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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Indian Government and Politics</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">8,787 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Indian Government and Politics</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Indian_Government_and_Politics">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35224195" data-work_id="35224195" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35224195/Social_Justice_through_Inclusion_The_Consequences_of_Electoral_Quotas_in_India">Social Justice through Inclusion: The Consequences of Electoral Quotas in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Across the world, governments design and implement policies with the explicit goal of promoting social justice. But can such institutions change entrenched social norms? And what effects should we expect from differently designed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35224195" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Across the world, governments design and implement policies with the explicit goal of promoting social justice. But can such institutions change entrenched social norms? And what effects should we expect from differently designed policies? This book is an empirically rich study of one of the most extensive electoral quota systems in the world: the reserved seats for the Scheduled Castes (SCs, the former “untouchables”) in India’s legislative assemblies. Combining evidence from extensive quantitative datasets, archival work, and in-depth interviews with politicians, civil servants, activists, and voters across India, the book explores the long-term effects of electoral quotas for the political elite and the general population. It shows that the quotas for SCs have played an important role in improving social justice for SCs in some ways, primarily by weakening the status hierarchy associated with the caste system. The extent and nature of the gains in social justice have not, however, been what all advocates of these quotas had expected or hoped for. This is a study of India, but the findings and discussions have broader implications. Policies such as quotas are usually supported with arguments about various assumed positive long-term consequences. The nuanced discussions in this book shed light on the trade-offs inherent in how these policies are designed, and lays the groundwork for a comparative research agenda on the politics of inclusion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35224195" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18ce6d7cba911b9f52ddc6c3c25d9c00" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55083887,"asset_id":35224195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55083887/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22229622" href="https://uio.academia.edu/FrancescaJensenius">Francesca R Jensenius</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22229622" type="text/json">{"id":22229622,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Jensenius","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"FrancescaJensenius","display_name":"Francesca R Jensenius","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/FrancescaJensenius?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22229622/6838463/11044649/s65_francesca.jensenius.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35224195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35224195"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35224195, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35224195", }); 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But can such institutions change entrenched social norms? And what effects should we expect from differently designed policies? This book is an empirically rich study of one of the most extensive electoral quota systems in the world: the reserved seats for the Scheduled Castes (SCs, the former “untouchables”) in India’s legislative assemblies. Combining evidence from extensive quantitative datasets, archival work, and in-depth interviews with politicians, civil servants, activists, and voters across India, the book explores the long-term effects of electoral quotas for the political elite and the general population. It shows that the quotas for SCs have played an important role in improving social justice for SCs in some ways, primarily by weakening the status hierarchy associated with the caste system. The extent and nature of the gains in social justice have not, however, been what all advocates of these quotas had expected or hoped for. This is a study of India, but the findings and discussions have broader implications. Policies such as quotas are usually supported with arguments about various assumed positive long-term consequences. The nuanced discussions in this book shed light on the trade-offs inherent in how these policies are designed, and lays the groundwork for a comparative research agenda on the politics of inclusion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55083887,"asset_id":35224195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22229622,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Jensenius","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"FrancescaJensenius","display_name":"Francesca R Jensenius","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/FrancescaJensenius?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22229622/6838463/11044649/s65_francesca.jensenius.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":12626,"name":"Electoral Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electoral_Systems?f_ri=69711"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":30160,"name":"Minority Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Rights?f_ri=69711"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":94804,"name":"Gender Quotas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Quotas?f_ri=69711"},{"id":146119,"name":"Dalits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalits?f_ri=69711"},{"id":328363,"name":"Dalits in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalits_in_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":483735,"name":"government schemes for Scheduled Castes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/government_schemes_for_Scheduled_Castes?f_ri=69711"},{"id":550890,"name":"Dalits and Adivasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalits_and_Adivasis?f_ri=69711"},{"id":997253,"name":"Representation and Quotas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation_and_Quotas?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1146636,"name":"Scheduled Castes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scheduled_Castes?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41219452" data-work_id="41219452" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41219452/Ideas_and_Policy_Paradigms_Explaining_the_Fall_of_Welfare_Politics_in_West_Bengal">Ideas and Policy Paradigms: Explaining the Fall of Welfare Politics in West Bengal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Why does the state sometimes provide welfare and sometimes not? Why is it able to promote competition on some occasions and not others? We argue that a critical variable in this process is the way the state thinks. State capacity is also... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41219452" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Why does the state sometimes provide welfare and sometimes not? Why is it able to promote competition on some occasions and not others? We argue that a critical variable in this process is the way the state thinks. State capacity is also a product of the relationship between bureaucratic or technocratic elite and political will. We demonstrate this conjecture by exploring the political economy of welfare under the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPIM) in West Bengal. We empirically demonstrate that CPIM in West Ben-gal has shifted its ideology from welfare to trickle down. The paper argues for the salience of ideation within the state and the kinds of synergies that exist between the bureaucracy and the political class in the implementation of such policies. The failure of CPIM in West Bengal can be likened to a tipping point evident in the gradual evolution of trickle-down economics over redistribution as an ideology of governance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41219452" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="871bdce25e8e3cb859e6f36990e6c97d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61454157,"asset_id":41219452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61454157/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1088966" href="https://ipl2013t-20.academia.edu/HimanshuJha">Himanshu Jha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1088966" type="text/json">{"id":1088966,"first_name":"Himanshu","last_name":"Jha","domain_name":"ipl2013t-20","page_name":"HimanshuJha","display_name":"Himanshu Jha","profile_url":"https://ipl2013t-20.academia.edu/HimanshuJha?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1088966/378041/31487876/s65_himanshu.jha.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41219452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41219452"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41219452, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41219452", }); 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Why is it able to promote competition on some occasions and not others? We argue that a critical variable in this process is the way the state thinks. State capacity is also a product of the relationship between bureaucratic or technocratic elite and political will. We demonstrate this conjecture by exploring the political economy of welfare under the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPIM) in West Bengal. We empirically demonstrate that CPIM in West Ben-gal has shifted its ideology from welfare to trickle down. The paper argues for the salience of ideation within the state and the kinds of synergies that exist between the bureaucracy and the political class in the implementation of such policies. The failure of CPIM in West Bengal can be likened to a tipping point evident in the gradual evolution of trickle-down economics over redistribution as an ideology of governance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61454157,"asset_id":41219452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1088966,"first_name":"Himanshu","last_name":"Jha","domain_name":"ipl2013t-20","page_name":"HimanshuJha","display_name":"Himanshu Jha","profile_url":"https://ipl2013t-20.academia.edu/HimanshuJha?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1088966/378041/31487876/s65_himanshu.jha.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2727,"name":"Welfare State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":62217,"name":"Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideas?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":168785,"name":"West Bengal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Bengal?f_ri=69711"},{"id":363009,"name":"Sub-National","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sub-National?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50355312" data-work_id="50355312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50355312/The_absent_dialogue_politicians_bureaucrats_and_the_military_in_India">The absent dialogue: politicians, bureaucrats, and the military in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50355312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e5f4662fdd22e1f4ce1af744c774148" rel="nofollow" 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Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Comparative_Government_Political_Systems_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":355567,"name":"Political Science and public administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science_and_public_administration-1?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39778906" data-work_id="39778906" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39778906/Fiscal_Rules_and_Fiscal_Councils_Why_Do_We_Need_Them">Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils: Why Do We Need Them</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To bring in transparency, predictability and credibility into our public financial management system, we urgently need appropriate fiscal rules and fiscal councils. These are the mechanisms that promote fiscal and macroeconomic stability.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39778906" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To bring in transparency, predictability and credibility into our public financial management system, we urgently need appropriate fiscal rules and fiscal councils. These are the mechanisms that promote fiscal and macroeconomic stability. They create an architecture that will effectively inoculate the economy against unforeseen risks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39778906" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fee802aed1be9f64bb18e47fcf79f28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59963220,"asset_id":39778906,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59963220/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10690385" href="https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee">Govind Bhattacharjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10690385" type="text/json">{"id":10690385,"first_name":"Govind","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","domain_name":"nifm","page_name":"GovindBhattacharjee","display_name":"Govind Bhattacharjee","profile_url":"https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10690385/3920733/10265716/s65_govind.bhattacharjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39778906 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39778906"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39778906, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39778906", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39778906]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39778906").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39778906").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39778906"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="741" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance">Public Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="741" type="text/json">{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiscal_Policy_and_debt_Management">Fiscal Policy and debt Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28439" type="text/json">{"id":28439,"name":"Fiscal Policy and debt Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiscal_Policy_and_debt_Management?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39778906]'), work: {"id":39778906,"title":"Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils: Why Do We Need Them","created_at":"2019-07-08T23:25:08.183-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39778906/Fiscal_Rules_and_Fiscal_Councils_Why_Do_We_Need_Them?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_39778906","summary":"To bring in transparency, predictability and credibility into our public financial management system, we urgently need appropriate fiscal rules and fiscal councils. These are the mechanisms that promote fiscal and macroeconomic stability. They create an architecture that will effectively inoculate the economy against unforeseen risks. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59963220,"asset_id":39778906,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10690385,"first_name":"Govind","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","domain_name":"nifm","page_name":"GovindBhattacharjee","display_name":"Govind Bhattacharjee","profile_url":"https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10690385/3920733/10265716/s65_govind.bhattacharjee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":28439,"name":"Fiscal Policy and debt Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiscal_Policy_and_debt_Management?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":286033,"name":"Indian Public Finance and Political Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Public_Finance_and_Political_Systems?f_ri=69711"},{"id":499204,"name":"Indian Financial System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Financial_System?f_ri=69711"},{"id":863679,"name":"Indian Administration and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Administration_and_Governance?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17609097" data-work_id="17609097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17609097/Flood_in_Assam_Isnt_it_a_National_Disaster">Flood in Assam: Isn't it a National Disaster?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Due to floods, Assam has suffered a loss of Rs 3,100 crore in the past five decades. Official estimates show that since 1954, various government agencies have completed as many as 631 flood control schemes and constructed about 4,458 km... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17609097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Due to floods, Assam has suffered a loss of Rs 3,100 crore in the past five decades. Official estimates show that since 1954, various government agencies have completed as many as 631 flood control schemes and constructed about 4,458 km long dykes along the major rivers across the state. In order to protect a total of 31 lakh hectares of vulnerable land, which has been identified by the National Flood Commission, only 16 lakh hectares could be protected from floods in 53 years. Official records say that total loss in the early 80s was about Rs 228 crore. And it has been gradually increasing with every passing year.<br />To remove the backwardness of the region, tackling the flood menace is a must. Otherwise, all efforts to bring northeast at par with other mainland states will come to a naught.<br />The question is when Assamese will see a permanent solution to the problem they have come to live with as long as they can remember. "I do not know", replies chief minister Tarun Gogoi. The key to the solution is with the Centre, according to him. Assam government cannot tackle the flood menace on its own. Its resources are meager. It doesn’t have enough money to pay the salaries to its staff. And the debt burden is Rs. 10,000 crore plus. Flood problem is gigantic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17609097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="efa88d86091b8c19b77f952038aeeae2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39610641,"asset_id":17609097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39610641/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="106966" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MBQasmi">Muhammad Burhanuddin Qasmi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="106966" type="text/json">{"id":106966,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Burhanuddin Qasmi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBQasmi","display_name":"Muhammad Burhanuddin Qasmi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBQasmi?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/106966/29370/39154624/s65_muhammad.burhanuddin_qasmi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17609097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17609097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17609097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17609097", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17609097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17609097").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17609097").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17609097"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16944" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northeast_India">Northeast India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16944" type="text/json">{"id":16944,"name":"Northeast India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northeast_India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Disasters">Natural Disasters</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42234" type="text/json">{"id":42234,"name":"Natural Disasters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Disasters?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77301" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assam">Assam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77301" type="text/json">{"id":77301,"name":"Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assam?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17609097]'), work: {"id":17609097,"title":"Flood in Assam: Isn't it a National Disaster?","created_at":"2015-11-02T05:53:18.448-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17609097/Flood_in_Assam_Isnt_it_a_National_Disaster?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_17609097","summary":"Due to floods, Assam has suffered a loss of Rs 3,100 crore in the past five decades. Official estimates show that since 1954, various government agencies have completed as many as 631 flood control schemes and constructed about 4,458 km long dykes along the major rivers across the state. In order to protect a total of 31 lakh hectares of vulnerable land, which has been identified by the National Flood Commission, only 16 lakh hectares could be protected from floods in 53 years. Official records say that total loss in the early 80s was about Rs 228 crore. And it has been gradually increasing with every passing year.\nTo remove the backwardness of the region, tackling the flood menace is a must. Otherwise, all efforts to bring northeast at par with other mainland states will come to a naught.\nThe question is when Assamese will see a permanent solution to the problem they have come to live with as long as they can remember. \"I do not know\", replies chief minister Tarun Gogoi. The key to the solution is with the Centre, according to him. Assam government cannot tackle the flood menace on its own. Its resources are meager. It doesn’t have enough money to pay the salaries to its staff. And the debt burden is Rs. 10,000 crore plus. Flood problem is gigantic. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39610641,"asset_id":17609097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":106966,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Burhanuddin Qasmi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBQasmi","display_name":"Muhammad Burhanuddin Qasmi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBQasmi?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/106966/29370/39154624/s65_muhammad.burhanuddin_qasmi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16944,"name":"Northeast India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northeast_India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":42234,"name":"Natural Disasters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Disasters?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":77301,"name":"Assam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assam?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":416721,"name":"State Politics, Politics of the North east India, Indian Government and Politics and Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Politics_Politics_of_the_North_east_India_Indian_Government_and_Politics_and_Political_Theor?f_ri=69711"},{"id":2201067,"name":"Floods in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Floods_in_India?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74009964" data-work_id="74009964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74009964/Urban_Governance_in_India_and_China_A_Comparative_View">Urban Governance in India and China: A Comparative View</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The pace of urbanisation in India and China has, of late, been rapid. This raises concerns over urban governance in both countries. While urban governance in India is supposed to take place according to the 74th Amendment to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74009964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The pace of urbanisation in India and China has, of late, been rapid. This raises concerns over urban governance in both countries. While urban governance in India is supposed to take place according to the 74th Amendment to the Constitution, in China, it is largely led, guided, and experimented upon by the Chinese Communist Party. With these aspects in view, this article looks at the extent to which urban governments in these countries have been moving from traditional government to network governance. What are the roles of state, civil society, and markets in the emerging scenario of urban governance so defined? The task of moving towards 'governance' is incomplete in both countries. While urban governance and urban civil societies are weak in India, markets are strong; whereas, in China, the urban government is strong while markets and civil society are weak. There is still a long way for both countries to go towards networked governance in urban areas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74009964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06d59d665c6d758447af7ddd0f78e6cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82318620,"asset_id":74009964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82318620/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="796972" href="https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar">Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="796972" type="text/json">{"id":796972,"first_name":"Professor Anil Kumar","last_name":"Vaddiraju","domain_name":"isec","page_name":"httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar","display_name":"Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74009964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74009964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74009964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74009964", }); 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This raises concerns over urban governance in both countries. While urban governance in India is supposed to take place according to the 74th Amendment to the Constitution, in China, it is largely led, guided, and experimented upon by the Chinese Communist Party. With these aspects in view, this article looks at the extent to which urban governments in these countries have been moving from traditional government to network governance. What are the roles of state, civil society, and markets in the emerging scenario of urban governance so defined? The task of moving towards 'governance' is incomplete in both countries. While urban governance and urban civil societies are weak in India, markets are strong; whereas, in China, the urban government is strong while markets and civil society are weak. There is still a long way for both countries to go towards networked governance in urban areas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82318620,"asset_id":74009964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":796972,"first_name":"Professor Anil Kumar","last_name":"Vaddiraju","domain_name":"isec","page_name":"httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar","display_name":"Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":32680,"name":"Urban Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Governance?