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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أبيمال غوزمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبيمال غوزمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Абимаел Гусман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абимаел Гусман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n_Reynoso" title="Abimael Guzmán Reynoso – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abimael Guzmán Reynoso" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AD%CE%BB_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Αμπιμαέλ Γκουσμάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπιμαέλ Γκουσμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آبیمائل گوسمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبیمائل گوسمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B9%84%EB%A7%88%EC%97%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C" title="아비마엘 구스만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아비마엘 구스만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%93%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="アビマエル・グスマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アビマエル・グスマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гусман, Абимаэль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гусман, Абимаэль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abimael Guzmán" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Абімаель Гусман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абімаель Гусман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿维马埃尔·古斯曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿维马埃尔·古斯曼" 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.hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" class="extiw" title="es:Abimael Guzmán">the corresponding article</a> in Spanish</b>.  <i><small>(June 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Communist Party of Peru</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1969 – 12 September 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Ram%C3%ADrez_(terrorist)" title="Óscar Ramírez (terrorist)">Óscar Ramírez</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1934-12-03</span>)</span>3 December 1934<br /><a href="/wiki/Mollendo" title="Mollendo">Mollendo</a>, Peru</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 September 2021<span style="display:none">(2021-09-11)</span> (aged 86)<br /><a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a>, Peru</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Augusta_La_Torre" title="Augusta La Torre">Augusta La Torre</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1964; died 1988)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elena_Iparraguirre" title="Elena Iparraguirre">Elena Iparraguirre</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1989)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Professor, guerrilla leader</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Comrade Gonzalo, Chairman Gonzalo, Fourth sword of <a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism-Maoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism-Maoism">Marxism-Leninism-Maoism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso_and_the_People%27s_Guerrilla_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso_and_the_People%27s_Guerrilla_Army.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso_and_the_People%27s_Guerrilla_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso_and_the_People%27s_Guerrilla_Army.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso_and_the_People%27s_Guerrilla_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso_and_the_People%27s_Guerrilla_Army.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso_and_the_People%27s_Guerrilla_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Guerrilla_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Guerrilla Army">People's Guerrilla Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Peru">Internal conflict in Peru</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Criminal conviction</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Died in custody</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">Two <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life sentences</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin American Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-419-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[maˈnwel<span class="wrap"> </span>ruˈβen<span class="wrap"> </span>aβimaˈel<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡusˈman<span class="wrap"> </span>rejˈnoso]</a></span>; 3 December 1934 − 11 September 2021<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), also known by his <i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">nom de guerre</a></i> <b>Chairman Gonzalo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Presidente Gonzalo</i>), was a Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> guerrilla leader. He founded the organization <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path</a> (PCP-SL) in 1969 and led a <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Peru">rebellion against the Peruvian government</a> until his capture by authorities on 12 September 1992. He was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment for <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>. </p><p>In the 1960s and 1970s, Guzmán was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> active in <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left politics</a> strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a>. He developed <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">an ideology</a> of armed struggle stressing the empowerment of the Indigenous people.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went underground in the mid-1970s to become the leader of the Shining Path, which began "The People's War" or the "Armed Struggle" on 17 May 1980. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Special:EditPage/Abimael Guzmán">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%22">"Abimael Guzmán"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso was born on 3 December 1934 in <a href="/wiki/Mollendo" title="Mollendo">Mollendo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a port town in the province of <a href="/wiki/Islay_Province" title="Islay Province">Islay</a>, in the region of <a href="/wiki/Arequipa_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Arequipa region">Arequipa</a>, about 1,000 km (620 mi) south of Lima. He was the illegitimate son of a well-off merchant, who had eight children by five different women. Guzmán's mother, Berenice Reynoso, died when he was five.