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{"work":{"id":42635047,"created_at":"2020-04-05T21:24:48.779-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-03T23:25:02.970-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"This Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides essential information regarding the safety, handling, and potential hazards of sodium hypochlorite. Key points include its hazardous decomposition products, health effects upon exposure through various routes, first aid measures, and specific fire and explosion hazard data. The document stresses adherence to safety protocols and highlights that while sodium hypochlorite does not present a carcinogenic risk, it can produce harmful genetic material damage in vitro.","ai_title_tag":"Safety Data for Sodium Hypochlorite Risks"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYZ","broadcastable":false,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [50009799]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":62840788,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYZ”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62840788/mini_magick20200405-19652-1tc34pv.png?1586147163" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET XYZ</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50009799" href="https://independent.academia.edu/acehpestcontrolcv"><img alt="Profile image of aceh pest control cv" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/50009799/14041080/15065533/s65_aceh_pest_control.cv.jpg" />aceh pest control cv</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 42635047; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=42635047"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides essential information regarding the safety, handling, and potential hazards of sodium hypochlorite. Key points include its hazardous decomposition products, health effects upon exposure through various routes, first aid measures, and specific fire and explosion hazard data. 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data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="62840788" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/42635047/MATERIAL_SAFETY_DATA_SHEET_XYZ" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="42635055" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42635055/MATERIAL_SAFETY_DATA_SHEET">MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50009799" href="https://independent.academia.edu/acehpestcontrolcv">aceh pest control cv</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET","attachmentId":62840798,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42635055/MATERIAL_SAFETY_DATA_SHEET","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42635055/MATERIAL_SAFETY_DATA_SHEET"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="12644976" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12644976/Proceedings_of_the_international_conference_on_occupational_and_environmental_exposures_of_skin_to_chemicals_science_and_policy_session_II_health_effects_and_hazard_identification">Proceedings of the international conference on occupational and environmental exposures of skin to chemicals: science and policy—session II: health effects and hazard identification</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31629271" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PietroSartorelli">Pietro Sartorelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Proceedings of the international conference on occupational and environmental exposures of skin to chemicals: science and policy—session II: health effects and hazard identification","attachmentId":46031807,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12644976/Proceedings_of_the_international_conference_on_occupational_and_environmental_exposures_of_skin_to_chemicals_science_and_policy_session_II_health_effects_and_hazard_identification","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12644976/Proceedings_of_the_international_conference_on_occupational_and_environmental_exposures_of_skin_to_chemicals_science_and_policy_session_II_health_effects_and_hazard_identification"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="60092583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60092583/Four_Cases_of_Chemical_Burns_Thought_to_Be_Caused_by_Exposure_to_Chromic_Acid_Mist">Four Cases of Chemical Burns Thought to Be Caused by Exposure to Chromic Acid Mist</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59511782" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MasanoriOgawa">Masanori Ogawa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Occupational Health, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Four Cases of Chemical Burns Thought to Be Caused by Exposure to Chromic Acid Mist","attachmentId":73686430,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60092583/Four_Cases_of_Chemical_Burns_Thought_to_Be_Caused_by_Exposure_to_Chromic_Acid_Mist","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60092583/Four_Cases_of_Chemical_Burns_Thought_to_Be_Caused_by_Exposure_to_Chromic_Acid_Mist"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="78665337" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78665337/Dermal_exposure_to_chemicals_evaluation_of_skin_barrier_damage">Dermal exposure to chemicals - evaluation of skin barrier damage</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="119130874" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JarmilaHojerov%C3%A1">Jarmila Hojerová</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Chimica Slovaca, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dermal exposure to chemicals - evaluation of skin barrier damage Dermal exposure to xenobiotic compounds occurs on a daily basis in many humans, in intended as well as unintended ways. Serious skin problems are caused by household chemical products, mainly by strong anionic surfactants. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of two in vitro methods for evaluation of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) potential on skin barrier damage. Transdermal electrical conductivity (TEC) according to our design, and the method of in vitro skin permeability of indigotine as a chemical skin integrity marker were used. The TEC values across the skin membrane damaged with 5, 10 and 15 % aqueous SLS solutions for 1 h were 3.92, 5.79, and 7.29-fold higher respectively than the data of TEC across the intact skin membrane. The amounts of indigotine after 20 h permeation through the skin membrane damaged with 5, 10 and 15 % SLS were 2.48, 4.04, and 5.81-fold higher respectively than the measur...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dermal exposure to chemicals - evaluation of skin barrier damage","attachmentId":85792739,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78665337/Dermal_exposure_to_chemicals_evaluation_of_skin_barrier_damage","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78665337/Dermal_exposure_to_chemicals_evaluation_of_skin_barrier_damage"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="89213585" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89213585/Additive_impairment_of_the_barrier_function_by_mechanical_irritation_occlusion_and_sodium_lauryl_sulphate_in_vivo">Additive impairment of the barrier function by mechanical irritation, occlusion and sodium lauryl sulphate in vivo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="242127618" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElsnerPatricia">Patricia Elsner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">British Journal of Dermatology, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background The interaction between potential irritants in the workplace might be important because workers are not usually exposed to a single irritant, but to multiple potentially harmful substances. Physical irritant contact dermatitis caused by friction or mechanical abrasion is a common occupational dermatosis. Prolonged water exposure by occlusion is also common in the workplace. Several studies have revealed the negative effect of the common anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on permeability barrier function. Objectives To study the additive impairment of permeability barrier function by mechanical irritation combined with 0AE5% SLS or prolonged water exposure by occlusion, as models of mild irritation. Methods The volar forearms of 20 healthy volunteers were exposed to mechanical irritation and occlusion with water or 0AE5% SLS for four consecutive days in a combined tandem repeated irritation test (TRIT). Permeability barrier function was measured with a Tewameter TM 210 Ò. Irritation was assessed with a Chromameter CR 300 Ò and a visual score. Results Barrier disruption in our model was rated as follows: occlusion with SLS and mechanical irritation > occlusion with SLS > occlusion with water and mechanical irritation > mechanical irritation and occlusion with water > occlusion with a glove and mechanical irritation > mechanical irritation > occlusion with water. Barrier disruption caused by occlusion or mechanical irritation was enhanced by the tandem application. The choice of irritant under occlusion, time of occlusion and order of tandem application all affected the degree of barrier disruption. Evaporimetry was able to detect early stages in the development of an irritant reaction before it became visible. Chromametry was not able to detect this early response. Conclusions Physical irritants (friction, abrasive grains, occlusion) and detergents such as SLS represent a significant irritation risk and should be minimized, especially when acting together, as shown in our TRIT model.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Additive impairment of the barrier function by mechanical irritation, occlusion and sodium lauryl sulphate in vivo","attachmentId":93052173,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89213585/Additive_impairment_of_the_barrier_function_by_mechanical_irritation_occlusion_and_sodium_lauryl_sulphate_in_vivo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89213585/Additive_impairment_of_the_barrier_function_by_mechanical_irritation_occlusion_and_sodium_lauryl_sulphate_in_vivo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="114249281" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114249281/Dermal_Irritation_Assessment_of_Three_Benzene_Sulfonate_Compounds">Dermal Irritation Assessment of Three Benzene Sulfonate Compounds</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="163926548" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SteveClough2">Steve Clough</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Toxicology, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Three benzene sulfonate compounds, benzene sulfonate, benzene meta-disulfonate, and para-phenol sulfonate, were reported to be present in groundwater sampled from residential wells near a former disposal site. Concentrations ranged from <0.005 mg/L to 474 mg/L. Acute dermal irritation studies were performed on rabbits for each of the three sulfonate compounds to determine if they had the potential to cause irritation to the skin of persons using this groundwater for bathing, showering, or other uses where skin would be exposed. The studies were performed by Toxikon Corporation (Bedford, MA) in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)'s 1998 Health Effects Test Guidelines. At the highest concentration tested (5000 mg/L), all three sulfonate compounds were considered to be slight irritants, producing very slight to mild erythema (Draize Score 1). In all cases, the reactions were reversible. At 2000 mg/L, benzene metadisulfonate and para-phenol sulfonate caused no irritation and were considered not to be irritants. At 2000 mg/L, only benzene sulfonate was considered to be a slight irritant, producing a mild erythema that was completely reversible within 24 hours. Benzene sulfonate was not considered an irritant at 1000 mg/L or at 500 mg/L. It is important to note that all three sulfonate compounds produced only a slight irritation at the highest concentration tested. None of the compounds produced a moderate to severe irritation response (i.e., severe erythema, edema). Furthermore, any irritation response observed at the highest concentrations tested was reversible within 72 hours. The only irritation response observed at the second highest dose was also reversible within 24 hours.