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data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History">Business History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3479" type="text/json">{"id":3479,"name":"Business History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political 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War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War_Studies?f_ri=79323"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=79323"},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":162706,"name":"Prometheus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prometheus?f_ri=79323"},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=79323"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=79323"},{"id":951808,"name":"The American Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American_Culture?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74312520" data-work_id="74312520" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74312520/The_Republic_of_Cyprus_and_Its_Foreign_Policy_a_Historical_Overview_1960_2004">The Republic of Cyprus and Its Foreign Policy: a Historical Overview, 1960-2004</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter provides a historical background to the present book and contributes to the international literature about the RoC by exploring the important drivers behind the country’s foreign policy, from 1960 to 2004. These drivers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74312520" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter provides a historical background to the present book and contributes to the international literature about the RoC by exploring the important drivers behind the country’s foreign policy, from 1960 to 2004. These drivers encompass not only the unfolding of the Cyprus Problem and important international developments but also the concepts of national survival and prosperity. The present overview is done through the prism of the RoC’s relations with international organisations and adopts a<br />thematic structure to tie together the drivers behind the RoC’s alignment (or not) with key international organisations. This approach accommodates the better understanding of the country’s international orientation at various periods of its Modern History.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74312520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7ba9e1710bb7222024c506f6bc56857" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82508260,"asset_id":74312520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82508260/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="279468" href="https://ouc.academia.edu/AndreasKaryos">Andreas Karyos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="279468" type="text/json">{"id":279468,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Karyos","domain_name":"ouc","page_name":"AndreasKaryos","display_name":"Andreas Karyos","profile_url":"https://ouc.academia.edu/AndreasKaryos?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/279468/26883/37113535/s65_andreas.karyos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74312520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74312520"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74312520, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74312520", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74312520]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74312520").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74312520").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74312520"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="138" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History">Diplomatic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="138" type="text/json">{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1911" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies">International Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1911" type="text/json">{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations">International organizations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3345" type="text/json">{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74312520]'), work: {"id":74312520,"title":"The Republic of Cyprus and Its Foreign Policy: a Historical Overview, 1960-2004","created_at":"2022-03-22T08:49:39.894-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74312520/The_Republic_of_Cyprus_and_Its_Foreign_Policy_a_Historical_Overview_1960_2004?f_ri=79323","dom_id":"work_74312520","summary":"This chapter provides a historical background to the present book and contributes to the international literature about the RoC by exploring the important drivers behind the country’s foreign policy, from 1960 to 2004. These drivers encompass not only the unfolding of the Cyprus Problem and important international developments but also the concepts of national survival and prosperity. The present overview is done through the prism of the RoC’s relations with international organisations and adopts a\nthematic structure to tie together the drivers behind the RoC’s alignment (or not) with key international organisations. This approach accommodates the better understanding of the country’s international orientation at various periods of its Modern History.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82508260,"asset_id":74312520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":279468,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Karyos","domain_name":"ouc","page_name":"AndreasKaryos","display_name":"Andreas Karyos","profile_url":"https://ouc.academia.edu/AndreasKaryos?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/279468/26883/37113535/s65_andreas.karyos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":4054,"name":"Cyprus Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprus_Studies?f_ri=79323"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=79323"},{"id":6707,"name":"Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy?f_ri=79323"},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=79323"},{"id":12785,"name":"History of International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_International_Relations?f_ri=79323"},{"id":14363,"name":"Cyprus conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprus_conflict?f_ri=79323"},{"id":16978,"name":"History of Cyprus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cyprus?f_ri=79323"},{"id":16979,"name":"Modern History of Cyprus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History_of_Cyprus?f_ri=79323"},{"id":17406,"name":"Cyprus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprus?f_ri=79323"},{"id":56279,"name":"The Cyprus Problem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Cyprus_Problem?f_ri=79323"},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":86109,"name":"Cyprus and the East Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprus_and_the_East_Mediterranean?f_ri=79323"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=79323"},{"id":816440,"name":"Postcolonial Cyprus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Cyprus?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3378079" data-work_id="3378079" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3378079/The_Politics_of_World_War_II_in_Contemporary_Ukraine">The Politics of World War II in Contemporary Ukraine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines the role of political factors in attitudes toward World War II in contemporary Ukraine. The question under examination is which factors determine public views of the principal warring sides and their leaders in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3378079" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines the role of political factors in attitudes toward World War II in contemporary Ukraine. The question under examination is which factors determine public views of the principal warring sides and their leaders in Ukraine. This paper uses a representative national survey specifically designed for this research project and conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in 2012. It analyzes the roles of regionalism, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, age, and sex in attitudes toward the Red Army, Soviet partisans, the German Army (Wehrmacht), and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) during the war, as well as toward the wartime leaders of the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the UPA. The analysis of the survey data shows that regional values, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, and age have significant effects on views of the Soviet Army and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during the war and attitudes toward the wartime activities of Joseph Stalin and Roman Shukhevych. Public perceptions of the German Army and Adolf Hitler in Ukraine do not vary much across regions, political parties, and ethnic, language, age, and sex groups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3378079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53558de15e5a62ed234f0f00419d9530" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38565772,"asset_id":3378079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38565772/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186256" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski">Ivan Katchanovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186256" type="text/json">{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3378079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3378079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3378079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3378079", }); 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The question under examination is which factors determine public views of the principal warring sides and their leaders in Ukraine. This paper uses a representative national survey specifically designed for this research project and conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in 2012. It analyzes the roles of regionalism, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, age, and sex in attitudes toward the Red Army, Soviet partisans, the German Army (Wehrmacht), and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) during the war, as well as toward the wartime leaders of the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the UPA. The analysis of the survey data shows that regional values, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, and age have significant effects on views of the Soviet Army and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during the war and attitudes toward the wartime activities of Joseph Stalin and Roman Shukhevych. Public perceptions of the German Army and Adolf Hitler in Ukraine do not vary much across regions, political parties, and ethnic, language, age, and sex groups.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38565772,"asset_id":3378079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":133,"name":"Military 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in the conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. This mass killing of the protesters and the mass... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8776021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The massacre of almost 50 Maidan protesters on February 20, 2014 was a turning point in Ukrainian politics and a tipping point in the conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. This mass killing of the protesters and the mass shooting of the police that preceded it led to the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and gave a start to a civil war in Donbas in Eastern Ukraine, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. A conclusion promoted by the post-Yanukovych governments and the media in Ukraine that the massacre was perpetrated by government snipers and special police units on a Yanukovych order has been nearly universally accepted by the Western governments, the media, and many scholars. The Ukrainian government investigation identified members of the special company of Berkut as responsible for killings of the absolute majority of the protesters, but did not release any evidence in support, with the exception of videos of the massacre. <br />              The question is which side organized the “snipers’ massacre.” This paper is the first academic study of this crucial case of the mass killing. It uses a theory of rational choice and a Weberian theory of instrumental rationality to examine actions of major actors both from the Yanukovych government, specifically various police and security forces, and the Maidan opposition, specifically its far right and oligarchic elements, during the massacre. <br />          The paper analyzes a large amount of evidence from different publicly available sources concerning this massacre and killings of specifics protesters. Qualitative content analysis includes the following data: about 1,500 videos and recordings of live internet and TV broadcasts from mass media and social media in different countries(some 150 gigabytes), news reports and social media posts by more than 100 journalists covering the massacre from Kyiv, some 5,000 photos, and nearly 30 gigabytes of publicly available radio intercepts of snipers and commanders from the special Alfa unit of the Security Service of Ukraine and Internal Troops, and Maidan massacre trial recordings. This study also employs field research on site of the massacre, eyewitness reports by both Maidan protesters and government special units commanders, statements by both former and current government officials, estimates of approximate ballistic trajectories, bullets and weapons used, and types of wounds among both protesters and the police. This study establishes a precise timeline for various events of the massacre, the locations of both the shooters and the government snipers, and the specific timeline and locations of nearly 50 protesters’ deaths. It also briefly analyzes other major cases of violence during and after the “Euromaidan.” This study includes two video appendixes. <br />            This academic investigation concludes that the massacre was a false flag operation, which was rationally planned and carried out with a goal of the overthrow of the government and seizure of power. It found various evidence of the involvement of an alliance of the far right organizations, specifically the Right Sector and Svoboda, and oligarchic parties, such as Fatherland. Concealed shooters and spotters were located in at least 20 Maidan-controlled buildings or areas. The various evidence that the protesters were killed from these locations include some 70 testimonies, primarily by Maidan protesters, several videos of “snipers” targeting protesters from these buildings, comparisons of positions of the specific protesters at the time of their killing and their entry wounds, and bullet impact signs. The study uncovered various videos and photos of armed Maidan “snipers” and spotters in many of these buildings. The paper presents implications of these findings for understanding the nature of the change of the government in Ukraine, the civil war in Donbas, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8776021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dc0350e977c1310e6750f2adf8759a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55794502,"asset_id":8776021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55794502/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186256" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski">Ivan Katchanovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186256" type="text/json">{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8776021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8776021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8776021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8776021", }); 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This mass killing of the protesters and the mass shooting of the police that preceded it led to the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and gave a start to a civil war in Donbas in Eastern Ukraine, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. A conclusion promoted by the post-Yanukovych governments and the media in Ukraine that the massacre was perpetrated by government snipers and special police units on a Yanukovych order has been nearly universally accepted by the Western governments, the media, and many scholars. The Ukrainian government investigation identified members of the special company of Berkut as responsible for killings of the absolute majority of the protesters, but did not release any evidence in support, with the exception of videos of the massacre. \r\n The question is which side organized the “snipers’ massacre.” This paper is the first academic study of this crucial case of the mass killing. It uses a theory of rational choice and a Weberian theory of instrumental rationality to examine actions of major actors both from the Yanukovych government, specifically various police and security forces, and the Maidan opposition, specifically its far right and oligarchic elements, during the massacre. \r\n The paper analyzes a large amount of evidence from different publicly available sources concerning this massacre and killings of specifics protesters. Qualitative content analysis includes the following data: about 1,500 videos and recordings of live internet and TV broadcasts from mass media and social media in different countries(some 150 gigabytes), news reports and social media posts by more than 100 journalists covering the massacre from Kyiv, some 5,000 photos, and nearly 30 gigabytes of publicly available radio intercepts of snipers and commanders from the special Alfa unit of the Security Service of Ukraine and Internal Troops, and Maidan massacre trial recordings. This study also employs field research on site of the massacre, eyewitness reports by both Maidan protesters and government special units commanders, statements by both former and current government officials, estimates of approximate ballistic trajectories, bullets and weapons used, and types of wounds among both protesters and the police. This study establishes a precise timeline for various events of the massacre, the locations of both the shooters and the government snipers, and the specific timeline and locations of nearly 50 protesters’ deaths. It also briefly analyzes other major cases of violence during and after the “Euromaidan.” This study includes two video appendixes. \r\n This academic investigation concludes that the massacre was a false flag operation, which was rationally planned and carried out with a goal of the overthrow of the government and seizure of power. It found various evidence of the involvement of an alliance of the far right organizations, specifically the Right Sector and Svoboda, and oligarchic parties, such as Fatherland. Concealed shooters and spotters were located in at least 20 Maidan-controlled buildings or areas. The various evidence that the protesters were killed from these locations include some 70 testimonies, primarily by Maidan protesters, several videos of “snipers” targeting protesters from these buildings, comparisons of positions of the specific protesters at the time of their killing and their entry wounds, and bullet impact signs. The study uncovered various videos and photos of armed Maidan “snipers” and spotters in many of these buildings. The paper presents implications of these findings for understanding the nature of the change of the government in Ukraine, the civil war in Donbas, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55794502,"asset_id":8776021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66177490/The_lights_that_failed_European_International_History_1919_1933">The lights that failed. European International History 1919-1933</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">International historians have been waiting a long time for this book. Their anticipation of the volume is testimony to the esteem with which Zara Steiner's contribution to the field is held. The good news is that the volume has been worth... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66177490" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">International historians have been waiting a long time for this book. Their anticipation of the volume is testimony to the esteem with which Zara Steiner's contribution to the field is held. The good news is that the volume has been worth the wait; the bad news is that the wait is not quite over, for volume two covering the years from 1933 to 1939 is still in production. Researching and writing international history on this scale demands patience from the author and her audience as it is a considerable undertaking. The Lights that Failed draws on a variety of archival materials housed in four countries and on a literature published in at least six different languages. While it eschews a recent preoccupation of the field with the cultural aspects of international diplomacy with its predominate focus on economic and political relations, the array of countries, personalities, themes and events covered is enormous. The author would like to thank Dr Clavin for her incisive review. Some of the questions raised in the review are ones which she hopes to address in the second volume, currently in preparation, where she also intends to comment more extensively on her methodology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66177490" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5521262be1730e274ffaadf41a5dc796" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77472491,"asset_id":66177490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77472491/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59429623" href="https://independent.academia.edu/J%C3%BAlioJoaquimSilva">Júlio Joaquim Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59429623" type="text/json">{"id":59429623,"first_name":"Júlio Joaquim","last_name":"Silva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JúlioJoaquimSilva","display_name":"Júlio Joaquim Silva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/J%C3%BAlioJoaquimSilva?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59429623/22877366/22025267/s65_j_lio_joaquim.silva.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-66177490">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-66177490"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuliodaCostaRodriguesdaSilva">Júlio da Costa Rodrigues da Silva</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-66177490'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-66177490').html(); 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European International History 1919-1933","created_at":"2021-12-28T01:15:03.258-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66177490/The_lights_that_failed_European_International_History_1919_1933?f_ri=79323","dom_id":"work_66177490","summary":"International historians have been waiting a long time for this book. Their anticipation of the volume is testimony to the esteem with which Zara Steiner's contribution to the field is held. The good news is that the volume has been worth the wait; the bad news is that the wait is not quite over, for volume two covering the years from 1933 to 1939 is still in production. Researching and writing international history on this scale demands patience from the author and her audience as it is a considerable undertaking. The Lights that Failed draws on a variety of archival materials housed in four countries and on a literature published in at least six different languages. 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This is a 1989 review of a 1988 English version... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29721564" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Enrique Gonzalez-Manet's book The Hidden War of Information translated by Laurien Alexandre, ironically is itself an example of  the dominated flows of information the author so excoriates.  