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</button> <ul id="toc-Oriental_Christian_usages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syriac_Orthodox_Church,_Indian_Orthodox_Church_and_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syriac_Orthodox_Church,_Indian_Orthodox_Church_and_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Syriac Orthodox Church, Indian Orthodox Church and Mar Thoma Syrian Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syriac_Orthodox_Church,_Indian_Orthodox_Church_and_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria-sublist" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terz_(Liturgie)" title="Terz (Liturgie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Terz (Liturgie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercia_(liturgia)" title="Tercia (liturgia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tercia (liturgia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierce_(office)" title="Tierce (office) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tierce (office)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertia" title="Tertia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tertia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terts_(gebed)" title="Terts (gebed) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Terts (gebed)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terts_(gebedsstonde)" title="Terts (gebedsstonde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Terts (gebedsstonde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_Ter%C3%A7a" title="Hora Terça – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hora Terça" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasul_al_treilea_canonic" title="Ceasul al treilea canonic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ceasul al treilea canonic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Третий час – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Третий час" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercia_(modlitba)" title="Tercia (modlitba) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tercia (modlitba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_tertia" title="Hora tertia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hora tertia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AEce_(priyire)" title="Tîce (priyire) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tîce (priyire)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canonical hour of the Divine Office</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_Hours_MET_DP-634-010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Book_of_Hours_MET_DP-634-010.jpg/220px-Book_of_Hours_MET_DP-634-010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Book_of_Hours_MET_DP-634-010.jpg/330px-Book_of_Hours_MET_DP-634-010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Book_of_Hours_MET_DP-634-010.jpg/440px-Book_of_Hours_MET_DP-634-010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Nederlandish book of the hours, opened at the hour of Terce</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Terce</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical hour">canonical hour</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Divine Office</a>. It consists mainly of <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">psalms</a> and is held around 9 a.m. Its name comes from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and refers to the third hour of the day after dawn. With <a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a>, <a href="/wiki/None_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="None (liturgy)">None</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> it belongs to the so-called "Little hours". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the time of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a>, the practice of <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">seven fixed prayer times</a> have been taught; in <i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Tradition" title="Apostolic Tradition">Apostolic Tradition</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus</a> instructed Christians to pray seven times a day "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion."<sup id="cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanielouOrigen2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chadwick1993_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chadwick1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lössl2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lössl2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This practice of seven fixed prayer times continues today in many Christian denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-Lössl2010_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lössl2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origin of Terce, like that of <a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> and <a href="/wiki/None_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="None (liturgy)">None</a>, to which it bears a close relationship, dates back to Apostolic times. According to an ancient custom of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, the day and night respectively were divided into four parts of about three <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">hours</a> each. The second division of the day contained the hours from about the modern nine o'clock until about midday;<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using the Roman numbering the hour just preceding this division was called <i>hora tertia</i> (the third hour) from which the word <i>terce</i> is derived. Since the Roman day was divided into twelve hours from sunrise to sunset regardless of day length, the timing for <i>hora tertia</i> depended on the <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> and day of year. At Rome's latitude <i>hora tertia</i> was in modern terms 09:02 to 09:46 <a href="/wiki/Solar_time" title="Solar time">solar time</a> at the winter <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a>, but at the summer solstice it was 06:58 to 08:13.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These divisions of the day were also used by the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> at the time of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> mentions the sixth hour in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2020:5&version=nrsv">Matthew 20:5</a>, and the ninth hour in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2027:46&version=nrsv">Matthew 27:46</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Ghost" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Ghost">Holy Ghost</a> descends upon the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Apostles</a> on the day of <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> at the third hour, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%202:15&version=nrsv">Acts 2:15</a>. Some of these texts prove that these three hours were, in preference to others, chosen for prayer by the <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, and probably also by the Jews, from whom the Christians appear to have borrowed the custom.