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Maoism" title="Category:Maoism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maoflag1.svg/100px-Maoflag1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maoflag1.svg/150px-Maoflag1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Maoflag1.svg/200px-Maoflag1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antagonistic_contradiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonistic contradiction">Antagonistic contradiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprador" title="Comprador">Comprador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_revolution_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous revolution theory">Continuous revolution theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_line" title="Mass line">Mass line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newborn_socialist_things" title="Newborn socialist things">Newborn socialist things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy" title="New Democracy">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Divides_into_Two" title="One Divides into Two">One Divides into Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_war" title="People's war">People's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probable_defeat" title="Probable defeat">Probable defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation#Use_in_Maoism" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">Revolutionary base area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seek_truth_from_facts" title="Seek truth from facts">Seek truth from facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-criticism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-criticism (Marxism–Leninism)">Self-criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Worlds_Theory" title="Three Worlds Theory">Three Worlds Theory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoism%E2%80%93Third_Worldism" title="Maoism–Third Worldism">Maoism–Third Worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao-spontex" title="Mao-spontex">Mao-spontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Gonzalo Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Prachanda Path</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad" title="Faiz Ahmad">Faiz Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Amin" title="Samir Amin">Samir Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Avakian" title="Bob Avakian">Bob Avakian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Alain Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Baidya" title="Mohan Baidya">Mohan Baidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afzal_Bangash" title="Afzal Bangash">Afzal Bangash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bettelheim" title="Charles Bettelheim">Charles Bettelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biplav" title="Biplav">Biplav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Xilai" title="Bo Xilai">Bo Xilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Boda" title="Chen Boda">Chen Boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Peng" title="Chin Peng">Chin Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Pushpa Kamal Dahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Dutta" title="Saroj Dutta">Saroj Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Gallagher" title="Norm Gallagher">Norm Gallagher</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abimael Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Harry Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)" title="Ted Hill (Australian communist)">Ted Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">George Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Kaypakkaya" title="İbrahim Kaypakkaya">İbrahim Kaypakkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Minqi" title="Li Minqi">Li Minqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charu_Majumdar" title="Charu Majumdar">Charu Majumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mulele" title="Pierre Mulele">Pierre Mulele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Yuanzi" title="Nie Yuanzi">Nie Yuanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Benyu" title="Qi Benyu">Qi Benyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathy_(Maoist)" title="Ganapathy (Maoist)">Muppala Lakshmana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Sanyal_(politician)" title="Narayan Sanyal (politician)">Narayan Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_Sikder" title="Siraj Sikder">Siraj Sikder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen">Wang Hongwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_Yari" title="Akram Yari">Akram Yari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theoretical works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Report_on_an_Investigation_of_the_Peasant_Movement_in_Hunan" title="Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan">Report on an Investigation of the Peasant<br />Movement in Hunan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Contradiction" title="On Contradiction">On Contradiction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Practice" title="On Practice">On Practice</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Guerrilla_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="On Guerrilla Warfare">On Guerrilla Warfare</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Protracted_War" title="On Protracted War">On Protracted War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Major_Relationships" title="Ten Major Relationships">On the Ten Major Relationships</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Correct_Handling_of_Contradictions_Among_the_People" title="On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People">On the Correct Handling of Contradictions<br />Among the People</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Critique_of_Soviet_Economics" title="A Critique of Soviet Economics">A Critique of Soviet Economics</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung" title="Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung">Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Eight_Documents" title="Historic Eight Documents">Historic Eight Documents</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965—1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_the_Headquarters" title="Bombard the Headquarters">Bombard the Headquarters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlers:_The_Mythology_of_the_White_Proletariat" title="Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat">Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #CC0000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_Soviet" title="Jiangxi