This is a 1989 review of a 1988 English version of a Cuban book completed in 1985 that cites largely the literature in the 1979-1983 period. It may well be the first book published in English by a Cuban scholar since the Cuban revolution. So much in this Hook is vital information for North Americans, yet the U.S. information blockade of Cuba has kept it "hidden" until now.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29721564" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f70bc1d3e40f496444108e45cbaab951" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50173320,"asset_id":29721564,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50173320/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4747851" href="https://plymouthstate.academia.edu/HowardFrederick">Howard H Frederick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4747851" type="text/json">{"id":4747851,"first_name":"Howard","last_name":"Frederick","domain_name":"plymouthstate","page_name":"HowardFrederick","display_name":"Howard H Frederick","profile_url":"https://plymouthstate.academia.edu/HowardFrederick?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4747851/2012800/16476186/s65_howard.frederick_s..jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29721564 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29721564"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29721564, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29721564", }); 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This is a 1989 review of a 1988 English version of a Cuban book completed in 1985 that cites largely the literature in the 1979-1983 period. It may well be the first book published in English by a Cuban scholar since the Cuban revolution. So much in this Hook is vital information for North Americans, yet the U.S. information blockade of Cuba has kept it \"hidden\" until now.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50173320,"asset_id":29721564,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4747851,"first_name":"Howard","last_name":"Frederick","domain_name":"plymouthstate","page_name":"HowardFrederick","display_name":"Howard H Frederick","profile_url":"https://plymouthstate.academia.edu/HowardFrederick?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4747851/2012800/16476186/s65_howard.frederick_s..jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":7451,"name":"Information Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Policy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":413725,"name":"Radio Broadcasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_Broadcasting?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50872860" data-work_id="50872860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50872860/Chinas_reckless_hostage_diplomacy_increases_the_chances_of_war_Nikkei_Asia">China's reckless hostage diplomacy increases the chances of war - Nikkei Asia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Xi Jinping's ascent to the pinnacle of power within China and the Chinese Communist Party has brought with it a more assertive foreign policy in all directions. By continuing to browse this website, you accept cookies which are used for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50872860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Xi Jinping's ascent to the pinnacle of power within China and the Chinese Communist Party has brought with it a more assertive foreign policy in all directions. By continuing to browse this website, you accept cookies which are used for several reasons such as personalizing content/ads and analyzing how this website is used. 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By continuing to browse this website, you accept cookies which are used for several reasons such as personalizing content/ads and analyzing how this website is used. Please review our Cookie Policy to learn how you can update your cookie settings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68752038,"asset_id":50872860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":206190,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Nagy","domain_name":"icu","page_name":"StephenRobertNagy","display_name":"Stephen R Nagy","profile_url":"https://icu.academia.edu/StephenRobertNagy?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206190/48067/21060417/s65_stephen.nagy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=79323"},{"id":12787,"name":"Chinese foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_foreign_policy?f_ri=79323"},{"id":72937,"name":"Canadian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=79323"},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":82703,"name":"South China Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_China_Sea?f_ri=79323"},{"id":89303,"name":"Canada-China relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada-China_relations?f_ri=79323"},{"id":94451,"name":"Taiwan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taiwan?f_ri=79323"},{"id":150548,"name":"Chinese Communist Party","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Communist_Party?f_ri=79323"},{"id":160275,"name":"International Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security_Studies?f_ri=79323"},{"id":733260,"name":"Xi Jinping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xi_Jinping?f_ri=79323"},{"id":916015,"name":"East China Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_China_Sea?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38143527" data-work_id="38143527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38143527/Najwa%C5%BCniejsze_elementy_reformy_kancelarii_centrali_Ministerstwa_Spraw_Zagranicznych_w_Warszawie_w_1933_roku">Najważniejsze elementy reformy kancelarii centrali Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych w Warszawie w 1933 roku</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The contents of the presented article are the main aspects of Poland Foreign Affairs chancery and its reform in 1933. The main reason of reflection on this subject is the desire to develop and supplement the current state of research. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38143527" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The contents of the presented article are the main aspects of Poland Foreign Affairs chancery and its reform in 1933. The main reason of reflection on this subject is the desire to develop and supplement the current state of research. The article is based on the subject literature and documents found in polish archives. The seconds reason is the show results of mentioned reform. Chancery and it’s reform allowed for effective functioning of Poland Foreign Affairs after 1933 year.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38143527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d957841cae9f45a036acaa7b9736570b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58175576,"asset_id":38143527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58175576/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8621853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Romanowski">Piotr Romanowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8621853" type="text/json">{"id":8621853,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Romanowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Romanowski","display_name":"Piotr Romanowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Romanowski?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8621853/2921573/3416809/s65_piotr.romanowski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38143527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38143527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38143527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38143527", }); 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The main reason of reflection on this subject is the desire to develop and supplement the current state of research. The article is based on the subject literature and documents found in polish archives. The seconds reason is the show results of mentioned reform. Chancery and it’s reform allowed for effective functioning of Poland Foreign Affairs after 1933 year.\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58175576,"asset_id":38143527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8621853,"first_name":"Piotr","last_name":"Romanowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Romanowski","display_name":"Piotr Romanowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Romanowski?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8621853/2921573/3416809/s65_piotr.romanowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7513,"name":"Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":184431,"name":"Chancery Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chancery_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44051717" data-work_id="44051717" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44051717/Book_Flyer_The_Integrated_Ethics_Reader_Reconnecting_Thought_Emotion_and_Reverence_in_a_World_on_the_Brink_REVISED_FIRST_EDITION_">Book Flyer: The Integrated Ethics Reader: Reconnecting Thought, Emotion, and Reverence in a World on the Brink (REVISED FIRST EDITION)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">TOC to the Revised First Edition (2020) of this reader, which now includes chapters on the ethics of artificial intelligence and the ethics of human enhancement. The reader now covers a more fulsome range of topics that undergraduate and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44051717" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">TOC to the Revised First Edition (2020) of this reader, which now includes chapters on the ethics of artificial intelligence and the ethics of human enhancement. The reader now covers a more fulsome range of topics that undergraduate and graduate students in a range of disciplines will find useful, from international relations to global aid to environmental protection.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44051717" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa4ae0c75bfcbd6220a5e8e5b9196fb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64393025,"asset_id":44051717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64393025/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9646095" href="https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/DavidMcClean">David E . McClean</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9646095" type="text/json">{"id":9646095,"first_name":"David","last_name":"McClean","domain_name":"newark-rutgers","page_name":"DavidMcClean","display_name":"David E . McClean","profile_url":"https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/DavidMcClean?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9646095/3035709/3567669/s65_david.mcclean.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44051717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44051717"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44051717, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44051717", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44051717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44051717; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44051717"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44051717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44051717"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44051717; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44051717]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44051717").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44051717").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44051717"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="864" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Philosophy">Environmental Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="864" type="text/json">{"id":864,"name":"Environmental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Philosophy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44051717]'), work: {"id":44051717,"title":"Book Flyer: The Integrated Ethics Reader: Reconnecting Thought, Emotion, and Reverence in a World on the Brink (REVISED FIRST EDITION)","created_at":"2020-09-09T07:33:22.745-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44051717/Book_Flyer_The_Integrated_Ethics_Reader_Reconnecting_Thought_Emotion_and_Reverence_in_a_World_on_the_Brink_REVISED_FIRST_EDITION_?f_ri=79323","dom_id":"work_44051717","summary":"TOC to the Revised First Edition (2020) of this reader, which now includes chapters on the ethics of artificial intelligence and the ethics of human enhancement. The reader now covers a more fulsome range of topics that undergraduate and graduate students in a range of disciplines will find useful, from international relations to global aid to environmental protection.