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class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fast bowling</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Fast_bowling" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Fast_bowling" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet 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0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <p><b>Fast bowling</b> (also referred to as <b>pace bowling</b>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Bowling_(cricket)" title="Bowling (cricket)">bowling</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, in which the ball is <a href="/wiki/Delivery_(cricket)" title="Delivery (cricket)">delivered</a> at high speed. The fastest bowlers bowl the ball at over 90 mph (140 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Practitioners of fast bowling are known as <b>fast bowlers</b> or <b>quicks</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also included in this broad category are bowlers who do not achieve the highest speeds, who may instead be known by a range of other terms, such as <b>medium fast bowlers</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to delivering the ball at speed, this type of bowler may also use <a href="/wiki/Seam_bowling" title="Seam bowling">seam bowling</a> or <a href="/wiki/Swing_bowling" title="Swing bowling">swing bowling</a> techniques, to make it even harder for the batter to play the ball correctly. The mixture of speed, seam and swing that can be achieved depends on several factors, including the individual bowler's skill, the condition of the ball, and the weather. Seam and swing are particularly important for bowlers who do not achieve the highest speeds. Therefore, they might also be referred to as a <b>seam bowler</b>, a <b>swing bowler</b>, or a <b>fast bowler who can swing it</b>, for example, if this is the predominant characteristic of their deliveries. Strictly speaking, a pure swing bowler does not need to have a high degree of pace, though dedicated medium-pace swing bowlers are rarely seen at Test level in modern times. </p><p>Fast bowling is one of the two main approaches to bowling, the other being <a href="/wiki/Spin_bowling" title="Spin bowling">spin bowling</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Terminology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Terminology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Strike_bowling"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Strike bowling</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Swing_bowling"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Swing bowling</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Reverse_swing"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reverse swing</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Risks_of_injuries"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Risks of injuries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Top_five_fast_bowlers"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Top five fast bowlers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Pace bowlers may be classified based on quantitative or qualitative attributes. </p><p>A widespread method of classification is based on average ball release speed. However, there is no universally accepted set of definitions and the categorisation of bowlers according to speed may take into account competition level<sup id="cite_ref-ferdinands-etal_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ferdinands-etal-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and gender.<sup id="cite_ref-felton-etal_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-felton-etal-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terms used in different classifications include "slow medium", "medium", "fast medium", "fast" and "express".<sup id="cite_ref-justham-etal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justham-etal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ESPNcricinfo" title="ESPNcricinfo">ESPNcricinfo</a>, a popular cricket news website, uses both "medium fast"<sup id="cite_ref-cricinfo-mf_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cricinfo-mf-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "fast medium"<sup id="cite_ref-cricinfo-fm_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cricinfo-fm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to "medium"<sup id="cite_ref-cricinfo-m_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cricinfo-m-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "fast".<sup id="cite_ref-cricinfo-f_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cricinfo-f-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowlers may be categorised according to their use of <a href="/wiki/Swing_bowling" title="Swing bowling">swing bowling</a> or <a href="/wiki/Seam_bowling" title="Seam bowling">seam bowling</a> techniques, although the term "seamer" is also commonly used to refer to pace bowlers in general.<sup id="cite_ref-seamer-atherton_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seamer-atherton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seamer-wisden_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seamer-wisden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Strike_bowling">Strike bowling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Strike bowling" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fast_bowling" title="Special:EditPage/Fast bowling">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fast+bowling%22">"Fast bowling"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fast+bowling%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fast+bowling%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fast+bowling%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fast+bowling%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fast+bowling%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Strike bowling is the term usually applied to bowlers who are used primarily to take wickets rather than restrict runs. Typically, strike bowlers work in short spells, either at the start of an innings or to confront new batters, although they are also employed tactically at other times.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For fast bowlers, results can be achieved through sheer speed and aggression, rather than by trying to make the ball move through the air (<a href="/wiki/Swing_bowling" title="Swing bowling">swing bowling</a>) or off the pitch (<a href="/wiki/Seam_bowling" title="Seam bowling">seam bowling</a>). More commonly, however, a combined approach is adopted to produce balls that the batter finds difficult or impossible to play, whatever the speed at which they are delivered. In this respect, the inswinging <a href="/wiki/Yorker" title="Yorker">yorker</a> is a good example of delivery that, even when bowled relatively slowly, can nevertheless be highly effective. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Swing_bowling">Swing bowling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Swing bowling" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swing_bowling" title="Swing bowling">Swing bowling</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fast_bowling" title="Special:EditPage/Fast bowling">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fast+bowling%22">"Fast bowling"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fast+bowling%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fast+bowling%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fast+bowling%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fast+bowling%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fast+bowling%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Swing bowlers cause the ball to move laterally through the air, rather than off the pitch like seam bowlers. Normal or conventional swing bowling is encouraged by the raised seam of the ball,<sup id="cite_ref-Science_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conventional swing is usually greatest when the ball is new and therefore has a pronounced seam. As the ball gets older, the wear makes swing more difficult to achieve, but this can be countered if the fielding team systematically polishes one side of the ball while allowing the other to become rough. When the ball has been polished highly on one side and not on the other and if the ball is bowled very fast (over 85 miles per hour (140 km/h)), it produces a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_swing" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse swing">reverse swing</a> such that the ball swings in the opposite direction as in conventional swing. Contrary to popular opinion, this <a href="/wiki/Reverse_swing" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse swing">swing</a> is not produced by air flowing faster over the smooth or "shiny" side as compared to the rough side. </p><p>Swing is produced due to a net force acting on the ball from one side; that is, the side with the more <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulent</a> <a href="/wiki/Boundary_layer" title="Boundary layer">boundary layer</a>. For conventional swing bowling, the raised seam and the direction it points governs the direction of swing. Due to the angled seam of the ball, air flowing over the seam produces turbulence on the side that the seam is angled toward. This causes the boundary layer to separate from the surface of the ball later (further toward the rear of the ball) than the other side where it separates earlier (further forward on the surface). The resulting net force acts so as to move or swing the ball in the direction of the angled seam. Conventional swing bowling is delivered with the seam angled such that the smooth or polished side of the ball faces forward to move the ball in the direction of the seam <i>i.e.</i> toward the rough side. </p><p>A swinging ball is classed as either an outswinger, which moves away from the batter, or an inswinger, which moves in toward the batter.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases the outswinger is seen as the more dangerous ball because, if the batter fails to recognise it, it catches the outside edge of the bat instead of the middle and fly up to be caught in the <a href="/wiki/Fielding_positions_in_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Fielding positions in cricket">slips</a>. Inswingers have their place too, especially combined with the <a href="/wiki/Yorker" title="Yorker">yorker</a> as this can result in the ball either breaking the wicket (by going clean "through the gate" or getting an inside edge) or hitting the pad rather than the bat (resulting in a possible <a href="/wiki/Leg_before_wicket" title="Leg before wicket">LBW</a> decision). </p><p>Swing bowling can also be roughly categorised as early swing or late swing, corresponding to when in the trajectory the ball changes direction. The later the ball swings, the less chance the batter has of adjusting to account for the swing. </p><p>Bowlers usually use the same grip and technique on swing balls as fast balls, though they usually keep the seam slightly rather than straight, and may use the slower ball grip. It is difficult to achieve swing with a cutter grip since the ball spins in flight, varying the orientation of the shiny and rough surfaces as it moves through the air. Many players, commentators on the game, and fans agree that swing is easier to achieve in humid or overcast conditions, and also that the red ball used in <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test cricket</a> swings more than the white ball used in the <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">one-day game</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reverse_swing">Reverse swing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reverse swing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reverse_swing" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse swing">Reverse swing</a> is a phenomenon that makes the ball swing in the opposite direction to that usually produced by the orientation of the shiny and rough sides of the ball.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the ball is reverse swinging, the ball swings towards the shiny side. Balls that reverse swing move much later and much more sharply than those swinging conventionally, both factors increasing the difficulty the batter has in trying to hit the ball. At speeds of over 90 mph a ball always exhibits reverse swing, but as roughness increases on the leading side, the speed at which reverse swing occurs decreases.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that an older ball is more likely to be delivered with reverse swing as its surface is roughened through use. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Reverse_swing" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse swing">reverse swing</a> the seam is angled in the same way as in conventional swing (10–20 degrees to one side) but the boundary layer on both sides is turbulent. The net effect of the seam and rough side is that the ball swings in the direction opposite to where the seam is pointing to. The turbulent boundary layer separating later is similar to the effect produced by dimples in a golf ball. In case of the golf ball, turbulence is produced on both sides of the ball and the net effect is a later separation of the boundary layer on both sides and smaller wake in the back of the ball and a lower net drag due to pressure differential between the front and the back. This enables the golf ball to travel further. </p><p>The discovery of reverse swing is credited to Pakistan's cricketers, with <a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Nawaz" title="Sarfraz Nawaz">Sarfraz Nawaz</a> and Farrukh Ahmed Khan, both named as originators of the delivery.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Risks_of_injuries">Risks of injuries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Risks of injuries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Fast bowlers typically experience the highest incidence of injury of all player roles in cricket.