a><figcaption>The central figure is a <a href="/wiki/Yidam" title="Yidam">Yidam</a>, a meditation deity. The 25 seated figures represent the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Shambhala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Shambhala">25 Kings Of Shambhala</a>. The middle figure in the top row represents <a href="/wiki/Je_Tsongkhapa" title="Je Tsongkhapa">Tsongkhapa</a>, who is in the top two middle rows. This comes from the scriptures that is part of the <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Indo-Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana Buddhist Tradition</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Buddhist Text <i><a href="/wiki/Kalachakra" title="Kalachakra">Kalachakra Tantra</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Shambhala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Shambhala">righteous kings</a> are called Kalki (Kalkin, lit. chieftain) living in <a href="/wiki/Shambhala" title="Shambhala">Sammu</a>. There are many Kalki in this text, each fighting barbarism, persecution and chaos. The last Kalki is called "Rudra Cakrin" and is predicted to end the chaos and degeneration by assembling a large army to eradicate a barbarian army.<sup id="cite_ref-Lopez2015p202_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez2015p202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry2017p220-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A great war, which will include an army of both Hindus and Buddhists, will destroy the barbaric forces, states the text.<sup id="cite_ref-Lopez2015p202_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez2015p202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry2017p220-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dahla2006p90_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahla2006p90-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is most likely borrowed from Hinduism to Buddhism due to the arrival of Islamic kingdoms from the west to the east, mainly settled in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">West Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Donald Lopez – a <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhist Studies</a>, Kalki is predicted to start the new cycle of perfect era where "Buddhism will flourish, people will live long, happy lives and righteousness will reign supreme".<sup id="cite_ref-Lopez2015p202_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez2015p202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text is significant in establishing the chronology of the Kalki idea to be from post-7th century, probably the 9th or 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-JIN2017p49_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JIN2017p49-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lopez states that the Buddhist text likely borrowed it from Hindu vedic texts.<sup id="cite_ref-Lopez2015p202_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez2015p202-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry2017p220-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars, such as Yijiu Jin, state that the text originated in Central Asia in the 10th-century, and Tibetan literature picked up a version of it in India around 1027 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-JIN2017p49_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JIN2017p49-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikh_texts">Sikh texts</h3></div> <p>The Kalki incarnation appears in the historic <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> Texts, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a>, a text that is traditionally attributed to <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rinehart2011p29_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rinehart2011p29-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Chaubis_Avtar" title="Chaubis Avtar">Chaubis Avatar</a></i> (24 incarnations) section mentions Sage Matsyanra describing the appearance of Vishnu incarnations to fight evil, greed, violence and ignorance. It includes Kalki as the twenty-fourth incarnation to lead the war between the forces of righteousness and unrighteousness.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2></div> <p>While there is no mention of Kalki in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedic</a> literature,<sup id="cite_ref-academy81_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academy81-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the epithet "Kalmallkinam", meaning "Brilliant Remover Of Darkness", is found in the Vedic Literature for <a href="/wiki/Rudra" title="Rudra">Rudra</a> (later Shiva), has been interpreted to be "Forerunner Of Kalki".<sup id="cite_ref-academy81_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academy81-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kalki appears for the first time in the great war epic <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p104-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mention of Kalki in the <i>Mahabharata</i> occurs only once, over the verses 3.188.85–3.189.6.<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington1998p287-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kalki incarnation is found in the Maha Puranas such as <i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the details relating the Kalki mythologies are divergent between the epic and the Puranas, as well as within the Puranas.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchiner2000p68_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchiner2000p68-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p104-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i>Mahabharata</i>, according to Hiltebeitel, Kalki is an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parashurama</a> incarnation legend, where a Brahmin warrior destroys Kshatriyas who were abusing their power to spread chaos, evil, and the persecution of the powerless. The epic character of Kalki restores dharma, restores justice in the world, but does not end the cycle of existence.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p104-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p288_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p288-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kalkin section in the <i>Mahabharata</i> is present in the Markandeya section. There, states Luis Reimann, can "hardly be any doubt that the Markandeya section is a late addition to the epic. Making <a href="/wiki/Yudhishthira" title="Yudhishthira">Yudhishthira</a> ask a question about conditions at the end of Kali and the beginning of Krta — something far removed from his own situation — is merely a device for justifying the inclusion of this subject matter in the epic."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Cornelia Dimmitt, the "clear and tidy" systematization of Kalki and the remaining nine incarnations of Vishnu is not found in any of the Maha Puranas.<sup id="cite_ref-Dimmitt2012p63_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dimmitt2012p63-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coverage of Kalki in these Hindu texts is scant, in contrast to the legends of <a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, all of whom are repeatedly and extensively described. According to Dimmitt, this was likely because just like the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha in Hinduism">Vishnu Incarnation</a>, the concept of Kalki was "somewhat in flux" when the major Puranas were being compiled.<sup id="cite_ref-Dimmitt2012p63_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dimmitt2012p63-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This Kalki concept may have further developed in the Hindu texts both as a reaction to the invasions of the Indian subcontinent by various armies over the centuries from its northwest, and in reaction to the mythologies these invaders brought with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington1998p287-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doniger2004p235_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doniger2004p235-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the Buddhist Literature dated to the late 1st millennium, a future Buddha <a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a> is depicted as Kalki.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to John Mitchiner, the Kalki concept owes "in some measure" to Jewish, Christian, Zoroastrian and other concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchiner2000p75_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchiner2000p75-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitchiner states that some Puranas such as the Yuga Purana do not mention Kalki and offer a different cosmology than the other Puranas. The Yuga Purana mythologizes in greater details the post-Maurya era Indo-Greek and Saka era, while the Manvantara theme containing the Kalki idea is mythologized greater in other Puranas.