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":39903,"name":"Indian political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_political_economy?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":41714,"name":"Indian Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Sociology?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":166109,"name":"Chinese urbanisation, rural-urban migrations, informal settlements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_urbanisation_rural-urban_migrations_informal_settlements?f_ri=69711"},{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":219014,"name":"Chinese political economic 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Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":304470,"name":"Political science and sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_science_and_sociology?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74576871" data-work_id="74576871" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74576871/Modernity_and_Democracy_in_India">Modernity and Democracy in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modernity and Democracy in India Anil Kumar Vaddiraju Abstract Modernity and democracy are products of a dual revolution in Europe: The industrial revolution and the French revolution. Modernity is followed by liberal democracy. We in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74576871" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modernity and Democracy in India Anil Kumar Vaddiraju Abstract Modernity and democracy are products of a dual revolution in Europe: The industrial revolution and the French revolution. Modernity is followed by liberal democracy. We in India have adopted the principles of these two revolutions, (and more, we even hoped for a vague socialism), into the theory and practice of our democracy. However, of the principles of the two revolutions, the political principles of the French revolution, liberty, equality and fraternity, however internally contradictory in a capitalist society, have been postulated without the accompanying industrial revolution and development. The situation is that we have provided for ourselves political rights and democracy without providing accompanying means to realize them. Certainly, the unresolved agrarian question, slow pace of industrial development and distorted economic growth of the service sector, have all led to the nature of economic development that is not symmetrical or equally poised with political democracy and rights. Since democracy overwhelms economy, hence the calls to foreshorten the democratic principles and practice. The consequent result is the present political development of nationalism and authoritarian populism. In this paper, I would like to argue that as long as capitalism in India remains backward to a large extent, in agriculture and industry, and as long as the distorted development continues, we will be stuck with the impasse of backward looking nationalism and authoritarian populism. In sum, the current impasse is a product of achieving political modernity and a superstructure without its accompanying economic basis. Also, the state in the early post-colonial days had the commitment and faith in India towards both democracy and modernity. The state had taken upon itself the task of fostering the faith in modernity and democracy. Such a commitment on the part of the state, towards modernity and democracy, is now doubtful.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74576871" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="796972" href="https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar">Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="796972" type="text/json">{"id":796972,"first_name":"Professor Anil Kumar","last_name":"Vaddiraju","domain_name":"isec","page_name":"httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar","display_name":"Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74576871 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74576871"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74576871, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74576871", }); 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Modernity is followed by liberal democracy. We in India have adopted the principles of these two revolutions, (and more, we even hoped for a vague socialism), into the theory and practice of our democracy. However, of the principles of the two revolutions, the political principles of the French revolution, liberty, equality and fraternity, however internally contradictory in a capitalist society, have been postulated without the accompanying industrial revolution and development. The situation is that we have provided for ourselves political rights and democracy without providing accompanying means to realize them. Certainly, the unresolved agrarian question, slow pace of industrial development and distorted economic growth of the service sector, have all led to the nature of economic development that is not symmetrical or equally poised with political democracy and rights. Since democracy overwhelms economy, hence the calls to foreshorten the democratic principles and practice. The consequent result is the present political development of nationalism and authoritarian populism. In this paper, I would like to argue that as long as capitalism in India remains backward to a large extent, in agriculture and industry, and as long as the distorted development continues, we will be stuck with the impasse of backward looking nationalism and authoritarian populism. In sum, the current impasse is a product of achieving political modernity and a superstructure without its accompanying economic basis. Also, the state in the early post-colonial days had the commitment and faith in India towards both democracy and modernity. The state had taken upon itself the task of fostering the faith in modernity and democracy. Such a commitment on the part of the state, towards modernity and democracy, is now doubtful.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":796972,"first_name":"Professor Anil Kumar","last_name":"Vaddiraju","domain_name":"isec","page_name":"httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar","display_name":"Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity?f_ri=69711"},{"id":15702,"name":"Modern Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Indian_History?f_ri=69711"},{"id":41714,"name":"Indian Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Sociology?f_ri=69711"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":995653,"name":"Indian Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Modernity?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33788381" data-work_id="33788381" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33788381/Understanding_the_Importance_of_a_National_Legislation_for_Refugee_Protection_in_India">Understanding the Importance of a National Legislation for Refugee Protection in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">India is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Convention on Refugees or it's Protocol of 1967. There is also no uniform national legislation that caters to the well being of refugees in India. Policies adopted for refugee welfare in India are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33788381" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">India is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Convention on Refugees or it's Protocol of 1967. There is also no uniform national legislation that caters to the well being of refugees in India. Policies adopted for refugee welfare in India are usually ad-hoc in nature, their implementation depending entirely on the whims and fancies of the political parties in power.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33788381" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05e010e9e0ff28c09cb1852017d944cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53776228,"asset_id":33788381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53776228/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="854072" href="https://caluniv.academia.edu/ShreyaSen">Sreya Sen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="854072" type="text/json">{"id":854072,"first_name":"Sreya","last_name":"Sen","domain_name":"caluniv","page_name":"ShreyaSen","display_name":"Sreya Sen","profile_url":"https://caluniv.academia.edu/ShreyaSen?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/854072/303909/112533606/s65_shreya.sen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33788381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33788381"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33788381, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33788381", }); 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There is also no uniform national legislation that caters to the well being of refugees in India. Policies adopted for refugee welfare in India are usually ad-hoc in nature, their implementation depending entirely on the whims and fancies of the political parties in power.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53776228,"asset_id":33788381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":854072,"first_name":"Sreya","last_name":"Sen","domain_name":"caluniv","page_name":"ShreyaSen","display_name":"Sreya Sen","profile_url":"https://caluniv.academia.edu/ShreyaSen?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/854072/303909/112533606/s65_shreya.sen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":17808,"name":"International Refugee Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Refugee_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5186622" data-work_id="5186622" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5186622/Review_of_Niraja_Gopal_Jayal_ed_Democracy_in_India_Journal_of_Asian_Studies_61_4_November_2002">Review of Niraja Gopal Jayal (ed.) Democracy in India Journal of Asian Studies (61) 4 November, 2002.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5186622" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8c6428747156065a6b1256a26e85074" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32375421,"asset_id":5186622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32375421/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5947510" href="https://bard.academia.edu/SanjibBaruah">Sanjib Baruah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5947510" type="text/json">{"id":5947510,"first_name":"Sanjib","last_name":"Baruah","domain_name":"bard","page_name":"SanjibBaruah","display_name":"Sanjib Baruah","profile_url":"https://bard.academia.edu/SanjibBaruah?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5947510/5630080/36080361/s65_sanjib.baruah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5186622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5186622"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5186622, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5186622", }); 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He served in various key positions in the Police service of Andhra Pradesh. He wrote this memoir after retirement from IPS service, based on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25052490" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book is written is by the former Indian Police Service (IPS) cadre officer Mr H J Dora. He served in various key positions in the Police service of Andhra Pradesh. He wrote this memoir after retirement from IPS service, based on exposure which he had personally with the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) founder and former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (NTR). Mr Dora occupied various positions in the Andhra Pradesh State like</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25052490" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66ca20fc4088c7dd5573f2fbc77a6e2e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45374792,"asset_id":25052490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45374792/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="821232" href="https://uohyd.academia.edu/SSwaroopSirapangi">S Swaroop Sirapangi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="821232" type="text/json">{"id":821232,"first_name":"S Swaroop","last_name":"Sirapangi","domain_name":"uohyd","page_name":"SSwaroopSirapangi","display_name":"S Swaroop Sirapangi","profile_url":"https://uohyd.academia.edu/SSwaroopSirapangi?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/821232/313118/21707983/s65_s_swaroop.sirapangi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25052490 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25052490"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25052490, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25052490", }); 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He served in various key positions in the Police service of Andhra Pradesh. He wrote this memoir after retirement from IPS service, based on exposure which he had personally with the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) founder and former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (NTR). Mr Dora occupied various positions in the Andhra Pradesh State like","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45374792,"asset_id":25052490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":821232,"first_name":"S Swaroop","last_name":"Sirapangi","domain_name":"uohyd","page_name":"SSwaroopSirapangi","display_name":"S Swaroop Sirapangi","profile_url":"https://uohyd.academia.edu/SSwaroopSirapangi?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/821232/313118/21707983/s65_s_swaroop.sirapangi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1287,"name":"Political Parties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Parties?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":85995,"name":"Andhra Pradesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andhra_Pradesh?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":394682,"name":"Biographies, Autobiographies and Life Histories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biographies_Autobiographies_and_Life_Histories?f_ri=69711"},{"id":926144,"name":"Political Parties In India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Parties_In_India?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17748330" data-work_id="17748330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17748330/Who_Shall_Be_Judge_The_Legitimation_of_Risk_and_Democracy_in_the_Secession_of_Telangana_State_in_India">Who Shall Be Judge? The Legitimation of Risk and Democracy in the Secession of Telangana State in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper explores the process of legitimation involved in the struggle for secession in Telangana, India. It argues that this was focussed on the securing of justice in a) gaining access to resources (the legitimation of risk) and b)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17748330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper explores the process of legitimation involved in the struggle for secession in Telangana, India.  It argues that this was focussed on the securing of justice in a) gaining access to resources (the legitimation of risk) and b) the exercise of political power (the legitimation of democracy). The plight of Telangana demonstrates the historical and contextual nature of legitimacy. The paper asserts that the ongoing struggle to legitimate risk and democracy will be constitutive of the norms and values of the new state, influencing the way in which exposure to risk is differentiated, and democratic legitimacy defined.  It suggests that, although contextualized, local struggles to legitimate risk and democracy represent a microcosm of a wider global legitimation process which is constitutive of world society and the search for justice in a world at risk.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17748330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b3f21502c955cc660292ed605623b1c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39688359,"asset_id":17748330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39688359/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="313158" href="https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/ElaineDesmond">Elaine L Desmond</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="313158" type="text/json">{"id":313158,"first_name":"Elaine","last_name":"Desmond","domain_name":"ucc-ie","page_name":"ElaineDesmond","display_name":"Elaine L Desmond","profile_url":"https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/ElaineDesmond?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313158/3532011/62815836/s65_elaine.desmond.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17748330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17748330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17748330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17748330", }); 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The Legitimation of Risk and Democracy in the Secession of Telangana State in India","created_at":"2015-11-04T10:12:29.476-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17748330/Who_Shall_Be_Judge_The_Legitimation_of_Risk_and_Democracy_in_the_Secession_of_Telangana_State_in_India?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_17748330","summary":"This paper explores the process of legitimation involved in the struggle for secession in Telangana, India. It argues that this was focussed on the securing of justice in a) gaining access to resources (the legitimation of risk) and b) the exercise of political power (the legitimation of democracy). The plight of Telangana demonstrates the historical and contextual nature of legitimacy. The paper asserts that the ongoing struggle to legitimate risk and democracy will be constitutive of the norms and values of the new state, influencing the way in which exposure to risk is differentiated, and democratic legitimacy defined. It suggests that, although contextualized, local struggles to legitimate risk and democracy represent a microcosm of a wider global legitimation process which is constitutive of world society and the search for justice in a world at risk. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39688359,"asset_id":17748330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":313158,"first_name":"Elaine","last_name":"Desmond","domain_name":"ucc-ie","page_name":"ElaineDesmond","display_name":"Elaine L Desmond","profile_url":"https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/ElaineDesmond?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313158/3532011/62815836/s65_elaine.desmond.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative 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Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_and_Sociology?f_ri=69711"},{"id":465390,"name":"Secessionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secessionism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":466651,"name":"Secessionist Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secessionist_Movements?f_ri=69711"},{"id":579822,"name":"Telangana issue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telangana_issue?f_ri=69711"},{"id":666270,"name":"Telangana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telangana?f_ri=69711"},{"id":765638,"name":"History of Andhra Pradesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Andhra_Pradesh?f_ri=69711"},{"id":961578,"name":"Self Rule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Rule?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1216282,"name":"Telangana and Andhra Pradesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telangana_and_Andhra_Pradesh?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37471406" data-work_id="37471406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37471406/A_Peoples_Constitution_The_Everyday_Life_of_Law_in_the_Indian_Republic">A People's Constitution: The Everyday Life of Law in the Indian Republic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It has long been contended that the Indian Constitution of 1950, a document in English created by elite consensus, has had little influence on India’s greater population. Drawing upon the previously unexplored records of the Supreme Court... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37471406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has long been contended that the Indian Constitution of 1950, a document in English created by elite consensus, has had little influence on India’s greater population. Drawing upon the previously unexplored records of the Supreme Court of India, A People’s Constitution upends this narrative and shows how the Constitution actually transformed the daily lives of citizens in profound and lasting ways. This remarkable legal process was led by individuals on the margins of society, and Rohit De looks at how drinkers, smugglers, petty vendors, butchers, and prostitutes—all despised minorities—shaped the constitutional culture.<br /><br />The Constitution came alive in the popular imagination so much that ordinary people attributed meaning to its existence, took recourse to it, and argued with it. Focusing on the use of constitutional remedies by citizens against new state regulations seeking to reshape the society and economy, De illustrates how laws and policies were frequently undone or renegotiated from below using the state’s own procedures. De examines four important cases that set legal precedents: a Parsi journalist’s contestation of new alcohol prohibition laws, Marwari petty traders’ challenge to the system of commodity control, Muslim butchers’ petition against cow protection laws, and sex workers’ battle to protect their right to practice prostitution.<br /><br />Exploring how the Indian Constitution of 1950 enfranchised the largest population in the world, A People’s Constitution considers the ways that ordinary citizens produced, through litigation, alternative ethical models of citizenship.<br /><br />DISCOUNT CODE: P045<br /><a href="https://press.princeton.edu/titles/13286.html" rel="nofollow">https://press.princeton.edu/titles/13286.html</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37471406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3027c72b7bc5bfdf222dce79b7c18864" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57440292,"asset_id":37471406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57440292/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="434981" href="https://yale.academia.edu/RohitDe">Rohit De</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="434981" type="text/json">{"id":434981,"first_name":"Rohit","last_name":"De","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"RohitDe","display_name":"Rohit De","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/RohitDe?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/434981/180768/10141860/s65_rohit.de.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37471406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37471406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37471406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37471406", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37471406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37471406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37471406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37471406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Society">Law and Society</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3767" type="text/json">{"id":3767,"name":"Law and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Society?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37471406]'), work: {"id":37471406,"title":"A People's Constitution: The Everyday Life of Law in the Indian Republic","created_at":"2018-09-24T13:33:22.637-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37471406/A_Peoples_Constitution_The_Everyday_Life_of_Law_in_the_Indian_Republic?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_37471406","summary":"It has long been contended that the Indian Constitution of 1950, a document in English created by elite consensus, has had little influence on India’s greater population. Drawing upon the previously unexplored records of the Supreme Court of India, A People’s Constitution upends this narrative and shows how the Constitution actually transformed the daily lives of citizens in profound and lasting ways. This remarkable legal process was led by individuals on the margins of society, and Rohit De looks at how drinkers, smugglers, petty vendors, butchers, and prostitutes—all despised minorities—shaped the constitutional culture.\n\nThe Constitution came alive in the popular imagination so much that ordinary people attributed meaning to its existence, took recourse to it, and argued with it. Focusing on the use of constitutional remedies by citizens against new state regulations seeking to reshape the society and economy, De illustrates how laws and policies were frequently undone or renegotiated from below using the state’s own procedures. De examines four important cases that set legal precedents: a Parsi journalist’s contestation of new alcohol prohibition laws, Marwari petty traders’ challenge to the system of commodity control, Muslim butchers’ petition against cow protection laws, and sex workers’ battle to protect their right to practice prostitution.\n\nExploring how the Indian Constitution of 1950 enfranchised the largest population in the world, A People’s Constitution considers the ways that ordinary citizens produced, through litigation, alternative ethical models of citizenship.\n\nDISCOUNT CODE: P045\nhttps://press.princeton.edu/titles/13286.html","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57440292,"asset_id":37471406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":434981,"first_name":"Rohit","last_name":"De","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"RohitDe","display_name":"Rohit De","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/RohitDe?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/434981/180768/10141860/s65_rohit.de.