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fathers_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathers of the Church">Fathers of the Church</a> and the ecclesiastical writers of the third century frequently mention Terce, Sext, and None as hours for daily prayers.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, around the year 200, recommended, in addition to the obligatory morning and evening prayers, the use of the third, sixth and ninth hours of daylight to remind oneself to pray.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> and Tertullian refer only to private prayer at these three hours. The Canons of <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus</a> also speak of these three hours as suitable for private prayer. However, on the days called "days of station", that is to say Wednesday and Friday, which were set apart as especially consecrated to prayer, and Sunday, these hours were recited in public. <a href="/wiki/Cyprian_of_Carthage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprian of Carthage">Cyprian</a> remarked that these three hours had been observed in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, and that Christians should also observe them. In the fourth century the custom of praying at these hours became more frequent, and even obligatory, at least for monks. The elements of the prayer of Terce, Sext, or None before the fourth century probably consisted of psalms, <a href="/wiki/Canticle" title="Canticle">canticles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">litanies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jerome said, "... we must set aside stated hours for the duty of praying. Then, should any occupation keep us away from it, the hour itself will remind us of that duty. As such prayer times everyone knows of the third, sixth and ninth hours, the morning and the evening hours."<sup id="cite_ref-citd_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sources from the fourth century onwards offer a more precise picture of the composition of the hour of Terce.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of <a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a>'s <i>Institutes</i> III.3 is an exegetical justification for the offices of Terce, Sext, and None, in which he relates each hour to a scriptural passage in which an important event occurs at that hour. In this way, by directing the monks to scripture, the hours acquired an educational benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also the view held in Ireland, where the psalms selected for Terce focused on the glorification of the risen Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It seems there was no universal practice of the communal recitation of these hours until the Middle Ages. On Sundays, Terce was sung in <i><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">organum</a></i> before the principal Mass, and included the hymn <i><a href="/wiki/Nunc_sancte_nobis_spiritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunc sancte nobis spiritus">Nunc sancte nobis spiritus</a></i>, which recalls the descent of the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the monastery of Lerins, work commenced after Terce and continued until Nones.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The custom of Little Hours grew up in the monastic and larger Church in the course of the centuries and still is followed in stricter monasteries and hermitages. These hours also continue to be prayed by many religious communities.<sup id="cite_ref-citd_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terce, Sext and None have an identical structure, each with three psalms or portions of psalms. These are followed by a short reading from Scripture, once referred to as a "little chapter" (capitulum), and by a versicle and response. The Lesser Litany (Kyrie and the Lord's Prayer) of Pius X's arrangement have now been omitted. </p><p>The 1979 Anglican Order of Service for Noonday is based upon the traditional structure of the Little Offices.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The purpose of the "Little Hours" sanctify the day by pausing in the midst of their work and dedicate various moments to prayer throughout the course of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The time of day for Terce is associated with the descent of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> upon the apostles on the day of <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> "seeing it is but the third hour of the day" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%202:15&version=nrsv">Acts 2:15</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hour's general theme is therefore, the invocation of the Holy Spirit, and invokes the Holy Spirit for strength in dealing with the conflicts of the day. "It is a 'Come, Holy Spirit' upon the day's work."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oriental_Christian_usages">Oriental Christian usages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oriental Christian usages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agpeya_Breviary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Agpeya_Breviary.jpg/180px-Agpeya_Breviary.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Agpeya_Breviary.jpg/270px-Agpeya_Breviary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Agpeya_Breviary.jpg/360px-Agpeya_Breviary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shehimo_Breviary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shehimo_Breviary.jpg/180px-Shehimo_Breviary.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shehimo_Breviary.jpg/270px-Shehimo_Breviary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shehimo_Breviary.jpg/360px-Shehimo_Breviary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimo</a> are breviaries used in Oriental Christianity to pray the canonical hours at <a href="/wiki/Fixed_prayer_times" title="Fixed prayer times">seven fixed times</a> of the day in the <a href="/wiki/Direction_of_prayer" title="Direction of prayer">eastward direction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richards1908_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards1908-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syriac_Orthodox_Church,_Indian_Orthodox_Church_and_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church"><span id="Syriac_Orthodox_Church.2C_Indian_Orthodox_Church_and_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church"></span>Syriac Orthodox Church, Indian Orthodox Church and Mar Thoma Syrian Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Syriac Orthodox Church, Indian Orthodox Church and Mar Thoma Syrian Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Orthodox Church">Indian Orthodox Church</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a> (an <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Protestant_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Protestant Christianity">Oriental Protestant</a> denomination), the office of Terce is also known as <i>Tloth sho`in</i> and is prayed at 9 am using the <a href="/wiki/Shehimo" title="Shehimo">Shehimo</a> breviary.