Soviet">Jiangxi Soviet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%931976)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)">1949–1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1976%E2%80%931989)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)">1976–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1989%E2%80%932002)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1989–2002)">1989–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present)">2002–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maoism_sidebar" title="Template:Maoism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maoism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Maoism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maoism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maoism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At Arequipa, Guzmán completed bachelor's degrees in philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>. His dissertations were titled <i>The Kantian Theory of Space</i> and <i>The Bourgeois Democratic State</i>. In 1962, Guzmán was recruited as a professor of philosophy by the rector of <a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_of_Huamanga_University" title="San Cristóbal of Huamanga University">San Cristóbal of Huamanga University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho" title="Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a>, a city in the central Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>. The rector was <a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_Morote" class="mw-redirect" title="Efraín Morote">Efraín Morote Best</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropologist</a> who some believe later became the true intellectual leader of the "Shining Path movement." Encouraged by Morote, Guzmán studied <a href="/wiki/Quechua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua language">Quechua</a>, the language spoken by Peru's Indigenous population, and became increasingly active in <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> political circles. </p><p>In 1965, Guzman attended a cadre training course in China, returning to Lima and taking a leave of absence from his professorship to focus on party activism. In April 1967, Guzman led his fraction of the PCP to an international meeting in Albania, and would return to China between August and September of that same year. This placed him in China during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, which made a large impression on him.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He attracted several like-minded young academics committed to bringing about revolution in Peru. Guzmán was arrested twice during the 1970s because of his participation in violent riots in the city of Arequipa against the government of presidents <a href="/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado" title="Juan Velasco Alvarado">Velasco Alvarado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Bela%C3%BAnde_Terry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Belaúnde Terry">Belaunde Terry</a>. He visited the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> with his then-wife <a href="/wiki/Augusta_La_Torre" title="Augusta La Torre">Augusta La Torre</a> for the first time in 1965. After serving as the head of personnel for <a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_of_Huamanga_University" title="San Cristóbal of Huamanga University">San Cristóbal of Huamanga University</a>, Guzmán left the institution in the mid-1970s and went underground.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, the Peruvian Communist Party had splintered over ideological and personal disputes. Guzmán, who had taken a pro-Chinese rather than pro-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> line, emerged as the leader of the faction which came to be known as the "Shining Path" (<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">Mariátegui</a> wrote once: "Marxism–Leninism is the shining path of the future").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Guzmán adopted the <i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">nom de guerre</a></i> Presidente or Comrade Gonzalo and began advocating a peasant-led revolution on the Maoist model. His followers declared Guzmán, who cultivated anonymity, to be the "Fourth Sword of Communism" (after <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a>). In his political declarations, Guzmán praised Mao's development of Lenin's thesis regarding "the role of <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>" in propping up the "bourgeois <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalist</a> system". He claimed that imperialism ultimately "creates disruption and is unsuccessful, and it will end up in ruins in the next 50 to 100 years". Guzmán applied this criticism not only to <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> imperialism, but also Soviet imperialism, to what he termed as "<a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">social-imperialism</a>" (in accordance with the Chinese stance after the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In February 1964, he married Augusta La Torre, who was instrumental in founding Shining Path.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died under unclear circumstances in 1988. Guzmán and <a href="/wiki/Elena_Iparraguirre" title="Elena Iparraguirre">Elena Iparraguirre</a>, a long-time lieutenant of Guzmán's and his lover, have both refused to talk about La Torre's fate since their imprisonments. In the fall of 2006, while in prison, Guzmán proposed to Iparraguirre, who is also serving a life sentence in a separate prison. After fighting for the permission to marry with a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a>, the couple wed in late August 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guzmán had long identified with <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He agreed with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> about religion as the "<a href="/wiki/Opium_of_the_people" title="Opium of the people">opium of the people</a>", and viewed it as a "social phenomena product of the exploitation and that will extinguish while exploitation finishes to be swept and a new society arise". However, he pleaded respect for religious diversity and claimed religion would not be an obstacle for the armed struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insurgency">Insurgency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Peru">Internal conflict in Peru</a></div> <p>The Shining Path movement was at first largely confined to academic circles in Peruvian universities. In the late 