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchiner2000p69_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchiner2000p69-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p104-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luis Gonzales-Reimann concurs with Mitchiner, stating that the Yuga Purana does not mention Kalki.<sup id="cite_ref-Reimann2002p95_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reimann2002p95-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other texts such as the sections 2.36 and 2.37 of the Vayu Purana, states Reimann, it is not Kalkin who ends the Kali Yuga, but a different character named Pramiti.<sup id="cite_ref-Reimann2002p112_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reimann2002p112-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most historians, states Arvind Sharma, link the development of Kalki mythology in Hinduism to the suffering caused by foreign invasions.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharma2012p244_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma2012p244-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other messianic concepts, Kalki's purpose is to destroy the invaders and heretics in order to reverse the current age <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a>, the age of evil.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predictions_about_birth_and_arrival">Predictions about birth and arrival</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalki1790s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kalki1790s.jpg/220px-Kalki1790s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kalki1790s.jpg/330px-Kalki1790s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kalki1790s.jpg/440px-Kalki1790s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Kalki and Devadatta</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Cyclic Concept Of Time (<i>Puranic Kalpa</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i> is estimated to last 432,000 years. In some Vaishnava texts, Kalki is forecasted to appear on a white horse on the day of <i>pralaya</i> to end <i>Kali Yuga</i>, to end the evil and wickedness, and to recreate the world anew along with A New Cycle Of Time (<a href="/wiki/Yuga_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuga Cycle">Yuga</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-coulter2013_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coulter2013-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kalki's description varies with manuscripts. Some state Kalki will be born to Awejsirdenee and Bishenjun,<sup id="cite_ref-coulter2013_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coulter2013-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others in the family of Sumati and Vishnuyasha.<sup id="cite_ref-emperor_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emperor-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocher1986183-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Buddhist manuscripts, Vishnuyasha is stated to be a prominent headman of the village called <a href="/wiki/Shambhala" title="Shambhala">Shambhala</a>. He will become the king, a "Turner Of The Wheel", and one who triumphs. He will eliminate all barbarians and robbers, end <i>adharma</i>, restart <i>dharma</i>, and save the good people.<sup id="cite_ref-incarnation_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incarnation-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, humanity will be transformed and the golden age will begin state the Hindu manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-incarnation_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incarnation-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Kanchipuram temple, two relief Puranic panels depict Kalki, one relating to lunar (moon-based) dynasty as mother of Kalki and another to solar (sun-based) dynasty as father of Kalki.<sup id="cite_ref-emperor_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emperor-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these panels, states D.D. Hudson, the story depicted is in terms of Kalki fighting and defeating asura <a href="/wiki/Kali_(demon)" title="Kali (demon)">Kali</a>. He rides a white horse called Devadatta, ends evil, purifies everyone's minds and consciousness, and heralds the start of <a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya Yuga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-emperor_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emperor-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dasavatar,_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dasavatar%2C_19th_century.jpg/650px-Dasavatar%2C_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="650" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dasavatar%2C_19th_century.jpg/975px-Dasavatar%2C_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dasavatar%2C_19th_century.jpg/1300px-Dasavatar%2C_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>19th-century <a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a> painting (from left): Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, and Kalki.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_who_claimed_to_be_Kalki">People who claimed to be Kalki</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> movement, claimed to be the Kalki Avatar, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a> is identified as Kalki as well as the prophesied redeeming messenger of God at the end of the world, as claimed in the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Bábí">Bábí</a> religion, Judaism (<a href="/wiki/Mashiach" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashiach">Mashiach</a>), Christianity (<a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Messiah</a>), Islam (<a href="/wiki/Masih_(title)" title="Masih (title)">Masih</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>), Buddhism (<a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a>), Zoroastrianism (Shah Bahram), and other religions.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bassuk1987p146_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bassuk1987p146-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Bhagawan" title="Kalki Bhagawan">Kalki Bhagawan</a>, born Vijaykumar Naidu, born on 7 March 1949, founder of Oneness University.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samael_Aun_Weor" title="Samael Aun Weor">Samael Aun Weor</a>, founder of the Universal Christian Gnostic Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaz_Ahmed_Gohar_Shahi" title="Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi">Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kalki_Avatar_Foundation" title="Kalki Avatar Foundation">Kalki Avatar Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_(demon)" title="Kali (demon)">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki_(novel)" title="Kalki (novel)"><i>Kalki</i> (novel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koka_and_Vikoka" title="Koka and Vikoka">Koka and Vikoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Light" title="Lord of Light">Lord of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suchandra" title="Suchandra">Suchandra</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brockington1998p287-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998p287_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJ._L._Brockington1998" class="citation book cs1">J. L. Brockington (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C"><i>The Sanskrit Epics</i></a>. BRILL Academic. pp. 287–288 with footnotes 126–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10260-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10260-4"><bdi>90-04-10260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanskrit+Epics&rft.pages=287-288+with+footnotes+126-127&rft.pub=BRILL+Academic&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=90-04-10260-4&rft.au=J.+L.+Brockington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHR-_LK5kl18C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2010p188-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p188_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDalal2014">Dalal 2014</a>, p. 188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByTCDrDij9HBWVA4VHYzY2g4elU/edit?pref=2&pli=1&resourcekey=0-zv9uNXhnYu0Yw54Z1u2U-Q">"Kalki-Purana-english.PDF"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kalki-Purana-english.PDF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0ByTCDrDij9HBWVA4VHYzY2g4elU%2Fedit%3Fpref%3D2%26pli%3D1%26resourcekey%3D0-zv9uNXhnYu0Yw54Z1u2U-Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpanchang.com/festivals/kalki-jayanti/">"Kalki Jayanti; rituals and significance"</a>. <i>mpchang</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mpchang&rft.atitle=Kalki+Jayanti%3B+rituals+and+significance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpanchang.com%2Ffestivals%2Fkalki-jayanti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n0-4RJh5FgoC&dq=Padmavati+Kalki&pg=PA183"><i>The Purāṇas</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447025225" title="Special:BookSources/9783447025225"><bdi>9783447025225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87as&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9783447025225&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn0-4RJh5FgoC%26dq%3DPadmavati%2BKalki%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&dq=Kalki+Ram%C4%81&pg=PA833"><i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary</i></a>. 