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64393025,"asset_id":44051717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9646095,"first_name":"David","last_name":"McClean","domain_name":"newark-rutgers","page_name":"DavidMcClean","display_name":"David E . McClean","profile_url":"https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/DavidMcClean?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9646095/3035709/3567669/s65_david.mcclean.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":864,"name":"Environmental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Philosophy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=79323"},{"id":5247,"name":"Critical Race Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Theory?f_ri=79323"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=79323"},{"id":6579,"name":"Cosmopolitanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitanism?f_ri=79323"},{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=79323"},{"id":13475,"name":"Foreign Aid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Aid?f_ri=79323"},{"id":17382,"name":"Wisdom Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Traditions?f_ri=79323"},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":557632,"name":"Albert Schweitzer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albert_Schweitzer?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47500504" data-work_id="47500504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47500504/The_Dominion_of_War_Empire_and_Liberty_in_North_America_1500_2000">The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500–2000</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47500504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="924c881b8026a3ad53ee1b32f2dcd19b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66561200,"asset_id":47500504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66561200/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64788396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RuudJanssens">Ruud Janssens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64788396" type="text/json">{"id":64788396,"first_name":"Ruud","last_name":"Janssens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuudJanssens","display_name":"Ruud Janssens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuudJanssens?f_ri=79323","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47500504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47500504"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47500504, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47500504", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47500504]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47500504").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47500504").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47500504"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="79323" type="text/json">{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="253469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_America">North America</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="253469" type="text/json">{"id":253469,"name":"North America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_America?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="257992" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies">Historical Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="257992" type="text/json">{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47500504]'), work: {"id":47500504,"title":"The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500–2000","created_at":"2021-04-22T14:09:27.543-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47500504/The_Dominion_of_War_Empire_and_Liberty_in_North_America_1500_2000?f_ri=79323","dom_id":"work_47500504","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66561200,"asset_id":47500504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64788396,"first_name":"Ruud","last_name":"Janssens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuudJanssens","display_name":"Ruud Janssens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuudJanssens?f_ri=79323","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":253469,"name":"North America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_America?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78099640" data-work_id="78099640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78099640/The_struggle_for_Iraqs_future_how_corruption_incompetence_and_sectarianism_have_undermined_democracy">The struggle for Iraq's future: how corruption, incompetence and sectarianism have undermined democracy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Prior research has suggested that many older Americans have not saved enough to maintain consumption levels in old age. One way older persons might respond to inadequate savings would be to extend their worklives by delaying retirement.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78099640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Prior research has suggested that many older Americans have not saved enough to maintain consumption levels in old age. One way older persons might respond to inadequate savings would be to extend their worklives by delaying retirement. This paper examines evidence on this matter using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel survey of people age 51-61 in 1992 followed for several years in a panel. We use the data to project household retirement assets and to determine how much more saving would be needed to preserve post-retirement consumption levels. Our research then examines the links between derived saving shortfall measures and delayed retirement patterns. Among nonmarried persons, there is evidence that larger shortfalls do produce delayed retirement, though the effect is not quantitatively large. For married couples, pre-retirement wealth shortfalls do not appear to be significantly associated with delayed retirement. Evidently couples have other means of handling saving shortfalls.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78099640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b7590731aec4b07d14da2c9dfd52360" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85265534,"asset_id":78099640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85265534/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11424902" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/ZAlAli">Zaid Al-Ali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11424902" type="text/json">{"id":11424902,"first_name":"Zaid","last_name":"Al-Ali","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"ZAlAli","display_name":"Zaid Al-Ali","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/ZAlAli?f_ri=79323","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78099640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78099640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78099640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78099640", }); 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One way older persons might respond to inadequate savings would be to extend their worklives by delaying retirement. This paper examines evidence on this matter using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel survey of people age 51-61 in 1992 followed for several years in a panel. We use the data to project household retirement assets and to determine how much more saving would be needed to preserve post-retirement consumption levels. Our research then examines the links between derived saving shortfall measures and delayed retirement patterns. Among nonmarried persons, there is evidence that larger shortfalls do produce delayed retirement, though the effect is not quantitatively large. For married couples, pre-retirement wealth shortfalls do not appear to be significantly associated with delayed retirement. Evidently couples have other means of handling saving shortfalls.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85265534,"asset_id":78099640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11424902,"first_name":"Zaid","last_name":"Al-Ali","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"ZAlAli","display_name":"Zaid Al-Ali","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/ZAlAli?f_ri=79323","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":105450,"name":"Council on Foreign Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Council_on_Foreign_Relations?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7626541" data-work_id="7626541" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7626541/Twenty_First_Century_India_Population_Economy_Human_Development_and_the_Environment">Twenty-First Century India: Population, Economy, Human Development, and the Environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Development">Human Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7466" type="text/json">{"id":7466,"name":"Human Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Development?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7626541]'), work: {"id":7626541,"title":"Twenty-First Century India: Population, Economy, Human Development, and the Environment","created_at":"2014-07-10T18:38:51.216-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7626541/Twenty_First_Century_India_Population_Economy_Human_Development_and_the_Environment?f_ri=79323","dom_id":"work_7626541","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41511605,"asset_id":7626541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13787164,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Cassen","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"RobertCassen","display_name":"Robert Cassen","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/RobertCassen?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13787164/3829488/4481223/s65_robert.cassen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":7466,"name":"Human Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Development?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":87108,"name":"Environmental Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues?f_ri=79323"},{"id":187908,"name":"Population Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Growth?f_ri=79323"},{"id":295924,"name":"Energy Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Use?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8225720" data-work_id="8225720" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8225720/Earth_in_the_Balance_Ecology_and_the_Human_Spirit">Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8225720" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="539a3caf55d2847cb91ebb2e7cc98a11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48177216,"asset_id":8225720,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33153803/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_kapcsolatok_angol_magyar_magyar_angol_glossz%C3%A1rium">Nemzetközi kapcsolatok angol-magyar / magyar-angol glosszárium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hiánypótló kézikönyvet tart kezében az Olvasó, hiszen tizenöt év telt el legutóbbi, a politika és a diplomácia területéhez kapcsolódó glosszárium megjelenése óta. A nemzetközi kapcsolatok háttere és gyakorlata nagymértékben változott, az... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33153803" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hiánypótló kézikönyvet tart kezében az Olvasó, hiszen tizenöt év telt el legutóbbi, a politika és a diplomácia területéhez kapcsolódó glosszárium megjelenése óta. A nemzetközi kapcsolatok háttere és gyakorlata nagymértékben változott, az infokommunikáció fejlődésével az egész világ – és ezzel együtt a nemzetközi kapcsolatok rendszere – digitalizálódott, felgyorsult és célorientáltabbá vált.  