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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":45381807,"created_at":"2021-03-05T13:13:17.228-08:00","from_world_paper_id":166933389,"updated_at":"2024-11-13T19:33:08.802-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","grobid_abstract":"Sheep chromosome 3 (Oar3) has the largest number of QTLs reported to be significantly associated with resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes located in sheep chromosome 3 as well as genes involved in major immune pathways. A total of 41 SNPs were identified across 38 candidate genes in a panel of unrelated sheep and genotyped in 713 animals belonging to 22 breeds across Asia, Europe and South America. The variations and evolution of immune pathway genes were assessed in sheep populations across these macro-environmental regions that significantly differ in the diversity and load of pathogens. The mean minor allele frequency (MAF) did not vary between Asian and European sheep reflecting the absence of ascertainment bias. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters with most of South Asian, South East Asian and South West Asian breeds clustering together while European and South American sheep breeds clustered together distinctly. Analysis of molecular variance revealed strong phylogeographic structure at loci located in immune pathway genes, unlike microsatellite and genome wide SNP markers. To understand the influence of natural selection processes, SNP loci located in chromosome 3 were utilized to reconstruct haplotypes, the diversity of which showed significant deviations from selective neutrality. Reduced Median network of reconstructed haplotypes showed balancing selection in force at these loci. Preliminary association of SNP genotypes with phenotypes recorded 42 days post challenge revealed significant differences (P,0.05) in fecal egg count, body weight change and packed cell volume at two, four and six SNP loci respectively. In conclusion, the present study reports strong phylogeographic structure and balancing selection operating at SNP loci located within immune pathway genes. Further, SNP loci identified in the study were found to have potential for future large scale association studies in naturally exposed sheep populations.","publication_date":"2014,,","publication_name":"PLoS ONE","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"65907969"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Candidate Gene Approach for Parasite Resistance in Sheep – Variation in Immune Pathway Genes and Association with Fecal Egg Count","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4776673]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":65907969,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Candidate Gene Approach for Parasite Resistance in Sheep – Variation in Immune Pathway Genes and Association with Fecal Egg Count”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/65907969/mini_magick20210305-1964-jt6lbd.png?1614981427" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Candidate Gene Approach for Parasite Resistance in Sheep – Variation in Immune Pathway Genes and Association with Fecal Egg Count</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4776673" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MShamsuddin"><img alt="Profile image of Mohammed Shamsuddin" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4776673/2030956/2393952/s65_mohammed.shamsuddin.jpg" />Mohammed Shamsuddin</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014, PLoS ONE</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">16 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 45381807; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Sheep chromosome 3 (Oar3) has the largest number of QTLs reported to be significantly associated with resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes located in sheep chromosome 3 as well as genes involved in major immune pathways. A total of 41 SNPs were identified across 38 candidate genes in a panel of unrelated sheep and genotyped in 713 animals belonging to 22 breeds across Asia, Europe and South America. The variations and evolution of immune pathway genes were assessed in sheep populations across these macro-environmental regions that significantly differ in the diversity and load of pathogens. The mean minor allele frequency (MAF) did not vary between Asian and European sheep reflecting the absence of ascertainment bias. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters with most of South Asian, South East Asian and South West Asian breeds clustering together while European and South American sheep breeds clustered together distinctly. Analysis of molecular variance revealed strong phylogeographic structure at loci located in immune pathway genes, unlike microsatellite and genome wide SNP markers. To understand the influence of natural selection processes, SNP loci located in chromosome 3 were utilized to reconstruct haplotypes, the diversity of which showed significant deviations from selective neutrality. Reduced Median network of reconstructed haplotypes showed balancing selection in force at these loci. Preliminary association of SNP genotypes with phenotypes recorded 42 days post challenge revealed significant differences (P,0.05) in fecal egg count, body weight change and packed cell volume at two, four and six SNP loci respectively. In conclusion, the present study reports strong phylogeographic structure and balancing selection operating at SNP loci located within immune pathway genes. Further, SNP loci identified in the study were found to have potential for future large scale association studies in naturally exposed sheep populations.