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Lopez Jr. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zaC4CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA202"><i>Buddhism in Practice</i></a>. Princeton University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">202–</span>204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8007-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8007-2"><bdi>978-1-4008-8007-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism+in+Practice&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E202-%3C%2Fspan%3E204&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-8007-2&rft.au=Donald+S.+Lopez+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzaC4CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perry2017p220-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry2017p220_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry_Schmidt-Leukel2017" class="citation book cs1">Perry Schmidt-Leukel (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ir3zDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT221"><i>Religious Pluralism and Interreligious Theology: The Gifford Lectures</i></a>. Orbis. pp. <span class="nowrap">220–</span>222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60833-695-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60833-695-1"><bdi>978-1-60833-695-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Pluralism+and+Interreligious+Theology%3A+The+Gifford+Lectures&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E220-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.pub=Orbis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-60833-695-1&rft.au=Perry+Schmidt-Leukel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dir3zDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dahla2006p90-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dahla2006p90_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dahla2006p90_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">[a] <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBjörn_Dahla2006" class="citation book cs1">Björn Dahla (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i_rWAAAAMAAJ"><i>Exercising Power: The Role of Religions in Concord and Conflict</i></a>. Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural History. pp. <span class="nowrap">90–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-952-12-1811-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-952-12-1811-8"><bdi>978-952-12-1811-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exercising+Power%3A+The+Role+of+Religions+in+Concord+and+Conflict&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.pub=Donner+Institute+for+Research+in+Religious+and+Cultural+History&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-952-12-1811-8&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rn+Dahla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di_rWAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span>, <b>Quote:</b> "(...) the Shambala-bodhisattva-king [Cakravartin Kalkin] and his army will defeat and destroy the enemy army, the barbarian Muslim army and their religion, in a kind of Buddhist Armadgeddon. Thereafter Buddhism will prevail.";<br />[b] <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Burton2017" class="citation book cs1">David Burton (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phddDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT193"><i>Buddhism: A Contemporary Philosophical Investigation</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-83859-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-83859-7"><bdi>978-1-351-83859-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism%3A+A+Contemporary+Philosophical+Investigation&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-83859-7&rft.au=David+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DphddDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span><br />[c] <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohan_Elverskog2011" class="citation book cs1">Johan Elverskog (2011). Anna Akasoy; et al. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfWXIfbynwYC&pg=PA293"><i>Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">293–</span>310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6956-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6956-2"><bdi>978-0-7546-6956-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Tibet%3A+Interactions+Along+the+Musk+Routes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E293-%3C%2Fspan%3E310&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6956-2&rft.au=Johan+Elverskog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZfWXIfbynwYC%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rinehart2011p29-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rinehart2011p29_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rinehart2011p29_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRinehart2011" class="citation book cs1">Rinehart, Robin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58AVDAAAQBAJ"><i>Debating the Dasam Granth</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975506-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975506-6"><bdi>978-0-19-975506-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debating+the+Dasam+Granth&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975506-6&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58AVDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klostermaier2006p75-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klostermaier2006p75_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlostermaier2006" class="citation book cs1">Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CFQ9DgAAQBAJ"><i>Mythologies and Philosophies of Salvation in the Theistic Traditions of India</i></a>. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-743-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-743-1"><bdi>978-0-88920-743-1</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mythologies+and+Philosophies+of+Salvation+in+the+Theistic+Traditions+of+India&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-743-1&rft.aulast=Klostermaier&rft.aufirst=Klaus+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCFQ9DgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p104-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p104_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlf_Hiltebeitel2011" class="citation book cs1">Alf Hiltebeitel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lLfHSOWKB-sC&pg=PA531"><i>Reading the Fifth Veda: Studies on the Mahābhārata - Essays by Alf Hiltebeitel</i></a>. BRILL Academic. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>110, <span class="nowrap">530–</span>531. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18566-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18566-1"><bdi>978-90-04-18566-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Fifth+Veda%3A+Studies+on+the+Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata+-+Essays+by+Alf+Hiltebeitel&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E110%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E530-%3C%2Fspan%3E531&rft.pub=BRILL+Academic&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18566-1&rft.au=Alf+Hiltebeitel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlLfHSOWKB-sC%26pg%3DPA531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGopal1990" class="citation book cs1">Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada"><i>India through the ages</i></a>. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/73">73</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+through+the+ages&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Publication+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Gopal&rft.aufirst=Madan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findiathroughages00mada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doniger1999p629-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doniger1999p629_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doniger1999p629_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWendy_DonigerMerriam-Webster,_Inc1999" class="citation book cs1">Wendy Doniger; Merriam-Webster, Inc (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA629"><i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>. Merriam-Webster. p. 629. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-044-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=629&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft.au=Wendy+Doniger&rft.au=Merriam-Webster%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZP_f9icf2roC%26pg%3DPA629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLudo_Rocher2004" class="citation book cs1">Ludo Rocher (22 March 2004). Ralph M. Rosen (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=It9KMklf4R4C&pg=PA91"><i>Time and Temporality in the Ancient World</i></a>. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931707-67-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931707-67-1"><bdi>978-1-931707-67-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+and+Temporality+in+the+Ancient+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.pub=UPenn+Museum+of+Archaeology&rft.date=2004-03-22&rft.isbn=978-1-931707-67-1&rft.au=Ludo+Rocher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIt9KMklf4R4C%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/7-chiranjeevis-the-immortals-of-hinduism-who-will-assist-kalki-in-ending-kali-yuga-article-111290266">"7 Chiranjeevis: The Immortals Who Will Assist Kalki In Ending Kali Yuga"</a>. <i>Times Now</i>. 26 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Now&rft.atitle=7+Chiranjeevis%3A+The+Immortals+Who+Will+Assist+Kalki+In+Ending+Kali+Yuga&rft.date=2024-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesnownews.com%2Fspiritual%2F7-chiranjeevis-the-immortals-of-hinduism-who-will-assist-kalki-in-ending-kali-yuga-article-111290266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_with_footnotes-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_with_footnotes_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_with_footnotes_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocher1986">Rocher 1986</a>, p. 183 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoniger1988" class="citation book cs1">Doniger, Wendy (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KtZRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA5"><i>Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-1867-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-1867-1"><bdi>978-0-7190-1867-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textual+Sources+for+the+Study+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-1867-1&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtZRAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirk1972" class="citation book cs1">Kirk, James A. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aUwqAAAAYAAJ"><i>Stories of the Hindus: An Introduction Through Texts and Interpretation</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-563230-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-563230-1"><bdi>978-0-02-563230-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stories+of+the+Hindus%3A+An+Introduction+Through+Texts+and+Interpretation&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-02-563230-1&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaUwqAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/the-kalki-purana-english"><i>The Kalki Purana— English</i></a>. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kalki+Purana%E2%80%94+English&rft.pages=28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-kalki-purana-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/the-kalki-purana-english"><i>The Kalki Purana— English</i></a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">33–</span>34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kalki+Purana%E2%80%94+English&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-kalki-purana-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/the-kalki-purana-english"><i>The Kalki Purana— English</i></a>. p. 172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kalki+Purana%E2%80%94+English&rft.pages=172&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-kalki-purana-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParmeshwaranand2001" class="citation book cs1">Parmeshwaranand, Swami (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6F0ZIBIL2ZAC&pg=PA138"><i>Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas</i></a>. Sarup & Sons. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-226-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-226-3"><bdi>978-81-7625-226-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedic+Dictionary+of+Puranas&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-226-3&rft.aulast=Parmeshwaranand&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6F0ZIBIL2ZAC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBasu2007" class="citation book cs1">Basu, Baman Das (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=12kSkNpBx-sC&pg=PA1029"><i>The Srimad Devi Bhagwatam (vols.2 Set)</i></a>. Cosmo Publications. p. 1029. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-307-0559-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-307-0559-0"><bdi>978-81-307-0559-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Srimad+Devi+Bhagwatam+%28vols.2+Set%29&rft.pages=1029&rft.pub=Cosmo+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-307-0559-0&rft.aulast=Basu&rft.aufirst=Baman+Das&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D12kSkNpBx-sC%26pg%3DPA1029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/456921039/Urban-Hammar-Studies-in-the-Kalacakra-Tantra-A-History-of-the-Kalacakra-in-Tibet-and-a-Study-of-the-Concept-of-Adibuddha-the-Fourth-Body-of-the">"Urban Hammar. - Studies in The Kalacakra Tantra - A History of The Kalacakra in Tibet and A Study of The Concept of Adibuddha, The Fourth Body of The Buddha and The Supreme Un-Changing PDF | PDF | Tibetan Buddhism | Vajrayana"</a>. <i>Scribd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scribd&rft.atitle=Urban+Hammar.+-+Studies+in+The+Kalacakra+Tantra+-+A+History+of+The+Kalacakra+in+Tibet+and+A+Study+of+The+Concept+of+Adibuddha%2C+The+Fourth+Body+of+The+Buddha+and+The+Supreme+Un-Changing+PDF+%7C+PDF+%7C+Tibetan+Buddhism+%7C+Vajrayana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F456921039%2FUrban-Hammar-Studies-in-the-Kalacakra-Tantra-A-History-of-the-Kalacakra-in-Tibet-and-a-Study-of-the-Concept-of-Adibuddha-the-Fourth-Body-of-the&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewman2015" class="citation book cs1">Newman, John (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.villanova.edu/Find/Record/554047/TOC"><i>Buddhism in Practice</i></a>. Princeton readings in religions (Abridged ed.). Princeton Univ. Press. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism+in+Practice&rft.series=Princeton+readings+in+religions&rft.pages=203&rft.edition=Abridged&rft.pub=Princeton+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.villanova.edu%2FFind%2FRecord%2F554047%2FTOC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSopa" class="citation web cs1">Sopa, Lhundub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/258363.The_Wheel_of_Time">"The Wheel of Time: Kalachakra in Context"</a>. pp. 83 to 84, with note 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wheel+of+Time%3A+Kalachakra+in+Context&rft.pages=83+to+84%2C+with+note+4&rft.aulast=Sopa&rft.aufirst=Lhundub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F258363.The_Wheel_of_Time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JIN2017p49-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JIN2017p49_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JIN2017p49_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYijiu_JIN2017" class="citation book cs1">Yijiu JIN (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-PzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49"><i>Islam</i></a>. BRILL Academic. pp. <span class="nowrap">49–</span>52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2800-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2800-8"><bdi>978-90-474-2800-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.pub=BRILL+Academic&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-90-474-2800-8&rft.au=Yijiu+JIN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ-PzDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcLeod2003" class="citation book cs1">McLeod, W.H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HIrXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Sikhs of the Khalsa: A history of the Khalsa Rahit</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">149–</span>150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-565916-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-565916-0"><bdi>978-0-19-565916-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhs+of+the+Khalsa%3A+A+history+of+the+Khalsa+Rahit&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E150&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-565916-0&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHIrXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPurnima_Dhavan2011" class="citation book cs1">Purnima Dhavan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC"><i>When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 1 55–157, 186 note 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975655-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975655-1"><bdi>978-0-19-975655-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Sparrows+Became+Hawks%3A+The+Making+of+the+Sikh+Warrior+Tradition%2C+1699-1799&rft.pages=1+55-157%2C+186+note+32&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975655-1&rft.au=Purnima+Dhavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-7HJ5idB8_QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-academy81-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-academy81_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academy81_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Tattvadīpaḥ: Journal of Academy of Sanskrit Research, Volume 5</i>. The Academy. 