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3767,"name":"Law and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Society?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=69711"},{"id":6357,"name":"Law and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":6926,"name":"South Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_History?f_ri=69711"},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711"},{"id":15702,"name":"Modern Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Indian_History?f_ri=69711"},{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=69711"},{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":153282,"name":"Indian Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711"},{"id":261030,"name":"Constitutional Courts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Courts?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34996911" data-work_id="34996911" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34996911/Taxing_Agricultural_Income">Taxing Agricultural Income</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From time to time, people both from within and outside the Government have talked about the necessity and feasibility of taxing agricultural income. There are no two opinions about the need for bringing this hitherto untaxed sector within... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34996911" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From time to time, people both from within and outside the Government have talked about the necessity and feasibility of taxing agricultural income. There are no two opinions about the need for bringing this hitherto untaxed sector within the tax net and correct the distortions it is causing otherwise in the economy, as the agricultural sector remains a conduit for money laundering and concealment of black income. Committee after committees have recommended in favour of taxing large agricultural incomes but successive Governments have shied away from this for fear of losing potentially large vote banks. The paper argues that while the loss of potential vote banks remains a myth, the available data clearly prove that the small and marginal farmers would not be affected by any tax imposed on agricultural income.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34996911" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db06eaa1850bb0bcad10455cda13e66a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54861451,"asset_id":34996911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54861451/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10690385" href="https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee">Govind Bhattacharjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10690385" type="text/json">{"id":10690385,"first_name":"Govind","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","domain_name":"nifm","page_name":"GovindBhattacharjee","display_name":"Govind Bhattacharjee","profile_url":"https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10690385/3920733/10265716/s65_govind.bhattacharjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34996911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34996911"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34996911, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34996911", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34996911]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34996911").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34996911").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34996911"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18116" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law">Indian Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18116" type="text/json">{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34996911]'), work: {"id":34996911,"title":"Taxing Agricultural Income","created_at":"2017-10-30T03:49:53.555-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34996911/Taxing_Agricultural_Income?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_34996911","summary":"From time to time, people both from within and outside the Government have talked about the necessity and feasibility of taxing agricultural income. There are no two opinions about the need for bringing this hitherto untaxed sector within the tax net and correct the distortions it is causing otherwise in the economy, as the agricultural sector remains a conduit for money laundering and concealment of black income. Committee after committees have recommended in favour of taxing large agricultural incomes but successive Governments have shied away from this for fear of losing potentially large vote banks. The paper argues that while the loss of potential vote banks remains a myth, the available data clearly prove that the small and marginal farmers would not be affected by any tax imposed on agricultural income.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54861451,"asset_id":34996911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10690385,"first_name":"Govind","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","domain_name":"nifm","page_name":"GovindBhattacharjee","display_name":"Govind Bhattacharjee","profile_url":"https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10690385/3920733/10265716/s65_govind.bhattacharjee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":226001,"name":"Agricultural Trade, Income Distribution, Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Trade_Income_Distribution_Food_Safety?f_ri=69711"},{"id":277678,"name":"Indian Polity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Polity?f_ri=69711"},{"id":286033,"name":"Indian Public Finance and Political Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Public_Finance_and_Political_Systems?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1003197,"name":"Indian Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Agriculture?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1160273,"name":"Indian Taxation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Taxation?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27801864" data-work_id="27801864" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27801864/RTI_application_reveals_shocking_details_of_Government_funding_of_Churches_in_Karnataka">RTI application reveals shocking details of Government funding of Churches in Karnataka</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An RTI application filed in Karnataka has brought to light alarming figures of enormous government funding sanctioned for construction and renovation of Churches in the State, which raises serious questions about State funding of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27801864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An RTI application filed in Karnataka has brought to light alarming figures of enormous government funding sanctioned for construction and renovation of Churches in the State, which raises serious questions about State funding of evangelical activities of Christian missionaries in India. Four RTI applications were filed on 26 March 2016, addressed to the Directorate of Minorities Welfare in Karnataka, seeking information on funds granted to Christian minority organisations, Churches, Christian groups and associations that have received funds from the Government of Karnataka for construction, repair and renovation of churches. The information was sought separately for the financial years 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. The reply received from the Joint Director of the Directorate of Minorities Welfare, dated 19 May 2016, provides year-wise figures of funds granted to these institutions. The RTI response reveals that in the year 2015-16, a total of Rs. 1484.60 lakhs (Rs 14.85 crores) was granted for repair and renovation of churches alone. In the year 2014-15, Rs 1498.32 lakhs was provided in grants for construction of new " Community Halls " (Samudaya Bhavana) and Rs 1656.33 lakhs for repair and renovation of churches. In the year 2013-2014, Rs 672.10 lakhs was granted for construction of new " Community Halls " and Rs 1230.85 lakhs for repair and renovation of churches. The extent of government funding of construction and renovation of churches in Karnataka reinforces the concern many Hindus have been expressing about the discriminatory nature of secularism in India and the dangerous consequences of rampant proselytization which is a direct fallout of such state support to Christian evangelists in India.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27801864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e3a641b028839a73c2035c31c1398b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48083715,"asset_id":27801864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48083715/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33360945" href="https://amrita.academia.edu/PRAMODKUMAR">PRAMOD KUMAR</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33360945" type="text/json">{"id":33360945,"first_name":"PRAMOD","last_name":"KUMAR","domain_name":"amrita","page_name":"PRAMODKUMAR","display_name":"PRAMOD KUMAR","profile_url":"https://amrita.academia.edu/PRAMODKUMAR?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33360945/13685225/14817928/s65_pramod.kumar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27801864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27801864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27801864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27801864", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27801864]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27801864").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27801864").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27801864"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3059" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics">Religion and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3059" type="text/json">{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Secularism">Politics of Secularism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14971" type="text/json">{"id":14971,"name":"Politics of Secularism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Secularism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27801864]'), work: {"id":27801864,"title":"RTI application reveals shocking details of Government funding of Churches in Karnataka","created_at":"2016-08-15T22:52:43.813-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27801864/RTI_application_reveals_shocking_details_of_Government_funding_of_Churches_in_Karnataka?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_27801864","summary":"An RTI application filed in Karnataka has brought to light alarming figures of enormous government funding sanctioned for construction and renovation of Churches in the State, which raises serious questions about State funding of evangelical activities of Christian missionaries in India. Four RTI applications were filed on 26 March 2016, addressed to the Directorate of Minorities Welfare in Karnataka, seeking information on funds granted to Christian minority organisations, Churches, Christian groups and associations that have received funds from the Government of Karnataka for construction, repair and renovation of churches. The information was sought separately for the financial years 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. The reply received from the Joint Director of the Directorate of Minorities Welfare, dated 19 May 2016, provides year-wise figures of funds granted to these institutions. The RTI response reveals that in the year 2015-16, a total of Rs. 1484.60 lakhs (Rs 14.85 crores) was granted for repair and renovation of churches alone. In the year 2014-15, Rs 1498.32 lakhs was provided in grants for construction of new \" Community Halls \" (Samudaya Bhavana) and Rs 1656.33 lakhs for repair and renovation of churches. In the year 2013-2014, Rs 672.10 lakhs was granted for construction of new \" Community Halls \" and Rs 1230.85 lakhs for repair and renovation of churches. The extent of government funding of construction and renovation of churches in Karnataka reinforces the concern many Hindus have been expressing about the discriminatory nature of secularism in India and the dangerous consequences of rampant proselytization which is a direct fallout of such state support to Christian evangelists in India.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48083715,"asset_id":27801864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33360945,"first_name":"PRAMOD","last_name":"KUMAR","domain_name":"amrita","page_name":"PRAMODKUMAR","display_name":"PRAMOD KUMAR","profile_url":"https://amrita.academia.edu/PRAMODKUMAR?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33360945/13685225/14817928/s65_pramod.kumar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3059,"name":"Religion and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":14971,"name":"Politics of Secularism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Secularism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35593207" data-work_id="35593207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35593207/Urban_Governance_and_Local_Democracy_in_Karnataka_and_Andhra_Pradesh">Urban Governance and Local Democracy in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This draft report deals with urban governance and local democracy in Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35593207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b89887d497e5cb6de6deb6afdf5f59a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55459375,"asset_id":35593207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55459375/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35593207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35593207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35593207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35593207", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35593207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35593207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35593207"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35593207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35593207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35593207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35593207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35593207").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35593207").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35593207"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51202" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanisation">Urbanisation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51202" type="text/json">{"id":51202,"name":"Urbanisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanisation?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35593207]'), work: {"id":35593207,"title":"Urban Governance and Local Democracy in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh","created_at":"2018-01-06T02:45:10.763-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35593207/Urban_Governance_and_Local_Democracy_in_Karnataka_and_Andhra_Pradesh?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_35593207","summary":"This draft report deals with urban governance and local democracy in Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55459375,"asset_id":35593207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":796972,"first_name":"Professor Anil Kumar","last_name":"Vaddiraju","domain_name":"isec","page_name":"httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar","display_name":"Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":51202,"name":"Urbanisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanisation?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":91070,"name":"Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality?f_ri=69711"},{"id":182874,"name":"Spatial Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Inequality?f_ri=69711"},{"id":541904,"name":"State and local politics and government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_and_local_politics_and_government?f_ri=69711"},{"id":711705,"name":"Indian polity and state politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_polity_and_state_politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1056227,"name":"Effects of Urbanisation In India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effects_of_Urbanisation_In_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1918719,"name":"Urbanisation In India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanisation_In_India?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2401345" data-work_id="2401345" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2401345/Religion_and_Group_Identity_Comparing_Three_Regional_Movements_in_Colonial_India">Religion and Group Identity: Comparing Three Regional Movements in Colonial India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The process of redefining national and ethnic identities often relies on a close relationship between cultural and linguistic traditions, political movements and religious communities. This manuscript seeks to understand how the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2401345" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The process of redefining national and ethnic identities often relies on a close relationship between cultural and linguistic traditions, political movements and <br />religious communities. This manuscript seeks to understand how the religious <br />aspect influenced regional identity-building under conditions of colonial rule in <br />India. The paper draws on a project concerning itself with the political implications <br />of regional identities during the twenties and thirties of the 20th century. The <br />project compares the movements of the Sikhs, the Tamil "Non-Brahmans" and <br />the Pakhtuns. <br />It is intended to outline the evolution of the religious aspect in these movements <br />through three major stages of political mobilisation: revivalism, loyalism <br />and radicalism. The issue seems to be of particular interest in the Indian case <br />for two reasons: <br />- Was there any common pattern behind the influence of religion on group <br />identity? What were the similarities and the differences in the role of religion <br />in the three movements? <br />- Was there any peculiarity in the Indian case under colonial rule as compared <br />to the time of independence?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2401345" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="968858f8f125f449cf26341f96cd97da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56637047,"asset_id":2401345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56637047/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3118529" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/DietrichReetz">Dietrich Reetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3118529" type="text/json">{"id":3118529,"first_name":"Dietrich","last_name":"Reetz","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"DietrichReetz","display_name":"Dietrich Reetz","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/DietrichReetz?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3118529/1024524/39476054/s65_dietrich.reetz.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2401345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2401345"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2401345, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2401345", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2401345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2401345").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2401345").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2401345"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Language">Sociology of Language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2523" type="text/json">{"id":2523,"name":"Sociology of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Language?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2401345]'), work: {"id":2401345,"title":"Religion and Group Identity: Comparing Three Regional Movements in Colonial India","created_at":"2013-01-14T20:54:42.383-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2401345/Religion_and_Group_Identity_Comparing_Three_Regional_Movements_in_Colonial_India?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_2401345","summary":"The process of redefining national and ethnic identities often relies on a close relationship between cultural and linguistic traditions, political movements and\r\nreligious communities. This manuscript seeks to understand how the religious\r\naspect influenced regional identity-building under conditions of colonial rule in\r\nIndia. The paper draws on a project concerning itself with the political implications\r\nof regional identities during the twenties and thirties of the 20th century. The\r\nproject compares the movements of the Sikhs, the Tamil \"Non-Brahmans\" and\r\nthe Pakhtuns.\r\nIt is intended to outline the evolution of the religious aspect in these movements\r\nthrough three major stages of political mobilisation: revivalism, loyalism\r\nand radicalism. The issue seems to be of particular interest in the Indian case\r\nfor two reasons:\r\n- Was there any common pattern behind the influence of religion on group\r\nidentity? What were the similarities and the differences in the role of religion\r\nin the three movements?\r\n- Was there any peculiarity in the Indian case under colonial rule as compared\r\nto the time of independence?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56637047,"asset_id":2401345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3118529,"first_name":"Dietrich","last_name":"Reetz","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"DietrichReetz","display_name":"Dietrich Reetz","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/DietrichReetz?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3118529/1024524/39476054/s65_dietrich.reetz.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2523,"name":"Sociology of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Language?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=69711"},{"id":2937,"name":"Diasporas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diasporas?f_ri=69711"},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=69711"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":11166,"name":"Contemporary Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Social_Theory?f_ri=69711"},{"id":13614,"name":"Conflict Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Resolution?f_ri=69711"},{"id":15884,"name":"Cultural Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Political_Economy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":26341,"name":"Ethnic Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Relations?f_ri=69711"},{"id":33114,"name":"Islam (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_Political_Science_?f_ri=69711"},{"id":53716,"name":"Linguistic Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Nationalism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":54319,"name":"Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minorities?f_ri=69711"},{"id":62168,"name":"Punjab","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punjab?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":240812,"name":"South","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South?f_ri=69711"},{"id":320120,"name":"Dravidian Movement \u0026tamil Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dravidian_Movement_and_tamil_Nationalism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":456871,"name":"Sikhs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sikhs?f_ri=69711"},{"id":694572,"name":"Pashtun Pakhtun Identity Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pashtun_Pakhtun_Identity_Nationalism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":964361,"name":"Post Colonial Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Colonial_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1012325,"name":"Anglo Sikh Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo_Sikh_Relations?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73233373 coauthored" data-work_id="73233373" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73233373/Debates_on_Administrative_Reform_in_India_Training">Debates on Administrative Reform in India: Training</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73233373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6e14ed020e6000b0270d7c50dfa64e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81833994,"asset_id":73233373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81833994/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13123176" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/KarnamadakalaRahulSharmaPhD">Karnamadakala Rahul Sharma, Ph.D.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13123176" type="text/json">{"id":13123176,"first_name":"Karnamadakala Rahul","last_name":"Sharma, Ph.D.","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"KarnamadakalaRahulSharmaPhD","display_name":"Karnamadakala Rahul Sharma, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/KarnamadakalaRahulSharmaPhD?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13123176/3794911/70870438/s65_karnamadakala_rahul.sharma_ph.d..jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-73233373">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-73233373"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdityaUnnikrishnan">Aditya Unnikrishnan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-73233373'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 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container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73233373 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73233373"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73233373; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73233373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73233373").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73233373").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73233373"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration">Public Administration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="799" type="text/json">{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1073" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management">Public Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1073" type="text/json">{"id":1073,"name":"Public Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2820" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucracies_and_Bureaucratic_Workers">Bureaucracies & Bureaucratic Workers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2820" type="text/json">{"id":2820,"name":"Bureaucracies \u0026 Bureaucratic Workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucracies_and_Bureaucratic_Workers?