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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobinische_Architektur" title="Jakobinische Architektur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jakobinische Architektur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_jacobina" title="Arquitectura jacobina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura jacobina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="معماری ژاکوبایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معماری ژاکوبایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_jacob%C3%A9enne" title="Architecture jacobéenne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Architecture jacobéenne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%ADl_Sheacaib%C3%ADteach" title="Stíl Sheacaibíteach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stíl Sheacaibíteach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura_giacobiana" title="Architettura giacobiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura giacobiana" 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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_Bromwich_Hall1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Castle_Bromwich_Hall1.jpg/220px-Castle_Bromwich_Hall1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Castle_Bromwich_Hall1.jpg/330px-Castle_Bromwich_Hall1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Castle_Bromwich_Hall1.jpg/440px-Castle_Bromwich_Hall1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2477" data-file-height="1945" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Hall" title="Castle Bromwich Hall">Castle Bromwich Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Jacobean style</b> is the second phase of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance architecture</a> in England, following the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan style">Elizabethan style</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named after King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a>, with whose reign (1603–1625 in England) it is associated. At the start of James' reign, there was little stylistic break in architecture, as Elizabethan trends continued their development. However, his death in 1625 came as a decisive change towards more <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classical architecture</a>, with Italian influence, was in progress, led by <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a>. The style this began is sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_England#Stuart_architecture" title="Architecture of England">Stuart architecture</a>, or <a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English Baroque</a> (though the latter term may be regarded as starting later). </p><p>Courtiers continued to build large <a href="/wiki/Prodigy_house" title="Prodigy house">prodigy houses</a>, even though James spent less time on summer progresses around his realm than <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth</a> had. The influence of Flemish and German <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a> increased, now often executed by recruited craftsmen and artists, rather than obtained from books as in the previous reign. There continued to be very little building of new churches, although there was a considerable amount of modifications to old ones and a great deal of secular building. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobean_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selwyn_College_Old_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff_(crop_Hall).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_%28crop_Hall%29.jpg/220px-Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_%28crop_Hall%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_%28crop_Hall%29.jpg/330px-Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_%28crop_Hall%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_%28crop_Hall%29.jpg/440px-Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_%28crop_Hall%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3473" data-file-height="2097" /></a><figcaption>Jacobean Revival dining hall (<a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Cambridge" title="Selwyn College, Cambridge">Selwyn College, Cambridge</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The reign of James VI of Scotland (also James I of England from 1603 to 1625), a disciple of the new scholarship, saw the first decisive adoption of Renaissance motifs in a free form communicated to England through <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flemish</a> carvers rather than directly from <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. Although the general lines of Elizabethan design remained, there was a more consistent and unified application of formal design, both in plan and elevation. Much use was made of <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">columns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a>, round-arch <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">arcades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flat_roof" title="Flat roof">flat roofs</a> with <a href="/wiki/Openwork" title="Openwork">openwork</a> <a href="/wiki/Parapet" title="Parapet">parapets</a>. These and other classical elements appeared in a free and fanciful vernacular rather than with any true classical purity. With them were mixed the prismatic <a href="/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)" title="Rustication (architecture)">rustications</a> and ornamental detail of scrolls, <a href="/wiki/Strapwork" title="Strapwork">straps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenges</a> also characteristic of Elizabethan design. The style influenced <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_and_Jacobean_furniture" title="Elizabethan and Jacobean furniture">furniture design</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">decorative arts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_examples">History and examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobean_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crewe_Hall_(east_bdg_detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crewe_Hall_%28east_bdg_detail%29.jpg/250px-Crewe_Hall_%28east_bdg_detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crewe_Hall_%28east_bdg_detail%29.jpg/375px-Crewe_Hall_%28east_bdg_detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crewe_Hall_%28east_bdg_detail%29.jpg/500px-Crewe_Hall_%28east_bdg_detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>The Jacobean east wing of <a href="/wiki/Crewe_Hall" title="Crewe Hall">Crewe Hall</a>, Cheshire, built in 1615–36</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bank_Hall_Daffodils.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bank_Hall_Daffodils.jpeg/250px-Bank_Hall_Daffodils.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bank_Hall_Daffodils.jpeg/375px-Bank_Hall_Daffodils.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bank_Hall_Daffodils.jpeg/500px-Bank_Hall_Daffodils.