A gazdasági – politikai diplomácia és protokoll területén egyre nagyobb szükség mutatkozott egy naprakész szószedetre, amely teljességre törekedve összefoglalja a terület szókincsét és gyorsan kereshető, könnyen használható formában mutatja be azt a felhasználóknak. A szótár gondos gyűjtő- és kutatómunka eredménye: a sokéves szakmai gyakorlat folyamán megszerzett egyéni tapasztalat adja meg a közel 13 000 szócikk pontosságát, használhatóságát. <br />A szótári részt kiegészítik a hozzá kapcsolódó tematikus gyűjtemények: többek között a magyar állam működésével kapcsolatos kifejezések, a közjogi méltóságok felsorolása, a protokoll-listák, valamint a diplomáciai rangok és a megszólítások.<br />Haszonnal forgathatják a külszolgálatra készülő leendő diplomaták, a felsőfokú diplomáciai szaknyelvvizsgára készülők, tolmácsok és szakfordítók, valamint mindazok, akik nemzetközi kapcsolatokról oktatnak vagy tanulnak, továbbá akik munkájuk során nemzetközi kapcsolatokat ápolnak akár a versenyszférában, akár az államigazgatási szerveknél.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33153803" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2e4709c982b6b20cf18d378f1829e67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53242222,"asset_id":33153803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53242222/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="930981" href="https://pte.academia.edu/NikolettaHosso">Dr. Hossó Nikoletta Ph.D.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="930981" type="text/json">{"id":930981,"first_name":"Dr. Hossó","last_name":"Nikoletta Ph.D.","domain_name":"pte","page_name":"NikolettaHosso","display_name":"Dr. Hossó Nikoletta Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://pte.academia.edu/NikolettaHosso?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/930981/2731836/34668561/s65_nikoletta.hosso.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33153803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33153803"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33153803, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33153803", }); 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his relationship with the two notorious kings in the 1900s- Amir Habibullah Khan and King Aman... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45179657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“Two Kings and a Leader is a book about the phenomenal story of the First Foreign Minister of Afghanistan Sardar Mahmud Tarzi, his family, and his relationship with the two notorious kings in the 1900s- Amir Habibullah Khan and King Aman Ullah. It is a vibrant depiction of Mahmud Tarzi’s struggles and efforts for the independence of Afghanistan. More elucidating is the fact that these stories are told by Mahmud Tarzi’s great-grandson Ömer Tarzi.<br /><br />An important segment of the book is dedicated to Afghanistan’s struggle with two of the great powers of the time (Britain and Russia) and the vital achievements of Afghanistan’s First Foreign Minister, Sardar Mahmud Tarzi, in international political affairs.<br /><br />“Of course, at the fore there was always a king, but the leader standing behind was very important.”</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45179657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b78da0252461ea48a398094428210e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65765165,"asset_id":45179657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65765165/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34247532" href="https://metu.academia.edu/KaanNamli">Kaan Namli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34247532" type="text/json">{"id":34247532,"first_name":"Kaan","last_name":"Namli","domain_name":"metu","page_name":"KaanNamli","display_name":"Kaan Namli","profile_url":"https://metu.academia.edu/KaanNamli?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34247532/18462245/90004909/s65_kaan.namli.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45179657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45179657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45179657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45179657", }); 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It is a vibrant depiction of Mahmud Tarzi’s struggles and efforts for the independence of Afghanistan. More elucidating is the fact that these stories are told by Mahmud Tarzi’s great-grandson Ömer Tarzi.\n\nAn important segment of the book is dedicated to Afghanistan’s struggle with two of the great powers of the time (Britain and Russia) and the vital achievements of Afghanistan’s First Foreign Minister, Sardar Mahmud Tarzi, in international political affairs.\n\n“Of course, at the fore there was always a king, but the leader standing behind was very important.”","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65765165,"asset_id":45179657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34247532,"first_name":"Kaan","last_name":"Namli","domain_name":"metu","page_name":"KaanNamli","display_name":"Kaan Namli","profile_url":"https://metu.academia.edu/KaanNamli?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34247532/18462245/90004909/s65_kaan.namli.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5357,"name":"Afghanistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afghanistan?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":18598,"name":"History of Turkey and Middle east","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Turkey_and_Middle_east?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":23760,"name":"Translation and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_and_literature?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11114191" data-work_id="11114191" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11114191/Whos_Bashing_Whom_Trade_Conflict_in_High_Technology_Industries">Who's Bashing Whom? 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11114191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11114191").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11114191").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11114191"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="387" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies">Japanese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="387" type="text/json">{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2004" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications_Policy">Telecommunications Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2004" type="text/json">{"id":2004,"name":"Telecommunications Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications_Policy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11114191]'), work: {"id":11114191,"title":"Who's Bashing Whom? 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Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications_Policy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=79323"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=79323"},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=79323"},{"id":1030929,"name":"Orbis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orbis?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55181456" data-work_id="55181456" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55181456/The_Banana_Wars_An_Inner_History_of_American_Empire_1900_1934">The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900-1934</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55181456" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae42bad4d7df43c558881ba319174688" rel="nofollow" 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Buy now on sale at Amazon.com ... Page as PDF: We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History PDF Category:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58165270" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Author: John Lewis Gaddis Format: Paperback Publish Date: July 1998 ISBN-10: 0198780710 ISBN-13: 9780198780717 List Price: $24.95 ... Buy now on sale at Amazon.com ... 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Page as PDF: We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History PDF Category: History - Russia Tags: ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72709022,"asset_id":58165270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46606339,"first_name":"roberto","last_name":"gilonna","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"robertogilonna","display_name":"roberto gilonna","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/robertogilonna?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46606339/54338219/42482616/s65_roberto.gilonna.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":60744,"name":"History of the American West","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_American_West?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=79323"},{"id":1270114,"name":"Revista Brasileira De Política Internacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revista_Brasileira_De_Politica_Internacional?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37675625" data-work_id="37675625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37675625/Judges_and_High_Prerogative_The_Enduring_Influence_of_Expertise_and_Legal_Purity">Judges & High Prerogative: The Enduring Influence of Expertise and Legal Purity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article investigates UK judicial engagement with the war and related foreign affairs prerogatives, specifically considering developments in judicial review since 2002. It outlines the comparative strengthening of judicial checks on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37675625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article investigates UK judicial engagement with the war and related foreign affairs prerogatives, specifically considering developments in judicial review since 2002.  It outlines the comparative strengthening of judicial checks on high policy prerogatives during this period, but finds that such advances have had minimal impact in real terms; case outcomes remain unaltered and prerogatives in this area are still afforded special treatment by the judiciary.  The specific aim of this article is to identify underlying reasons why, despite appearances, there has been no actual material departure from the traditional GCHQ position which ring-fenced such prerogatives as immune from judicial scrutiny.  To this end it conducts a detailed analysis of caselaw, identifying and discussing two interrelated reasons.  <br /><br />First, in war and foreign affairs matters the judiciary employ boundaries between law and non-law, specifically eliminating political or policy issues from their concern.  However, attempting to maintain the ‘internal purity’ of law involves judicial concessions in other respects; the way in which the courts apply boundaries is selective and inconsistent, ultimately acting to favour the government of the day. <br /><br />Second, knowledge or expertise is a key factor underlying judicial approaches in war, defence and foreign affairs.  Executive views in this area have always enjoyed precedence in the courtroom and this is logically justified on the basis that government has superior expertise and exclusive access to information in this area.  The precedence of executive views has continued in recent caselaw, undermining the appearance of strengthening judicial checks.  The weight that courts afford government evidence in such areas is, for the most part, institutionally mandatory and it must therefore be concluded that the courts are incapable of effectively checking ministerial prerogative in war and related foreign affairs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37675625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0fa2b825373f5673f16a3a189227ce2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57664908,"asset_id":37675625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57664908/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96323194" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/RebeccaMoosavian">Rebecca Moosavian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96323194" type="text/json">{"id":96323194,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Moosavian","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"RebeccaMoosavian","display_name":"Rebecca Moosavian","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/RebeccaMoosavian?