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73233373]'), work: {"id":73233373,"title":"Debates on Administrative Reform in India: Training","created_at":"2022-03-07T03:59:29.757-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73233373/Debates_on_Administrative_Reform_in_India_Training?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_73233373","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81833994,"asset_id":73233373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13123176,"first_name":"Karnamadakala Rahul","last_name":"Sharma, Ph.D.","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"KarnamadakalaRahulSharmaPhD","display_name":"Karnamadakala Rahul Sharma, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/KarnamadakalaRahulSharmaPhD?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13123176/3794911/70870438/s65_karnamadakala_rahul.sharma_ph.d..jpeg"},{"id":46958856,"first_name":"Aditya","last_name":"Unnikrishnan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdityaUnnikrishnan","display_name":"Aditya Unnikrishnan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdityaUnnikrishnan?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46958856/12404954/13807291/s65_aditya.unnikrishnan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":1073,"name":"Public Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2820,"name":"Bureaucracies \u0026 Bureaucratic Workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucracies_and_Bureaucratic_Workers?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":78388,"name":"Bureaucracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucracy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":863679,"name":"Indian Administration and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Administration_and_Governance?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17287342" data-work_id="17287342" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17287342/Contour_of_Modern_Republicanism_and_Indian_Constitutional_Structure">Contour of Modern Republicanism and Indian Constitutional Structure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is growing resentment of people against government which is visible from the ever growing number of litigations filed against government and government actions. This also indicates the mistrust of the people on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17287342" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is growing resentment of people against government which is visible from the ever growing number of litigations filed against government and government actions. This also indicates the mistrust of the people on the government&amp;#39;s actions. It has caused due to lack of functional link between the ideology and functional policy of respective government. Articulation of cherished ideology and its circumferences will assist the functionaries to lay such functional policies in tune with the accepted policy of a State ( not of a Government). The political concept of &amp;#39;Republic&amp;#39; is one of the one of the oldest political ideology, but its practice is eroding due to inconsistent understanding on it. To make &amp;#39;Republicanism&amp;#39; as civic virtue, it is sine qua non to understand the same in existing Constitutional structure. People of India have declared to establish a Republic and Republicanism for themselves. This article is an endeavour towards that from Indian Constitutional law perspective. Concentration is on reading the modern perception of &amp;#39;Republic&amp;#39; and linking the same with Indian Constitutional structure. In the present deliberation, the author candidly admits that he has refrained to examine the modern perception of &amp;#39;Republic of India&amp;#39; from functional perspective of Indian Republic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17287342" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eddf9706b96e102d708134604a7ae22f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41294970,"asset_id":17287342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41294970/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74605" href="https://suniv.academia.edu/PrayasDansana">Prayas Dansana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74605" type="text/json">{"id":74605,"first_name":"Prayas","last_name":"Dansana","domain_name":"suniv","page_name":"PrayasDansana","display_name":"Prayas Dansana","profile_url":"https://suniv.academia.edu/PrayasDansana?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74605/20587/19095/s65_prayas.dansana.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17287342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17287342"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17287342, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17287342", }); 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This also indicates the mistrust of the people on the government\u0026amp;#39;s actions. It has caused due to lack of functional link between the ideology and functional policy of respective government. Articulation of cherished ideology and its circumferences will assist the functionaries to lay such functional policies in tune with the accepted policy of a State ( not of a Government). The political concept of \u0026amp;#39;Republic\u0026amp;#39; is one of the one of the oldest political ideology, but its practice is eroding due to inconsistent understanding on it. To make \u0026amp;#39;Republicanism\u0026amp;#39; as civic virtue, it is sine qua non to understand the same in existing Constitutional structure. People of India have declared to establish a Republic and Republicanism for themselves. This article is an endeavour towards that from Indian Constitutional law perspective. Concentration is on reading the modern perception of \u0026amp;#39;Republic\u0026amp;#39; and linking the same with Indian Constitutional structure. In the present deliberation, the author candidly admits that he has refrained to examine the modern perception of \u0026amp;#39;Republic of India\u0026amp;#39; from functional perspective of Indian Republic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41294970,"asset_id":17287342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74605,"first_name":"Prayas","last_name":"Dansana","domain_name":"suniv","page_name":"PrayasDansana","display_name":"Prayas Dansana","profile_url":"https://suniv.academia.edu/PrayasDansana?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74605/20587/19095/s65_prayas.dansana.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":141992,"name":"Constitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitution?f_ri=69711"},{"id":153282,"name":"Indian Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711"},{"id":268445,"name":"Indian Constitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitution?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1222785,"name":"Constitutional Law Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law_Theory?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42688971" data-work_id="42688971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42688971/MUSLIM_POLITICS_IN_SECULAR_INDIA_by_Hamid_Dalwai_1968_">MUSLIM POLITICS IN SECULAR INDIA by Hamid Dalwai (1968)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Ever relevant to a proper understanding of Indian Politics, Indian Secularism and Communalism in India</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42688971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8bb17838d201c2b76795a065afad2f98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63325551,"asset_id":42688971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63325551/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5573747" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShrikantTalageri">Shrikant Talageri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5573747" type="text/json">{"id":5573747,"first_name":"Shrikant","last_name":"Talageri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShrikantTalageri","display_name":"Shrikant Talageri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShrikantTalageri?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5573747/11186695/12483062/s65_shrikant.talageri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42688971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42688971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42688971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42688971", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42688971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42688971").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42688971").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42688971"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Politics">Islamic Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72056" type="text/json">{"id":72056,"name":"Islamic Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94816" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory_Thought_Western_and_Indian_Secularism_Justice_Democracy_and_Gender_Studies">Political Theory/Thought: Western and Indian; Secularism, Justice, Democracy and Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94816" type="text/json">{"id":94816,"name":"Political Theory/Thought: Western and Indian; Secularism, Justice, Democracy and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory_Thought_Western_and_Indian_Secularism_Justice_Democracy_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137787" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communalism">Communalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137787" type="text/json">{"id":137787,"name":"Communalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communalism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42688971]'), work: {"id":42688971,"title":"MUSLIM POLITICS IN SECULAR INDIA by Hamid Dalwai (1968)","created_at":"2020-04-10T05:38:18.006-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42688971/MUSLIM_POLITICS_IN_SECULAR_INDIA_by_Hamid_Dalwai_1968_?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_42688971","summary":"Ever relevant to a proper understanding of Indian Politics, Indian Secularism and Communalism in India","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63325551,"asset_id":42688971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5573747,"first_name":"Shrikant","last_name":"Talageri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShrikantTalageri","display_name":"Shrikant Talageri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShrikantTalageri?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5573747/11186695/12483062/s65_shrikant.talageri.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":72056,"name":"Islamic Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":94816,"name":"Political Theory/Thought: Western and Indian; Secularism, Justice, Democracy and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory_Thought_Western_and_Indian_Secularism_Justice_Democracy_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":137787,"name":"Communalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communalism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3108974,"name":"Indian secularism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_secularism?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61739477" data-work_id="61739477" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61739477/Contour_of_Modern_Republicanism_and_Indian_Constitutional_Structure">Contour of Modern Republicanism and Indian Constitutional Structure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is growing resentment of people against government which is visible from the ever growing number of litigations filed against government and government actions. This also indicates the mistrust of the people on the government&#39;s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61739477" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is growing resentment of people against government which is visible from the ever growing number of litigations filed against government and government actions. This also indicates the mistrust of the people on the government&#39;s actions. It has caused due to lack of functional link between the ideology and functional policy of respective government. Articulation of cherished ideology and its circumferences will assist the functionaries to lay such functional policies in tune with the accepted policy of a State ( not of a Government). The political concept of &#39;Republic&#39; is one of the one of the oldest political ideology, but its practice is eroding due to inconsistent understanding on it. To make &#39;Republicanism&#39; as civic virtue, it is sine qua non to understand the same in existing Constitutional structure. People of India have declared to establish a Republic and Republicanism for themselves. This article is an endeavour towards that from Indian Constitution...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61739477" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62404065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PrayasDansana">Prayas Dansana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62404065" type="text/json">{"id":62404065,"first_name":"Prayas","last_name":"Dansana","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PrayasDansana","display_name":"Prayas Dansana","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PrayasDansana?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62404065/16744788/17015732/s65_prayas.dansana.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61739477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61739477"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61739477, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61739477", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61739477]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61739477").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61739477").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61739477"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2935" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism">Republicanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2935" type="text/json">{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law">Comparative Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7554" type="text/json">{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18116" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law">Indian Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18116" type="text/json">{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61739477]'), work: {"id":61739477,"title":"Contour of Modern Republicanism and Indian Constitutional Structure","created_at":"2021-11-15T20:09:04.931-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61739477/Contour_of_Modern_Republicanism_and_Indian_Constitutional_Structure?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_61739477","summary":"There is growing resentment of people against government which is visible from the ever growing number of litigations filed against government and government actions. This also indicates the mistrust of the people on the government\u0026#39;s actions. It has caused due to lack of functional link between the ideology and functional policy of respective government. Articulation of cherished ideology and its circumferences will assist the functionaries to lay such functional policies in tune with the accepted policy of a State ( not of a Government). The political concept of \u0026#39;Republic\u0026#39; is one of the one of the oldest political ideology, but its practice is eroding due to inconsistent understanding on it. To make \u0026#39;Republicanism\u0026#39; as civic virtue, it is sine qua non to understand the same in existing Constitutional structure. People of India have declared to establish a Republic and Republicanism for themselves. This article is an endeavour towards that from Indian Constitution...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62404065,"first_name":"Prayas","last_name":"Dansana","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PrayasDansana","display_name":"Prayas Dansana","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PrayasDansana?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62404065/16744788/17015732/s65_prayas.dansana.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":141992,"name":"Constitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitution?f_ri=69711"},{"id":153282,"name":"Indian Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711"},{"id":268445,"name":"Indian Constitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitution?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1222785,"name":"Constitutional Law Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law_Theory?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4101765" data-work_id="4101765" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4101765/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_Hindi_version_of_KNOW_THE_RSS_">'आरएसएस को पहचानें : आरएसएस के दस्तावेज़ों पर आधारित' (Hindi version of KNOW THE RSS)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"""With Swayamsevaks (volunteers) like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishan Advani in the drivers’ seats in the National Democratic Alliance Government at the Centre in India (1998-2004), the RSS accelerated its old favourite pastime of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4101765" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"""With Swayamsevaks (volunteers) like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishan Advani in the drivers’ seats in the National Democratic Alliance Government at the Centre in India (1998-2004), the RSS accelerated its old favourite pastime of undoing democratic-secular polity and minority bashing in India. Sarsanghchalak or Supreme Leader of the RSS, KS Sudershan while addressing a rally on the eve of 75th founding day of the RSS in Nagpur, called upon Muslims and Christians of the country to prove their patriotism. It is really atrocious that an organization, which was at least twice banned for anti-national activities by the Government of India after independence should pose as controlling authority of patriotism in the country. Should we once again refresh the memory of the RSS bosses that their rabid communal organization was banned in 1948 for collaborating in the murder of Mahatma Gandhi, and in 1992 it was again banned for demolishing Babri mosque at Ayodhya? Do we also need to tell the RSS that misadventures like demolition of Babri mosque only served the strategic goals of the enemies of India like the ISI who wished to see an India, fractured and at war with itself? <br />This is high time that the people of this country scrutinize the record (of patriotism and loyalty to the nation) of the RSS itself. Unfortunately, the RSS which is fond of demanding unwavering and unflinching loyalty to the Nation from minorities is neither loyal to the Constitution of India, nor to the National Flag. RSS is an organization, which openly decries the existence of a democratic, federal and secular India which are the ‘Basic’ features of the Constitution of India. In fact, it has long heritage of worshiping dictators like Hitler. It is an organization which not only openly decried the Freedom Movement against the British rule but also made fun of the great martyrs like Bhagat Singh and his companions who laid down their lives for the liberation of the Motherland. In order to know the truth we will simply have to make access to the literature and publications of the RSS specially the writings of Golwalkar (known as Guruji) who as a philosopher and guide is religiously followed by the bosses and cadres of the RSS. In this booklet we have presented fully the official viewpoints of the RSS on different aspects of Indian polity so that it cannot allege misrepresentation. <br />We must seriously know about the RSS today, as it is no more a fringe organization with the present BJP leaders declaring their open allegiance to the RSS. They have even told the Nation that RSS to them is what Gandhiji was to Nehru! It is a highly intriguing and dishonest parallel in the sense that Gandhiji was theoretically never disloyal to a democratic, secular and federal India. We are publishing this booklet with the hope that this Nation gets familiarized to the real face and intentions of the RSS; otherwise it may be too late to save this country. <br />All quotations reproduced below are from the RSS publications/literature and English translations are by the author." <br />Note: The material of this book is for the personal benefit of all  researchers and those who are concerned about Casteism, denigration of women and theocratic politics in India. In no case commercial use is permitted." <br />More Info:'KNOW THE RSS' is now available in Kannada, English, Hindi (13th revised edition), Urdu, Bengali, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi. <br />इस का नया संस्करण ''आरएसएस को पहचानें : आरएसएस के दस्तावेज़ों पर आधारित'' PHAROS MEDIA & PUBLISHING PVT LTD (PHONE: 91-9818120669 EMAIL: <a href="mailto:books@pharosmedia.com" rel="nofollow">books@pharosmedia.com</a> और website: <a href="http://www.pharosmedia.com" rel="nofollow">www.pharosmedia.com</a>) से उपलब्ध है । <br />LINK FOR BUYING: <br /><a href="https://pharosmedia.com/books/product/9788172211028/" rel="nofollow">https://pharosmedia.com/books/product/9788172211028/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4101765" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f996f093158dd4be4ec9451e7e8188c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37176832,"asset_id":4101765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37176832/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="315452" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/ShamsulIslam">Shamsul Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="315452" type="text/json">{"id":315452,"first_name":"Shamsul","last_name":"Islam","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"ShamsulIslam","display_name":"Shamsul Islam","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/ShamsulIslam?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/315452/132752/36110387/s65_shamsul.islam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4101765 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4101765"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4101765, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4101765", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4101765]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4101765").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4101765").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4101765"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5782" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Fascism">Neo-Fascism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5782" type="text/json">{"id":5782,"name":"Neo-Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Fascism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45919" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalit_studies">Dalit studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45919" type="text/json">{"id":45919,"name":"Dalit studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalit_studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57331" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/communalism_in_India">communalism in India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57331" type="text/json">{"id":57331,"name":"communalism in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/communalism_in_India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4101765]'), work: {"id":4101765,"title":"'आरएसएस को पहचानें : आरएसएस के दस्तावेज़ों पर आधारित' (Hindi version of KNOW THE RSS)","created_at":"2013-07-24T23:10:56.803-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4101765/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_Hindi_version_of_KNOW_THE_RSS_?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_4101765","summary":"\"\"\"With Swayamsevaks (volunteers) like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishan Advani in the drivers’ seats in the National Democratic Alliance Government at the Centre in India (1998-2004), the RSS accelerated its old favourite pastime of undoing democratic-secular polity and minority bashing in India. Sarsanghchalak or Supreme Leader of the RSS, KS Sudershan while addressing a rally on the eve of 75th founding day of the RSS in Nagpur, called upon Muslims and Christians of the country to prove their patriotism. It is really atrocious that an organization, which was at least twice banned for anti-national activities by the Government of India after independence should pose as controlling authority of patriotism in the country. Should we once again refresh the memory of the RSS bosses that their rabid communal organization was banned in 1948 for collaborating in the murder of Mahatma Gandhi, and in 1992 it was again banned for demolishing Babri mosque at Ayodhya? Do we also need to tell the RSS that misadventures like demolition of Babri mosque only served the strategic goals of the enemies of India like the ISI who wished to see an India, fractured and at war with itself?\r\nThis is high time that the people of this country scrutinize the record (of patriotism and loyalty to the nation) of the RSS itself. Unfortunately, the RSS which is fond of demanding unwavering and unflinching loyalty to the Nation from minorities is neither loyal to the Constitution of India, nor to the National Flag. RSS is an organization, which openly decries the existence of a democratic, federal and secular India which are the ‘Basic’ features of the Constitution of India. In fact, it has long heritage of worshiping dictators like Hitler. It is an organization which not only openly decried the Freedom Movement against the British rule but also made fun of the great martyrs like Bhagat Singh and his companions who laid down their lives for the liberation of the Motherland. In order to know the truth we will simply have to make access to the literature and publications of the RSS specially the writings of Golwalkar (known as Guruji) who as a philosopher and guide is religiously followed by the bosses and cadres of the RSS. In this booklet we have presented fully the official viewpoints of the RSS on different aspects of Indian polity so that it cannot allege misrepresentation.