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Countries eye COP29 finance deal while subsidising climate damage | News | Eco-Business | Asia Pacific

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class="eb-article__standfirst-wrapper"> <h2 class="eb-article__standfirst">The G20 in Rio de Janeiro recommitted to tackling fossil fuel subsidies, but vulnerable communities need&nbsp;support.</h2> </div> <div class="eb-article__media"> <figure class="eb-article__featured-image"> <img src="https://eco-business.imgix.net/ebmedia/fileuploads/54131577217_257d79afa1_6k.jpg?ar=16%3A10&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=django-1.2.0&q=85&width=320" alt="COP29_Subsidies_Climate_Financing" srcset="https://eco-business.imgix.net/ebmedia/fileuploads/54131577217_257d79afa1_6k.jpg?ar=16%3A10&auto=format&dpr=2&fit=crop&ixlib=django-1.2.0&q=45&width=320 640w, https://eco-business.imgix.net/ebmedia/fileuploads/54131577217_257d79afa1_6k.jpg?ar=16%3A10&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=django-1.2.0&q=85&width=700 700w, https://eco-business.imgix.net/ebmedia/fileuploads/54131577217_257d79afa1_6k.jpg?ar=16%3A10&auto=format&dpr=2&fit=crop&ixlib=django-1.2.0&q=45&width=480 960w, https://eco-business.imgix.net/ebmedia/fileuploads/54131577217_257d79afa1_6k.jpg?ar=16%3A10&auto=format&dpr=2&fit=crop&ixlib=django-1.2.0&q=45&width=700 1400w, https://eco-business.imgix.net/ebmedia/fileuploads/54131577217_257d79afa1_6k.jpg?ar=16%3A10&auto=format&dpr=2&fit=crop&ixlib=django-1.2.0&q=45&width=1100 2200w" sizes="(min-width: 1300px) 1100px, (min-width: 740px) 700px, 100vw"> <figcaption id="eb-article-featured-image-caption" class="eb-article__featured-image__caption"> G20 nations&nbsp;spent nearly US$1 trillion on fossil fuel subsidies&nbsp;for consumers in 2022, according to another analysis by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). Image: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/cop29/">COP29 Azerbaijan</a> </figcaption> <button data-eb-component="eb-toggle" data-eb-toggle-target="#eb-article-featured-image-caption" class="eb-article__caption-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="eb-icon eb-icon-device-camera " width="16" height="16" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M15 3H7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H2c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v9c0 .55.45 1 1 1h14c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V4c0-.55-.45-1-1-1zM6 5H2V4h4v1zm4.5 7C8.56 12 7 10.44 7 8.5S8.56 5 10.5 5 14 6.56 14 8.5 12.44 12 10.5 12zM13 8.5c0 1.38-1.13 2.5-2.5 2.5S8 9.87 8 8.5 9.13 6 10.5 6 13 7.13 13 8.5z"/></svg> </button> </figure> </div> <div class="eb-article__social-share"> <div class="eb-share" id="eb-share"> <ul class="eb-share__items"> <li class="eb-share__item"> <a title="Share on Twitter" class="eb-share__item--action eb-share__item--twitter" 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="eb-icon eb-icon-search "><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.75 1a.75.75 0 00-.75.75v3c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 00.75-.75v-3a.75.75 0 00-.75-.75h-4.5zm.75 3V2.5h3V4h-3zm-2.874-.467a.75.75 0 00-.752-1.298A1.75 1.75 0 002 3.75v9.5c0 .966.784 1.75 1.75 1.75h8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0014 13.25v-9.5a1.75 1.75 0 00-.874-1.515.75.75 0 10-.752 1.298.25.25 0 01.126.217v9.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 01.126-.217z"/></svg> </button> </div> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="eb-article__meta"> <div class="eb-article__byline"> <div class="eb-article__byline__author"> <a class="eb-article__byline__author-link" href="https://www.context.news/just-transition/countries-eye-cop29-finance-deal-while-subsidising-climate-damage" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Thomson Reuters Foundation</a> </div> <div class="eb-article__meta__time"> 4 minute read <span class="eb-article__meta__divider"></span> <time class="eb-article__byline__publish-date" datetime="Nov. 21, 2024, 10:30 a.m.">Nov. 21, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="eb-article__body"> <section class="eb-article__body-content"> <div class="ArticleText_text__9RYj1"> <p>At the UN COP29 climate summit in Azerbaijan, one issue is dominating proceedings: money.</p> <p>Countries are tasked with agreeing a new financial goal to help developing nations tackle climate change, a figure UN agencies say should reach US$1 trillion a year by the end of the decade.</p> <p>But governments are also spending trillions of dollars to support the production and <a href="https://www.context.news/just-transition/opinion/at-cop28-its-time-to-transform-the-global-financial-architecture" rel="noopener" target="_blank">use of fossil fuels</a>, such as subsidising the cost of petrol at the pump, which are the primary drivers of the climate crisis. </p> <p>States spent more than US$1.5 trillion <a href="https://www.earthtrack.net/sites/default/files/documents/ehs_report_september-2024-update_final.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank">subsidising fossil fuels</a> like coal, oil and gas in 2022 alone, according to a report published in September by Earth Track, a US-based research outfit tracking subsidies harming the environment.</p> <div class="ArticleText_text__9RYj1"> <p>In Brazil, the lion&#8217;s share of government support goes to subsidising fossil fuels instead of renewable energy, said Helena Spiritus, the global lead, oil and gas transition for WWF.</p> <p>&#8220;Fossil fuels keep going because of that and renewable energy doesn&#8217;t have the same competitive advantage,&#8221; she told Context at COP29.</p> <p>Spiritus said that while COP29 negotiations may not explicitly mention subsidies, global efforts being discussed to transition away from fossil fuels, <a href="https://www.context.news/net-zero/at-cop28-transition-from-fossil-fuels-agreed-but-doubts-remain" rel="noopener" target="_blank">agreed at the last COP28 in Dubai</a>, are impossible without shifting these payments.