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Style APA — Wikipédia

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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principe_de_référencement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Principe de référencement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principe_de_référencement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemples_de_référencement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemples_de_référencement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exemples de référencement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemples_de_référencement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adaptations_en_français" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_en_français"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Adaptations en français</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_en_français-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Style APA</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 33 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أسلوب جمعية علم النفس الأمريكية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسلوب جمعية علم النفس الأمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="এপিএ শৈলী – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এপিএ শৈলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_stil" title="APA stil – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="APA stil" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estil_de_refer%C3%A8ncies_de_la_American_Psychological_Association" title="Estil de referències de la American Psychological Association – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estil de referències de la American Psychological Association" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_standard" title="APA standard – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="APA standard" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA-norm" title="APA-norm – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="APA-norm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Οδηγός μορφοποίησης της Αμερικανικής Ψυχολογικής Εταιρείας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οδηγός μορφοποίησης της Αμερικανικής Ψυχολογικής Εταιρείας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="APA style" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estilo_APA" title="Estilo APA – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estilo APA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_estiloa" title="APA estiloa – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="APA estiloa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="شیوه‌نامه انجمن روان‌شناسی آمریکا – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیوه‌نامه انجمن روان‌شناسی آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estilo_APA" title="Estilo APA – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estilo APA" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_APA" title="מדריך הפרסום של APA – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדריך הפרסום של APA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estilo_nga_APA" title="Estilo nga APA – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Estilo nga APA" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="APA style" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="APAスタイル – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="APAスタイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="აფა-სტილი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფა-სტილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%BC" title="APA 스타일 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="APA 스타일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA-stijl" title="APA-stijl – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="APA-stijl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA-stil" title="APA-stil – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="APA-stil" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="APA style" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estilo_APA" title="Estilo APA – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estilo APA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%90" title="Стиль АПА – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стиль АПА" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88" title="آمريڪن سائڪولاجيڪل ايسوسيئيشن وارو نمونو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آمريڪن سائڪولاجيڪل ايسوسيئيشن وارو نمونو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="APA style" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="APA style" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slog_APA" title="Slog APA – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slog APA" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaabka_APA" title="Qaabka APA – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qaabka APA" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA-stil" title="APA-stil – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="APA-stil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estilong_APA" title="Estilong APA – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estilong APA" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%90" title="Стиль АПА – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стиль АПА" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="APA格式 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="APA格式" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_i%C5%AB%E2%81%BF-sek" title="APA iūⁿ-sek – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="APA iūⁿ-sek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Style_APA" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Style_APA" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigé depuis <a href="/w/index.php?title=APA_style&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="APA style">APA style</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p>Le <b>style APA</b> est un format éditorial défini par l'<a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> pour les publications et écrits scientifiques, dans les domaines des sciences humaines et des sciences du comportement. Il s'agit d'un ensemble de règles éditoriales qui spécifient