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bank_Hall" title="Bank Hall">Bank Hall</a>, Bretherton, built in 1608</figcaption></figure> <p>Reproductions of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_order" title="Classical order">Classical orders</a> had already found their way into English architecture during the reign of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I</a>, frequently based upon <a href="/wiki/John_Shute_(architect)" title="John Shute (architect)">John Shute</a>'s <i>The First and Chief Grounds of Architecture</i>, published in 1563, with two other editions in 1579 and 1584. In 1577, three years before the commencement of <a href="/wiki/Wollaton_Hall" title="Wollaton Hall">Wollaton Hall</a>, a copybook of the orders was brought out in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Vredeman_de_Vries" title="Hans Vredeman de Vries">Hans Vredeman de Vries</a>. Although nominally based on the description of the orders by <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a>, the author indulged freely not only in his rendering of them, but in suggestions of his own, showing how the orders might be employed in various buildings. Those suggestions were of a most decadent type, so that even the author deemed it advisable to publish a letter from a canon of the Church, stating that there was nothing in his architectural designs that was contrary to religion. It is to publications of this kind that Jacobean architecture owes the perversion of its forms and the introduction of strap work and pierced crestings, which appear for the first time at Wollaton Hall (1580); at <a href="/wiki/Bramshill_House" title="Bramshill House">Bramshill House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> (1607–1612), and in <a href="/wiki/Holland_House,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Holland House, London">Holland House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kensington" title="Kensington">Kensington</a> (1624), it receives its fullest development.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hatfield_House" title="Hatfield House">Hatfield House</a>, built in its entirety by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury">Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury</a>, between 1607 and 1611, is an example of the later extension of the Elizabethan <a href="/wiki/Prodigy_house" title="Prodigy house">prodigy house</a>, with turreted Tudor-style wings at each end with their mullioned windows but the two wings linked by an <a href="/wiki/Italianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italianate">Italianate</a> Renaissance facade. This central facade, originally an open <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggia</a>, has been attributed to Inigo Jones himself; however, the central porch carries a heavier quasi-gatehouse emphasis, so the attribution is probably false. Inside the house, the elaborately carved staircase demonstrates the Renaissance influence on English ornament. </p><p>Other Jacobean buildings of note are <a href="/wiki/Crewe_Hall" title="Crewe Hall">Crewe Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Knole_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Knole House">Knole House</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charlton_House" title="Charlton House">Charlton House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlton,_London" title="Charlton, London">Charlton, London</a>; <a href="/wiki/Holland_House,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Holland House, London">Holland House</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Thorpe" title="John Thorpe">John Thorpe</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plas_Teg" title="Plas Teg">Plas Teg</a> near <a href="/wiki/Pontblyddyn" title="Pontblyddyn">Pontblyddyn</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mold,_Flintshire" title="Mold, Flintshire">Mold</a> in Wales; <a href="/wiki/Bank_Hall" title="Bank Hall">Bank Hall</a> in Bretherton; <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Hall" title="Castle Bromwich Hall">Castle Bromwich Hall</a> near Solihull; <a href="/wiki/Lilford_Hall" title="Lilford Hall">Lilford Hall</a> in Northamptonshire and <a href="/wiki/Chastleton_House" title="Chastleton House">Chastleton House</a> in Oxfordshire. </p><p>Although the term is generally employed of the style which prevailed in England during the first quarter of the 17th century, its peculiar decadent detail will be found nearly twenty years earlier at Wollaton Hall, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> examples exist up to 1660, notwithstanding the introduction of the purer Italian style by <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a> in 1619 at <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Americas">In the Americas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobean_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In the Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1607 and 1620, England founded her first successful colonies: <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a>. As with other settlers in the New World, the men and women that built the homes and buildings that formed the infrastructure of these towns and the others that followed over the coming century often built edifices that were consistent with Jacobean vernacular architecture in the portion of England that they originated from: for example, the clapboard common to houses in New England and later Nova Scotia to this day are derived from a local style of architecture popular in Northeast England in the early to mid 17th century. Historians often classify this architecture as a subtype of colonial American architecture, called <a href="/wiki/First_Period" title="First Period">First Period</a> architecture, however there is an enormous amount of overlap between the architecture of the commoner class in early 17th century England and colonial America architecture, where some of the key features of the Jacobean era often outlived James I and VI owing to less contact between the American colonists and the fashions of England. </p><p>When the Puritans arrived in the winter of 1620 in New England, there was very little time to waste owing to the bitterly cold weather and the fact that many of the occupants of the ship that brought them, the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a>, were very ill and needed to get into housing before circumstances could allow the diseases on board to spread further. Those that were still able bodied had to act quickly and as a result the first buildings of New England most resembled the wattle and daub cottages of the common people back home, especially of places like <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devonshire</a>, with the thatched roofs that remained common in England until the 1660s differing only in that the main material chosen for thatching was grass found in the local salt marshes.<sup id="cite_ref-illinois1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinois1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these would have been hall and parlor dwellings with a simple central chimney, a feature of British architecture since the earlier <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan">Elizabethan</a> era, a timber frame, a squat lower floor and an upper floor with bare beams and a space to be used for storage.<sup id="cite_ref-illinois1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-illinois1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Measurements of the archaeological remains of houses owned by <a href="/wiki/Myles_Standish" title="Myles Standish">Myles Standish</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Alden" title="John Alden">John Alden</a> done in the mid nineteenth and the mid twentieth century in Duxbury, Massachusetts, a town across the harbor from Plymouth, also settled by the original Pilgrim Fathers, and inhabited just eight years later, reveal that the original homes were very narrow and small, averaging approximately forty feet long by fifteen feet wide. This concurs with the dimensions of houses that would have been found amongst the English commoner classes (specifically yeoman and small farmers) as evidenced by the surviving tax rolls of the Jacobean era. </p><p>Examples of original Jacobean architecture in the Americas include <a href="/wiki/Drax_Hall_Estate" title="Drax Hall Estate">Drax Hall Great House</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Nicholas_Abbey" title="St Nicholas Abbey">St. Nicholas Abbey</a>, both located in <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bacon%27s_Castle" title="Bacon's Castle">Bacon's Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia" title="Surry County, Virginia">Surry County, Virginia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hws_coxe_hall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hws_coxe_hall.JPG/250px-Hws_coxe_hall.