1970s, however, the movement developed into a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> group centered around <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho" title="Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a>. In May 1980, the group launched its war against the government of Peru by burning the ballot boxes in <a href="/wiki/Chuschi" title="Chuschi">Chuschi</a>, a village near Ayacucho, in an effort to disrupt the first democratic elections in the country since 1964. Shining Path eventually grew to control vast rural territories in central and southern Peru and achieved a presence even in the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, where it staged numerous attacks. The purpose of Shining Path's campaign was to demoralize and undermine the government of Peru in order to create a situation conducive to a violent coup which would put its leaders in power. The Shining Path targeted not only the army and police, but also government employees at all levels, other leftist militants such as members of the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement</a> (MRTA), workers who did not participate in the strikes organized by the group, peasants who cooperated with the government in any way (including by voting in democratic elections), and middle-class inhabitants of Peru's main cities. The <a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(Peru)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a> later estimated that the resulting conflict led to the deaths of some seventy thousand people, approximately half of them at the hands of the Shining Path and a third at the hands of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guzmán's image as a dispassionate murderer became widespread after he moved against the city of Lima. After a series of bombings and selective assassinations the whole nation was shocked in 1992 when a car bomb exploded in one of Lima's busiest commercial districts on <a href="/wiki/Calle_Tarata" title="Calle Tarata">Tarata street</a>, thus causing many casualties and enormous material losses. To his death, Guzmán denied responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Tarata_bombing" title="Tarata bombing">Tarata bombing</a>, claiming it was carried out without his knowledge.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movement promoted the writings of Guzmán, called "<a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Gonzalo Thought</a>", a new "theoretical understanding" that built upon <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a> whereby he declared Maoism to be a "third and higher stage of Marxism," having defined Maoism as "people's war." In 1989, Guzmán declared that the Shining Path (which he referred to as the "Communist Party of Peru") had progressed from waging a people's war to waging a "war of movements." He further argued that this was a step towards achieving "strategic equilibrium" in the near future, based on Maoist theories of waging people's war. Guzmán claimed that such an equilibrium would manifest itself by ungovernability under the "old order." When that moment arrived, Guzmán believed that Shining Path would be ready to move on to its "strategic offensive".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Captura_del_Siglo">The <i>Captura del Siglo</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Captura del Siglo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Victoria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Peru">Internal conflict in Peru</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calle_Varsovia_459.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Calle_Varsovia_459.jpg/325px-Calle_Varsovia_459.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Calle_Varsovia_459.jpg/488px-Calle_Varsovia_459.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Calle_Varsovia_459.jpg/650px-Calle_Varsovia_459.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span><br />459 Varsovia Street, where Guzmán was captured</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>September 12, 1992</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Surquillo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Surquillo District">Surquillo District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Successful operation </p> <ul><li>Decline of the Shining Path, losing control on the coast and jungle of Peru.</li> <li>Persecution of communists in Lima and other departments of Peru.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/DIRCOTE" title="DIRCOTE">DIRCOTE</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Shining Path</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Ketin Vidal</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abimael Guzmán</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sendero_Luminoso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elena_Iparraguirre" title="Elena Iparraguirre">Elena Iparraguirre</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 5 insurgents</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> none</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 5 captured</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1992, during the first administration of President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Directorate_Against_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Directorate Against Terrorism">National Directorate Against Terrorism</a> (DIRCOTE) began surveillance on several residences in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> because agents suspected that terrorists were using them as <a href="/wiki/Safehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Safehouse">safehouses</a>. One of those residences, in the upper-class neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Surco" title="Santiago de Surco">Surco</a>, had been <a href="/wiki/Operation_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Victoria">operating</a> as a ballet studio. The DIRCOTE operatives routinely searched the garbage taken out from the house. The house was supposedly inhabited by only one person, the dance teacher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritza_Garrido_Lecca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritza Garrido Lecca (page does not exist)">Maritza Garrido Lecca</a>, but it was soon noticed that the household produced more garbage than one person could account for. Furthermore, agents found discarded tubes of cream for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, an ailment that Guzmán was known to have.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 September 1992, an elite unit of the DIRCOTE carried out Operation Victoria, raiding the Surco residence.