les règles de mise en page et de préparation des manuscrits&#160;: présentation des références bibliographiques, des notes de bas de page, des citations, etc. Cette présentation est exigée dans un grand nombre de revues scientifiques, notamment les revues de <a href="/wiki/Psychologie" title="Psychologie">psychologie</a>, ainsi que dans de nombreuses <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9" title="Université">universités</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'origine de ce style remonte à un article de sept pages publié en 1929 dans <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychological_Bulletin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychological Bulletin (page inexistante)">Psychological Bulletin</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_Bulletin" class="extiw" title="en:Psychological Bulletin"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Psychological Bulletin&#160;»">(en)</span></a></i>, la revue de l'American Psychological Association<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce format, maintes fois mis à jour, est officiellement défini dans le <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association</span></i> (<abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr> éd. 2019), un livre de plus de 400 pages <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4338-3216-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4338-3216-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4338-3216-1</span></a>)</small>. Cela s'explique par le fait que ne se limite de loin pas à la mise en forme de références<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, mais à l'ensemble du processus de communication scientifique. Comme l'explique l'APA: <span class="citation">«&#160;Le style APA constitue une base pour une communication scientifique efficace car il aide les écrivains à présenter leurs idées de manière claire, précise et inclusive<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&#160;»</span> </p><p>Il n'existe pas de traduction française officielle du manuel de l'APA. Différents sites (en particulier dans des universités) proposent cependant des adaptations (en anglais, mais aussi en français, suivant la localisation de l'université), non approuvées par l'APA, de ces normes ou d'une partie d'entre elles (notamment pour les références et les citations). Les seules autres langues pour lesquelles il existe une traduction officielle du manuel sont l'espagnol<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et le japonais<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principe_de_référencement"><span id="Principe_de_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rencement"></span>Principe de référencement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Principe de référencement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Principe de référencement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le principe de référencement fonctionne en deux temps. Premier temps, on fait suivre la citation (directe ou indirecte -paraphrase) du nom de l'auteur, avec l'année de publication de la référence et sa page (Nom, Année<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, p.). Cet élément, qui se trouve <i>dans le texte</i> (article ou livre), renvoie à une liste de références où l'on trouve la référence complète du document signalé par le nom de son auteur et l'année de publication. Cette référence est présentée de la façon suivante: </p> <ul><li>Nom, P. (Année). <i>Titre.</i> Lieu (d'édition), éditeur.</li></ul> <p>Autrement dit, on donne systématiquement les éléments suivants: QUI | QUAND | <i>QUOI</i> | OÙ (ces différents champs étant délimités par un point). Ce sont eux qui permettent de retrouver aisément la référence citée. On relèvera que ce principe se décline en de nombreux cas, en fonction du document (ouvrage, chapitre d'ouvrage collectif, article de journal, page web (avec ou sans auteur précis, page de média, etc.), document sonore et/ou visuel, etc.) Au-delà des variantes (nombreuses...) dues à ces différents documents, à chaque fois cependant le principe organisateur reste le même: <i>Qui. Quand. Quoi. Où.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples_de_référencement"><span id="Exemples_de_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rencement"></span>Exemples de référencement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Exemples de référencement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Exemples de référencement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Soit l'article scientifique de Denis Matringe, «&#160;Histoire du sikhisme et littérature panjabie&#160;: <i>Rana Surat Singh</i> de Bhai Vir Singh&#160;», publié en 1996 dans la <i>Revue de l'histoire des religions</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ol> <p>Dans un texte, on cite un extrait de cet article qui se trouve à la page 41 de l'article mentionné; on fera suivre la citation (directe, ici, donc entre guillemets) de (Matringe, 1996, p. 41), ce qui donnera: </p> <ul><li>On sait que «&#160;après son annexion à la couronne britannique en 1849, le Panjab qui avait été pendant un demi-siècle un royaume sikh indépendant fut démilitarisé&#160;» (Matringe, 1996, p. 41).</li></ul> <p>Ce qui renvoie, dans la bibliographie (ou la liste des références des textes cités) à ceci: </p> <ul><li>Matringe, D. (1996). Histoire du sikhisme et littérature panjabie&#160;: <i>Rana Surat Singh</i> de Bhai Vir Singh. <i>Revue de l'histoire des religions,</i> <i>213</i>(1), 39-73. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.3406/rhr.1996.1235">https://doi.org/10.3406/rhr.1996.1235</a></li></ul> <p>2. Soit l'ouvrage de <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Andr%C3%A9" title="Christophe André">Christophe André</a>, <i>Les états d'âme.</i> On cite le passage suivant, qui se trouve à la page 103 de ce livre; on fera suivre la citation (directe, ici aussi, donc entre guillemets) de (André, 2009, p. 103), ce qui donnera: </p> <ul><li>«&#160;La souffrance ne grandit pas, elle abaisse&#160;» (André, 2009, p. 103).</li></ul> <p>Ce qui renvoie, dans la bibliographie (ou la liste des références des textes cités) à ceci: </p> <ul><li>André, Ch. (2009). <i>Les états d'âme.</i> Odile Jacob.