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96323194/21028370/20522417/s65_rebecca.moosavian.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37675625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37675625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37675625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37675625", }); 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It outlines the comparative strengthening of judicial checks on high policy prerogatives during this period, but finds that such advances have had minimal impact in real terms; case outcomes remain unaltered and prerogatives in this area are still afforded special treatment by the judiciary. The specific aim of this article is to identify underlying reasons why, despite appearances, there has been no actual material departure from the traditional GCHQ position which ring-fenced such prerogatives as immune from judicial scrutiny. To this end it conducts a detailed analysis of caselaw, identifying and discussing two interrelated reasons. \n\nFirst, in war and foreign affairs matters the judiciary employ boundaries between law and non-law, specifically eliminating political or policy issues from their concern. However, attempting to maintain the ‘internal purity’ of law involves judicial concessions in other respects; the way in which the courts apply boundaries is selective and inconsistent, ultimately acting to favour the government of the day. \n\nSecond, knowledge or expertise is a key factor underlying judicial approaches in war, defence and foreign affairs. Executive views in this area have always enjoyed precedence in the courtroom and this is logically justified on the basis that government has superior expertise and exclusive access to information in this area. The precedence of executive views has continued in recent caselaw, undermining the appearance of strengthening judicial checks. The weight that courts afford government evidence in such areas is, for the most part, institutionally mandatory and it must therefore be concluded that the courts are incapable of effectively checking ministerial prerogative in war and related foreign affairs.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57664908,"asset_id":37675625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96323194,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Moosavian","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"RebeccaMoosavian","display_name":"Rebecca Moosavian","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/RebeccaMoosavian?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96323194/21028370/20522417/s65_rebecca.moosavian.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7813,"name":"Judicial review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judicial_review?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34857290/Hack_Power_and_Cyberbullying_Power_Two_tools_of_Governmental_activism">Hack Power and Cyberbullying Power: Two tools of Governmental activism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article aims at introducing two new concepts: Hack Power and Cyberbullying Power, which complement and broaden the Hybrid Warfare approach and, at the same time, reveal a series of academic characteristics that enables their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34857290" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article aims at introducing two new concepts: Hack Power and Cyberbullying Power, which complement and broaden the Hybrid Warfare approach and, at the same 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The collected results indicate that the Hack Power and the Cyberbullying Power are two new categories of military power which could be implemented among digital security, defense and attack systems of some governments with regard to the threats of hostile organizations. However, it should be pointed out that the content of this article is directly linked to the conclusions arising from the article Clockwork Cyberactivism (esp. Ciberactivismo mecánico), which was issued under the supervision of the Saint Petersburg State University. Finally, a series of bibliographical, journalistic and digital sources have been consulted for this article, which have been useful to identify a set of recurring military and corporative activities deployed in the last few years through social media and which tend to evolve as they reach positive outcomes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34857290" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ce7975647dcbe20278c907afe2894a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54716121,"asset_id":34857290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54716121/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15228946" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlfredoAlfonsoTorrealba">Alfredo Alfonso Torrealba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15228946" type="text/json">{"id":15228946,"first_name":"Alfredo Alfonso","last_name":"Torrealba","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlfredoAlfonsoTorrealba","display_name":"Alfredo Alfonso Torrealba","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlfredoAlfonsoTorrealba?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15228946/4128655/12652771/s65_alfredo_alfonso.torrealba.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34857290 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34857290"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34857290, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34857290", }); 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The collected results indicate that the Hack Power and the Cyberbullying Power are two new categories of military power which could be implemented among digital security, defense and attack systems of some governments with regard to the threats of hostile organizations. However, it should be pointed out that the content of this article is directly linked to the conclusions arising from the article Clockwork Cyberactivism (esp. Ciberactivismo mecánico), which was issued under the supervision of the Saint Petersburg State University. Finally, a series of bibliographical, journalistic and digital sources have been consulted for this article, which have been useful to identify a set of recurring military and corporative activities deployed in the last few years through social media and which tend to evolve as they reach positive outcomes. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54716121,"asset_id":34857290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15228946,"first_name":"Alfredo Alfonso","last_name":"Torrealba","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlfredoAlfonsoTorrealba","display_name":"Alfredo Alfonso Torrealba","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlfredoAlfonsoTorrealba?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15228946/4128655/12652771/s65_alfredo_alfonso.torrealba.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":9707,"name":"Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":71526,"name":"Soft Power and International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Power_and_International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":1135079,"name":"Hard Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hard_Power?f_ri=79323"},{"id":1328172,"name":"Hybrid Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybrid_Warfare?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48621772" data-work_id="48621772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48621772/Born_to_Die_Disease_and_New_World_Conquest_1492_1650">Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492-1650</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48621772" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87b01b0bb0b94c0eb2baa1a38f62eb41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67138294,"asset_id":48621772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67138294/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="153230065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoNoelli">Francisco Noelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="153230065" type="text/json">{"id":153230065,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Noelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoNoelli","display_name":"Francisco Noelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoNoelli?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/153230065/77602301/66141756/s65_francisco.noelli.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48621772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48621772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48621772, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48621772", }); 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American case and to put Iran on the &amp;amp;#x27;theoretical map&amp;amp;#x27; in terms of both Waller-steinian world-system theory and neo-Marxist modes ... the ulema. He considers the greatest of all these fragile attempts at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1277243" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... American case and to put Iran on the &amp;amp;#x27;theoretical map&amp;amp;#x27; in terms of both Waller-steinian world-system theory and neo-Marxist modes ... the ulema. He considers the greatest of all these fragile attempts at social transformation the revolution of 1979 when, under Khomeini and the ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1277243" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="098e67e444772c92a981f60bb2b45f83" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51382976,"asset_id":1277243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51382976/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1146934" href="https://soc.academia.edu/JohnForan">John Foran</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1146934" type="text/json">{"id":1146934,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Foran","domain_name":"soc","page_name":"JohnForan","display_name":"John Foran","profile_url":"https://soc.academia.edu/JohnForan?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1146934/403927/493874/s65_john.foran.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1277243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1277243"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1277243, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1277243", }); 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American case and to put Iran on the \u0026amp;amp;#x27;theoretical map\u0026amp;amp;#x27; in terms of both Waller-steinian world-system theory and neo-Marxist modes ... the ulema. He considers the greatest of all these fragile attempts at social transformation the revolution of 1979 when, under Khomeini and the ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51382976,"asset_id":1277243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1146934,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Foran","domain_name":"soc","page_name":"JohnForan","display_name":"John Foran","profile_url":"https://soc.academia.edu/JohnForan?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1146934/403927/493874/s65_john.foran.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":823263,"name":"Contemporary Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Sociology?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11114209" data-work_id="11114209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11114209/Trade_Policy_and_Market_Structure">Trade Policy and Market Structure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Elhanan Helpman and Paul Krugman, Trade Policy and Market Structure (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) pp. 191, $24.95.