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the second floor of the house, they found and arrested Guzmán and eight others, including Laura Zambrano and Elena Iparraguirre, Guzmán's female companion.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trials_and_imprisonment">Trials and imprisonment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trials and imprisonment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Faceless_court" title="Faceless court">Faceless court</a></div> <p>Guzmán was tried by a <a href="/wiki/Faceless_court" title="Faceless court">court of hooded military judges</a> under provisions of articles 15 and 16 of Law 25475 adopted by Fujimori's government in May 1992 after <a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Peruvian constitutional crisis">April's constitutional crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a three-day trial, Guzmán was sentenced to life imprisonment and incarcerated at the naval base on the island of <a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Island,_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="San Lorenzo Island, Peru">San Lorenzo</a> off the coast of Lima.<sup id="cite_ref-sdpnoticias.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdpnoticias.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, he was said to have negotiated with a presidential advisor at the time, <a href="/wiki/Vladimiro_Montesinos" title="Vladimiro Montesinos">Vladimiro Montesinos</a>, in order to receive some benefits in exchange for helping the Peruvian government put an end to the Shining Path's militant activities. Guzmán appeared several times on Peruvian television and on 1 October 1993, he publicly declared "peace" with the Peruvian government.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This declaration split the Shining Path and raised questions about the organization's future. About 6,000 guerrillas within the party accepted it as a sign of defeat and surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guzmán's re-trial began on 5 November 2004. The international press was held in a sound-proof chamber and all media was banned from observing the trial after the Shining Path cadre turned their backs on the judges and delivered a revolutionary salute to the media gallery. The only words Guzmán spoke in the presence of the international press were "Long live the Communist Party of Peru! Glory to Marxism–Leninism–Maoism! Glory to the Peruvian people! Long live the heroes of the people's war!" After he made this statement, the courtroom microphones were silenced and the press was unable to hear any of the proceedings that followed. When the trial resumed on 12 November, no reporters were allowed to observe the proceedings. Eventually two of the judges recused themselves and the trial ended in chaos. Guzmán's third trial began in September 2005 and was opened and closed amid a <a href="/wiki/Media_blackout" title="Media blackout">media blackout</a>. No reporters were allowed to attend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentence">Sentence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sentence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 October 2006, Guzmán was sentenced to life in prison on charges of aggravated terrorism<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-terrorismmurder_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terrorismmurder-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At his sentencing, three judges read the charges in a verdict that lasted more than six hours.<sup id="cite_ref-terrorismmurder_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terrorismmurder-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Guzmán and his wife Iparraguirre were tried again, for the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Tarata_bombing" title="Tarata bombing">Tarata bombing</a> in Lima in which 25 people died.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 September 2018, he was sentenced to a second life term in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guzmán was incarcerated in the maximum security prison of the naval base of <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a>, the port of Lima, until his death in 2021. Fellow prisoners there include <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Polay" title="Víctor Polay">Víctor Polay</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_Revolutionary_Movement" title="Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement">Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimiro_Montesinos" title="Vladimiro Montesinos">Vladimiro Montesinos</a>, the former head of the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Peru)" title="National Intelligence Service (Peru)">National Intelligence Service</a> who supervised the construction of the prison and served under the President <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sdpnoticias.com_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdpnoticias.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 July 2021, he was attended by medical personnel of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Peru)" title="Ministry of Health (Peru)">Ministry of Health</a> after he refused to eat. He was given blood tests and an ultrasound. A few days later, on 17 July, he was transferred to a hospital for further monitoring. He died on 11 September 2021 at the Maximum Safety Center of the Callao Naval Base, at the age of 86.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guzmán's body was <a href="/wiki/Cremated" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremated">cremated</a> on the dawn of 24 September 2021 and his ashes were <a href="/wiki/Unmarked_grave" title="Unmarked grave">dispersed in a secret location</a> in order to prevent a monument honoring him from being created.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/abimael-gumzan-founder-peruvian-rebel-group-shining-path-dies-2021-09-11/">"Abimael Gumzan, founder of Peruvian terrorist group Shining Path, dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 11 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Abimael+Gumzan%2C+founder+of+Peruvian+terrorist+group+Shining+Path%2C+dies&rft.date=2021-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fabimael-gumzan-founder-peruvian-rebel-group-shining-path-dies-2021-09-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elperuano.pe/noticia/128792-murio-abimael-guzman-cabecilla-de-la-organizacion-terrorista-sendero-luminoso">"Murió Abimael Guzmán, cabecilla de la organización terrorista Sendero Luminoso"</a>. <i>elperuano.pe</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elperuano.pe&rft.atitle=Muri%C3%B3+Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%2C+cabecilla+de+la+organizaci%C3%B3n+terrorista+Sendero+Luminoso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felperuano.pe%2Fnoticia%2F128792-murio-abimael-guzman-cabecilla-de-la-organizacion-terrorista-sendero-luminoso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNash1992" class="citation news cs1">Nash, Nathaniel C. (14 September 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/14/world/blow-to-rebels-in-peru-an-elusive-aura-is-lost.html">"Blow to Rebels in Peru: An Elusive Aura Is Lost"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Blow+to+Rebels+in+Peru%3A+An+Elusive+Aura+Is+Lost&rft.date=1992-09-14&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F09%2F14%2Fworld%2Fblow-to-rebels-in-peru-an-elusive-aura-is-lost.