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dermal Irritation Assessment of Three Benzene Sulfonate Compounds","attachmentId":110996731,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114249281/Dermal_Irritation_Assessment_of_Three_Benzene_Sulfonate_Compounds","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114249281/Dermal_Irritation_Assessment_of_Three_Benzene_Sulfonate_Compounds"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="34375335" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34375335/The_Irritant_Effects_of_Pharmaceutically_Applied_Surfactants">The Irritant Effects of Pharmaceutically Applied Surfactants</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33450160" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SzilviaBerk%C3%B3">Szilvia Berkó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dermal or transdermal medication may lead to irritant contact dermatitis. However, little information is available on the irritant effect of surfactants which are applied in topical formulations. Our aim was to examine the irritant effect of the most frequent compounds in topical products. A murine model was applied. The following compounds were examined: sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), polyethoxylated (40EO) hydrogenated castor oil and sucrose laurate. SLS led to severe erythema, increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and induced necrosis and accumulation of neutrophylic granulocytes and lymphocytes. Exposure to sucrose laurate resulted in an elevation of TEWL, but histology did not reveal impairment of the skin structure. Application of polyethoxylated (40EO) hydrogenated castor oil was not accompanied by tissue damage. Special attention should be paid to the irritant effect of SLS. Polyethoxylated (40EO) hydrogenated castor oil seems to be a non-irritant agent and sucrose laurate is also a promising candidate for application in topical preparations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Irritant Effects of Pharmaceutically Applied Surfactants","attachmentId":54263235,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34375335/The_Irritant_Effects_of_Pharmaceutically_Applied_Surfactants","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34375335/The_Irritant_Effects_of_Pharmaceutically_Applied_Surfactants"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="53113571" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53113571/Skin_irritation_from_air_oxidized_ethoxylated_surfactants">Skin irritation from air‐oxidized ethoxylated surfactants</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37196408" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnthereseKarlberg">Ann-therese Karlberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Contact …, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Surfactants are known to be skin irritants, but change in their irritant potential due to change in composition during handling and storage has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oxidation products on the irritant potential of a nonionic ethoxylated alcohol, C 12 E 5. Pure and oxidized C 12 E 5 were tested, using 2 different patch test procedures; 1 with a single 24 h exposure and 1 with repeated exposures. 18 healthy volunteers participated in each of these studies. Evaluations were made by visual scoring and by measurement of transepidermal water loss and skin blood flow. In the single exposure study, no significant difference in skin irritation was observed between pure C 12 E 5 and a sample of oxidized C 12 E 5 at the concentrations tested (1, 3, 9 and 27%). After repeated exposures, however, the oxidized C 12 E 5 was significantly more irritant than pure C 12 E 5 at the concentrations 9% and 27% (pϽ0.05). Nonionic ethoxylated surfactants are known for their weak skin irritant effect and are, due to this, often included in products with prolonged contact with the skin, i.e., skin care products. An increased irritant potential after oxidation might be of importance due to the conditions of use.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Skin irritation from air‐oxidized ethoxylated surfactants","attachmentId":70052981,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53113571/Skin_irritation_from_air_oxidized_ethoxylated_surfactants","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53113571/Skin_irritation_from_air_oxidized_ethoxylated_surfactants"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="98765419" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98765419/Occupational_Contact_Allergy_and_Dermatitis_from_Methylisothiazolinone_after_Contact_with_Wallcovering_Glue_and_after_a_Chemical_Burn_from_a_Biocide">Occupational Contact Allergy and Dermatitis from Methylisothiazolinone after Contact with Wallcovering Glue and after a Chemical Burn from a Biocide</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32370455" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MagnusBruze">Magnus Bruze</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dermatitis, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Skin exposure to biocides containing high concentrations