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58107586/The_flight_of_the_creative_class_The_new_global_competition_for_talent">The flight of the creative class: The new global competition for talent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The I-Cubed (Information, Intangibles, Innovation) Economy runs on talent and creativity. No one has is made that more clear than Richard Florida, whose 2002 bestseller The Rise of the Creative Class received The Washington Monthly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58107586" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The I-Cubed (Information, Intangibles, Innovation) Economy runs on talent and creativity. No one has is made that more clear than Richard Florida, whose 2002 bestseller The Rise of the Creative Class received The Washington Monthly Political Book Award for that year and was later named by Harvard Business Review as one of the top breakthrough ideas of 2004. That book explored the role of creative individuals in the economic life of America's cities and towns. His new book, The Flight of the Creative Class, looks at the growing global competition for talent. According to Dr. Florida, the United States, which has long been the preferred destination for the world's top entrepreneurial, innovative, scientific, artistic and cultural talent, is for the first time losing this key historical advantage. U.S. immigration laws are driving away foreign talent, while improved opportunities and greater tolerance of alternative lifestyles are luring some of the best and brightest from the United States. He argues that unless the United States can attract, retain, and grow top-notch creative talent, the increasingly intense competition will continue to weaken the U.S. economy. This policy forum explored these provocative ideas and discussed ways to counter these trends.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58107586" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2824484601bf343b3bc6324a3c334af1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72680266,"asset_id":58107586,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72680266/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47354600" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RFlorida">R. 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No one has is made that more clear than Richard Florida, whose 2002 bestseller The Rise of the Creative Class received The Washington Monthly Political Book Award for that year and was later named by Harvard Business Review as one of the top breakthrough ideas of 2004. That book explored the role of creative individuals in the economic life of America's cities and towns. His new book, The Flight of the Creative Class, looks at the growing global competition for talent. According to Dr. Florida, the United States, which has long been the preferred destination for the world's top entrepreneurial, innovative, scientific, artistic and cultural talent, is for the first time losing this key historical advantage. U.S. immigration laws are driving away foreign talent, while improved opportunities and greater tolerance of alternative lifestyles are luring some of the best and brightest from the United States. He argues that unless the United States can attract, retain, and grow top-notch creative talent, the increasingly intense competition will continue to weaken the U.S. economy. This policy forum explored these provocative ideas and discussed ways to counter these trends.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72680266,"asset_id":58107586,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47354600,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Florida","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RFlorida","display_name":"R. 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u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The nuclear proliferation problem, as posed, is insoluble. All policies to control proliferation have assumed that the rapid worldwide spread of nuclear power is essential to reduce dependence on oil, economically desirable, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54097226" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The nuclear proliferation problem, as posed, is insoluble. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/48682114/Islam_and_Politics">Islam and Politics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There remains a deeper problem in making a religious text foundational and that can be summed up in Is Islam a Political Ideology?-Patheos This book is an accessible and comprehensive account of political Islam in the twenty-first... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48682114" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There remains a deeper problem in making a religious text foundational and that can be summed up in Is Islam a Political Ideology?-Patheos This book is an accessible and comprehensive account of political Islam in the twenty-first century. Drawing on insights from comparative politics and Islamic Egyptians in hajj divided over Islam in politics-Yahoo News 14 Nov 2014-13 min-Uploaded by CrashCourseIn which John Green teaches you about how Islam has interacted with politics during it's. Islam and Politics: Politics Course: SOAS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN. RELIGION AND POLITICS. IN ISLAM. A speech delivered. by. Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad Khalifatul Masih IV. at the Inter?religious 12 Jun 2015. Islam and Politics in the Middle East. Explaining the Views of Ordinary Citizens. Mark Tessler. Series: Indiana Series in Middle East Studies. Shariah Relationship Between Religion and Politics in Islam One of the comments which writers on Islamic Political Philosophy often make is that it is irremediably conservative. Even the so-called modernizers have in Political Islam. The power of religion. For Islamists, government is proving harder than opposition. Jul 13th 2013 From the print edition. Timekeeper. Add this Political aspects of Islam-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference. Ottoman Rule in Yemen, 1849-1919. Go to Online Edition. Thomas Kuehn. Historians of the Middle East in the long Amazon.com: Islam and Politics (9780415782579): Peter 29 Jun 2014. Political Islam is an attractive concept for many Muslims and some expect it to resolve some of the economic, political and cultural problems ?Islamic politics-English-islamqa.info Islamic politics. 178080-Is it permissible for ordinary people to label as a kaafir one who reviles Islam, without referring to the scholars concerning that? Islam and Politics Shia Political Thought Books on Islam .-Al-Islam Islam is a cultural, religious and political system. Only the political system is of interest to kafirs (non-Muslims) since it determines how we are defined and treated Political Islam: The power of religion-The Economist Over the past three decades, scholars, government analysts and terrorism experts have examined the relationship between Islam and politics. But specialists The Basics of the Political System in Islam (part 1 of 2): Islam a Total. 23 Apr 2013. In the wake of Egypt's revolution, a sea change is undeniably under way: Islam is playing a different and more powerful role in Egyptian public Islam and Politics in the Middle East-Indiana University Press ?Islam and Politics, Fourth Edition (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East) [John Esposito] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. This work on Essential Features of the Islamic Political System by. Abul Ala Maududi. The political system of Islam is based on three principles: Tawhid (unity of Allah), Risalat Religion and Politics: Islamexplorefaith-ExploreFaith.org Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Qur'an, the Sunna (the sayings and living habits of Muhammad), Muslim history, and elements of political. Islam and Politics in the New Egypt-Carnegie Endowment for. Islam is a "total way of life." It has provided guidance in every sphere of life, from individual cleanliness, rules of trade, to the structure and politics of the society. Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference Brill Most Muslims are comfortable practicing their faith in the contemporary world. Relatively few feel there is an The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics-Oxford University Press 30 Oct 2012. From Yahoo News: Now that she has finished the hajj and is returning home to Egypt, Magda Bagnied says her family will no doubt try to Islam and Politics in Europe-University of Birmingham ISLAM Judaism Christianity What is the view of the relationship between religion and politics? by John Kaltner. Muslims believe religion is an essential aspect Essential Features of the Islamic Political System-Islam 101 Islam and Politics: Crash Course World History 216-YouTube The module begins with an introduction to Islamic doctrine and Sunni-Shi'a and. It will than examine the historical, social and political factors leading to the What is Political Islam Middle East Research and Information Project Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics-Oxford Handbooks Islam and politics. Course Code: 15PPOH006; Unit value: 0.5; Taught in: Term 1. The course examines the interaction between politics and the various Islam and politics openDemocracy 16 Dec 2014. Therefore, it could not acquire the political leverage that I showed al-Azhar had gained after the 1970s in my book Gardiens de l'Islam (1996). Islam and Politics, Fourth Edition (Contemporary Issues-Amazon.com The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics offers a geographically comprehensive, in-depth analysis of the interaction of Islam and politics in the post-9/11 era, .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48682114" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf83632a36b2dab92158fef20ad07233" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67168534,"asset_id":48682114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67168534/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="75320222" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMortimer">Edward Mortimer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="75320222" type="text/json">{"id":75320222,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Mortimer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdwardMortimer","display_name":"Edward Mortimer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMortimer?f_ri=79323","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48682114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48682114"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48682114, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48682114", }); 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Drawing on insights from comparative politics and Islamic Egyptians in hajj divided over Islam in politics-Yahoo News 14 Nov 2014-13 min-Uploaded by CrashCourseIn which John Green teaches you about how Islam has interacted with politics during it's. Islam and Politics: Politics Course: SOAS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN. RELIGION AND POLITICS. IN ISLAM. A speech delivered. by. Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad Khalifatul Masih IV. at the Inter?religious 12 Jun 2015. Islam and Politics in the Middle East. Explaining the Views of Ordinary Citizens. Mark Tessler. Series: Indiana Series in Middle East Studies. Shariah Relationship Between Religion and Politics in Islam One of the comments which writers on Islamic Political Philosophy often make is that it is irremediably conservative. Even the so-called modernizers have in Political Islam. The power of religion. For Islamists, government is proving harder than opposition. Jul 13th 2013 From the print edition. Timekeeper. Add this Political aspects of Islam-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference. Ottoman Rule in Yemen, 1849-1919. Go to Online Edition. Thomas Kuehn. Historians of the Middle East in the long Amazon.com: Islam and Politics (9780415782579): Peter 29 Jun 2014. Political Islam is an attractive concept for many Muslims and some expect it to resolve some of the economic, political and cultural problems ?Islamic politics-English-islamqa.info Islamic politics. 