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":65907969,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/45381807/Candidate_Gene_Approach_for_Parasite_Resistance_in_Sheep_Variation_in_Immune_Pathway_Genes_and_Association_with_Fecal_Egg_Count"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":65907969,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/45381807/Candidate_Gene_Approach_for_Parasite_Resistance_in_Sheep_Variation_in_Immune_Pathway_Genes_and_Association_with_Fecal_Egg_Count"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Here we test for evidence of selection in three genes involved in vertebrate immune function -the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), interferon gamma (IFNG) and natural resistance associated macrophage polymorphism (NRAMP) -in highly structured populations of wild thinhorn sheep ( Ovis dalli ). We examined patterns of variation at microsatellite loci linked to these gene regions and at the DNA sequence level. Simple Watterson's tests indicated balancing selection at all three gene regions. However, evidence for selection was confounded by population structure, as the Watterson's test statistics from linked markers were not outside of the range of values from unlinked and presumably neutral microsatellites. The translated coding sequences of thinhorn IFNG and NRAMP are fixed and identical to those of domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ). In contrast, the thinhorn MHC DRB locus shows significant evidence of overdominance through both an excess of nonsynonymous substitution and trans-species polymorphism. The failure to detect balancing selection at microsatellite loci linked to the MHC is likely the result of recombination between the markers and expressed gene regions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Detecting the signature of selection on immune genes in highly structured populations of wild sheep (Ovis dalli)","attachmentId":53655379,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33644119/Detecting_the_signature_of_selection_on_immune_genes_in_highly_structured_populations_of_wild_sheep_Ovis_dalli_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33644119/Detecting_the_signature_of_selection_on_immune_genes_in_highly_structured_populations_of_wild_sheep_Ovis_dalli_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="114486942" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114486942/Candidate_Gene_Analysis_of_Genetic_Resistance_to_Gastrointestinal_Nematodes_in_Sheep_Through_Association_of_Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphism_with_Phenotypic_Traits">Candidate Gene Analysis of Genetic Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep Through Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with Phenotypic Traits</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="304272018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RSelvam12">R. Selvam</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6123124" href="https://arccjournals.academia.edu/ArccJournals">Arcc Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 58 Issue 1: 21-27 (January 2024)</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: A study was executed to analyze the genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes through the association of single nucleotide polymorphism markers in Toll-like receptor genes with phenotypic indicator traits in Kilakarsal and Vembur sheep breeds. Methods: The phenotypic traits for analyzing the gastrointestinal nematode infection namely FEC, change in PCV and change in body weight were recorded. The SNP markers in TLR3, TLR5, TLR6, TLR9 and TLR10 genes were employed for genotyping. Competitive allele-specific PCR-based endpoint genotyping was used to type the SNPs. The gene and genotype frequencies were estimated by using the PEAS software program. A complete fixed effects model was utilized for analysis of the association of various genotypes at each SNP with phenotypic indicator traits. Result: The global minor allele frequency of different polymorphic SNP loci ranged from 0.06 to 0.48 with a mean of 0.23, signifying their fitness for the association study. The effect of the farm had no significant influence on FEC and change in body weight, however, had a significant effect on change in PCV (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected between the sexes with FEC, change in PCV and change in body weight. The TT genotype in the TLR9_1769_CT locus showed the lowest least-squares mean FEC. The remaining 22 SNP loci showed no significant difference (P>0.05) with mean FEC. Association of 23 TLR SNP genotypes with change in PCV and change in body weight revealed no significant effect (P>0.05).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Candidate Gene Analysis of Genetic Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep Through Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with Phenotypic Traits","attachmentId":111173136,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114486942/Candidate_Gene_Analysis_of_Genetic_Resistance_to_Gastrointestinal_Nematodes_in_Sheep_Through_Association_of_Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphism_with_Phenotypic_Traits","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114486942/Candidate_Gene_Analysis_of_Genetic_Resistance_to_Gastrointestinal_Nematodes_in_Sheep_Through_Association_of_Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphism_with_Phenotypic_Traits"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="74757868" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74757868/Association_analysis_and_functional_annotation_of_imputed_sequence_data_within_genomic_regions_influencing_resistance_to_gastro_intestinal_parasites_detected_by_an_LDLA_approach_in_a_nucleus_flock_of_Sarda_dairy_sheep">Association analysis and functional annotation of imputed sequence data within genomic regions influencing resistance to gastro-intestinal parasites detected by an LDLA approach in a nucleus flock of Sarda dairy sheep</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45136173" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SoteroSalaris">Sotero Salaris</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genetics, Selection, Evolution : GSE, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background Gastroinestinal nematodes (GIN) are one of the major health problem in grazing sheep. Although genetic variability of the resistance to GIN has been documented, traditional selection is hampered by the difficulty of recording phenotypes, usually fecal egg count (FEC). To identify causative mutations or markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) to be used for selection, the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FEC based on linkage disequilibrium-linkage analysis (LDLA) was performed on 4097 ewes (from 181 sires) all genotyped with the OvineSNP50 Beadchip. Identified QTL regions (QTLR) were imputed from whole-genome sequences of 56 target animals of the population. An association analysis and a functional annotation of imputed polymorphisms in the identified QTLR were performed to pinpoint functional variants with potential impact on candidate genes identified from ontological classification or differentially expressed in previous studies. Results After clustering cl...