\r\nWe must seriously know about the RSS today, as it is no more a fringe organization with the present BJP leaders declaring their open allegiance to the RSS. They have even told the Nation that RSS to them is what Gandhiji was to Nehru! It is a highly intriguing and dishonest parallel in the sense that Gandhiji was theoretically never disloyal to a democratic, secular and federal India. We are publishing this booklet with the hope that this Nation gets familiarized to the real face and intentions of the RSS; otherwise it may be too late to save this country.\r\nAll quotations reproduced below are from the RSS publications/literature and English translations are by the author.\"\r\nNote: The material of this book is for the personal benefit of all researchers and those who are concerned about Casteism, denigration of women and theocratic politics in India. In no case commercial use is permitted.\"\r\nMore Info:'KNOW THE RSS' is now available in Kannada, English, Hindi (13th revised edition), Urdu, Bengali, Malayalam, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi. \r\nइस का नया संस्करण ''आरएसएस को पहचानें : आरएसएस के दस्तावेज़ों पर आधारित'' PHAROS MEDIA \u0026 PUBLISHING PVT LTD (PHONE: 91-9818120669 EMAIL: books@pharosmedia.com और website: www.pharosmedia.com) से उपलब्ध है ।\r\nLINK FOR BUYING: \r\nhttps://pharosmedia.com/books/product/9788172211028/\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37176832,"asset_id":4101765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":315452,"first_name":"Shamsul","last_name":"Islam","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"ShamsulIslam","display_name":"Shamsul Islam","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/ShamsulIslam?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/315452/132752/36110387/s65_shamsul.islam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5782,"name":"Neo-Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Fascism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":45919,"name":"Dalit studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalit_studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":57331,"name":"communalism in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/communalism_in_India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":89524,"name":"Right-Wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Right-Wing_Extremism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":92458,"name":"Hindutva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindutva?f_ri=69711"},{"id":92732,"name":"Hindutva Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindutva_Terrorism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":149792,"name":"Neo Nazism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo_Nazism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":246553,"name":"Sangh Parivar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sangh_Parivar?f_ri=69711"},{"id":257542,"name":"Hindu Nationalism in Modern India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindu_Nationalism_in_Modern_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":351752,"name":"Neo-Nazi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Nazi?f_ri=69711"},{"id":963061,"name":"Two Nation Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Two_Nation_Theory?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1262831,"name":"Manusmriti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manusmriti?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1329160,"name":"Hindutva Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindutva_Nationalism?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79864597" data-work_id="79864597" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79864597/GST_and_Federalism">GST and Federalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The Supreme Courts Observations in the Ocean Freight case were uncalled for at this juncture and may open a legal Pandora's Box on the decisions of the GST Council.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79864597" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99edf7742e4280b000996f3a8f17f6da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86436166,"asset_id":79864597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86436166/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10690385" href="https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee">Govind Bhattacharjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10690385" type="text/json">{"id":10690385,"first_name":"Govind","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","domain_name":"nifm","page_name":"GovindBhattacharjee","display_name":"Govind Bhattacharjee","profile_url":"https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10690385/3920733/10265716/s65_govind.bhattacharjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79864597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79864597"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79864597, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79864597", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79864597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79864597; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79864597"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79864597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79864597"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79864597; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79864597]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79864597").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79864597").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79864597"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18116" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law">Indian Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18116" type="text/json">{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="153282" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitutional_Law">Indian Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="153282" type="text/json">{"id":153282,"name":"Indian Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="186228" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy">Indian economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="186228" type="text/json">{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79864597]'), work: {"id":79864597,"title":"GST and Federalism","created_at":"2022-05-24T22:43:27.568-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79864597/GST_and_Federalism?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_79864597","summary":"The Supreme Courts Observations in the Ocean Freight case were uncalled for at this juncture and may open a legal Pandora's Box on the decisions of the GST Council. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86436166,"asset_id":79864597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10690385,"first_name":"Govind","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","domain_name":"nifm","page_name":"GovindBhattacharjee","display_name":"Govind Bhattacharjee","profile_url":"https://nifm.academia.edu/GovindBhattacharjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10690385/3920733/10265716/s65_govind.bhattacharjee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":153282,"name":"Indian Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":277678,"name":"Indian Polity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Polity?f_ri=69711"},{"id":286033,"name":"Indian Public Finance and Political Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Public_Finance_and_Political_Systems?f_ri=69711"},{"id":314290,"name":"Indian Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Political_Thought?f_ri=69711"},{"id":385625,"name":"GST, Goods and Service Tax, Taxation in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GST_Goods_and_Service_Tax_Taxation_in_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":711705,"name":"Indian polity and state politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_polity_and_state_politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1160273,"name":"Indian Taxation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Taxation?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11283071" data-work_id="11283071" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11283071/Constitutional_Antecedents">Constitutional Antecedents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An overview of the history of constitutionalism in India before the promulgation of the Indian constitution of 1950. It treats the Constitution as a set of interactions between constitutional texts, constitutional aspirations and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11283071" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An overview of the history of constitutionalism in India before the promulgation of the Indian constitution of 1950. It treats the  Constitution as a set of interactions between constitutional texts, constitutional aspirations and the quotidian practice of constitutional law. The paper will open with a critical reading of the various texts (charters and legislations) that emanated from above and established the architecture of power in colonial India from 1600 to 1948. The second section will provide an overview of the various attempts by Indian groups to draw up constitutions or articulate claims against the state. Finally, the third section will look at constitutional practice examining legal strategies and judicial review in colonial India.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11283071" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fef299354b2edebae9a1fa1b131ccc6c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36875896,"asset_id":11283071,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36875896/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="434981" href="https://yale.academia.edu/RohitDe">Rohit De</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="434981" type="text/json">{"id":434981,"first_name":"Rohit","last_name":"De","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"RohitDe","display_name":"Rohit De","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/RohitDe?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/434981/180768/10141860/s65_rohit.de.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11283071 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11283071"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11283071, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11283071", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11283071 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11283071; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11283071"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11283071 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11283071"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11283071; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11283071]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11283071").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11283071").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11283071"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India">History of India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3024" type="text/json">{"id":3024,"name":"History of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_History">South Asian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6926" type="text/json">{"id":6926,"name":"South Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_History?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law">Comparative Constitutional Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7554" type="text/json">{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11283071]'), work: {"id":11283071,"title":"Constitutional Antecedents","created_at":"2015-03-04T22:07:28.498-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11283071/Constitutional_Antecedents?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_11283071","summary":"An overview of the history of constitutionalism in India before the promulgation of the Indian constitution of 1950. It treats the Constitution as a set of interactions between constitutional texts, constitutional aspirations and the quotidian practice of constitutional law. The paper will open with a critical reading of the various texts (charters and legislations) that emanated from above and established the architecture of power in colonial India from 1600 to 1948. The second section will provide an overview of the various attempts by Indian groups to draw up constitutions or articulate claims against the state. Finally, the third section will look at constitutional practice examining legal strategies and judicial review in colonial India. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36875896,"asset_id":11283071,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":434981,"first_name":"Rohit","last_name":"De","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"RohitDe","display_name":"Rohit De","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/RohitDe?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/434981/180768/10141860/s65_rohit.de.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3024,"name":"History of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":6926,"name":"South Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_History?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":10372,"name":"South Asian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=69711"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":33833,"name":"History of Colonial India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Colonial_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":43930,"name":"Constitutional History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_History?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":71738,"name":"constitution of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/constitution_of_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":80918,"name":"Supreme Court of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supreme_Court_of_India?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43230148" data-work_id="43230148" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43230148/Women_in_Governance_An_analysis_of_Womens_participation_in_the_Parliament_of_India">Women in Governance -An analysis of Women's participation in the Parliament of India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Globally, it is believed, understood and studied that, the empowerment of women and their equal participation in every sphere are the best possible way to achieve developmental goals, central to realization of human rights, and vital to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43230148" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Globally, it is believed, understood and studied that, the empowerment of women and their equal participation in every sphere are the best possible way to achieve developmental goals, central to realization of human rights, and vital to achieve good governance. On the contrary, from the local to the global level, women’s leadership and political participation is restricted.  This assignment, through basic analysis from the secondary sources will explore answers to some questions concerned with Indian women’s access to political life. What are the channels open for women to gain access to political career? And what avenues are blocked? I will also examine some former Member of Parliament(s) and their work in the office, what areas they get involved in? Changes and impact in the governance at their respective times.  It is also important to examine women's participation in political institution such as, the political parties. I will be exploring the dynamics between the institutional and grassroots politics. What has been the impact of putting question of women’s participation on the political parties? Not focusing only on who the women representatives are, and their channels to different positions, but also on the areas of policy and governance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43230148" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e130cef724edee2b6601915bc15239f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63499349,"asset_id":43230148,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63499349/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108379990" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/KundanKumar">Kundan Kumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108379990" type="text/json">{"id":108379990,"first_name":"Kundan","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"KundanKumar","display_name":"Kundan Kumar","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/KundanKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43230148 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43230148"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43230148, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43230148", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43230148]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43230148").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43230148").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43230148"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13518" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Development">Gender and Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13518" type="text/json">{"id":13518,"name":"Gender and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Development?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105452" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Inequality_in_Politics_the_Role_Women_Play">Gender Inequality in Politics, the Role Women Play</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="105452" type="text/json">{"id":105452,"name":"Gender Inequality in Politics, the Role Women Play","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Inequality_in_Politics_the_Role_Women_Play?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43230148]'), work: {"id":43230148,"title":"Women in Governance -An analysis of Women's participation in the Parliament of India","created_at":"2020-06-01T23:00:19.265-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43230148/Women_in_Governance_An_analysis_of_Womens_participation_in_the_Parliament_of_India?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_43230148","summary":"Globally, it is believed, understood and studied that, the empowerment of women and their equal participation in every sphere are the best possible way to achieve developmental goals, central to realization of human rights, and vital to achieve good governance. On the contrary, from the local to the global level, women’s leadership and political participation is restricted. This assignment, through basic analysis from the secondary sources will explore answers to some questions concerned with Indian women’s access to political life. What are the channels open for women to gain access to political career? And what avenues are blocked? I will also examine some former Member of Parliament(s) and their work in the office, what areas they get involved in? Changes and impact in the governance at their respective times. It is also important to examine women's participation in political institution such as, the political parties. I will be exploring the dynamics between the institutional and grassroots politics. What has been the impact of putting question of women’s participation on the political parties? Not focusing only on who the women representatives are, and their channels to different positions, but also on the areas of policy and governance. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63499349,"asset_id":43230148,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108379990,"first_name":"Kundan","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"KundanKumar","display_name":"Kundan Kumar","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/KundanKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13518,"name":"Gender and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Development?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":105452,"name":"Gender Inequality in Politics, the Role Women Play","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Inequality_in_Politics_the_Role_Women_Play?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13521675" data-work_id="13521675" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13521675/Enhancing_the_Role_of_the_CAG_Road_to_Good_Governance">Enhancing the Role of the CAG - Road to Good Governance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the following paper, the role of the Comptroller and Auditor General has been explained along with the limits of his power. The paper has also gone to show the extent to which the CAG’s authority extends. Good Governance is defined as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13521675" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the following paper, the role of the Comptroller and Auditor General has been explained along with the limits of his power. The paper has also gone to show the extent to which the CAG’s authority extends. Good Governance is defined as an ideal manner which is essentially free of abuse and corruption and works with due regard to law. Finally the paper also contains suggestions so as to increase the role and authority of the CAG in the forming of good governance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13521675" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="539f6632a9a14036869832af60618e77" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38065080,"asset_id":13521675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38065080/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32720516" href="https://armyinstituteoflaw.academia.edu/HarshitaChaarag">Harshita Chaarag</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32720516" type="text/json">{"id":32720516,"first_name":"Harshita","last_name":"Chaarag","domain_name":"armyinstituteoflaw","page_name":"HarshitaChaarag","display_name":"Harshita Chaarag","profile_url":"https://armyinstituteoflaw.academia.edu/HarshitaChaarag?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32720516/9758707/10871416/s65_harshita.chaarag.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13521675 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13521675"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13521675, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13521675", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13521675]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13521675").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13521675").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13521675"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Governance">Good Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55966" type="text/json">{"id":55966,"name":"Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Governance?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effectiveness_of_Law">Effectiveness of Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="958579" type="text/json">{"id":958579,"name":"Effectiveness of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effectiveness_of_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13521675]'), work: {"id":13521675,"title":"Enhancing the Role of the CAG - Road to Good Governance","created_at":"2015-07-01T20:54:14.140-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13521675/Enhancing_the_Role_of_the_CAG_Road_to_Good_Governance?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_13521675","summary":"In the following paper, the role of the Comptroller and Auditor General has been explained along with the limits of his power. The paper has also gone to show the extent to which the CAG’s authority extends. Good Governance is defined as an ideal manner which is essentially free of abuse and corruption and works with due regard to law. Finally the paper also contains suggestions so as to increase the role and authority of the CAG in the forming of good governance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38065080,"asset_id":13521675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32720516,"first_name":"Harshita","last_name":"Chaarag","domain_name":"armyinstituteoflaw","page_name":"HarshitaChaarag","display_name":"Harshita Chaarag","profile_url":"https://armyinstituteoflaw.academia.edu/HarshitaChaarag?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32720516/9758707/10871416/s65_harshita.chaarag.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":55966,"name":"Good Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Governance?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":958579,"name":"Effectiveness of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effectiveness_of_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13442563" data-work_id="13442563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13442563/Book_Review_of_Panchayati_Raj_by_Kuldeep_Mathur_Oxford_India_Short_Introductions_New_Delhi">Book Review of " Panchayati Raj" by Kuldeep Mathur, Oxford India Short Introductions, New Delhi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13442563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43e195beb901ec435ccd59f56df87ee8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38047710,"asset_id":13442563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38047710/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8487658" href="https://jmi.academia.edu/PoojaPaswan">Pooja Paswan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8487658" type="text/json">{"id":8487658,"first_name":"Pooja","last_name":"Paswan","domain_name":"jmi","page_name":"PoojaPaswan","display_name":"Pooja Paswan","profile_url":"https://jmi.academia.edu/PoojaPaswan?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8487658/2856944/32542465/s65_pooja.paswan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13442563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13442563"><i 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(IJPSLIR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Journal_of_Political_Science_Law_and_International_Relations_IJPSLIR_?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5000926" data-work_id="5000926" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5000926/Colonial_Legacies_and_Critical_Junctures_Decolonization_and_Corruption_in_India">Colonial Legacies and Critical Junctures: Decolonization and Corruption in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science_Methodology?