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hws_coxe_hall.JPG/375px-Hws_coxe_hall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hws_coxe_hall.JPG/500px-Hws_coxe_hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2033" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Coxe Hall, fronting the Hobart Quad. The building, named for Bishop Arthur Cleveland Coxe, is an example of <a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a> architecture.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th century, the Jacobean Gothic or "<a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a>" style was briefly popular. Excellent examples are Coxe Hall, Williams Hall, and Medbury Hall, which define the West and North sides of the quadrangle of <a href="/wiki/Hobart_and_William_Smith_Colleges" title="Hobart and William Smith Colleges">Hobart College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva, NY">Geneva, NY</a>. Other notable collegiate examples include <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Florida">The University of Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a> both designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Edwards" title="William Augustus Edwards">William Augustus Edwards</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobean_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/62px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobean_era" title="Jacobean era">Jacobean era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobean Revival</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobean_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpiers1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Phen%C3%A9_Spiers" title="Richard Phené Spiers">Spiers, R. Phene</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jacobean_Style" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jacobean Style">Jacobean Style</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jacobean+Style&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=115&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Spiers&rft.aufirst=R.+Phene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacobean+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-illinois1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-illinois1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-illinois1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histarch.illinois.edu/plymouth/folkhouse.htm#N_40_">"Vernacular House Forms in Seventeenth Century Plymouth Colony"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vernacular+House+Forms+in+Seventeenth+Century+Plymouth+Colony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histarch.illinois.edu%2Fplymouth%2Ffolkhouse.htm%23N_40_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacobean+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobean_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacobean_architecture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jacobean architecture">Jacobean architecture</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Whiffen" title="Marcus Whiffen">Marcus Whiffen</a>, <i>An Introduction to Elizabethan and Jacobean Architecture</i> (1952).</li> <li>J. Summerson, <i>Architecture in Britain, 1530–1830</i> (rev. ed. 1963).</li> <li><i>The Columbia Encyclopedia</i>, Sixth Edition. 2001.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Architecture_of_England" title="Architecture of England">Architecture of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_architecture" title="Anglo-Saxon architecture">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxo-Norman#Architecture" title="Saxo-Norman">Saxo-Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_architecture" title="Tudor architecture">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_architecture" title="Elizabethan architecture">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacobean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_style" title="Restoration style">Carolean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberry Hill Gothic">Strawberry Hill Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Byzantine" title="Bristol Byzantine">Bristol Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalist</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Westminster Hall"><img alt="Westminster Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/70px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/105px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/140px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="860" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_England" title="Category:Buildings and structures in England">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_England" title="List of castles in England">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_England" title="List of monastic houses in England">Abbeys and priories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_medieval_cathedrals_of_England" title="Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England">Medieval cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_cathedrals_in_Great_Britain" title="List of former cathedrals in Great Britain">Former cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-tower_church" title="Round-tower church">Round-tower churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_villas_in_England" title="List of Roman villas in England">Roman villas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom#England" title="List of country houses in the United Kingdom">Historic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_house" title="Hall house">Hall houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Renaissance_theatres" title="List of English Renaissance theatres">Renaissance theatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_England" title="Listed buildings in England">Listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_England" title="List of museums in England">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_church_monuments" title="English church monuments">Church monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Trust_properties_in_England" title="List of National Trust properties in England">National Trust properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_England" title="List of windmills in England">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu temples in England">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_England" title="List of stadiums in England">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_England" title="List of lighthouses in England">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_London" title="Architecture of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Birmingham" title="Architecture of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Liverpool" title="Architecture of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Manchester" title="Architecture of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Bath" title="Buildings and architecture of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Bristol" title="Buildings and architecture of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof" title="Hammerbeam roof">Hammerbeam roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_vault" title="Fan vault">Fan vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastle_house" title="Bastle house">Bastle house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_country_house" title="English country house">Country house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oast_house" title="Oast house">Oast house</a> <a href="/wiki/Cowl_(oast)" title="Cowl (oast)">(cowl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealden_hall_house" title="Wealden hall house">Wealden hall house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_longhouse" title="Dartmoor longhouse">Dartmoor longhouse</a></li> 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