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Association analysis and functional annotation of imputed sequence data within genomic regions influencing resistance to gastro-intestinal parasites detected by an LDLA approach in a nucleus flock of Sarda dairy sheep","attachmentId":82792253,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74757868/Association_analysis_and_functional_annotation_of_imputed_sequence_data_within_genomic_regions_influencing_resistance_to_gastro_intestinal_parasites_detected_by_an_LDLA_approach_in_a_nucleus_flock_of_Sarda_dairy_sheep","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74757868/Association_analysis_and_functional_annotation_of_imputed_sequence_data_within_genomic_regions_influencing_resistance_to_gastro_intestinal_parasites_detected_by_an_LDLA_approach_in_a_nucleus_flock_of_Sarda_dairy_sheep"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="17711150" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17711150/Signatures_of_selection_in_sheep_bred_for_resistance_or_susceptibility_to_gastrointestinal_nematodes">Signatures of selection in sheep bred for resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24580424" href="https://agresearch.academia.edu/JohnMcEwan">John C McEwan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Genomics, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the most serious causes of disease in domestic ruminants worldwide. There is considerable variation in resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes within and between sheep breeds, which appears to be due to underlying genetic diversity. Through selection of resistant animals, rapid genetic progress has been demonstrated in both research and commercial flocks. Recent advances in genome sequencing and genomic technologies provide new opportunities to understand the ovine host response to gastrointestinal nematodes at the molecular level, and to identify polymorphisms conferring nematode resistance. Results: Divergent lines of Romney and Perendale sheep, selectively bred for high and low faecal nematode egg count, were genotyped using the Illumina® Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. The resulting genome-wide SNP data were analysed for selective sweeps on loci associated with resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematode infection. Population differentiation using F ST and Peddrift revealed sixteen regions, which included candidate genes involved in chitinase activity and the cytokine response. Two of the sixteen regions identified were contained within previously identified QTLs associated with nematode resistance.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Signatures of selection in sheep bred for resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes","attachmentId":39668796,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17711150/Signatures_of_selection_in_sheep_bred_for_resistance_or_susceptibility_to_gastrointestinal_nematodes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17711150/Signatures_of_selection_in_sheep_bred_for_resistance_or_susceptibility_to_gastrointestinal_nematodes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="19798083" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19798083/The_dynamic_influence_of_genetic_variation_on_the_susceptibility_of_sheep_to_gastrointestinal_nematode_infection">The dynamic influence of genetic variation on the susceptibility of sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40535863" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MStear">Michael Stear</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The interaction between sheep and the nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta is one of the best understood of all host-parasite interactions. Following infection, there is considerable variation among lambs in the number of nematode eggs produced, the number of early fourth-stage larvae and the number of adult worms in the mucosa. These traits have a high variance to mean ratio (i.e. they are overdispersed or aggregated among hosts), they are skewed and approximately negative binomially distributed. The sources of overdispersion are differences among lambs in the ingestion of infective larvae and the immune response. Both forces can produce aggregation but their relative importance is unknown. The key components of variation can be identified by variance analysis. The sum of the average effects of polymorphic genes is known as additive genetic variation and this increases essentially from zero at one month of age to quite high values at six months of age. The major mechanism underlying genetic variation appears to be the differences among individuals in immune responses. Two of the major sources of variation in immune responses are differences in antigen recognition and differences in the type of cytokines produced. Genes that influence both these sources of variation are associated with differences in resistance to nematode infection. Therefore, much of the heterogeneity among animals in parasite transmission appears to be due to genetic variation in immune responsiveness.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The dynamic influence of genetic variation on the susceptibility of sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infection","attachmentId":42014921,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19798083/The_dynamic_influence_of_genetic_variation_on_the_susceptibility_of_sheep_to_gastrointestinal_nematode_infection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19798083/The_dynamic_influence_of_genetic_variation_on_the_susceptibility_of_sheep_to_gastrointestinal_nematode_infection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="110106118" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110106118/Associations_between_MHC_class_II_variation_and_phenotypic_traits_in_a_free_living_sheep_population">Associations between MHC class II variation and phenotypic traits in a free-living sheep population</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41993804" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeithBallingall">Keith