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest time-loss injuries are typically associated with overuse at the site of the <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spine">lumbar spine</a>. Common injuries include <a href="/wiki/Spondylolisthesis" title="Spondylolisthesis">spondylolisthesis</a> (stress fracture of the lower back), navicular stress fractures in the foot, <a href="/wiki/SLAP_tear" title="SLAP tear">shoulder injuries</a> or lesions, <a href="/wiki/Side_strain" title="Side strain">side strains</a> or intercostal strains and muscular strains of the calves, hamstrings or spinal erectors. Popular media and commentators are often critical of the number of injuries suffered by fast bowlers. However, as of 2019, injury rates are at their lowest in decades, in many parts thanks to advances in physical conditioning, sport science, and load management interventions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Top_five_fast_bowlers">Top five fast bowlers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Top five fast bowlers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket_bowling_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Test cricket bowling records">Test cricket bowling records</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International_cricket_bowling_records" class="mw-redirect" title="One Day International cricket bowling records">One Day International cricket bowling records</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International_cricket_bowling_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty20 International cricket bowling records">Twenty20 International cricket bowling records</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1274038083">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0;border-spacing:0px}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart tbody{display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{display:block;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:3px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart tr:not(:first-child):hover{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#ffffff)}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{border:dashed 1pt grey}}</style> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Top five fast bowlers in <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Tests</a> by wickets taken<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 30em">Wickets taken </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England_cricket_team" title="England cricket team"><noscript><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="England" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/James_Anderson_(cricketer)" title="James Anderson (cricketer)">James Anderson</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:30em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">704</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England_cricket_team" title="England cricket team"><noscript><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="England" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Broad" title="Stuart Broad">Stuart Broad</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:25.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">604</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="Australia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glenn_McGrath" title="Glenn McGrath">Glenn McGrath</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:24em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">563</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_cricket_team" title="West Indies cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Cricket West Indies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg/23px-WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="309"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg/23px-WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg.png" data-alt="Cricket West Indies" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg/35px-WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg/46px-WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Courtney_Walsh" title="Courtney Walsh">Courtney Walsh</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:22.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">519</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_cricket_team" title="South Africa national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" data-alt="South Africa" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dale_Steyn" title="Dale Steyn">Dale Steyn</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:18.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">439</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1274038083"> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Top five fast bowlers in <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">ODIs</a> by wickets taken<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 30em">Wickets taken </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team" title="Pakistan national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" data-alt="Pakistan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wasim_Akram" title="Wasim Akram">Wasim Akram</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:30em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">502</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team" title="Pakistan national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" data-alt="Pakistan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Waqar_Younis" title="Waqar Younis">Waqar Younis</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:24.9em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">416</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_national_cricket_team" title="Sri Lanka national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" data-alt="Sri Lanka" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chaminda_Vaas" title="Chaminda Vaas">Chaminda Vaas</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:23.9em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">400</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_cricket_team" title="South Africa national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" data-alt="South Africa" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Pollock" title="Shaun Pollock">Shaun Pollock</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:23.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">393</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="Australia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glenn_McGrath" title="Glenn McGrath">Glenn McGrath</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:22.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">381</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1274038083"> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Top five fast bowlers in <a href="/wiki/T20I" class="mw-redirect" title="T20I">T20Is</a> by wickets taken<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 30em">Wickets taken </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_cricket_team" title="New Zealand national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" data-alt="New Zealand" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Southee" title="Tim Southee">Tim Southee</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:30em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">164</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_national_cricket_team" title="Bangladesh national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" data-alt="Bangladesh" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mustafizur_Rahman" title="Mustafizur Rahman">Mustafizur Rahman</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:23.