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinzer2021" class="citation news cs1">Kinzer, Stephen (11 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/11/obituaries/abimael-guzman-leader-of-guerrilla-group-that-terrorized-peru-dies-at-86.html">"Abimael Guzmán, Leader of Guerrilla Group That Terrorized Peru, Dies at 86"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%2C+Leader+of+Guerrilla+Group+That+Terrorized+Peru%2C+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2021-09-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kinzer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F11%2Fobituaries%2Fabimael-guzman-leader-of-guerrilla-group-that-terrorized-peru-dies-at-86.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2011" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Gus (15 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I_jh4VBi_HYC&q=Berenice+Reynoso+Guzman&pg=PA520"><i>The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition</i></a>. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412980166" title="Special:BookSources/9781412980166"><bdi>9781412980166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SAGE+Encyclopedia+of+Terrorism%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft.isbn=9781412980166&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Gus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI_jh4VBi_HYC%26q%3DBerenice%2BReynoso%2BGuzman%26pg%3DPA520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Rothwell - Transpacific Revolutionaries: The Chinese Revolution in Latin America-Routledge (2013) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothwell2013" class="citation book cs1">Rothwell, Matthew (17 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LAxJTSp0pHcC"><i>Transpacific Revolutionaries: The Chinese Revolution in Latin America</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135135898" title="Special:BookSources/9781135135898"><bdi>9781135135898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transpacific+Revolutionaries%3A+The+Chinese+Revolution+in+Latin+America&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft.isbn=9781135135898&rft.aulast=Rothwell&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLAxJTSp0pHcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626120820/http://libcom.org/history/women%E2%80%99s-popular-movement-shining-path-contradictions-patriarchal-women%E2%80%99s-emancipation">"Women's popular movement and the Shining Path: The contradictions of patriarchal women's emancipation"</a>. <i>libcom.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/history/women%25E2%2580%2599s-popular-movement-shining-path-contradictions-patriarchal-women%25E2%2580%2599s-emancipation">the original</a> on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libcom.org&rft.atitle=Women%27s+popular+movement+and+the+Shining+Path%3A+The+contradictions+of+patriarchal+women%27s+emancipation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Fhistory%2Fwomen%2525E2%252580%252599s-popular-movement-shining-path-contradictions-patriarchal-women%2525E2%252580%252599s-emancipation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=14095&ArticleId=200941">"Bloody Peruvian terrorist also had fuzzy side"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004024826/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=14095&ArticleId=200941">Archived</a> 4 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Latin American Herald Tribune</i>, 2008, Retrieved 6 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11045251">"Peru's Shining Path rebel leaders marry"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Peru%27s+Shining+Path+rebel+leaders+marry&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-11045251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exitosanoticias.pe/crespo-abimael-se-ha-planteado-asumir-responsabilidad-politica/">"¿Indulto para líder de SL? - Crespo: Abimael se ha planteado asumir su responsabilidad política"</a>. 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BFIndulto+para+l%C3%ADder+de+SL%3F+-+Crespo%3A+Abimael+se+ha+planteado+asumir+su+responsabilidad+pol%C3%ADtica&rft.date=2017-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexitosanoticias.pe%2Fcrespo-abimael-se-ha-planteado-asumir-responsabilidad-politica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solrojo.org/pcp_doc/pcp_0688.htm">"Entrevista al Presidente Gonzalo"</a>. <i>www.solrojo.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.solrojo.org&rft.atitle=Entrevista+al+Presidente+Gonzalo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solrojo.org%2Fpcp_doc%2Fpcp_0688.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peru.com/noticias/idocs/2003/8/29/DetalleDocumento_97139.asp">LOS NÚMEROS DE LA VIOLENCIA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041023020521/http://peru.com/noticias/idocs/2003/8/29/DetalleDocumento_97139.asp">Archived</a> 23 October 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 29 August 2003, peru.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru-shiningpath-trial-idUSKCN1LR2PL">"Founder of Peru Shining Path rebellion given second life sentence"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 11 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Founder+of+Peru+Shining+Path+rebellion+given+second+life+sentence&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-peru-shiningpath-trial-idUSKCN1LR2PL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2005" class="citation news cs1">McDermott, Jeremy (5 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/peru/1500057/Ballerina-hid-brutal-terrorist-chief.html">"Ballerina hid brutal terrorist chief"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ballerina+hid+brutal+terrorist+chief&rft.date=2005-10-05&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fsouthamerica%2Fperu%2F1500057%2FBallerina-hid-brutal-terrorist-chief.