Ballingall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Authorea (Authorea), 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Pathogen-mediated selection (PMS) is thought to maintain the high level of allelic diversity observed in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. A comprehensive way to demonstrate contemporary selection is to examine associations between MHC variation and individual fitness. As individual fitness is hard to measure, many studies examine associations between MHC diversity and phenotypic traits which include direct or indirect measures of adaptive immunity thought to contribute to fitness. Here, we tested associations between MHC class II variation and five representative phenotypic traits measured in August: weight, strongyle faecal egg count, and plasma IgA, IgE and IgG immunoglobulin titres against the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta in a free-living population of Soay sheep. We found no association between MHC class II variation and August weight or strongyle faecal egg count. We did however find associations between MHC class II variation and immunoglobulin levels which varied with age, isotype and sex. Our results suggest associations between MHC and phenotypic traits are more likely to be found for traits more closely associated with pathogen defence than integrative traits such as body weight and highlight a useful role of MHC-antibody associations in examining selection on MHC genes. Associations between MHC class II variation and phenotypic traits in a free-living sheep population "MHC effects on phenotypic traits" Wei Huang11These authors contributed equally to this work</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Associations between MHC class II variation and phenotypic traits in a free-living sheep population","attachmentId":108026905,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110106118/Associations_between_MHC_class_II_variation_and_phenotypic_traits_in_a_free_living_sheep_population","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110106118/Associations_between_MHC_class_II_variation_and_phenotypic_traits_in_a_free_living_sheep_population"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="61300057" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61300057/Genomic_Regions_Associated_with_Sheep_Resistance_to_Gastrointestinal_Nematodes">Genomic Regions Associated with Sheep Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36592385" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MagdaBenavides">Magda Benavides</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Trends in Parasitology, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genomic Regions Associated with Sheep Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes","attachmentId":74371182,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61300057/Genomic_Regions_Associated_with_Sheep_Resistance_to_Gastrointestinal_Nematodes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61300057/Genomic_Regions_Associated_with_Sheep_Resistance_to_Gastrointestinal_Nematodes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="32160038" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32160038/Genetics_Selection_Evolution_Quantitative_trait_loci_for_resistance_to_trichostrongylid_infection_in_Spanish_Churra_sheep">Genetics Selection Evolution Quantitative trait loci for resistance to trichostrongylid infection in Spanish Churra sheep</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25668918" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/AranzazuMeana">Aranzazu Meana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: For ruminants reared on grazing systems, gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite infections represent the class of diseases with the greatest impact on animal health and productivity. Among the many possible strategies for controlling GIN infection, the enhancement of host resistance through the selection of resistant animals has been suggested by many authors. Because of the difficulty of routinely collecting phenotypic indicators of parasite resistance, information derived from molecular markers may be used to improve the efficiency of classical genetic breeding.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetics Selection Evolution Quantitative trait loci for resistance to trichostrongylid infection in Spanish Churra sheep","attachmentId":52397967,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32160038/Genetics_Selection_Evolution_Quantitative_trait_loci_for_resistance_to_trichostrongylid_infection_in_Spanish_Churra_sheep","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32160038/Genetics_Selection_Evolution_Quantitative_trait_loci_for_resistance_to_trichostrongylid_infection_in_Spanish_Churra_sheep"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="17710964" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17710964/Genotype_rankings_for_host_resistance_to_internal_parasites_for_sheep_grazed_in_contrasting_environments">Genotype rankings for host resistance to internal parasites for sheep grazed in contrasting environments</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24580424" href="https://agresearch.academia.edu/JohnMcEwan">John C McEwan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1997</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The magnitude of genotype by environment interactions for host resistance to internal parasitic nematodes was investigated using anthehnintic abbreviated natural field challenges in 4 to 9 month old lambs in New Zealand flocks. Nematode species composition and level of infection varied markedly between flocks. The traits investigated included strongyle and Nemutodirus eggs per gram of faeces and host antibody levels specific to L3 I: colubrijkmis excretory/secretory antigens. Coopworth and Romney breeds were used with strongyle egg counts during the autumn challenge measured on 8154 and 20326 progeny descended from 253 and 571 sires respectively. Of these 153 Coopworth and 257 Romney sires were represented in several contemporary groups, averaging 2.82 and 3.92 groups/sire respectively. Genotype by environment interactions were highly significant for many traits, but the intra-class correlation between breeding values measured in different environments averaged 0.72 (range 0.58-0.81) for the faecal egg count traits and 0.48 (range 0.47-0.48) for the antibody trait. These results suggest that the breeding values for sheep estimated from faecal egg counts will be largely independent of the flock, sex or year in which they were measured.