178080-Is it permissible for ordinary people to label as a kaafir one who reviles Islam, without referring to the scholars concerning that? Islam and Politics Shia Political Thought Books on Islam .-Al-Islam Islam is a cultural, religious and political system. Only the political system is of interest to kafirs (non-Muslims) since it determines how we are defined and treated Political Islam: The power of religion-The Economist Over the past three decades, scholars, government analysts and terrorism experts have examined the relationship between Islam and politics. But specialists The Basics of the Political System in Islam (part 1 of 2): Islam a Total. 23 Apr 2013. In the wake of Egypt's revolution, a sea change is undeniably under way: Islam is playing a different and more powerful role in Egyptian public Islam and Politics in the Middle East-Indiana University Press ?Islam and Politics, Fourth Edition (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East) [John Esposito] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. This work on Essential Features of the Islamic Political System by. Abul Ala Maududi. The political system of Islam is based on three principles: Tawhid (unity of Allah), Risalat Religion and Politics: Islamexplorefaith-ExploreFaith.org Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Qur'an, the Sunna (the sayings and living habits of Muhammad), Muslim history, and elements of political. Islam and Politics in the New Egypt-Carnegie Endowment for. Islam is a \"total way of life.\" It has provided guidance in every sphere of life, from individual cleanliness, rules of trade, to the structure and politics of the society. Empire, Islam, and Politics of Difference Brill Most Muslims are comfortable practicing their faith in the contemporary world. Relatively few feel there is an The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics-Oxford University Press 30 Oct 2012. From Yahoo News: Now that she has finished the hajj and is returning home to Egypt, Magda Bagnied says her family will no doubt try to Islam and Politics in Europe-University of Birmingham ISLAM Judaism Christianity What is the view of the relationship between religion and politics? by John Kaltner. Muslims believe religion is an essential aspect Essential Features of the Islamic Political System-Islam 101 Islam and Politics: Crash Course World History 216-YouTube The module begins with an introduction to Islamic doctrine and Sunni-Shi'a and. It will than examine the historical, social and political factors leading to the What is Political Islam Middle East Research and Information Project Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics-Oxford Handbooks Islam and politics. Course Code: 15PPOH006; Unit value: 0.5; Taught in: Term 1. The course examines the interaction between politics and the various Islam and politics openDemocracy 16 Dec 2014. Therefore, it could not acquire the political leverage that I showed al-Azhar had gained after the 1970s in my book Gardiens de l'Islam (1996). Islam and Politics, Fourth Edition (Contemporary Issues-Amazon.com The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics offers a geographically comprehensive, in-depth analysis of the interaction of Islam and politics in the post-9/11 era, .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67168534,"asset_id":48682114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":75320222,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Mortimer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdwardMortimer","display_name":"Edward Mortimer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMortimer?f_ri=79323","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=79323"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=79323"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=79323"},{"id":27673,"name":"Sharia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sharia?f_ri=79323"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=79323"},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323"},{"id":152100,"name":"Theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theories?f_ri=79323"},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=79323"},{"id":284014,"name":"Laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laws?f_ri=79323"},{"id":1747217,"name":"Teaching Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Political_Science?f_ri=79323"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72616392" data-work_id="72616392" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72616392/Freedom_isnt_Free_The_Price_of_World_Order">Freedom isn't Free: The Price of World Order</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Freedom Isn’t Free takes an analytical look at political, economic, social and moral trade-offs in a world in flux. Highly readable, the volume’s collected foreign affairs essays are wide-ranging and engaging—from manageable regional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72616392" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Freedom Isn’t Free takes an analytical look at political, economic, social and moral trade-offs in a world in flux. Highly readable, the volume’s collected foreign affairs essays are wide-ranging and engaging—from manageable regional issues to dramatic geopolitical tensions—presented not as distant complexities, but as relatable events.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72616392" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="440a7e3ca48d05a388e87a6956e0d3fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81474874,"asset_id":72616392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81474874/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6939897" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/MarkosKounalakis">Markos Kounalakis, Ph.D.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6939897" type="text/json">{"id":6939897,"first_name":"Markos","last_name":"Kounalakis, Ph.D.","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"MarkosKounalakis","display_name":"Markos Kounalakis, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/MarkosKounalakis?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6939897/2725336/19708961/s65_markos.kounalakis_ph.d..jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72616392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72616392"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72616392, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72616392", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72616392]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72616392").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72616392").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72616392"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="79323" type="text/json">{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72616392]'), work: {"id":72616392,"title":"Freedom isn't Free: The Price of World Order","created_at":"2022-02-28T10:53:47.538-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72616392/Freedom_isnt_Free_The_Price_of_World_Order?f_ri=79323","dom_id":"work_72616392","summary":"Freedom Isn’t Free takes an analytical look at political, economic, social and moral trade-offs in a world in flux. Highly readable, the volume’s collected foreign affairs essays are wide-ranging and engaging—from manageable regional issues to dramatic geopolitical tensions—presented not as distant complexities, but as relatable events.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81474874,"asset_id":72616392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6939897,"first_name":"Markos","last_name":"Kounalakis, Ph.D.","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"MarkosKounalakis","display_name":"Markos Kounalakis, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/MarkosKounalakis?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6939897/2725336/19708961/s65_markos.kounalakis_ph.d..jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=79323","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58409856" data-work_id="58409856" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58409856/Promised_Land_Crusader_State_The_Eight_Traditions_of_US_Diplomacy_and_Foreign_Policy">Promised Land, Crusader State: The Eight Traditions of US Diplomacy and Foreign Policy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Note: Plot Politics is now defunct. See second PDF file for the original article. McDougall outlines eight US traditions of diplomacy and foreign policy, which he identified in the process of reviewing previous conceptions of these and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58409856" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Note: Plot Politics is now defunct. See second PDF file for the original article. <br /> <br />McDougall outlines eight US traditions of diplomacy and foreign policy, which he identified in the process of reviewing previous conceptions of these and the primary source they drew from. Given my ongoing reflections on US grand strategy [for Plot Politics] and the fact that I am a sucker for attempts at comprehensive thematic frameworks, I thought I would outline and compare the traditions he identified. Thus, as a book summary, this article will take a modest amount of time to read but is certainly shorter than reading the book. While I do not fully agree with some of his characterizations of, or issues with some of these traditions, I do believe that the eight traditions are a valid way of conceptualizing the history of U.S. diplomacy and foreign policy. More importantly, they are invaluable for those attempting understand the many contradictions of U.S. rhetoric and policy. I also throw in my two cents at the end regarding the third century of US diplomacy and foreign policy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58409856" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c3765543666de27019194b8b84dddce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":117100856,"asset_id":58409856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117100856/download_file?st=MTczODY0MzEyNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99151987" href="https://iwp.academia.edu/GrantTurner">Grant W Turner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99151987" type="text/json">{"id":99151987,"first_name":"Grant","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"iwp","page_name":"GrantTurner","display_name":"Grant W Turner","profile_url":"https://iwp.academia.edu/GrantTurner?f_ri=79323","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99151987/45213803/35332945/s65_grant.turner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58409856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58409856"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58409856, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58409856", }); 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See second PDF file for the original article.\r\n\r\nMcDougall outlines eight US traditions of diplomacy and foreign policy, which he identified in the process of reviewing previous conceptions of these and the primary source they drew from. Given my ongoing reflections on US grand strategy [for Plot Politics] and the fact that I am a sucker for attempts at comprehensive thematic frameworks, I thought I would outline and compare the traditions he identified. Thus, as a book summary, this article will take a modest amount of time to read but is certainly shorter than reading the book. While I do not fully agree with some of his characterizations of, or issues with some of these traditions, I do believe that the eight traditions are a valid way of conceptualizing the history of U.S. diplomacy and foreign policy. More importantly, they are invaluable for those attempting understand the many contradictions of U.S. rhetoric and policy. 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