</p> <p>There have already been a <a href="https://www.context.news/net-zero/how-fossil-fuel-subsidies-are-hurting-the-energy-transition" rel="noopener" target="_blank">series of international pledges</a> to phase out fossil fuels and subsidies incentivising them, including a series of statements at UN COP meetings.</p> <blockquote> <h2 class="quote">“</h2> <p>The figures on the subsidies show that the world&#8217;s finance is moving in the wrong direction, with far more finance flowing to fuelling the climate crisis rather than taking action against it.</p> <p class="quote-credit">Teresa Anderson, global lead on climate justice, ActionAid</p> </blockquote> <p>The G20 group of countries meeting in Rio de Janeiro this week recommitted to <a href="https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/media/18-11-2024-declaracao-de-lideres-g20.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank">phasing out &#8220;inefficient&#8221; subsidies</a> in a leaders&#8217; declaration, a pledge it first made in 2009.</p> <p>But actual global progress has been limited. Subsidies remain stubbornly high and cutting them is not easy politically, as consumers rely on them.</p> <p>G20 nations <a href="https://www.context.news/net-zero/how-fossil-fuel-subsidies-are-hurting-the-energy-transition" rel="noopener" target="_blank">spent nearly US$1 trillion on fossil fuel subsidies</a> for consumers in 2022, according to another analysis by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).</p> <p>Governments from the Global South are also following suit, spending an <a href="https://actionaid.org/publications/2024/industries-fuelling-climate-crisis-are-draining-public-funds-global-south-new" rel="noopener" target="_blank">average of US$439 billion a year</a> between 2016 to 2023, compared to just US$10 billion a year on renewable energy public investment, a recent report by the rights group ActionAid said.</p> <p>&#8220;The figures on the subsidies show that the world&#8217;s finance is moving in the wrong direction, with far more finance flowing to fuelling the climate crisis rather than taking action against it,&#8221; said Teresa Anderson, the global lead on climate justice at ActionAid.</p> </div> <div class="row g-0 ArticleSingleImage_wrapper__v8ERl"> <div class="col-24"> <h4>Reform pitfalls</h4> <p>The drive to cut back fossil fuel subsidies in many countries is driven by domestic economic concerns like rising debt or heavy energy spending, rather than as a measure of addressing climate change, said Jakob Skovgaard, a senior lecturer at Lund University in Sweden.</p> <p>Attempts to remove subsidies can raise costs of transport or irrigation, which in turn may badly impact workers and the poor unless proactive measures are taken to protect them. </p> <p>&#8220;Any attempt at reform or phase-out tends to be extremely contentious,&#8221; he said.</p> <p>Protests against rising fuel prices have erupted in emerging economies from Angola to Nigeria as debt-ridden governments try to <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/deluge-protests-fuel-subsidies-prove-hard-abolish-2024-08-08/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">cut back subsidies.</a> That has made politicians reluctant to adopt further unpopular economic policies.</p> <p>Mass <a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/troubled-bangladeshs-economy-bogged-down-by-high-unemployment-inflation-2024-08-08/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">protests</a> that toppled Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in August this year were <a href="https://cpd.org.bd/a-quest-for-a-possible-option-for-the-subsidy-phaseout/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">inflamed by fuel price hikes</a> that impacted small businesses, farmers and consumers.</p> <p>Rather than scrapping subsidies overnight, countries should have a fair, phased strategy for fossil fuel subsidy reform, said IISD policy advisor Natalie Jones.</p> <p>Such reforms should be undertaken when fuel prices are lower and the government should have a clear, predictable road map allowing consumers to adjust to the changes, she said.  </p> <p>Emerging economies can find ways to support the most vulnerable in society while pushing subsidy reforms, energy experts said.</p> <p>In Egypt, cuts to fossil fuel subsidies in 2014 were tied with food subsidies and social pensions to cushion poorer people from the <a href="https://www.wri.org/update/egypt-transitioning-away-subsidizing-fossil-fuels" rel="noopener" target="_blank">impact of the reform.</a></p> <p>Other countries, like the Dominican Republic, <a href="https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/energy/how-can-cash-transfers-support-energy-subsidy-reforms" rel="noopener" target="_blank">set up cash transfer programmes</a> to compensate for fuel price hikes.</p> <p>As many countries undertaking these reforms are debt-ridden, cancelling debts could be a key way of allowing governments to direct resources towards social assistance programmes, said Anderson form ActionAid.</p> <p>Global public debt is rising, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/imf-says-global-public-debt-top-100-trillion-growth-may-accelerate-2024-10-15/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">exceeding US$100 billion</a> for the first time this year and creating pressure on countries relying on imported fuels.</p> <p>&#8220;Ultimately, you have to phase out fossil fuels to <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44168-024-00149-7" rel="noopener" target="_blank">end subsidies</a> and rich nations should lead by example,&#8221; said Jakob Skovgaard.</p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This story was published with permission from <a href="https://www.context.news/just-transition/countries-eye-cop29-finance-deal-while-subsidising-climate-damage">Thomson Reuters Foundation</a>, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, climate change, resilience, women’s rights, trafficking and property rights. 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