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotype rankings for host resistance to internal parasites for sheep grazed in contrasting environments","attachmentId":39668734,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17710964/Genotype_rankings_for_host_resistance_to_internal_parasites_for_sheep_grazed_in_contrasting_environments","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17710964/Genotype_rankings_for_host_resistance_to_internal_parasites_for_sheep_grazed_in_contrasting_environments"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="19798061" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19798061/Quantitative_trait_loci_associated_with_parasitic_infection_in_Scottish_blackface_sheep">Quantitative trait loci associated with parasitic infection in Scottish blackface sheep</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40535863" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MStear">Michael Stear</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Heredity, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci associated with endoparasitic infection in Scottish Blackface sheep. Data were collected from 789 animals over a 3-year period. All of the animals were continually exposed to a mixed nematode infection by grazing. Faecal samples were collected in August, September and October each year at ca. 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age; Nematodirus spp. eggs were counted separately from the other species of nematodes. Blood samples were collected in October from which immunoglobulin A (IgA) activity was measured and DNA was extracted for genotyping. In total, 139 Microsatellite markers were genotyped across eight chromosomal regions (chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, 18, 20 and 21) in the sires and progeny were genotyped for the markers that were polymorphic in their sire. Evidence was found for quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2, 3, 14 and 20. QTL associated with specific IgA activity were identified in chromosomes 3 and 20, in regions close to IFNG (chromosome 3) and the MHC (chromosome 20). QTL associated with Nematodirus FEC were identified on chromosomes 2, 3 and 14. Lastly, QTL associated with non-Nematodirus Strongyle FEC were identified on chromosomes 3 and 20. This study has shown that some aspects of host resistance to gastrointestinal parasites are under strong genetic control, therefore these QTL could be utilised in a marker-assisted selection scheme to increase host resistance to gastrointestinal parasites.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantitative trait loci associated with parasitic infection in Scottish blackface sheep","attachmentId":42014920,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19798061/Quantitative_trait_loci_associated_with_parasitic_infection_in_Scottish_blackface_sheep","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19798061/Quantitative_trait_loci_associated_with_parasitic_infection_in_Scottish_blackface_sheep"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65907969,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65907969,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_65907969" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="10090154" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10090154/Discovery_of_quantitative_trait_loci_for_resistance_to_parasitic_nematode_infection_in_sheep_I_Analysis_of_outcross_pedigrees">Discovery of quantitative trait loci for resistance to parasitic nematode infection in sheep: I. Analysis of outcross pedigrees</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24580424" href="https://agresearch.academia.edu/JohnMcEwan">John C McEwan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Genomics, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Discovery of quantitative trait loci for resistance to parasitic nematode infection in sheep: I. Analysis of outcross pedigrees","attachmentId":36213087,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10090154/Discovery_of_quantitative_trait_loci_for_resistance_to_parasitic_nematode_infection_in_sheep_I_Analysis_of_outcross_pedigrees","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10090154/Discovery_of_quantitative_trait_loci_for_resistance_to_parasitic_nematode_infection_in_sheep_I_Analysis_of_outcross_pedigrees"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="18866068" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18866068/Quantitative_trait_loci_QTL_mapping_of_resistance_to_strongyles_and_coccidia_in_the_free_living_Soay_sheep_Ovis_aries_">Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of resistance to strongyles and coccidia in the free-living Soay sheep (Ovis aries)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38972289" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JillPilkington">Jill Pilkington</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal for Parasitology, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of resistance to strongyles and coccidia in the free-living Soay sheep (Ovis aries)","attachmentId":40298751,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18866068/Quantitative_trait_loci_QTL_mapping_of_resistance_to_strongyles_and_coccidia_in_the_free_living_Soay_sheep_Ovis_aries_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18866068/Quantitative_trait_loci_QTL_mapping_of_resistance_to_strongyles_and_coccidia_in_the_free_living_Soay_sheep_Ovis_aries_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="74669295" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74669295/Historical_Introgression_from_Wild_Relatives_Enhanced_Climatic_Adaptation_and_Resistance_to_Pneumonia_in_Sheep">Historical Introgression from Wild Relatives Enhanced Climatic Adaptation and Resistance to Pneumonia in Sheep</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="102316685" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TatianaDeniskova">Tatiana Deniskova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Biology and Evolution</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Historical Introgression from Wild Relatives Enhanced Climatic Adaptation and Resistance to Pneumonia in 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