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72679949 coauthored" data-work_id="72679949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72679949/Discursive_Toolkits_of_Anti_Muslim_Disinformation_on_Twitter">Discursive Toolkits of Anti-Muslim Disinformation on Twitter</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article, we investigate the socio-technical ecology of Twitter, including the technological affordances of the platform and the user-generated discursive strategies used to create and circulate anti-Muslim disinformation online.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72679949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article, we investigate the socio-technical ecology of Twitter, including the technological affordances of the platform and the user-generated discursive strategies used to create and circulate anti-Muslim disinformation online. During the first wave of Covid-19, right-wing followers claimed that Muslims were spreading the virus to perform Jihad. We analyzed a sample of 7000 tweets using Critical Discourse Analysis to examine how the online disinformation accusing Muslims in India was initiated and sustained. We identify three critical discourse strategies used on Twitter to spread and sustain the anti-Muslim (dis)information: (1) creating mediatized hate solidarities, (2) appropriating instruments of legitimacy, and (3) practicing Internet Hindu vigilantism. Each strategy consists of a subset of discursive toolkits, highlighting the central routes of discursive engagement to produce disinformation online. We argue that understanding how the technical affordances of Social Networking Sites are leveraged in quotidian online practices to produce and sustain the phenomenon of online disinformation will prove to be a novel contribution to the field of disinformation studies and Internet research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72679949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0da18ac1d8a0ec7c947a5221d81f0535" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81523741,"asset_id":72679949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81523741/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8434614" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KiranVinodBhatia">Kiran Vinod Bhatia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8434614" type="text/json">{"id":8434614,"first_name":"Kiran Vinod","last_name":"Bhatia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KiranVinodBhatia","display_name":"Kiran Vinod Bhatia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KiranVinodBhatia?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8434614/2849991/17147466/s65_kiran.bhatia.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-72679949">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-72679949"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ProfdrPayalArora">Payal Arora</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-72679949'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-72679949').html(); 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During the first wave of Covid-19, right-wing followers claimed that Muslims were spreading the virus to perform Jihad. We analyzed a sample of 7000 tweets using Critical Discourse Analysis to examine how the online disinformation accusing Muslims in India was initiated and sustained. We identify three critical discourse strategies used on Twitter to spread and sustain the anti-Muslim (dis)information: (1) creating mediatized hate solidarities, (2) appropriating instruments of legitimacy, and (3) practicing Internet Hindu vigilantism. Each strategy consists of a subset of discursive toolkits, highlighting the central routes of discursive engagement to produce disinformation online. We argue that understanding how the technical affordances of Social Networking Sites are leveraged in quotidian online practices to produce and sustain the phenomenon of online disinformation will prove to be a novel contribution to the field of disinformation studies and Internet research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81523741,"asset_id":72679949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8434614,"first_name":"Kiran Vinod","last_name":"Bhatia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KiranVinodBhatia","display_name":"Kiran Vinod Bhatia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KiranVinodBhatia?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8434614/2849991/17147466/s65_kiran.bhatia.jpg"},{"id":278205,"first_name":"Payal","last_name":"Arora","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ProfdrPayalArora","display_name":"Payal Arora","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ProfdrPayalArora?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/278205/57278/30021434/s65_payal.arora.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":99126,"name":"Digital Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":159919,"name":"Disinformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disinformation?f_ri=69711"},{"id":276623,"name":"Misinformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Misinformation?f_ri=69711"},{"id":980529,"name":"Fake News","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fake_News?f_ri=69711"},{"id":2992559,"name":"Hate speech online","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hate_speech_online?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19799937" data-work_id="19799937" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19799937/INDIA_RUSSIA_POST_COLD_WAR_RELATIONS_A_NEW_EPOCH_OF_COOPERATION">INDIA-RUSSIA POST COLD WAR RELATIONS: A NEW EPOCH OF COOPERATION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Post Cold War international relations have undeniably been a litmus test for the bilateral relations between India and Russia. With the emergence of a new international system, the foreign policies of both countries vacillated to explore... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19799937" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Post Cold War international relations have undeniably been a litmus test for the bilateral relations between India and Russia. With the emergence of a new international system, the foreign policies of both countries vacillated to explore new avenues of partnerships with other international players, an opportunity that otherwise proved effective to a large extent. National priorities and the geo-political architecture remodelled by the US, thus, compelled New Delhi and Moscow to pursue a foreign policy that moved away from serving the interests of each other. While defining the trends in the bilateral relations between the two countries, the strategic community has questioned whether the relationship can remain as special and strategic as it had been in the past. Are both countries still as relevant to one another as they once were? <br /> <br />As the constant debate revolves around these questions, the two entities have, however, indicated a certain level of distinguishing characteristics in order to address the complexities and challenges in the partnership and have acknowledged that their relationship is not only special but also indispensable. What has also continued to remain undamaged and an integral part of the bilateral relations is mutual trust, understanding and concern, thus, resulting in maturity and pragmatism, irrespective of the uncertainties that the two countries face. It is in this context, that the new stage in the bilateral relations between the two countries requires a thorough assessment. It stands to reason that with the developments that are taking place in the current international milieu, there is a need for India and Russia to reemphasise their strong strategic partnership, goodwill and diplomatic trust that have stood the test of time. This book undertakes a serious assessment of the strategic partnership in the contemporary international set up. The seven chapters of the book attempt to address the myriad challenges through detailed analyses and evaluation of the partnership between India and Russia in various spheres, including the political, defence, economic, nuclear, energy, science and technology, security, and strategic engagement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19799937" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="58ef21a30aac7f6e4cf35fd4b54cd750" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52926732,"asset_id":19799937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52926732/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4169085" href="https://icwa.academia.edu/DrChandraRekha">Dr. Chandra Rekha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4169085" type="text/json">{"id":4169085,"first_name":"Dr. Chandra","last_name":"Rekha","domain_name":"icwa","page_name":"DrChandraRekha","display_name":"Dr. Chandra Rekha","profile_url":"https://icwa.academia.edu/DrChandraRekha?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4169085/1628587/18462960/s65_chandra.rekha.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19799937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19799937"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19799937, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19799937", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19799937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19799937; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19799937"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19799937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19799937"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19799937; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19799937]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19799937").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19799937").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19799937"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">33</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1911" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies">International Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1911" type="text/json">{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19799937]'), work: {"id":19799937,"title":"INDIA-RUSSIA POST COLD WAR RELATIONS: A NEW EPOCH OF COOPERATION","created_at":"2015-12-23T03:25:22.163-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19799937/INDIA_RUSSIA_POST_COLD_WAR_RELATIONS_A_NEW_EPOCH_OF_COOPERATION?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_19799937","summary":"Post Cold War international relations have undeniably been a litmus test for the bilateral relations between India and Russia. With the emergence of a new international system, the foreign policies of both countries vacillated to explore new avenues of partnerships with other international players, an opportunity that otherwise proved effective to a large extent. National priorities and the geo-political architecture remodelled by the US, thus, compelled New Delhi and Moscow to pursue a foreign policy that moved away from serving the interests of each other. While defining the trends in the bilateral relations between the two countries, the strategic community has questioned whether the relationship can remain as special and strategic as it had been in the past. Are both countries still as relevant to one another as they once were?\r\n\r\nAs the constant debate revolves around these questions, the two entities have, however, indicated a certain level of distinguishing characteristics in order to address the complexities and challenges in the partnership and have acknowledged that their relationship is not only special but also indispensable. What has also continued to remain undamaged and an integral part of the bilateral relations is mutual trust, understanding and concern, thus, resulting in maturity and pragmatism, irrespective of the uncertainties that the two countries face. It is in this context, that the new stage in the bilateral relations between the two countries requires a thorough assessment. It stands to reason that with the developments that are taking place in the current international milieu, there is a need for India and Russia to reemphasise their strong strategic partnership, goodwill and diplomatic trust that have stood the test of time. This book undertakes a serious assessment of the strategic partnership in the contemporary international set up. The seven chapters of the book attempt to address the myriad challenges through detailed analyses and evaluation of the partnership between India and Russia in various spheres, including the political, defence, economic, nuclear, energy, science and technology, security, and strategic engagement.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52926732,"asset_id":19799937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4169085,"first_name":"Dr. Chandra","last_name":"Rekha","domain_name":"icwa","page_name":"DrChandraRekha","display_name":"Dr. Chandra Rekha","profile_url":"https://icwa.academia.edu/DrChandraRekha?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4169085/1628587/18462960/s65_chandra.rekha.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=69711"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=69711"},{"id":4370,"name":"Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security?f_ri=69711"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=69711"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":5895,"name":"Russian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":14018,"name":"Post Cold War Era","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Cold_War_Era?f_ri=69711"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":27208,"name":"Social Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Studies?f_ri=69711"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=69711"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":73261,"name":"World Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":73937,"name":"Political Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Studies?f_ri=69711"},{"id":76189,"name":"Emerging Powers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Powers?f_ri=69711"},{"id":103932,"name":"BRICS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BRICS?f_ri=69711"},{"id":131971,"name":"Global Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":160948,"name":"Global Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Security?f_ri=69711"},{"id":174704,"name":"Defence and Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_and_Strategic_Studies?f_ri=69711"},{"id":194144,"name":"Indian security studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_security_studies?f_ri=69711"},{"id":219347,"name":"International Relations, Trade Negotiations, Emerging Powers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Trade_Negotiations_Emerging_Powers?f_ri=69711"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=69711"},{"id":349294,"name":"BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BRICS_nations_Brazil_Russia_India_China_and_South_Africa_?f_ri=69711"},{"id":749359,"name":"India Relations with Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_Relations_with_Russia?f_ri=69711"},{"id":817481,"name":"India Russia Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_Russia_Relations?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1109819,"name":"International Relations in the Post-Cold War era","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_in_the_Post-Cold_War_era?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1146932,"name":"India and Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_and_Russia?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40264287" data-work_id="40264287" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40264287/MAKE_IN_INDIA_A_FEASIBILITY_STUDY">MAKE IN INDIA: A FEASIBILITY STUDY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The phrase-Make in India has been accepted with much fanfare. It is gaining an extremely wide and deep mind and literature positioning as if the country had been revealed upon a magical staff which will change India's production... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40264287" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The phrase-Make in India has been accepted with much fanfare. It is gaining an extremely wide and deep mind and literature positioning as if the country had been revealed upon a magical staff which will change India's production capabilities in no time. As part of the economic reform campaign, the plank-Make in India-pledges to encourage multinational companies and Indian companies as well to manufacture their products in India, focus on job creation and skill development, increase GDP growth and tax proceeds, attract capital and technological investment in India and many more. The paper attempts to analyse whether the campaign will succeed in convincing the foreign players of business as well as the domestic business tycoons who have resorted to conduct business operations outside to set up manufacturing units in India and exploit local minds and resources in the face of India's low positions in terms of ease of doing business. The success of-phrase‖ assumes further significance in light of the worsening religious harmony and the country marching ahead on the path of Kakistocracy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40264287" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="918d43eb35e8df959e4abfddd26eb9fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60499628,"asset_id":40264287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60499628/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53271069" href="https://moe.academia.edu/DrAlamAhmad">Dr. Alam Ahmad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53271069" type="text/json">{"id":53271069,"first_name":"Dr. Alam","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"moe","page_name":"DrAlamAhmad","display_name":"Dr. Alam Ahmad","profile_url":"https://moe.academia.edu/DrAlamAhmad?f_ri=69711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40264287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40264287"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40264287, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40264287", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40264287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40264287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40264287"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40264287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40264287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40264287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40264287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40264287").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40264287").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40264287"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2979" type="text/json">{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business">Small Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3131" type="text/json">{"id":3131,"name":"Small Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40264287]'), work: {"id":40264287,"title":"MAKE IN INDIA: A FEASIBILITY STUDY","created_at":"2019-09-05T15:07:29.028-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40264287/MAKE_IN_INDIA_A_FEASIBILITY_STUDY?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_40264287","summary":"The phrase-Make in India has been accepted with much fanfare. It is gaining an extremely wide and deep mind and literature positioning as if the country had been revealed upon a magical staff which will change India's production capabilities in no time. As part of the economic reform campaign, the plank-Make in India-pledges to encourage multinational companies and Indian companies as well to manufacture their products in India, focus on job creation and skill development, increase GDP growth and tax proceeds, attract capital and technological investment in India and many more. The paper attempts to analyse whether the campaign will succeed in convincing the foreign players of business as well as the domestic business tycoons who have resorted to conduct business operations outside to set up manufacturing units in India and exploit local minds and resources in the face of India's low positions in terms of ease of doing business. The success of-phrase‖ assumes further significance in light of the worsening religious harmony and the country marching ahead on the path of Kakistocracy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60499628,"asset_id":40264287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53271069,"first_name":"Dr. Alam","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"moe","page_name":"DrAlamAhmad","display_name":"Dr. Alam Ahmad","profile_url":"https://moe.academia.edu/DrAlamAhmad?f_ri=69711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":3131,"name":"Small Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":23873,"name":"Small and Medium-scale Enterprises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_and_Medium-scale_Enterprises?f_ri=69711"},{"id":27694,"name":"Small \u0026 Micro Business Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_and_Micro_Business_Growth?f_ri=69711"},{"id":52982,"name":"Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce?f_ri=69711"},{"id":58414,"name":"Export-Import","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Export-Import?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":171676,"name":"Small and medium enterprises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_and_medium_enterprises?f_ri=69711"},{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":428155,"name":"MSMEs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MSMEs?f_ri=69711"},{"id":444536,"name":"Government Policies towards MSMEs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Policies_towards_MSMEs?f_ri=69711"},{"id":549930,"name":"Manufacturing Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_Sector?f_ri=69711"},{"id":597877,"name":"Aligarh muslim university","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aligarh_muslim_university?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1737756,"name":"Indian manufacturing sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_manufacturing_sector?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1885052,"name":"Ease of Doing Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ease_of_Doing_Business?f_ri=69711"},{"id":2043366,"name":"Make in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Make_in_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":2574420,"name":"Jamia Millia Islamia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jamia_Millia_Islamia?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16698642" data-work_id="16698642" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16698642/Sri_Aurobindo_on_theory_of_Swaraj_in_comparison_with_Contemporaries">Sri Aurobindo on theory of Swaraj in comparison with Contemporaries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Swaraj is a political cry for pre-independent India. But Sri Aurobindo viewed Swaraj even from its spiritual sense. I try to mention this hidden spirituality behind his thesis of Swaraj.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16698642" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="812e43a11f45781763bb25f9e9d83f02" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39125991,"asset_id":16698642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39125991/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2812280" href="https://chandigarhuniversity.academia.edu/DrDebashriBanerjee">Dr. Debashri Banerjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2812280" type="text/json">{"id":2812280,"first_name":"Dr. Debashri","last_name":"Banerjee","domain_name":"chandigarhuniversity","page_name":"DrDebashriBanerjee","display_name":"Dr. Debashri Banerjee","profile_url":"https://chandigarhuniversity.academia.edu/DrDebashriBanerjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2812280/929338/19231395/s65_debashri.banerjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16698642 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16698642"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16698642, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16698642", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16698642 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16698642; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16698642"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16698642 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16698642"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16698642; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16698642]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16698642").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16698642").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16698642"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality">Spirituality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3815" type="text/json">{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12349" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Mysticism">Spirituality & Mysticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12349" type="text/json">{"id":12349,"name":"Spirituality \u0026 Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Mysticism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40953" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40953" type="text/json">{"id":40953,"name":"Sri Aurobindo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Aurobindo?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16698642]'), work: {"id":16698642,"title":"Sri Aurobindo on theory of Swaraj in comparison with Contemporaries","created_at":"2015-10-12T07:54:42.222-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16698642/Sri_Aurobindo_on_theory_of_Swaraj_in_comparison_with_Contemporaries?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_16698642","summary":"Swaraj is a political cry for pre-independent India. But Sri Aurobindo viewed Swaraj even from its spiritual sense. I try to mention this hidden spirituality behind his thesis of Swaraj. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39125991,"asset_id":16698642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2812280,"first_name":"Dr. Debashri","last_name":"Banerjee","domain_name":"chandigarhuniversity","page_name":"DrDebashriBanerjee","display_name":"Dr. Debashri Banerjee","profile_url":"https://chandigarhuniversity.academia.edu/DrDebashriBanerjee?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2812280/929338/19231395/s65_debashri.banerjee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":12349,"name":"Spirituality \u0026 Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Mysticism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":40953,"name":"Sri Aurobindo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Aurobindo?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":925505,"name":"Swaraj","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swaraj?