<sup id="cite_ref-STMOC2020_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STMOC2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Richards1908_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards1908-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a> denomination, the office of Terce is <a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">prayed</a> at 9 am using the <a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a> breviary.<sup id="cite_ref-SMCOC2020_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMCOC2020-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_Liturgy">Armenian Liturgy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Armenian Liturgy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Armenian Book of Hours (Armenian: Ժամագիրք <i>zhamagirk`</i>) the Third Hour (Armenian Երրորդ Ժամ <i>errord zham</i>) is a short service with minimal changes depending on the liturgical season. It is celebrated "in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit, and in commemoration of the First Mother's (i.e., Eve's) tasting [of the fruit of the tree at the center of the Garden], and of the liberation [of humanity] through Christ." </p><p>Outline of the Third Hour </p><p>Introduction: "Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Our Father..."; "Blessed is the Holy Spirit, true God. Amen." </p><p>Psalm 51: "Have mercy on me..."; "Glory...Now and always...Amen."; Hymn of the Third Hour: "We bless you, unoriginate Father... (Awhrnets`emk` zk`ez Hayr anskizbn...)"; Exhortation: "At every hour may my prayer be this...(Amenayn zhamou...)" </p><p><i>During the Great Fast:</i> The Prayer of <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mandakouni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mandakouni (page does not exist)">John Mandakouni</a> "Unanimously let everyone give thanks... (Miaban amenek`ean gohats`arouk`...)" </p><p><i>Otherwise continue here:</i> Prayer: "You who repose on the cherubic throne...(Or i k`rovpēakan...)" </p><p>Psalm 68:19-21: "Blessed is God..."; Proclamation: "Let us beseech the Lord in faith...(Khndrests`ouk` havatov...)"; Prayer, "Guide us...(Arajnordea mez...)"; Prayer of Sarkawag Vardapet: "Remember, Lord your servants... (Hishea...)"; Prayer: "God, beneficent and full of mercy...(Barerar ev bazoumoghorm Astouats...)" </p><p>Psalm 23: "The Lord will shepherd me..."; Psalm 143:9-12: "Show me the way..."; "Glory to the Father...Now and always...Amen."; Proclamation: "Again and again in peace...Let us with thanksgiving pray...(Gohabanelov...)"; Prayer: "Through your peace...(Khaghaghout`eamb k`ov...)"; "Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Our Father..." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Christian_Office">Eastern Christian Office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eastern Christian Office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Little_Hours#Eastern_Christian_Practice" title="Little Hours">Little Hours § Eastern Christian Practice</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Greek Catholic</a> Churches, the office of the Third Hour is normally read by a single <a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#Orthodoxy" title="Reader (liturgy)">Reader</a> and has very little variation in it. Three fixed psalms are read at the Third Hour: Psalms 16, 24, and 50 (<a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">LXX</a>). The only variable portions for most of the year are the <a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparia</a> (either one or two) and <a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a> of the Day. </p><p>During <b><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></b> a number of changes in the office take place. On Monday through Friday, after the three fixed psalms, the Reader says a <a href="/wiki/Kathisma" title="Kathisma">kathisma</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a>. The Troparion of the Day is replaced by special Lenten hymns that are chanted with prostrations. Then a portion of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ladder_of_Divine_Ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladder of Divine Ascent">Ladder of Divine Ascent</a></i> may be read. The Kontakion of the Day is replaced by special Lenten troparia. Near the end of the Hour, the <a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Ephrem" title="Prayer of Saint Ephrem">Prayer of St. Ephraim</a> is said, with prostrations. </p><p>During <b><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></b>, on Great Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, the services are similar to those during Great Lent (including the reading of a kathisma), but instead of the normal Lenten hymns which replace the Kontakion, the Kontakion of the day (i.e., that day of Holy Week) is chanted. On Great Thursday and Saturday, the Little Hours are more like normal. On Great Friday, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hours" title="Royal Hours">Royal Hours</a> are chanted. </p><p>During the <b>Lesser Lenten seasons</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokos#Dormition_fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition of the Theotokos">Dormition Fast</a>) the Little Hours undergo changes similar to those during Great Lent, except the Lenten hymns are usually read instead of chanted, and there are no kathismata. In addition, on weekdays of the Lesser Fasts, an <a href="/wiki/Inter-Hours" title="Inter-Hours">Inter-Hour</a> (Greek: <i>Mesorion</i>) may be read immediately after each Hour (at least on the first day of the Fast).