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Breitenbach2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne_Breitenbach2016">Anne Breitenbach, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/07/the-origins-of-apa-style.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">APA Style Blog: The Origins of APA Style</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">blog.apastyle.org</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-07-14" data-sort-value="2016-07-14">14 juillet 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-30" data-sort-value="2019-01-30">30 janvier 2019</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BentleyPeerenboomHodgePassano1929"><span class="ouvrage" id="Madison_BentleyC._A._PeerenboomF._W._HodgeEdward_B._Passano1929">Madison Bentley, C. A. Peerenboom, F. W. Hodge, Edward B. Passano, H. C. Warren et M. F. Washburn, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal">Instructions in regard to preparation of manuscript</cite>&#160;», <i>Psychological Bulletin</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;26, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;2,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-02" data-sort-value="1929-02">février 1929</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">57-63</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0071487">10.1037/h0071487</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Instructions+in+regard+to+preparation+of+manuscript&amp;rft.jtitle=Psychological+Bulletin&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Bentley&amp;rft.aufirst=Madison&amp;rft.au=C.+A.+Peerenboom&amp;rft.au=F.+W.+Hodge&amp;rft.au=Edward+B.+Passano&amp;rft.au=H.+C.+Warren&amp;rft.au=M.+F.+Washburn&amp;rft.date=1929-02&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.pages=57-63&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fh0071487&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AStyle+APA"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition#TOC">Voir la table des matières</a> (en anglais) de la 7<sup>e</sup> édition (consulté le 2 août 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Psychological_Association2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="American_Psychological_Association2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> American Psychological Association, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apastyle.apa.org/about-apa-style"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">About APA Style</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">apastyle.apa.org</span>, <time>2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-08-02" data-sort-value="2020-08-02">2 août 2020</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Woodworth_Gasque2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne_Woodworth_Gasque2010">Anne Woodworth Gasque, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/10/translations-of-the-publication-manual.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">APA Style Blog: Translations of the Publication Manual</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">blog.apastyle.org</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-10-15" data-sort-value="2010-10-15">15 octobre 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-30" data-sort-value="2019-01-30">30 janvier 2019</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lynn_Skutley2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mary_Lynn_Skutley2011">Mary Lynn Skutley, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/03/apa-publication-manual-in-japanese.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">APA Style Blog: APA Publication Manual in Japanese</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">blog.apastyle.org</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-03-24" data-sort-value="2011-03-24">24 mars 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-30" data-sort-value="2019-01-30">30 janvier 2019</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Il s'agit de l'année de publication</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Afin de mieux comprendre le système, on peut <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/rhr_0035-1423_1996_num_213_1_1235.pdf">voir cet article en ligne ici</a> (Consulté le 2 août 2020)</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> American Psychological Association, <i>Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: 7th Edition</i>, American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 2019</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> American Psychological Association, <i>APA style guide to electronic references</i> (<abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;édition). American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 2019 <small>&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10504/49930">présentation en ligne</a>&#93;</small>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Cuddy2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="C._M._Cuddy2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> C. M. Cuddy, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Demystifying APA style</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Orthopaedic Nursing</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;21, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;5,&#8206; <time>2002</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">35-42</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Demystifying+APA+style&amp;rft.jtitle=Orthopaedic+Nursing&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.aulast=Cuddy&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+M.&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.pages=35-42&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AStyle+APA"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> C. Lipson, <i>Cite right: a quick guide to citation styles -- MLA, APA, Chicago, the sciences, professions, and more</i>, University of Chicago Press, 2011.