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11510693" data-work_id="11510693" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11510693/DEVELOPING_UNDERSTANDING_OF_A_CITY_POPULATION_IN_LOCAL_GOVERNMENT_A_CASE_STUDY_IN_ORGANISATIONAL_LEARNING">DEVELOPING UNDERSTANDING OF A CITY POPULATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A CASE STUDY IN ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research, conducted by the author when a Senior Researcher at Newcastle University, UK, was funded by a UK governance organisation to help them assess, integrate and improve their understanding of the governed population.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11510693" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research, conducted by the author when a Senior Researcher at Newcastle University, UK, was funded by a UK governance organisation to help them assess, integrate and improve their understanding of the governed population. <br /> <br />ABSTRACT: Governance organisations have been urged to develop more holistic evidence-based approaches with partners to better deal with issues affecting the governed population. This presupposes an understanding of the population, yet there has been little research work addressing how governance organisations come to understand their governed population, nor how this understanding can be improved upon within such organisations. <br /> <br />This case study examined in-depth how understanding of a governed population was developed within one UK local governance organisation and it explored how such understanding might be developed and improved through more holistic and evidence-based organisational learning within the organisation and its governance partnerships. <br /> <br />The research methodology involved placement within the governance organisation, participant observations on several projects and innovative initiatives, observations within, across, and outside the organisation, and also interviews with varied key stakeholders. <br /> <br />The study examined: <br /> <br />- stakeholder engagement and networks <br />- current and varied understandings of the population <br />- mechanisms actually used for developing understandings <br />- the influence of context on organisational learning <br /> <br />and analysed these to arrive at a recommendations to improve organisational understanding of the governed population. <br /> <br />In the case studied, significant strengths were found: including innovative past learning trials for development, extensive ongoing networking activities, and many varied and accumulating quantitative datasets available across partnerships. <br /> <br />However, entrenched organisational approaches and practices constrained the development of holistic evidence-based understanding, for instance: the absence of systematic maintained collective learning processes; weak recording and forgetting of understandings; methodological exclusion of stakeholders from the development of understanding; the relative neglect of qualitative data, explanations, investigations, interpretations, and reflexivity; and also implicit organisational acceptance of such limitations and low aspirations. <br /> <br />Nonetheless, untapped opportunities existed to enable change including: latent practitioner knowledge and innovative management champions, the desire for improvement and raised aspirations within learning networks, and the development potential of alterative learning approaches. <br /> <br />It was concluded that more holistic evidence-based understanding was possible, but required new learning approaches beyond those then in use in both local government or academia.    <br /> <br />Recommendations are made to utilise and develop improved organisational learning approaches trialed and reported in the case study. <br /> <br />It is argued that the case study findings, conclusions, and recommendations may be applicable to other similar local governance organisations and partnerships that seek to better understand local populations, services and interventions. <br /> <br />The work was also submitted for, and awarded, an MPhil (at Newcastle University, supervised by Prof. Patsy Healy)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11510693" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db20e701dbf8a2e3e6c2b96ab66cb23e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37023258,"asset_id":11510693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37023258/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18878088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/trevorwren">Trevor Wren BSc MA MPhil PhD MBA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18878088" type="text/json">{"id":18878088,"first_name":"Trevor","last_name":"Wren BSc MA MPhil PhD MBA","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"trevorwren","display_name":"Trevor Wren BSc MA MPhil PhD MBA","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/trevorwren?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18878088/5247911/6001811/s65_trevor.wren.jpg_oh_12adb13cb0c446279d6b0139cd929fbc_oe_54f03f51___gda___1425507246_85468fc3920de1b4fce8638dfb1ba988"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11510693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11510693"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11510693, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11510693", }); 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This presupposes an understanding of the population, yet there has been little research work addressing how governance organisations come to understand their governed population, nor how this understanding can be improved upon within such organisations. \r\n\r\nThis case study examined in-depth how understanding of a governed population was developed within one UK local governance organisation and it explored how such understanding might be developed and improved through more holistic and evidence-based organisational learning within the organisation and its governance partnerships.\r\n\r\nThe research methodology involved placement within the governance organisation, participant observations on several projects and innovative initiatives, observations within, across, and outside the organisation, and also interviews with varied key stakeholders. \r\n\r\nThe study examined: \r\n\r\n- stakeholder engagement and networks\r\n- current and varied understandings of the population\r\n- mechanisms actually used for developing understandings\r\n- the influence of context on organisational learning\r\n\r\nand analysed these to arrive at a recommendations to improve organisational understanding of the governed population.\r\n\r\nIn the case studied, significant strengths were found: including innovative past learning trials for development, extensive ongoing networking activities, and many varied and accumulating quantitative datasets available across partnerships. \r\n\r\nHowever, entrenched organisational approaches and practices constrained the development of holistic evidence-based understanding, for instance: the absence of systematic maintained collective learning processes; weak recording and forgetting of understandings; methodological exclusion of stakeholders from the development of understanding; the relative neglect of qualitative data, explanations, investigations, interpretations, and reflexivity; and also implicit organisational acceptance of such limitations and low aspirations. \r\n\r\nNonetheless, untapped opportunities existed to enable change including: latent practitioner knowledge and innovative management champions, the desire for improvement and raised aspirations within learning networks, and the development potential of alterative learning approaches. \r\n\r\nIt was concluded that more holistic evidence-based understanding was possible, but required new learning approaches beyond those then in use in both local government or academia. \r\n\r\nRecommendations are made to utilise and develop improved organisational learning approaches trialed and reported in the case study. \r\n\r\nIt is argued that the case study findings, conclusions, and recommendations may be applicable to other similar local governance organisations and partnerships that seek to better understand local populations, services and interventions. \r\n\r\nThe work was also submitted for, and awarded, an MPhil (at Newcastle University, supervised by 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Indian democracy is shallower and hollower now than a decade ago. If India has to develop into a full-blown democracy, instead of merely gloating over... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74108816" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">India has entered the new Millennium without the aura of the much-touted millennium. Indian democracy is shallower and hollower now than a decade ago. If India has to develop into a full-blown democracy, instead of merely gloating over sustaining democracy as its greatest achievement, India ought to strengthen its democratic structures and institutions and work overtime to offer, among other things, clean, efficient, secular and transparent and corruption-free governance; rapid expansion of civil space for rapid secularisation and democratisation of state and society with secular public institutions mediating between both; equip and energise the judiciary for expeditious justice delivery, especially for the masses who cannot afford to spend and cannot afford to wait; and protect and uplift the weaker sections from poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and social oppression. As the nation has been caught between the two evils Congress and the BJP, making the hapless masses forlorn, team...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74108816" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42260" href="https://mids.academia.edu/RadhakrishnanPuthenveetil">Radhakrishnan Puthenveetil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42260" type="text/json">{"id":42260,"first_name":"Radhakrishnan","last_name":"Puthenveetil","domain_name":"mids","page_name":"RadhakrishnanPuthenveetil","display_name":"Radhakrishnan Puthenveetil","profile_url":"https://mids.academia.edu/RadhakrishnanPuthenveetil?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42260/13705/12823/s65_radhakrishnan.puthenveetil.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74108816 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74108816"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74108816, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74108816", }); 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Indian democracy is shallower and hollower now than a decade ago. If India has to develop into a full-blown democracy, instead of merely gloating over sustaining democracy as its greatest achievement, India ought to strengthen its democratic structures and institutions and work overtime to offer, among other things, clean, efficient, secular and transparent and corruption-free governance; rapid expansion of civil space for rapid secularisation and democratisation of state and society with secular public institutions mediating between both; equip and energise the judiciary for expeditious justice delivery, especially for the masses who cannot afford to spend and cannot afford to wait; and protect and uplift the weaker sections from poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and social oppression. As the nation has been caught between the two evils Congress and the BJP, making the hapless masses forlorn, team...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42260,"first_name":"Radhakrishnan","last_name":"Puthenveetil","domain_name":"mids","page_name":"RadhakrishnanPuthenveetil","display_name":"Radhakrishnan Puthenveetil","profile_url":"https://mids.academia.edu/RadhakrishnanPuthenveetil?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42260/13705/12823/s65_radhakrishnan.puthenveetil.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":73699,"name":"Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corruption?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":79325,"name":"Current Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Current_Affairs?f_ri=69711"},{"id":137787,"name":"Communalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communalism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":908347,"name":"Indian Elections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Elections?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29002249" data-work_id="29002249" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29002249/ROLE_OF_TECHNOLOGY_IN_ADVANCEMENT_OF_INDIAN_AGRICULTURE">ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ADVANCEMENT OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper aims to examine the role of technology in advancement of Indian agriculture. Agriculture sector of Indian economy is the mainstay of the rural Indian economy. Presently agriculture sector accounts approx 14% in the GDP. It is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29002249" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper aims to examine the role of technology in advancement of Indian agriculture. Agriculture sector of Indian economy is the mainstay of the rural Indian economy. Presently agriculture sector accounts approx 14% in the GDP. It is the largest employment source which cuts poverty twice as fast as industrial growth because to a 1% increase in agriculture output raises industrial production by 0.5% and GDP by 0.7%. Hence, it is a significant piece of the overall socio economic development of India. This paper investigates the role of technology in the field of agriculture since throughout the history of Indian economy there was a low productivity level and a mass of widespread poverty and unemployment. To counter these new policies were framed introducing modern technologies to end the dependency on food grain imports. Technologies like Green Revolution, well equipped machines and irrigation system, emergence of poly houses, organic farming, increase in fertility of soil, etc; witnessed a boom in production and yield in agriculture sector. The result of this study is intended to advance knowledge of the development of agriculture with the means of technology and also highlight several problems associated with issues to overcome the agriculture backwardness's with context to Indian economy. This paper is based upon secondary data through which the direct relationship and challenges between agriculture and technology would be analyzed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29002249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a81520acac690801644941b3d3bfb04c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49450202,"asset_id":29002249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49450202/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54679456" href="https://banasthali.academia.edu/JyotiSingh">Jyoti Singh..</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54679456" type="text/json">{"id":54679456,"first_name":"Jyoti","last_name":"Singh..","domain_name":"banasthali","page_name":"JyotiSingh","display_name":"Jyoti Singh..","profile_url":"https://banasthali.academia.edu/JyotiSingh?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54679456/14418968/18384279/s65_jyoti.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29002249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29002249"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29002249, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29002249", }); 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Agriculture sector of Indian economy is the mainstay of the rural Indian economy. Presently agriculture sector accounts approx 14% in the GDP. It is the largest employment source which cuts poverty twice as fast as industrial growth because to a 1% increase in agriculture output raises industrial production by 0.5% and GDP by 0.7%. Hence, it is a significant piece of the overall socio economic development of India. This paper investigates the role of technology in the field of agriculture since throughout the history of Indian economy there was a low productivity level and a mass of widespread poverty and unemployment. To counter these new policies were framed introducing modern technologies to end the dependency on food grain imports. Technologies like Green Revolution, well equipped machines and irrigation system, emergence of poly houses, organic farming, increase in fertility of soil, etc; witnessed a boom in production and yield in agriculture sector. The result of this study is intended to advance knowledge of the development of agriculture with the means of technology and also highlight several problems associated with issues to overcome the agriculture backwardness's with context to Indian economy. This paper is based upon secondary data through which the direct relationship and challenges between agriculture and technology would be analyzed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49450202,"asset_id":29002249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54679456,"first_name":"Jyoti","last_name":"Singh..","domain_name":"banasthali","page_name":"JyotiSingh","display_name":"Jyoti Singh..","profile_url":"https://banasthali.academia.edu/JyotiSingh?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54679456/14418968/18384279/s65_jyoti.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":8882,"name":"Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":143636,"name":"INDIAN ECONOMY CONDITIO DEVELOPMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INDIAN_ECONOMY_CONDITIO_DEVELOPMENT?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2699809" data-work_id="2699809" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2699809/Sayyid_Abu_l_A_la_Maududi_on_Islamic_Economics_A_Review_Article">Sayyid Abu’l A‘la Maududi on Islamic Economics: A Review Article</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article reviews an English translation of "First Principles of Islamic Economics" (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 2011) by Maulana Sayyid Abu’l A‘la Maududi (1903–1979), a foundational document of the field, that was published in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2699809" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article reviews an English translation of "First Principles of Islamic Economics" (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 2011) by Maulana Sayyid Abu’l A‘la Maududi (1903–1979), a foundational document of the field, that was published in Urdu in 1969. After a brief Introduction the selections in this book are arranged in two parts: Islam’s philosophy (or system, the words are used interchangeably) of economic life, and the application of this philosophy to some specific economic issues. The article reviews the text, and provides a brief guide to the semantic minefield that readers of translated texts on Islamic economics must traverse.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2699809" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc150b6a9f28fd8ce04dd9538751fe4c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30690396,"asset_id":2699809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30690396/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1888386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArshadZaman">Arshad Zaman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1888386" type="text/json">{"id":1888386,"first_name":"Arshad","last_name":"Zaman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArshadZaman","display_name":"Arshad Zaman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArshadZaman?f_ri=69711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2699809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2699809"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2699809, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2699809", }); 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After a brief Introduction the selections in this book are arranged in two parts: Islam’s philosophy (or system, the words are used interchangeably) of economic life, and the application of this philosophy to some specific economic issues. 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sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Hadith_sciences?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1223709,"name":"Islamic law and jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_law_and_jurisprudence-1?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1223710,"name":"Muslim philosophy and thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_philosophy_and_thought?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1223711,"name":"Contemporary Muslim society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Muslim_society?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59051091" data-work_id="59051091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59051091/Recent_Trends_in_Indian_Politics">Recent Trends in Indian Politics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">First of all, Indian politics is a very complicated and very diversified topic to discuss upon.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59051091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="229af2370b9fce02f6f2a61a58382868" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73167766,"asset_id":59051091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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Sarkar","profile_url":"https://mgmahavidyalaya.academia.edu/SaurangshuSarkar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64971916/16900230/88639204/s65_saurangshu.sarkar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59051091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59051091"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59051091, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59051091", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59051091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59051091; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var 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Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93709" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Indian_Politics">Contemporary Indian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93709" type="text/json">{"id":93709,"name":"Contemporary Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="216994" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Media">Indian Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="216994" type="text/json">{"id":216994,"name":"Indian Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Media?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59051091]'), work: {"id":59051091,"title":"Recent Trends in Indian Politics","created_at":"2021-10-19T11:13:58.949-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59051091/Recent_Trends_in_Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_59051091","summary":"First of all, Indian politics is a very complicated and very diversified topic to discuss upon.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73167766,"asset_id":59051091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64971916,"first_name":"Saurangshu","last_name":"Sarkar","domain_name":"mgmahavidyalaya","page_name":"SaurangshuSarkar","display_name":"Saurangshu Sarkar","profile_url":"https://mgmahavidyalaya.academia.edu/SaurangshuSarkar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64971916/16900230/88639204/s65_saurangshu.sarkar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":93709,"name":"Contemporary Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":216994,"name":"Indian Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Media?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":710986,"name":"Modern Indian History and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Indian_History_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40233099" data-work_id="40233099" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40233099/Federalism_and_Local_Government_in_India">Federalism and Local Government in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book is about multi-level governance. That implies that federalism is not just two tier system but a three tier system. Therefore the book contends that the studies on federalism should include the third tier of local government and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40233099" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book is about multi-level governance. That implies that federalism is not just two tier system but a three tier system. Therefore the book contends that the studies on federalism should include the third tier of local government and local government and decentralisation studies should conduct their studies within the ambit of federal government institutions and relations and processes. Besides this the book is also written with the conviction that within Indian polity and its contemporary political economy the State governments can do enormously more to further the cause of local government than the distant Union government can. Three reasons attest to this: a) The constitution privileges the State governments to carry out decentralization further to the local people b) In the present scenario of liberalized market economy it is the States which are locus of economic growth and development c) many observers of Indian polity too confirm that there is a shift towards the States and regions in determining even national electoral fortunes. While the above reasons strengthen federalism these three reasons are also sufficient to reconsider the relationship between federalism and local government in today’s India. Does the constitutional sanction, more economic freedom and more recognition of states role within the Union-do these lead to making the lives of ordinary people better at the ground level? Does federalism mean more powers functions and resources to local governments too? These are some of the questions this book attempts to address.