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1992/09/20/internacional/716940017_850215.html">"Abimael Guzmán desafió a sus captores al ser detenido en Lima"</a>. <i>El Paais</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. EFE. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RPP&rft.atitle=Muri%C3%B3+Abimael+Guzm%C3%A1n%2C+cabecilla+del+grupo+terrorista+Sendero+Luminoso&rft.date=2021-09-11&rft.aulast=Arango&rft.aufirst=Melissa+Barrenechea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frpp.pe%2Fpolitica%2Factualidad%2Fmurio-abimael-guzman-cabecilla-del-grupo-terrorista-sendero-luminoso-noticia-1348681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-24/ashes-of-peru-s-bloodiest-terrorist-scattered-in-secret-location">"Ashes of Peru's Most Murderous Terrorist Scattered in Secret Location"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg.com">Bloomberg.com</a></i>. 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Ashes+of+Peru%27s+Most+Murderous+Terrorist+Scattered+in+Secret+Location&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-09-24%2Fashes-of-peru-s-bloodiest-terrorist-scattered-in-secret-location&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbimael+Guzm%C3%A1n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Koppel, Martin. <i>Peru's 'Shining Path' Evolution of a Stalinist Sect</i> (1994)</li> <li>Lovell, Julia. <i>Maoism: A Global History</i> (2019) pp 306–346 on Peru.</li> <li>Palmer, David Scott. ed. <i>The Shining Path of Peru</i> (2nd ed 1994) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Shining-Path-Peru-NA-1994-09-15/dp/B01K17EEX0/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Starn, Orin. "Maoism in the Andes: The Communist Party of Peru-Shining Path and the refusal of history." <i>Journal of Latin American Studies</i> 27.2 (1995): 399–421. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umass.edu/legal/Benavides/Fall2005/397U/Readings%20Legal%20397U/8%20Orin%20Starn.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maoism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Antagonistic_contradiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonistic contradiction">Antagonistic contradiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" title="Anti-revisionism (Marxism–Leninism)">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprador" title="Comprador">Comprador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Revolution_Theory" title="Continuous Revolution Theory">Continuous Revolution Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_line" title="Mass line">Mass line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newborn_socialist_things" title="Newborn socialist things">Newborn socialist things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy" title="New Democracy">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Divides_into_Two" title="One Divides into Two">One Divides into Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_war" title="People's war">People's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probable_defeat" title="Probable defeat">Probable defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation#Use_in_Maoism" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">Revolutionary base area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seek_truth_from_facts" title="Seek truth from facts">Seek truth from facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_and_self-criticism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" title="Criticism and self-criticism (Marxism–Leninism)">Self-criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Worlds_Theory" title="Three Worlds Theory">Three Worlds Theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoism%E2%80%93Third_Worldism" title="Maoism–Third Worldism">Maoism–Third Worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao-spontex" title="Mao-spontex">Mao-spontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Gonzalo Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Prachanda Path</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad" title="Faiz Ahmad">Faiz Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Amin" title="Samir Amin">Samir Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Avakian" title="Bob Avakian">Bob Avakian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Alain Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Baidya" title="Mohan Baidya">Mohan Baidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afzal_Bangash" title="Afzal Bangash">Afzal Bangash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bettelheim" title="Charles Bettelheim">Charles Bettelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biplav" title="Biplav">Biplav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Xilai" title="Bo Xilai">Bo Xilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Boda" title="Chen Boda">Chen Boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Peng" title="Chin Peng">Chin Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Pushpa Kamal Dahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Dutta" title="Saroj Dutta">Saroj Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Gallagher" title="Norm Gallagher">Norm Gallagher</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abimael Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Harry Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)" title="Ted Hill (Australian communist)">Ted Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Kaypakkaya" title="İbrahim Kaypakkaya">İbrahim Kaypakkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Minqi" title="Li Minqi">Li Minqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charu_Majumdar" title="Charu Majumdar">Charu Majumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mulele" title="Pierre Mulele">Pierre Mulele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Yuanzi" title="Nie Yuanzi">Nie Yuanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Benyu" title="Qi Benyu">Qi Benyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathy_(Maoist)" title="Ganapathy (Maoist)">Muppala Lakshmana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Sanyal_(politician)" title="Narayan Sanyal (politician)">Narayan Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_Sikder" title="Siraj Sikder">Siraj Sikder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen">Wang Hongwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_Yari" title="Akram Yari">Akram Yari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Rubaya_Ali" title="Salim Rubaya Ali">Salmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theoretical<br />works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Report_on_an_Investigation_of_the_Peasant_Movement_in_Hunan" title="Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan">Report on an Investigation of the Peasant<br />Movement in