of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) may cause severe chemical burns and may also induce sensitization. We report two cases in which skin exposure to a newly launched biocide containing 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI) and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one led to sensitization to MI, which in the second case was preceded by a chemical burn. A study was performed to investigate the pattern of reactivity to MCI and MI in two patients who presumably had a primary sensitization to MI and in one patient who had been sensitized to MCI/MI by being patch-tested. The patients were patch-tested with serial dilutions of MCI/MI, MCI, MI, and 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. The first two patients reacted to both MCI/MI and the separate active ingredients, with a higher level of reactivity to MI than to MCI. The third patient reacted to MCI/MI and MCI only. A biocide containing MI caused sensitization and occupational contact dermatitis in the first two patients, through contact with wallpaper glue in one case and after a chemical burn in the other case.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Occupational Contact Allergy and Dermatitis from Methylisothiazolinone after Contact with Wallcovering Glue and after a Chemical Burn from a Biocide","attachmentId":100028097,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98765419/Occupational_Contact_Allergy_and_Dermatitis_from_Methylisothiazolinone_after_Contact_with_Wallcovering_Glue_and_after_a_Chemical_Burn_from_a_Biocide","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98765419/Occupational_Contact_Allergy_and_Dermatitis_from_Methylisothiazolinone_after_Contact_with_Wallcovering_Glue_and_after_a_Chemical_Burn_from_a_Biocide"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="22211344" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22211344/Irritation_effects_from_experimental_exposure_to_n_butyl_acetate">Irritation effects from experimental exposure to n-butyl acetate</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43514157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AllanToomingas">Allan Toomingas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1993</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The irritation produced by acute exposure to n-butyl acetate in human subjects without any history of occupational solvent exposure was studied in three experiments. Ex osure levels tested in the different experiments were 350, 700, 1,050, and 1,400 mg/m In 20 min sessions, 70 and 1,400 mg/m3 in 20 min sessions, and 70 and 700 mg/m3 in 4 h sessions. Rating scales, various measures of eye irritation, and pulmonary functions were used to evaluate the irritation produced by the exposures in different parts of the study. The results indicate only very slight irritation from the exposures as revealed by categorical ratings, magnitude estimation, and some of the clinical measures of eye irritation and pulmonary functions, such as eye redness, lipid layer thickness, and bronchial responsiveness. These essentially negative results indicate the need to explore and develop the utility of newidifferent methods of quantifying irritative effects of exposure to various substances, P. 0 1993 Wiley-Liss. Inc.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Irritation effects from experimental exposure to n-butyl acetate","attachmentId":42865237,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22211344/Irritation_effects_from_experimental_exposure_to_n_butyl_acetate","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22211344/Irritation_effects_from_experimental_exposure_to_n_butyl_acetate"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62840788,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62840788,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_62840788" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/112821726/The_Effect_Of_Cyclohexanone_Exposure_On_Incidence_Of_Irritant_Contact_Dermatitis">The Effect Of Cyclohexanone Exposure On Incidence Of Irritant Contact Dermatitis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31928115" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DewiSoemarko">Dewi Soemarko</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indonesian Journal of Community and Occupational Medicine, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Effect Of Cyclohexanone Exposure On Incidence Of Irritant Contact 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ds2-5-body-xs">Toxicology Letters, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cutaneous toxicity of the benzidine dye direct red 28 applied as mechanistically-defined chemical mixtures (MDCM) in perfused porcine skin","attachmentId":65087628,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44620527/Cutaneous_toxicity_of_the_benzidine_dye_direct_red_28_applied_as_mechanistically_defined_chemical_mixtures_MDCM_in_perfused_porcine_skin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/57087989/3_2_Skin_Irritation_and_Corrosion">3.2. Skin Irritation and Corrosion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37976546" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9rieZuang">Valérie Zuang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Alternatives to Laboratory Animals</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"3.2. 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Chemical Product and Company Identification 24-HOUR EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER: 2. Composition, Information on Ingredients INGREDIENT % VOLUME PEL-OSHA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12853527" href="https://umj.academia.edu/AdeNugraha">Ade Nugraha</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification 24-HOUR EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER: 2. 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