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Inter-Hours follow the same general outline as the Little Hours, except they are shorter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/terce" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/terce">terce</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Hours">Canonical Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Chant">Gregorian Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Hours" title="Little Hours">Little Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_sancte_nobis_spiritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunc sancte nobis spiritus">Nunc sancte nobis spiritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plainsong" title="Plainsong">Plainsong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DanielouOrigen2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DanielouOrigen2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDanielou2016" class="citation book cs1">Danielou, Jean (2016). <i>Origen</i>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4982-9023-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4982-9023-4"><bdi>978-1-4982-9023-4</bdi></a>. <q>Peterson quotes a passage from the <i>Acts of Hipparchus and Philotheus</i>: "In Hipparchus's house there was a specially decorated room and a cross was painted on the east wall of it. There before the image of the cross, they used to pray seven times a day ... with their faces turned to the east." It is easy to see the importance of this passage when you compare it with what Origen says. The custom of turning towards the rising sun when praying had been replaced by the habit of turning towards the east wall. This we find in Origen. From the other passage we see that a cross had been painted on the wall to show which was the east. Hence the origin of the practice of hanging crucifixes on the walls of the private rooms in Christian houses. We know too that signs were put up in the Jewish synagogues to show the direction of Jerusalem, because the Jews turned that way when they said their prayers. The question of the proper way to face for prayer has always been of great importance in the East. It is worth remembering that Mohammedans pray with their faces turned towards Mecca and that one reason for the condemnation of Al Hallaj, the Mohammedan martyr, was that he refused to conform to this practice.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origen&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4982-9023-4&rft.aulast=Danielou&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chadwick1993-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chadwick1993_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Chadwick1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(theologian)" title="Henry Chadwick (theologian)">Henry Chadwick</a> (1993). <i>The Early Church</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-16042-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-16042-8"><bdi>978-1-101-16042-8</bdi></a>. <q>Hippolytus in the <i>Apostolic Tradition</i> directed that Christians should pray seven times a day - on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight, and also, if at home, at the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion. Prayers at the third, sixth, and ninth hours are similarly mentioned by Tertullian, Cyprian, Clement of Alexandria and Origen, and must have been very widely practised. These prayers were commonly associated with private Bible reading in the family.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Church&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-101-16042-8&rft.au=Henry+Chadwick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitzman2005" class="citation book cs1">Weitzman, M. P. (7 July 2005). <i>The Syriac Version of the Old Testament</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01746-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01746-6"><bdi>978-0-521-01746-6</bdi></a>. <q>Clement of Alexandria noted that "some fix hours for prayer, such as the third, sixth and ninth" (Stromata 7:7). Tertullian commends these hours, because of their importance (see below) in the New Testament and because their number recalls the Trinity (De Oratione 25). These hours indeed appear as designated for prayer from the earliest days of the church. Peter prayed at the sixth hour, i.e. at noon (Acts 10:9). The ninth hour is called the "hour of prayer" (Acts 3:1). This was the hour when Cornelius prayed even as a "God-fearer" attached to the Jewish community, i.e. before his conversion to Christianity. it was also the hour of Jesus' final prayer (Matt. 27:46, Mark 15:34, Luke 22:44-46).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Syriac+Version+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-07-07&rft.isbn=978-0-521-01746-6&rft.aulast=Weitzman&rft.aufirst=M.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lössl2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lössl2010_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lössl2010_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLössl2010" class="citation book cs1">Lössl, Josef (17 February 2010). <i>The Early Church: History and Memory</i>. A&C Black. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9"><bdi>978-0-567-16561-9</bdi></a>. <q>Not only the content of early Christian prayer was rooted in Jewish tradition; its daily structure too initially followed a Jewish pattern, with prayer times in the early morning, at noon and in the evening. Later (in the course of the second century), this pattern combined with another one; namely prayer times in the evening, at midnight and in the morning. As a result seven 'hours of prayer' emerged, which later became the monastic 'hours' and are still treated as 'standard' prayer times in many churches today. They are roughly equivalent to midnight, 6 a.m., 9 a.m., noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Prayer positions included prostration, kneeling and standing. ... Crosses made of wood or stone, or painted on walls or laid out as mosaics, were also in use, at first not directly as objections of veneration but in order to 'orientate' the direction of prayer (i.e. towards the east, Latin <i>oriens</i>).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Church%3A+History+and+Memory&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2010-02-17&rft.isbn=978-0-567-16561-9&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6ssl&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabrol1912" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cabrol, Fernand (1912). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Terce" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Terce">Terce</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Terce&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Cabrol&rft.aufirst=Fernand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJérôme_Carcopino1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Carcopino" title="Jérôme Carcopino">Jérôme Carcopino</a> (1968). "The days and hours of the Roman calendar". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00carc_0"><i>Daily Life in Ancient Rome: The People and the City at the Height of the Empire</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-00031-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-00031-6"><bdi>0-300-00031-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+days+and+hours+of+the+Roman+calendar&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+Ancient+Rome%3A+The+People+and+the+City+at+the+Height+of+the+Empire&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-300-00031-6&rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Carcopino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinancie00carc_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Powell, M. G. "Introduction to Medieval Christian Liturgy", <i>Introduction to the History of Christianity</i> School of Divinity, Yale University. 