2001. p. 81. <q>Kalki, as an incarnation of Visnu, is not found in the Vedic literature. But some of the features of that concept, viz., the fearful elements, the epithet Kalmallkinam (brilliant, remover of darkness) of Rudra, prompt us to admit him as the forerunner of Kalki.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tattvad%C4%ABpa%E1%B8%A5%3A+Journal+of+Academy+of+Sanskrit+Research%2C+Volume+5&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=The+Academy&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRabiprasad_Mishra2000" class="citation book cs1">Rabiprasad Mishra (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3XvXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Theory of Incarnation: Its Origin and Development in the Light of Vedic and Purāṇic References</i></a>. Pratibha. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7702-021-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7702-021-2"><bdi>978-81-7702-021-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Incarnation%3A+Its+Origin+and+Development+in+the+Light+of+Vedic+and+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87ic+References&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Pratibha&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-7702-021-2&rft.au=Rabiprasad+Mishra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3XvXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span>, Quote: "Kalki as an incarnation of Visnu is not mentioned in the Vedic literature."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Hayman_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horace Hayman Wilson">Wilson, Horace</a> (2001). <i>Vishnu Purana</i>. Ganesha Publishing. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86210-016-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-86210-016-0"><bdi>1-86210-016-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vishnu+Purana&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Ganesha+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-86210-016-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Horace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoy" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Janmajit. <i>Theory of Avatāra and Divinity of Chaitanya</i>. Atlantic Publishers. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Avat%C4%81ra+and+Divinity+of+Chaitanya&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Janmajit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniélou" class="citation book cs1">Daniélou, Alain. <i>The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series</i>. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myths+and+Gods+of+India%3A+The+Classic+Work+on+Hindu+Polytheism+from+the+Princeton+Bollingen+Series&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions+%2F+Bear+%26+Co&rft.aulast=Dani%C3%A9lou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchiner2000p68-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchiner2000p68_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_E._Mitchiner2000" class="citation book cs1">John E. Mitchiner (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC"><i>Traditions Of The Seven Rsis</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 68–69 with footnotes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1324-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1324-3"><bdi>978-81-208-1324-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+Of+The+Seven+Rsis&rft.pages=68-69+with+footnotes&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1324-3&rft.au=John+E.+Mitchiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DphGzVwTTp_gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiltebeitel2011p288-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hiltebeitel2011p288_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlf_Hiltebeitel2011" class="citation book cs1">Alf Hiltebeitel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U4NF8pYxdvIC"><i>Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">288–</span>292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539423-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539423-8"><bdi>978-0-19-539423-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dharma%3A+Its+Early+History+in+Law%2C+Religion%2C+and+Narrative&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E288-%3C%2Fspan%3E292&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539423-8&rft.au=Alf+Hiltebeitel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU4NF8pYxdvIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuis_González_Reimann2002" class="citation book cs1">Luis González Reimann (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nXrXAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Mahābhārata and the Yugas: India's Great Epic Poem and the Hindu System of World Ages</i></a>. Peter Lang. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>99, quote is on page 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5530-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5530-3"><bdi>978-0-8204-5530-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata+and+the+Yugas%3A+India%27s+Great+Epic+Poem+and+the+Hindu+System+of+World+Ages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E99%2C+quote+is+on+page+97&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-5530-3&rft.au=Luis+Gonz%C3%A1lez+Reimann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnXrXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dimmitt2012p63-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dimmitt2012p63_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dimmitt2012p63_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDimmittvan_Buitenen2012">Dimmitt & van Buitenen 2012</a>, pp. 63–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doniger2004p235-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doniger2004p235_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoniger2004" class="citation book cs1">Doniger, Wendy (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eQ4IMQAACAAJ"><i>Hindu Myths: A sourcebook translated from the Sanskrit</i></a>. Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">235–</span>237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044990-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044990-7"><bdi>978-0-14-044990-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Myths%3A+A+sourcebook+translated+from+the+Sanskrit&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E235-%3C%2Fspan%3E237&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-14-044990-7&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeQ4IMQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPowellIsaacson2013" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Robert; Isaacson, Estelle (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGhAAwAAQBAJ&q=Maitreya+Kalki&pg=PT32"><i>Gautama Buddha's Successor</i></a>. SteinerBooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58420-162-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58420-162-5"><bdi>978-1-58420-162-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gautama+Buddha%27s+Successor&rft.pub=SteinerBooks&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-58420-162-5&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Isaacson%2C+Estelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvGhAAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DMaitreya%2BKalki%26pg%3DPT32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoerich1987" class="citation book cs1">Roerich, Elena Ivanovna (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-6zwAAAAIAAJ&q=Maitreya+Kalki"><i>Letters, 1929-1938</i></a>. Agni Yoga Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters%2C+1929-1938&rft.pub=Agni+Yoga+Society&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Roerich&rft.aufirst=Elena+Ivanovna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-6zwAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DMaitreya%2BKalki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlottDolinHatton1977" class="citation book cs1">Plott, John C.; Dolin, James Michael; Hatton, Russell E. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ErMRGiNcxJIC&q=Maitreya+Kalki&pg=PA358"><i>Global History of Philosophy: The period of scholasticism</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. p. 358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89581-678-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89581-678-8"><bdi>978-0-89581-678-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+History+of+Philosophy%3A+The+period+of+scholasticism&rft.pages=358&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publisher&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-89581-678-8&rft.aulast=Plott&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.au=Dolin%2C+James+Michael&rft.au=Hatton%2C+Russell+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DErMRGiNcxJIC%26q%3DMaitreya%2BKalki%26pg%3DPA358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1990" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Troy (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RJo4wL49kugC&q=Maitreya+Kalki"><i>New Age Messiah identified: Who is Lord Maitreya? Tara Center's "mystery man" alive and living in London</i></a>. Huntington House Publishers. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-910311-17-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-910311-17-5"><bdi>978-0-910311-17-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Age+Messiah+identified%3A+Who+is+Lord+Maitreya%3F+Tara+Center%27s+%22mystery+man%22+alive+and+living+in+London&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Huntington+House+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-910311-17-5&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Troy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRJo4wL49kugC%26q%3DMaitreya%2BKalki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStutley1985" class="citation book cs1">Stutley, Margaret (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OPsXAAAAIAAJ&q=Maitreya+Kalki"><i>Hinduism: The Eternal Law: An introduction to the literature, cosmology, and cults of the Hindu religion</i></a>. Aquarian Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85030-348-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85030-348-3"><bdi>978-0-85030-348-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+The+Eternal+Law%3A+An+introduction+to+the+literature%2C+cosmology%2C+and+cults+of+the+Hindu+religion&rft.pub=Aquarian+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-85030-348-3&rft.aulast=Stutley&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOPsXAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DMaitreya%2BKalki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchiner2000p75-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchiner2000p75_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_E._Mitchiner2000" class="citation book cs1">John E. Mitchiner (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC"><i>Traditions Of The Seven Rsis</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. <span class="nowrap">75–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1324-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1324-3"><bdi>978-81-208-1324-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+Of+The+Seven+Rsis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1324-3&rft.au=John+E.+Mitchiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DphGzVwTTp_gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchiner2000p69-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchiner2000p69_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_E._Mitchiner2000" class="citation book cs1">John E. Mitchiner (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC"><i>Traditions Of The Seven Rsis</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. <span class="nowrap">69–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1324-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1324-3"><bdi>978-81-208-1324-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+Of+The+Seven+Rsis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1324-3&rft.au=John+E.+Mitchiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DphGzVwTTp_gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reimann2002p95-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reimann2002p95_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuis_González-Reimann2002" class="citation book cs1">Luis González-Reimann (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nXrXAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Mahābhārata and the Yugas: India's Great Epic Poem and the Hindu System of World Ages</i></a>. Peter Lang. pp. <span class="nowrap">95–</span>99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5530-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5530-3"><bdi>978-0-8204-5530-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata+and+the+Yugas%3A+India%27s+Great+Epic+Poem+and+the+Hindu+System+of+World+Ages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E99&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-5530-3&rft.au=Luis+Gonz%C3%A1lez-Reimann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnXrXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reimann2002p112-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reimann2002p112_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuis_González_Reimann2002" class="citation book cs1">Luis González Reimann (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nXrXAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Mahābhārata and the Yugas: India's Great Epic Poem and the Hindu System of World Ages</i></a>. Peter Lang. pp. 112–113 note 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5530-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-5530-3"><bdi>978-0-8204-5530-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata+and+the+Yugas%3A+India%27s+Great+Epic+Poem+and+the+Hindu+System+of+World+Ages&rft.pages=112-113+note+39&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-5530-3&rft.au=Luis+Gonz%C3%A1lez+Reimann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnXrXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span>; Note: Reimann mentions some attempts to "identify both Pramiti and Kalkin with historical rulers".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharma2012p244-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sharma2012p244_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArvind_Sharma2012" class="citation book cs1">Arvind Sharma (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CfZ9y5-FGPgC"><i>Religious Studies and Comparative Methodology: The Case for Reciprocal Illumination</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">244–</span>245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8325-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8325-1"><bdi>978-0-7914-8325-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Studies+and+Comparative+Methodology%3A+The+Case+for+Reciprocal+Illumination&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E244-%3C%2Fspan%3E245&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8325-1&rft.au=Arvind+Sharma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCfZ9y5-FGPgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hindu Myths", p. 236, Penguin Books, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coulter2013-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coulter2013_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coulter2013_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoulterTurner2013" class="citation book cs1">Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VWxekbhM1yEC"><i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135963972" title="Special:BookSources/9781135963972"><bdi>9781135963972</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Deities&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781135963972&rft.aulast=Coulter&rft.aufirst=Charles+Russell&rft.au=Turner%2C+Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVWxekbhM1yEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_University_Press_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_R._LewisInga_B._Tollefsen" class="citation book cs1">James R. Lewis; Inga B. Tollefsen. <i>The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements, Volume 2</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 488.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+New+Religious+Movements%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.au=James+R.+Lewis&rft.au=Inga+B.+Tollefsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emperor-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emperor_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emperor_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emperor_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHudson2008" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, D. Dennis (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bodygodemperorsp00huds_609"><i>The Body of God: An emperor's palace for Krishna in eighth century Kanchipuram</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bodygodemperorsp00huds_609/page/n359">333</a>–340. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536922-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536922-9"><bdi>978-0-19-536922-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Body+of+God%3A+An+emperor%27s+palace+for+Krishna+in+eighth+century+Kanchipuram&rft.pages=333-340&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536922-9&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=D.+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbodygodemperorsp00huds_609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocher1986183-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocher1986183_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocher1986">Rocher 1986</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-incarnation-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-incarnation_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-incarnation_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_Buitenen1987" class="citation book cs1">van Buitenen, J.A.B. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GfhJCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Mahabharata</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. Volume 2, Book 2, pages 597–598. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226223681" title="Special:BookSources/9780226223681"><bdi>9780226223681</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mahabharata&rft.pages=Volume-2%2C+Book-2%2C+pages-597-598&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780226223681&rft.aulast=van+Buitenen&rft.aufirst=J.A.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGfhJCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuergensmeyer2006" class="citation book cs1">Juergensmeyer, Mark (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lQMurMhRtfIC&pg=PA520"><i>Oxford Handbook of Global Religions</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 520. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513798-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513798-9"><bdi>978-0-19-513798-9</bdi></a>. ISBN (Ten digit): 0195137981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Handbook+of+Global+Religions&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=520&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513798-9&rft.aulast=Juergensmeyer&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlQMurMhRtfIC%26pg%3DPA520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEffendi" class="citation book cs1">Effendi, Shoghi. <i>God Passes By</i>. Baha'i Publishing Trust. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+Passes+By&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Baha%27i+Publishing+Trust&rft.aulast=Effendi&rft.aufirst=Shoghi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bassuk1987p146-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bassuk1987p146_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBassuk1987" class="citation book cs1">Bassuk, Daniel E. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k3iwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146"><i>Incarnation in Hinduism and Christianity: The Myth of the God-Man</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">146–</span>147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-08642-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-08642-9"><bdi>978-1-349-08642-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Incarnation+in+Hinduism+and+Christianity%3A+The+Myth+of+the+God-Man&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E146-%3C%2Fspan%3E147&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-1-349-08642-9&rft.aulast=Bassuk&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk3iwCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2012" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, John M. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fTiZY_5wlJ4C&pg=PA62"><i>Tough Guys and True Believers: Managing authoritarian men in the psychotherapy room</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">62–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-81774-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-81774-8"><bdi>978-1-136-81774-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tough+Guys+and+True+Believers%3A+Managing+authoritarian+men+in+the+psychotherapy+room&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-81774-8&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfTiZY_5wlJ4C%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewisTollefsen2004" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, James R.; Tollefsen, Inga B. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KisRDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements</i></a>. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. p. 409. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190611521" title="Special:BookSources/9780190611521"><bdi>9780190611521</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+New+Religious+Movements&rft.pages=409&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780190611521&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Tollefsen%2C+Inga+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKisRDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703123634/http://samael.org/idiomas/ingles/paginas/1_quien_samael/quien_samael.htm">"Who is Samael Aun Weor?"</a>. <i>Samael.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samael.org/idiomas/ingles/paginas/1_quien_samael/quien_samael.htm">the original</a> on 3 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Samael.org&rft.atitle=Who+is+Samael+Aun+Weor%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samael.org%2Fidiomas%2Fingles%2Fpaginas%2F1_quien_samael%2Fquien_samael.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSikand2008" class="citation book cs1">Sikand, Yoginder (2008). <i>Pseudo-messianic movements in contemporary Muslim South Asia</i>. Global Media Publications. p. 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pseudo-messianic+movements+in+contemporary+Muslim+South+Asia&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Global+Media+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sikand&rft.aufirst=Yoginder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin Francis (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0z02cZe8PU8C"><i>Krishna: A sourcebook</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803400-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803400-1"><bdi>978-0-19-803400-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Krishna%3A+A+sourcebook&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-803400-1&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0z02cZe8PU8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDimmittvan_Buitenen2012" class="citation book cs1">Dimmitt, Cornelia; van Buitenen, J. A. B. (2012) [1977]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=re7CR2jKn3QC"><i>Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas</i></a>. Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4399-0464-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4399-0464-0"><bdi>978-1-4399-0464-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Hindu+Mythology%3A+A+Reader+in+the+Sanskrit+Puranas&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4399-0464-0&rft.aulast=Dimmitt&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rft.au=van+Buitenen%2C+J.+A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dre7CR2jKn3QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDalal2014" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Rosen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC"><i>Hinduism: An aAlphabetical guide</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8184752779" title="Special:BookSources/978-8184752779"><bdi>978-8184752779</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+aAlphabetical+guide&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8184752779&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Rosen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlood1996" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Gavin (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo"><i>An Introduction to Hinduism</i></a></span>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43878-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43878-0"><bdi>0-521-43878-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Hinduism&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-521-43878-0&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontohi0000floo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlucklich2008" class="citation book cs1">Glucklich, Ariel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KtLScrjrWiAC"><i>The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu culture in historical perspective: Hindu culture in historical perspective</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971825-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971825-2"><bdi>978-0-19-971825-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strides+of+Vishnu%3A+Hindu+culture+in+historical+perspective%3A+Hindu+culture+in+historical+perspective&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-971825-2&rft.aulast=Glucklich&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtLScrjrWiAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2009" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, W.J. (2009). <i>A Dictionary of Hinduism</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861025-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861025-0"><bdi>978-0-19-861025-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Hinduism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861025-0&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=W.