Hunan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Contradiction" title="On Contradiction">On Contradiction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Practice" title="On Practice">On Practice</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Guerrilla_Warfare_(Mao_Zedong_book)" title="On Guerrilla Warfare (Mao Zedong book)">On Guerrilla Warfare</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Protracted_War" title="On Protracted War">On Protracted War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Major_Relationships" title="Ten Major Relationships">On the Ten Major Relationships</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Correct_Handling_of_Contradictions_Among_the_People" title="On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People">On the Correct Handling of Contradictions<br />Among the People</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Critique_of_Soviet_Economics" title="A Critique of Soviet Economics">A Critique of Soviet Economics</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung" title="Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung">Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Eight_Documents" title="Historic Eight Documents">Historic Eight Documents</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965—1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_the_Headquarters" title="Bombard the Headquarters">Bombard the Headquarters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlers:_The_Mythology_of_the_White_Proletariat" title="Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat">Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_Soviet" title="Jiangxi Soviet">Jiangxi Soviet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%931976)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)">1949–1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1976%E2%80%931989)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)">1976–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1989%E2%80%932002)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1989–2002)">1989–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present)">2002–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries" title="Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries">Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Black power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_May_Notification" title="16 May Notification">16 May Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_August" title="Red August">Red August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_to_the_Countryside_Movement" title="Down to the Countryside Movement">Down to the Countryside Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_movement" title="New Communist movement">New Communist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naxalbari_uprising" title="Naxalbari uprising">Naxalbari uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Mao_Zedong" title="Death and state funeral of Mao Zedong">Death and funeral of Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Whatevers" title="Two Whatevers">Two Whatevers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_model" title="Chongqing model">Chongqing model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_of_the_Philippines" title="National Democratic Front of the Philippines">National Democratic Front of the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkey/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" title="Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist">Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Maoist)" title="Communist Party of India (Maoist)">Communist Party of India (Maoist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_East_Bengal" title="Proletarian Party of East Bengal">Proletarian Party of East Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Burma" title="Communist Party of Burma">Communist Party of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ecuador_%E2%80%93_Red_Sun" title="Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun">Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serve_the_People_(Norway)" title="Serve the People (Norway)">Serve the People – Communist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement" title="Revolutionary Internationalist Movement">Revolutionary Internationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_(Maoist)_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan">Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Parties_and_Organizations_(International_Newsletter)" title="International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)">International Conference of Marxist–Leninist<br />Parties and Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_League_(Maoist)" title="International Communist League (Maoist)">International Communist League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">Anarchism in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-character_poster" title="Big-character poster">Big-character poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism_in_China" title="Left communism in China">Left communism in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Mao Zedong's cult of personality">Mao's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjie" title="Nanjie">Nanjie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">National communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Philippines)" title="National Democracy (Philippines)">National Democracy Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalism" title="Naxalism">Naxalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Left" title="Chinese New Left">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left_in_Japan" title="New Left in Japan">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Over_China" title="Red Star Over China">Red Star Over China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_reform_in_China" title="Thought reform in China">Thought reform in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11433258?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11897999X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11897999X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/125965982">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dz1jr2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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.sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Abimael Guzmán</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Abimael Guzmán">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" class="extiw" title="q:Abimael Guzmán">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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