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">128</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ireland_cricket_team" title="Ireland cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg/23px-Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg/23px-Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg.png" data-alt="Ireland" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg/35px-Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg/45px-Cricket_Ireland_flag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Adair" title="Mark Adair">Mark Adair</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:22.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">122</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oman_national_cricket_team" title="Oman national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" data-alt="Oman" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bilal_Khan_(cricketer)" title="Bilal Khan (cricketer)">Bilal Khan</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:20.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">110</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England_cricket_team" title="England cricket team"><noscript><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="England" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Jordan_(cricketer)" title="Chris Jordan (cricketer)">Chris Jordan</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 30em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:19.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 30em;"><span class="nowrap">108</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1274038083"> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Fastest <b>Recorded</b> Deliveries in Cricket<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Bowler </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 20em">km/h (mph) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team" title="Pakistan national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" data-alt="Pakistan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shoaib_Akhtar" title="Shoaib Akhtar">Shoaib Akhtar</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 20em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:18.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 20em;"><span class="nowrap">161.3<span class="bar-chart-bar-comment">(100.23)</span></span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="Australia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Tait" title="Shaun Tait">Shaun Tait</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 20em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:18.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 20em;"><span class="nowrap">161.1<span class="bar-chart-bar-comment">(100.14)</span></span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="Australia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brett_Lee" title="Brett Lee">Brett Lee</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 20em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:18.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 20em;"><span class="nowrap">161.1<span class="bar-chart-bar-comment">(100.14)</span></span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="Australia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Thomson" title="Jeff Thomson">Jeff Thomson</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 20em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:18.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 20em;"><span class="nowrap">160.6<span class="bar-chart-bar-comment">(99.8)</span></span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team"><noscript><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="Australia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Starc" title="Mitchell Starc">Mitchell Starc</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 20em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:18.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 20em;"><span class="nowrap">160.4<span class="bar-chart-bar-comment">(99.7)</span></span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>NB: The above figures all exclude matches in progress </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWallace2020" class="citation web cs1">Wallace, James (2 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/dec/02/raw-truth-about-fast-bowling-cricket">"The raw truth about fast bowling"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+raw+truth+about+fast+bowling&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2020%2Fdec%2F02%2Fraw-truth-about-fast-bowling-cricket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2020" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Richard (30 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisden.com/cricket-features/the-ten-mystery-spinners-all-out-cricket">"The Ten: Mystery Spinners"</a>. <i>Wisden</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2024</span>. <q>Despite bowling attacks being primarily loaded by quicks, the spinners, since the game's inception have been the much sought after weapons for fielding captains.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wisden&rft.atitle=The+Ten%3A+Mystery+Spinners&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisden.com%2Fcricket-features%2Fthe-ten-mystery-spinners-all-out-cricket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyatRathod2020" class="citation journal cs1">Boyat, Avinash; Rathod, Priyanshu (15 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jrmds.in/articles/a-study-to-identify-the-most-common-exercises-used-in-cricket-for-improving-speed-in-medium-fast-bowlers-in-indiaa-mail-survey-60993.html">"A Study to Identify the Most Common Exercises Used in Cricket for Improving Speed in Medium Fast Bowlers in India-A Mail Survey"</a>. <i>Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science</i>. <b>9</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+in+Medical+and+Dental+Science&rft.atitle=A+Study+to+Identify+the+Most+Common+Exercises+Used+in+Cricket+for+Improving+Speed+in+Medium+Fast+Bowlers+in+India-A+Mail+Survey&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.aulast=Boyat&rft.aufirst=Avinash&rft.au=Rathod%2C+Priyanshu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrmds.in%2Farticles%2Fa-study-to-identify-the-most-common-exercises-used-in-cricket-for-improving-speed-in-medium-fast-bowlers-in-indiaa-mail-survey-60993.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ferdinands-etal-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ferdinands-etal_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerdinandsMarshallKersting2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ferdinands, Rene; Marshall, Robert N.; Kersting, Uwe (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2010.523844">"Centre of mass kinematics of fast bowling in cricket"</a>. <i>Sports Biomechanics</i>. <b>9</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">139–</span>152. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14763141.2010.523844">10.1080/14763141.2010.523844</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21162360">21162360</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205827474">205827474</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Biomechanics&rft.atitle=Centre+of+mass+kinematics+of+fast+bowling+in+cricket&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205827474%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21162360&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14763141.2010.523844&rft.aulast=Ferdinands&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Robert+N.&rft.au=Kersting%2C+Uwe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F14763141.2010.523844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-felton-etal-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-felton-etal_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On average, female fast bowlers produce slower ball release speeds than male fast bowlers: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeltonListerWorthingtonKing2019" class="citation journal cs1">Felton, P. J.; Lister, S. L.; Worthington, P. J.; King, M. A. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02640414.2018.1522700">"Comparison of biomechanical characteristics between male and female elite fast bowlers"</a>. <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>. <b>37</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">665–</span>670. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02640414.2018.1522700">10.1080/02640414.2018.1522700</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244646">30244646</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52344823">52344823</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sports+Sciences&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+biomechanical+characteristics+between+male+and+female+elite+fast+bowlers&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E665-%3C%2Fspan%3E670&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52344823%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30244646&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02640414.2018.1522700&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rft.au=Lister%2C+S.+L.&rft.au=Worthington%2C+P.+J.&rft.au=King%2C+M.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F02640414.2018.1522700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-justham-etal-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-justham-etal_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJusthamWestCork2008" class="citation journal cs1">Justham, L; West, A; Cork, A (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1243/17543371JSET25">"Quantification and characterization of cricket bowling technique for the development of the parameters required for a novel training system for cricket"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology</i>. <b>222</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">61–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1243%2F17543371JSET25">10.1243/17543371JSET25</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110189438">110189438</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Institution+of+Mechanical+Engineers%2C+Part+P%3A+Journal+of+Sports+Engineering+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Quantification+and+characterization+of+cricket+bowling+technique+for+the+development+of+the+parameters+required+for+a+novel+training+system+for+cricket&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1243%2F17543371JSET25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A110189438%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Justham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=West%2C+A&rft.au=Cork%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1243%2F17543371JSET25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cricinfo-mf-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cricinfo-mf_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/391485.html">"Jason Holder"</a>. ESPNcricinfo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jason+Holder&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fwestindies%2Fcontent%2Fplayer%2F391485.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cricinfo-fm-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cricinfo-fm_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/210283.html">"Steven Finn"</a>. ESPNcricinfo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steven+Finn&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fengland%2Fcontent%2Fplayer%2F210283.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cricinfo-m-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cricinfo-m_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/8192.html">"Steve Waugh"</a>. ESPNcricinfo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Waugh&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Faustralia%2Fcontent%2Fplayer%2F8192.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cricinfo-f-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cricinfo-f_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/42655.html">"Shoaib Akhtar"</a>. ESPNcricinfo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shoaib+Akhtar&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fpakistan%2Fcontent%2Fplayer%2F42655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seamer-atherton-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seamer-atherton_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtherton2021" class="citation news cs1">Atherton, Michael (25 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12173/12195140/james-anderson-the-complete-bowler-says-michael-atherton-after-bowling-masterclass-for-england">"James Anderson 'the complete bowler', says Michael Atherton, after bowling masterclass for England"</a>. <i>Sky Sports</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+Sports&rft.atitle=James+Anderson+%27the+complete+bowler%27%2C+says+Michael+Atherton%2C+after+bowling+masterclass+for+England&rft.date=2021-01-25&rft.aulast=Atherton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skysports.com%2Fcricket%2Fnews%2F12173%2F12195140%2Fjames-anderson-the-complete-bowler-says-michael-atherton-after-bowling-masterclass-for-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seamer-wisden-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seamer-wisden_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2004" class="citation news cs1">Stern, John (May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/wcm/content/story/140656.html">"Fast work"</a>. <i>Wisden Cricket Monthly</i>. ESPNcricinfo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisden+Cricket+Monthly&rft.atitle=Fast+work&rft.date=2004-05&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fwcm%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F140656.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRundell2006" class="citation book cs1">Rundell, Michael (2006). <i>The Wisden Dictionary of Cricket</i> (3rd ed.). London: Wisden. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713679158" title="Special:BookSources/0713679158"><bdi>0713679158</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wisden+Dictionary+of+Cricket&rft.place=London&rft.pages=178&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wisden&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0713679158&rft.aulast=Rundell&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Science-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Science_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Science_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Science_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Science_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/258645.html">"The science of swing bowling"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+science+of+swing+bowling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fmagazine%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F258645.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOborne2014" class="citation news cs1">Oborne, Peter (12 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/10963855/How-Pakistan-became-the-kings-of-swing.html">"How Pakistan became the kings of swing"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=How+Pakistan+became+the+kings+of+swing&rft.date=2014-07-12&rft.aulast=Oborne&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fcricket%2F10963855%2FHow-Pakistan-became-the-kings-of-swing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.johnorchard.com/resources/CA2014InjuryReportfinal.pdf">Link text</a>, Orchard et al. 2011, Injury report 2011: Cricket Australia, Sports Health, vo, 29, iss. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?bowling_pacespin=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling">"Records – Test Matches – Bowling records – Most wickets in career – ESPNcricinfo"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Records+%E2%80%93+Test+Matches+%E2%80%93+Bowling+records+%E2%80%93+Most+wickets+in+career+%E2%80%93+ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.espncricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fstats%2Findex.html%3Fbowling_pacespin%3D1%3Bclass%3D1%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Borderby%3Dwickets%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dbowling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?bowling_pacespin=1;class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling">"Records – One Day Internationals – Bowling records – Most wickets in career – ESPNcricinfo"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Records+%E2%80%93+One+Day+Internationals+%E2%80%93+Bowling+records+%E2%80%93+Most+wickets+in+career+%E2%80%93+ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.espncricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fstats%2Findex.html%3Fbowling_pacespin%3D1%3Bclass%3D2%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Borderby%3Dwickets%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dbowling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?bowling_pacespin=1;class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling">"Records – Twenty20 Internationals – Bowling records – Most wickets in career – ESPNcricinfo"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Records+%E2%80%93+Twenty20+Internationals+%E2%80%93+Bowling+records+%E2%80%93+Most+wickets+in+career+%E2%80%93+ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.espncricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fstats%2Findex.html%3Fbowling_pacespin%3D1%3Bclass%3D3%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Borderby%3Dwickets%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dbowling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBren_Gray2023" class="citation web cs1">Bren Gray (17 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cricnerds.com/featured/fastest-bowler-in-the-world/">"Top 10 fastest bowlers in cricket history - Fastest bowler in the world in 2023"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+10+fastest+bowlers+in+cricket+history+-+Fastest+bowler+in+the+world+in+2023&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft.au=Bren+Gray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcricnerds.com%2Ffeatured%2Ffastest-bowler-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/bowling-speeds-1-95065">"Records for All Matches-Bowling speeds(1)"</a>. <i>ESPNcricinfo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Records+for+All+Matches-Bowling+speeds%281%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Frecords%2Fbowling-speeds-1-95065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sporteology.com/top-10-fastest-bowlers-in-the-history-of-cricket/">"Top 10 Fastest Bowlers in Cricket History"</a>. <i>Sports Monkey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports+Monkey&rft.atitle=Top+10+Fastest+Bowlers+in+Cricket+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsporteology.com%2Ftop-10-fastest-bowlers-in-the-history-of-cricket%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFast+bowling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes_(cricketer)" title="Simon Hughes (cricketer)">Hughes, Simon</a> (2002), <i>Jargonbusting: The Analyst's Guide to Test Cricket</i>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 4 books">Channel 4 books</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7522-6508-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7522-6508-3">0-7522-6508-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lewis" title="Tony Lewis">Lewis, Tony</a> (Editor) (1995), <i><a href="/wiki/MCC_Masterclass" class="mw-redirect" title="MCC Masterclass">MCC Masterclass</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-81578-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-81578-4">0-297-81578-4</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&oldid=1276156674">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fast_bowling&oldid=1276156674</a>"</div></div> </div> <div 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="ফাস্ট বোলিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফাস্ট বোলিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_bowling" title="Fast bowling – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fast bowling" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_bowling" title="Fast bowling – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fast bowling" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80" title="ઝડપી ગોલંદાજી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝડપી ગોલંદાજી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="तेज गेंदबाज़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तेज गेंदबाज़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a 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data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_bowling" title="Fast bowling – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fast bowling" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="விரைவு வீச்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விரைவு வீச்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="ఫాస్ట్ బౌలింగు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫాస్ట్ బౌలింగు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="میڈیم پیس گیند باز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میڈیم پیس گیند باز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul 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