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citd-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citd_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citd_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christdesert.org/Detailed/21.html">"The Eight Daily Prayer Periods", Benedictine Abbey of Christ in the Desert</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKb3Bkswbx4C&dq=Terce+%28canonical%29&pg=PA27">Chin, C. M., "Prayers and <i>Otium</i> in Cassian's Institutes", <i>Ascetica, Gnostica, Liturgica, Orientalia</i>, (M. F. Wiles, Edward Yarnold, ed.), Peeters Publishers, 2001</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042909229" title="Special:BookSources/9789042909229">9789042909229</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mOvAwAAQBAJ&dq=Terce+%28canonical%29&pg=PA364">McNamara, Martin J., <i>The Psalms in the Early Irish Church</i>, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2000</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567540348" title="Special:BookSources/9780567540348">9780567540348</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hl9QroJD0-sC&dq=Terce+%28canonical%29&pg=PA73">D'Accone, Frank A., <i>The Civic Muse: Music and Musicians in Siena during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance</i>, University of Chicago Press, 2007</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226133683" title="Special:BookSources/9780226133683">9780226133683</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbj4Zsybl28C&dq=Terce+%28canonical%29&pg=PA105">Fassler, Margot E. and Baltzer, Rebecca A., <i>The Divine Office in the Latin Middle Ages</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195352382" title="Special:BookSources/9780195352382">9780195352382</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g4_P098HhHMC&dq=Terce+%28canonical%29&pg=PA514">Armentrout, Don S., "Terce, Sext, None", <i>An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church</i>, Church Publishing, Inc., 2000</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898697018" title="Special:BookSources/9780898697018">9780898697018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The General Instruction on the Liturgy of the Hours</i>, no. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parsch, Pius. <i>Introduction to the Canonical Hours</i>, <i>Commentaries on the Breviary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards1908-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richards1908_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richards1908_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards1908" class="citation book cs1">Richards, William Joseph (1908). <i>The Indian Christians of St. Thomas: Otherwise Called the Syrian Christians of Malabar: a Sketch of Their History and an Account of Their Present Condition as Well as a Discussion of the Legend of St. Thomas</i>. Bemrose. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Christians+of+St.+Thomas%3A+Otherwise+Called+the+Syrian+Christians+of+Malabar%3A+a+Sketch+of+Their+History+and+an+Account+of+Their+Present+Condition+as+Well+as+a+Discussion+of+the+Legend+of+St.+Thomas&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Bemrose&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=William+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STMOC2020-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-STMOC2020_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stthomassouthflorida.com/uploads/3/7/7/1/37717427/grade12.pdf">"My Life in Heaven & on Earth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. St. Thomas Malankara Orthodox Church. p. 31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+Life+in+Heaven+%26+on+Earth&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=St.+Thomas+Malankara+Orthodox+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stthomassouthflorida.com%2Fuploads%2F3%2F7%2F7%2F1%2F37717427%2Fgrade12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMCOC2020-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMCOC2020_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Agpeya</i>. St. Mark Coptic Orthodox Church. pp. 5, 33, 49, 65, 80, 91, 130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Agpeya&rft.pages=5%2C+33%2C+49%2C+65%2C+80%2C+91%2C+130&rft.pub=St.+Mark+Coptic+Orthodox+Church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATerce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Inter-Hours may also be read during Great Lent if there is to be no reading from the <i>Ladder of Divine Ascent</i> at the Little Hours.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">rites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Catholic Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Eucharistic liturgies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom">Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgical hours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> (nighttime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">Lauds</a> (early morning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a> (first hour of daylight)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Terce</a> (third hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> (noon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)" title="Nones (liturgy)">Nones</a> (ninth hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> (sunset/evening) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evensong</a> (Anglican Use Vespers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a> (West Syriac Vespers)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> (end of the day)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other liturgical services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">Funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession#Catholic_Church" title="Procession">Procession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">Book of hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Liturgical language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Liturgical<br />rites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin<br />liturgical rites</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Extraordinary Form</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Venatoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic<br />Churches</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic<br />liturgy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar rite">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church 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