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRao1993" class="citation book cs1">Rao, Velcheru Narayana (1993). "Purana as Brahminic Ideology". In Doniger, Wendy (ed.). <i>Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-1381-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-1381-0"><bdi>0-7914-1381-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Purana+as+Brahminic+Ideology&rft.btitle=Purana+Perennis%3A+Reciprocity+and+Transformation+in+Hindu+and+Jaina+Texts&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7914-1381-0&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Velcheru+Narayana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRocher1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ludo_Rocher" title="Ludo Rocher">Rocher, Ludo</a> (1986). <i>The Puranas</i>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3447025225" title="Special:BookSources/978-3447025225"><bdi>978-3447025225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Puranas&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3447025225&rft.aulast=Rocher&rft.aufirst=Ludo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalki" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:नराशंस"><i>Narasangsa</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:VishnuAvatars" title="Template:VishnuAvatars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:VishnuAvatars" title="Template talk:VishnuAvatars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:VishnuAvatars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:VishnuAvatars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Avatars_of_Vishnu680" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a><br />(for example)<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalki</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vishnu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vishnu.jpg/60px-Vishnu.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vishnu.jpg/90px-Vishnu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vishnu.jpg/120px-Vishnu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="246" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Other avatars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Kumaras" title="Four Kumaras">Four Kumaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna_(avatar)" title="Yajna (avatar)">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishabha_(Hinduism)" title="Rishabha (Hinduism)">Rishabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prsnigarbha" title="Prsnigarbha">Prsnigarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamsa_(bird)" title="Hamsa (bird)">Hamsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div><small><sup><small>1</small></sup> The list of the "ten avatars" varies regionally. Two substitutions<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> involve Balarama, Krishna, and Buddha. Krishna is almost always included; in exceptions, he is considered the source of all avatars.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_deities_and_texts170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template talk:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_deities_and_texts170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">texts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu Om symbol"><img alt="Hindu Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/50px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/75px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/100px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditi" title="Aditi">Aditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaya" title="Chhaya">Chhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrani" title="Indrani">Shachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangi" title="Matangi">Matangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(goddess)" title="Rohini (goddess)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjna" title="Sanjna">Sanjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daitya" title="Daitya">Daitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_directions" title="Guardians of the directions">Dikpāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yakshas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Texts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_texts" title="Category:Hindu texts">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476824#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata481" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476824#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata481" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476824#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11046247">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/133803708">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_catastrophic_risks750" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template talk:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Global_catastrophic_risks750" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Earth" title="Future of Earth">Future of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe" title="Future of an expanding universe">Future of an expanding universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">Cyberattack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_goo" title="Gray goo">Gray goo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_applications_of_nanotechnology#Weapons" title="Industrial applications of nanotechnology">Nanoweapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_weapon" title="Kinetic energy weapon">Kinetic energy weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Dead Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock">Doomsday Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_weapon" title="Antimatter weapon">Antimatter weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">Electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_high-energy_particle_collision_experiments" title="Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments">Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">Synthetic intelligence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">Economic collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">Nuclear holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_famine" title="Nuclear famine">famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">Societal collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse">State collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Ecological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology)" title="Cascade effect (ecology)">Cascade effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis" title="Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis">Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Climate change and civilizational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Extinction risk from climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points in the climate system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">Flood basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_terrestrial_stilling" title="Global terrestrial stilling">Global terrestrial stilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_star" title="Intergalactic star">Rogue star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27im_Al_Muhammad" title="Qa'im Al Muhammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">End time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis (hypothetical star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture#Prewrath_premillennialism" title="Rapture">Prewrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posttribulation_rapture" title="Posttribulation rapture">Posttribulation rapture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">List of apocalyptic films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">List of disaster films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_crisis" title="Social crisis">Social crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivalism" title="Survivalism">Survivalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" 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