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="MadiganJohnsonLinton1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_MadiganSusan_JohnsonPatricia_Linton1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Robert Madigan, Susan Johnson et Patricia Linton, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The language of psychology: APA style as epistemology</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">American Psychologist</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;50, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;6,&#8206; <time>1995</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">428-436</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+language+of+psychology%3A+APA+style+as+epistemology&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Psychologist&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.aulast=Madigan&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft.au=Susan+Johnson&amp;rft.au=Patricia+Linton&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.pages=428-436&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AStyle+APA"></span></span></span> <small>&#91;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college-choice.org/_academics/departments/psychology/documents/Madiganetal.pdf">lire en ligne</a>&#93;</small>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Robert Perrin, <i>Pocket guide to APA style</i> (<abbr class="abbr" title="Sixième">6<sup>e</sup></abbr> éd.), Cengage Learning, 2011 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-3059-6969-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-3059-6969-8"><span class="nowrap">978-1-3059-6969-8</span></a>)</small>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apastyle.org">Site APA Style.org</a>. Site expliquant ce qu'est le style APA et fournissant quelques règles et exemples (dans la FAQ), de même que quelques ressources gratuites. Cependant, les règles complètes se retrouvent dans un ouvrage payant&#160;: le <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition"><i>Publication Manual</i></a> (version imprimée ou livre électronique).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adaptations_en_français"><span id="Adaptations_en_fran.C3.A7ais"></span>Adaptations en français</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Adaptations en français" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_APA&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Adaptations en français"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bib.umontreal.ca/citer/styles-bibliographiques/apa">Citer selon les normes de l'APA, <abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;édition</a>. Guide créé par les bibliothèques de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a> proposant une adaptation française des normes de l'APA, particulièrement au niveau du formatage des références bibliographiques. On y expose aussi les <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bib.umontreal.ca/citer/styles-bibliographiques/apa?tab=3282">principaux changements en vigueur dans la <abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;édition.</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profs-perso.teluq.ca/mcouture/www/apa/">Adaptation française des normes bibliographiques de l'APA (<abbr class="abbr" title="Sixième">6<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;édition)</a>, de Marc Couture, préparée pour la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ritpu.org"><i>Revue internationale des technologies en pédagogie universitaire</i></a>. Le site est une adaptation (effectuée avec permission de l'auteur) du <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doclib.ulg.ac.be/apa">site créé par Paul Thirion</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Université de Liège">Université de Liège</a> (Belgique), qui présente les normes originales (anglaises).</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_%C3%89cole_de_sant%C3%A9_Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Haute École de santé Genève">Haute École de Santé Genève</a>, Centre de documentation (2018), <i>Présentation des citations et références bibliographiques. Style APA.</i> HES-SO Genève. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesge.ch/heds/sites/default/files/documents/CentreDoc/citation-ref-bibio/apa_guidecitationsreferences.pdf">Lire en ligne</a> - consulté le 2 août 2020)</li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Sciences_de_l%27information_et_des_biblioth%C3%A8ques" title="Sciences de l’information et bibliothèques"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Circle-icons-bookshelf.svg/24px-Circle-icons-bookshelf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Circle-icons-bookshelf.svg/36px-Circle-icons-bookshelf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Circle-icons-bookshelf.svg/48px-Circle-icons-bookshelf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Sciences_de_l%27information_et_des_biblioth%C3%A8ques" title="Portail:Sciences de l&#39;information et des bibliothèques">Sciences de l’information et bibliothèques</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Psychologie" title="Portail de la psychologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_uc_psi.svg/24px-Greek_uc_psi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_uc_psi.svg/36px-Greek_uc_psi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Greek_uc_psi.svg/48px-Greek_uc_psi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Psychologie" title="Portail:Psychologie">Portail de la psychologie</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐mhg5j Cached time: 20241124083733 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.185 seconds Real time usage: 0.246 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 940/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21157/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1765/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7432/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.088/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4109437/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 213.897 1 -total 27.45% 58.708 1 Modèle:Portail 18.70% 40.009 1 Modèle:Références 13.68% 29.260 2 Modèle:ISBN 12.67% 27.094 1 Modèle:Lang 10.34% 22.108 1 Modèle:Suivi_des_biographies 9.77% 20.908 1 Modèle:Lien 9.39% 20.075 1 Modèle:Catégorisation_badges 8.39% 17.939 3 Modèle:Article 6.88% 14.711 4 Modèle:Lien_web --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:idhash:527571-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124083733 and revision id 219212621. 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