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40233099" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3183e643e39b31dcd86df49907b64830" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60463890,"asset_id":40233099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60463890/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="796972" href="https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar">Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="796972" type="text/json">{"id":796972,"first_name":"Professor Anil Kumar","last_name":"Vaddiraju","domain_name":"isec","page_name":"httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar","display_name":"Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40233099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40233099"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40233099, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40233099", }); 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That implies that federalism is not just two tier system but a three tier system. Therefore the book contends that the studies on federalism should include the third tier of local government and local government and decentralisation studies should conduct their studies within the ambit of federal government institutions and relations and processes. Besides this the book is also written with the conviction that within Indian polity and its contemporary political economy the State governments can do enormously more to further the cause of local government than the distant Union government can. Three reasons attest to this: a) The constitution privileges the State governments to carry out decentralization further to the local people b) In the present scenario of liberalized market economy it is the States which are locus of economic growth and development c) many observers of Indian polity too confirm that there is a shift towards the States and regions in determining even national electoral fortunes. While the above reasons strengthen federalism these three reasons are also sufficient to reconsider the relationship between federalism and local government in today’s India. Does the constitutional sanction, more economic freedom and more recognition of states role within the Union-do these lead to making the lives of ordinary people better at the ground level? Does federalism mean more powers functions and resources to local governments too? These are some of the questions this book attempts to address. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60463890,"asset_id":40233099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":796972,"first_name":"Professor Anil Kumar","last_name":"Vaddiraju","domain_name":"isec","page_name":"httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar","display_name":"Professor Anil Kumar Vaddiraju","profile_url":"https://isec.academia.edu/httpsisecacademiaeduAnilKumar?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/796972/1245317/32281076/s65_anil_kumar.vaddiraju.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":205,"name":"Rural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Sociology?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":5102,"name":"Regional and Local Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_and_Local_Governance?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":5938,"name":"Local Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":6285,"name":"Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":8211,"name":"Local Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Economic_Development?f_ri=69711"},{"id":8315,"name":"Local Government and Local Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development?f_ri=69711"},{"id":9676,"name":"Political Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Institutions?f_ri=69711"},{"id":13396,"name":"Political Economy of Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Development?f_ri=69711"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":28462,"name":"Decentralisation processes and development 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5355418" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/AjayMehra">Ajay K Mehra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5355418" type="text/json">{"id":5355418,"first_name":"Ajay","last_name":"Mehra","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"AjayMehra","display_name":"Ajay K Mehra","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/AjayMehra?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5355418/2351717/18690052/s65_ajay.mehra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12838386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12838386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12838386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12838386", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12838386 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Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Theory">Constitutional Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21527" type="text/json">{"id":21527,"name":"Constitutional Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Theory?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30471" type="text/json">{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43930" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_History">Constitutional History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43930" type="text/json">{"id":43930,"name":"Constitutional History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_History?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12838386]'), work: {"id":12838386,"title":"'Due Process' and 'Procedure Established by Law'","created_at":"2015-06-07T01:08:01.032-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12838386/Due_Process_and_Procedure_Established_by_Law?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_12838386","summary":"The essay explores through an intense reading of the debates in the Constituent Assembly of India how 'Procedure Established by Law' got a preference over 'Due Process of Law' in the Indian Constitution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37847175,"asset_id":12838386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5355418,"first_name":"Ajay","last_name":"Mehra","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"AjayMehra","display_name":"Ajay K Mehra","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/AjayMehra?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5355418/2351717/18690052/s65_ajay.mehra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":21527,"name":"Constitutional Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Theory?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":43930,"name":"Constitutional 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14595704/Institutional_Communalism_in_India">Institutional Communalism in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The fight against institutional communalism in India alerts us to a challenge bigger than merely inflicting electoral defeats on Hindu communal parties and organisations. Even if such parties are defeated electorally, institutional Hindu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14595704" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The fight against institutional communalism in India alerts us to a challenge bigger than merely inflicting electoral defeats on Hindu communal parties and organisations. Even if such parties are defeated electorally, institutional Hindu communalism remains pervasive in varying degrees in India’s Constitution, judiciary, civil services, electoral and parliamentary institutions, security forces, prisons, academia, media, corporate business, and even non-governmental organisations, it will continue as a social, cultural and<br />politico-economic force to disadvantage the lives of minority communities in India.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14595704" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a56d442013a892339240e1cb10ce6af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38363253,"asset_id":14595704,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38363253/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3210046" href="https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/PritamSingh">Pritam Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3210046" type="text/json">{"id":3210046,"first_name":"Pritam","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"PritamSingh","display_name":"Pritam Singh","profile_url":"https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/PritamSingh?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3210046/1055828/18380849/s65_pritam.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14595704 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14595704"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14595704, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14595704", }); 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Even if such parties are defeated electorally, institutional Hindu communalism remains pervasive in varying degrees in India’s Constitution, judiciary, civil services, electoral and parliamentary institutions, security forces, prisons, academia, media, corporate business, and even non-governmental organisations, it will continue as a social, cultural and\npolitico-economic force to disadvantage the lives of minority communities in India.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38363253,"asset_id":14595704,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3210046,"first_name":"Pritam","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"PritamSingh","display_name":"Pritam 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racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_racism?f_ri=69711"},{"id":92458,"name":"Hindutva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindutva?f_ri=69711"},{"id":115256,"name":"Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biases?f_ri=69711"},{"id":127033,"name":"Indian judiciary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_judiciary?f_ri=69711"},{"id":140327,"name":"Minority-Majority Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority-Majority_Relations?f_ri=69711"},{"id":158222,"name":"Indian Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Army?f_ri=69711"},{"id":216994,"name":"Indian Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Media?f_ri=69711"},{"id":257542,"name":"Hindu Nationalism in Modern India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindu_Nationalism_in_Modern_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":863679,"name":"Indian Administration and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Administration_and_Governance?f_ri=69711"},{"id":1157037,"name":"Institutional Racism Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Racism_Britain?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81206357" data-work_id="81206357" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81206357/RSS_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_VIDEO">RSS के राष्ट्र-विरोधी चरित्र पर VIDEO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">RSS के राष्ट्र-विरोधी चरित्र पर VIDEO<br /><br />RSS के राष्ट्र-विरोधी चरित्र को इसके अपने दस्तावेज़ों की रोशनी में जानें। (VIDEO)<br />RSS के पास भी उसके उतने दस्तावेज़ नहीं होंगे जितने मेरे पास हैं! <br /><br /><a href="https://youtu.be/37tw9-mITJ4" rel="nofollow">https://youtu.be/37tw9-mITJ4</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81206357" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19ee60ece91b898dca74956f85d5ff27" rel="nofollow" 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Sangh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rashtriya_Swayam_Sewak_Sangh?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22238140" data-work_id="22238140" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22238140/Impact_of_Student_Police_Cadet_Programme_on_Student_Community">Impact of Student Police Cadet Programme on Student Community</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done, but cannot do at all, or cannot so well do for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22238140" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a28e4c22bb6d81ae3247de8fc6eecdb8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42889190,"asset_id":22238140,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42889190/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subaltern_Studies">Subaltern Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29367" type="text/json">{"id":29367,"name":"Subaltern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subaltern_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29841" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis">Public Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29841" type="text/json">{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39673" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism_and_Social_Justice">Feminism and Social Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39673" type="text/json">{"id":39673,"name":"Feminism and Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism_and_Social_Justice?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22238140]'), work: {"id":22238140,"title":"Impact of Student Police Cadet Programme on Student Community","created_at":"2016-02-20T21:13:34.289-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22238140/Impact_of_Student_Police_Cadet_Programme_on_Student_Community?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_22238140","summary":"The legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done, but cannot do at all, or cannot so well do for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42889190,"asset_id":22238140,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43044226,"first_name":"NEETHU","last_name":"BIJU","domain_name":"iitm","page_name":"NEETHUBIJU","display_name":"NEETHU S BIJU","profile_url":"https://iitm.academia.edu/NEETHUBIJU?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43044226/11645251/34883252/s65_neethu.biju.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":29367,"name":"Subaltern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subaltern_Studies?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":29841,"name":"Public Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":39673,"name":"Feminism and Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism_and_Social_Justice?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":314290,"name":"Indian Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Political_Thought?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_492294" data-work_id="492294" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/492294/The_Evolution_of_Indian_Government_Policy_on_Ayurveda_in_the_Twentieth_Century">The Evolution of Indian Government Policy on Ayurveda in the Twentieth Century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">2008 published in Modern and Global Ayurveda, ed. Dagmar Wujastyk and Frederick Smith (SUNY Press, NY).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/492294" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c4b5e803500e2bf618cb2581ce1d21a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3486119,"asset_id":492294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3486119/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22593" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/DominikWujastyk">Dominik Wujastyk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22593" type="text/json">{"id":22593,"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Wujastyk","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"DominikWujastyk","display_name":"Dominik Wujastyk","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/DominikWujastyk?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22593/7562/7220/s65_dominik.wujastyk.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_492294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="492294"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 492294, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_492294", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=492294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_492294").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_492294").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="492294"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9862" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9862" type="text/json">{"id":9862,"name":"Ayurveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayurveda?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=492294]'), work: {"id":492294,"title":"The Evolution of Indian Government Policy on Ayurveda in the Twentieth Century","created_at":"2011-03-26T04:25:57.897-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/492294/The_Evolution_of_Indian_Government_Policy_on_Ayurveda_in_the_Twentieth_Century?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_492294","summary":"2008 published in Modern and Global Ayurveda, ed. Dagmar Wujastyk and Frederick Smith (SUNY Press, NY).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3486119,"asset_id":492294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22593,"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Wujastyk","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"DominikWujastyk","display_name":"Dominik Wujastyk","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/DominikWujastyk?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22593/7562/7220/s65_dominik.wujastyk.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9862,"name":"Ayurveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayurveda?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12856656" data-work_id="12856656" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12856656/The_Indian_Emergency_of_1975_77_An_Era_of_Discipline_in_a_Democracy">The Indian Emergency of 1975-77: An Era of Discipline in a Democracy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Indian Emergency of 1975-77 is the dark troubling phase of India’s political history. It is popularly consider as the proliferation and manifestation of coercive sovereign power. However, in terms of the developments during the Indian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12856656" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Indian Emergency of 1975-77 is the dark troubling phase of India’s political history. It is popularly consider as the proliferation and manifestation of coercive sovereign power. However, in terms of the developments during the Indian Emergency of 1975-77, it is interesting to consider, if, besides coercive nature of the hard state prevailed during Emergency, India also witnessed the proliferation of ‘power of discipline’ simultaneously and its effects on human lives in particular and the society in general. This paper attempts to argue that the ‘power of discipline’ is another modality of power which makes individuals docile subjects during Emergency in the Foucauldian sense. It would not be wrong to suggest during that time, India witnessed an ‘era of discipline’.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12856656" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3dc916f344962e6c56b672711fa90d65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37852775,"asset_id":12856656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37852775/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31324865" href="https://jnu.academia.edu/MeenakshiGogoi">Meenakshi Gogoi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31324865" type="text/json">{"id":31324865,"first_name":"Meenakshi","last_name":"Gogoi","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"MeenakshiGogoi","display_name":"Meenakshi Gogoi","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/MeenakshiGogoi?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31324865/9228046/72949331/s65_meenakshi.gogoi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12856656 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12856656"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12856656, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12856656", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12856656]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12856656").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12856656").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12856656"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault">Michel Foucault</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11927" type="text/json">{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12856656]'), work: {"id":12856656,"title":"The Indian Emergency of 1975-77: An Era of Discipline in a Democracy","created_at":"2015-06-08T00:15:21.434-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12856656/The_Indian_Emergency_of_1975_77_An_Era_of_Discipline_in_a_Democracy?f_ri=69711","dom_id":"work_12856656","summary":"The Indian Emergency of 1975-77 is the dark troubling phase of India’s political history. It is popularly consider as the proliferation and manifestation of coercive sovereign power. However, in terms of the developments during the Indian Emergency of 1975-77, it is interesting to consider, if, besides coercive nature of the hard state prevailed during Emergency, India also witnessed the proliferation of ‘power of discipline’ simultaneously and its effects on human lives in particular and the society in general. This paper attempts to argue that the ‘power of discipline’ is another modality of power which makes individuals docile subjects during Emergency in the Foucauldian sense. It would not be wrong to suggest during that time, India witnessed an ‘era of discipline’.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37852775,"asset_id":12856656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31324865,"first_name":"Meenakshi","last_name":"Gogoi","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"MeenakshiGogoi","display_name":"Meenakshi Gogoi","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/MeenakshiGogoi?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31324865/9228046/72949331/s65_meenakshi.gogoi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":24892,"name":"Surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance?f_ri=69711"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711"},{"id":200797,"name":"Foucault, Power and Disciplinary Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foucault_Power_and_Disciplinary_Society?f_ri=69711"},{"id":619463,"name":"Disciplinary Powers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disciplinary_Powers?f_ri=69711"},{"id":957630,"name":"Foucault on Disciplinary Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foucault_on_Disciplinary_Power?f_ri=69711"},{"id":2509593,"name":"Indian Emergency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Emergency?f_ri=69711"},{"id":3087703,"name":"Literature on the Indian Emergency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_on_the_Indian_Emergency?f_ri=69711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10735015" data-work_id="10735015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10735015/The_Political_Economy_of_Hindu_Nationalism_From_V_D_Savarkar_to_Narendra_Modi">The Political Economy of Hindu Nationalism. From V.D. Savarkar to Narendra Modi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article was published in the International Journal of Knowledge and Innovation in Business (December, 2014, Volume 2, Number 1, pp.1-38). The work was supported by Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund of 2014. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10735015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article was published in the International Journal of Knowledge and Innovation in Business (December, 2014, Volume 2, Number 1, pp.1-38).  The work was supported by Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund of 2014.<br />The author is grateful to Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Library for enabling him to pursue his research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10735015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be64f0672a69e3bc1778c9ad8b87ce44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36611057,"asset_id":10735015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36611057/download_file?st=MTczMzI3NDkzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16798683" href="https://aon.academia.edu/KrzysztofIwanek">Krzysztof Iwanek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16798683" type="text/json">{"id":16798683,"first_name":"Krzysztof","last_name":"Iwanek","domain_name":"aon","page_name":"KrzysztofIwanek","display_name":"Krzysztof Iwanek","profile_url":"https://aon.academia.edu/KrzysztofIwanek?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16798683/4602244/5320245/s65_krzysztof.iwanek.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10735015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10735015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10735015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10735015", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10735015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10735015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10735015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10735015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics">Indian Government and Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69711" type="text/json">{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82140" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindu_nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82140" type="text/json">{"id":82140,"name":"Hindu nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindu_nationalism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10735015]'), work: {"id":10735015,"title":"The Political Economy of Hindu Nationalism. 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The work was supported by Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund of 2014.\nThe author is grateful to Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Library for enabling him to pursue his research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36611057,"asset_id":10735015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16798683,"first_name":"Krzysztof","last_name":"Iwanek","domain_name":"aon","page_name":"KrzysztofIwanek","display_name":"Krzysztof Iwanek","profile_url":"https://aon.academia.edu/KrzysztofIwanek?f_ri=69711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16798683/4602244/5320245/s65_krzysztof.iwanek.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":82140,"name":"Hindu nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindu_nationalism?f_ri=69711","nofollow":false},{"id":92458,"name":"Hindutva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindutva?f_ri=69711"},{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=69711"},{"id":257542,"name":"Hindu Nationalism in Modern India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindu_Nationalism_in_Modern_India?f_ri=69711"},{"id":281484,"name":"Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh?f_ri=69711"},{"id":281485,"name":"Bharatiya Janata Party","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bharatiya_Janata_Party?f_ri=69711"},{"id":657597,"name":"Political Economy of Post-liberalisation 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