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href="#bodyContent">შინაარსზე გადასვლა</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="საიტი"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="მთავარი მენიუ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">მთავარი მენიუ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">მთავარი მენიუ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">გადატანა გვერდით ზოლზე</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">დამალვა</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ნავიგაცია </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="გახსენით მთავარი გვერდი [z]" accesskey="z"><span>მთავარი გვერდი</span></a></li><li id="n-თემატური-ძიება" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98"><span>თემატური ძიება</span></a></li><li id="n-რჩეული-სტატიები" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>რჩეული სტატიები</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97" title="შემთხვევითი გვერდის გახსნა. [x]" accesskey="x"><span>შემთხვევითი გვერდი</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>ახალი გვერდები</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> მონაწილეობა </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-ინფორმაცია" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>ინფორმაცია</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სად გავიგოთ."><span>დახმარება</span></a></li><li id="n-ფორუმი" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98"><span>ფორუმი</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვიკიპედიაში ბოლო ცვლილებების სია. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ბოლო ცვლილებები</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ვიკიპედია" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ka.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.5em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="თავისუფალი ენციკლოპედია" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ka.svg" width="130" height="14" style="width: 8.125em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a 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type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="იერსახე" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">იერსახე</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ka.wikipedia.org&uselang=ka" class=""><span>შემოწირულობები</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="ჩვენ გთავაზობთ, შექმნათ ანგარიში და შეხვიდეთ სისტემაში; თუმცა ეს არ არის აუცილებელი" class=""><span>ანგარიშის შექმნა</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="სასურველია დარეგისტრირდეთ, თუმცა აუცილებელი არ არის. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>შესვლა</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="მეტი შესაძლებლობა" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="პირადი ხელსაწყოები" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">პირადი ხელსაწყოები</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="მომხმარებლის მენიუ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ka.wikipedia.org&uselang=ka"><span>შემოწირულობები</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="ჩვენ გთავაზობთ, შექმნათ ანგარიში და შეხვიდეთ სისტემაში; თუმცა ეს არ არის აუცილებელი"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ანგარიშის შექმნა</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="სასურველია დარეგისტრირდეთ, თუმცა აუცილებელი არ არის. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>შესვლა</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> გვერდები სისტემიდან გამოსული რედაქტორებისათვის <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" aria-label="რედაქტირების შესახებ მეტის გაგება"><span>გაიგეთ მეტი</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="რედაქტირებების სია შესრულებული ამ IP მისამართიდან [y]" 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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="სარჩევი" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">სარჩევი</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">გადატანა გვერდით ზოლზე</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">დამალვა</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">შესავალი</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ლიტერატურა" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ლიტერატურა"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ლიტერატურა</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ლიტერატურა-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="სარჩევი" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="სარჩევის დამალვა/ჩვენება" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">სარჩევის დამალვა/ჩვენება</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="სხვაენოვან სტატიაზე გადასვლა. ხელმისაწვდომია 75 ენაზე" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 ენა</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit — შვეიცარიული გერმანული" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Scheinbare Helligkeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="შვეიცარიული გერმანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="قدر ظاهري — არაბული" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قدر ظاهري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="არაბული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%BA_aparente" title="Magnitú aparente — ასტურიული" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Magnitú aparente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ასტურიული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C9%99n_ulduz_%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Görünən ulduz ölçüsü — აზერბაიჯანული" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Görünən ulduz ölçüsü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="აზერბაიჯანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Бачная зорная велічыня — ბელარუსული" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бачная зорная велічыня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ბელარუსული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Видима звездна величина — ბულგარული" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Видима звездна величина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ბულგარული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আপাত মান — ბენგალური" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আপাত মান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ბენგალური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prividna_magnituda" title="Prividna magnituda — ბოსნიური" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prividna magnituda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ბოსნიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_aparent" title="Magnitud aparent — კატალანური" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Magnitud aparent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="კატალანური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C4%9Bzdn%C3%A1_velikost" title="Hvězdná velikost — ჩეხური" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hvězdná velikost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ჩეხური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit — გერმანული" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scheinbare Helligkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="გერმანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φαινόμενο μέγεθος — ბერძნული" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαινόμενο μέγεθος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ბერძნული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude — ინგლისური" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Apparent magnitude" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ინგლისური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cajna_magnitudo" title="Ŝajna magnitudo — ესპერანტო" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝajna magnitudo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ესპერანტო" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_aparente" title="Magnitud aparente — ესპანური" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Magnitud aparente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ესპანური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hesuurus" title="Tähesuurus — ესტონური" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tähesuurus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ესტონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itxurazko_magnitude" title="Itxurazko magnitude — ბასკური" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itxurazko magnitude" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ბასკური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="قدر ظاهری — სპარსული" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قدر ظاهری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="სპარსული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudi_(t%C3%A4htitiede)" title="Magnitudi (tähtitiede) — ფინური" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Magnitudi (tähtitiede)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ფინური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_apparente" title="Magnitude apparente — ფრანგული" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Magnitude apparente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ფრანგული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiinboor_magnituud" title="Skiinboor magnituud — ჩრდილოფრიზიული" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skiinboor magnituud" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ჩრდილოფრიზიული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" title="Magnitude aparente — გალისიური" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Magnitude aparente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="გალისიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בהירות נראית — ებრაული" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בהירות נראית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ებრაული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सापेक्ष कांतिमान — ჰინდი" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सापेक्ष कांतिमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ჰინდი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prividna_magnituda" title="Prividna magnituda — ხორვატული" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prividna magnituda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ხორვატული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayitid_aparan" title="Mayitid aparan — ჰაიტიური კრეოლი" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mayitid aparan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ჰაიტიური კრეოლი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%BAd%C3%B3" title="Magnitúdó — უნგრული" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magnitúdó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="უნგრული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տեսանելի աստղային մեծություն — სომხური" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեսանելի աստղային մեծություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="სომხური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_apparente" title="Magnitude apparente — ინტერლინგუალური" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Magnitude apparente" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ინტერლინგუალური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudo_semu" title="Magnitudo semu — ინდონეზიური" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Magnitudo semu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ინდონეზიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudine_apparente" title="Magnitudine apparente — იტალიური" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magnitudine apparente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="იტალიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%81%AE%E7%AD%89%E7%B4%9A" title="見かけの等級 — იაპონური" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="見かけの等級" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="იაპონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azal_amaskad" title="Azal amaskad — კაბილური" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azal amaskad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="კაბილური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" title="겉보기등급 — კორეული" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="겉보기등급" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="კორეული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qedra_zahir%C3%AE" title="Qedra zahirî — ქურთული" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qedra zahirî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ქურთული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudo_apparens" title="Magnitudo apparens — ლათინური" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magnitudo apparens" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ლათინური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visuell_Magnitude" title="Visuell Magnitude — ლუქსემბურგული" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Visuell Magnitude" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ლუქსემბურგული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regimasis_ry%C5%A1kis" title="Regimasis ryškis — ლიეტუვური" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Regimasis ryškis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ლიეტუვური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redzamais_spo%C5%BEums" title="Redzamais spožums — ლატვიური" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Redzamais spožums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ლატვიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Привидна ѕвездена величина — მაკედონური" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Привидна ѕвездена величина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="მაკედონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ദൃശ്യകാന്തിമാനം — მალაიალამური" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദൃശ്യകാന്തിമാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="მალაიალამური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="आभासी दृश्यप्रत — მარათჰი" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आभासी दृश्यप्रत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="მარათჰი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_ketara" title="Magnitud ketara — მალაიური" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Magnitud ketara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="მალაიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schijnbare_magnitude" title="Schijnbare magnitude — ნიდერლანდური" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schijnbare magnitude" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ნიდერლანდური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilsynelatande_storleiksklasse" title="Tilsynelatande storleiksklasse — ნორვეგიული ნიუნორსკი" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tilsynelatande storleiksklasse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ნორვეგიული ნიუნორსკი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilsynelatende_st%C3%B8rrelsesklasse" title="Tilsynelatende størrelsesklasse — ნორვეგიული ბუკმოლი" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tilsynelatende størrelsesklasse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ნორვეგიული ბუკმოლი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_aparenta" title="Magnitud aparenta — ოქსიტანური" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Magnitud aparenta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ოქსიტანური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamma_gonkaa" title="Hamma gonkaa — ორომო" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hamma gonkaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ორომო" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਾਪੇਖ ਕਾਂਤੀਮਾਨ — პენჯაბური" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਪੇਖ ਕਾਂਤੀਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="პენჯაბური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obserwowana_wielko%C5%9B%C4%87_gwiazdowa" title="Obserwowana wielkość gwiazdowa — პოლონური" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obserwowana wielkość gwiazdowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="პოლონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" title="Magnitude aparente — პორტუგალიური" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Magnitude aparente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="პორტუგალიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudine_aparent%C4%83" title="Magnitudine aparentă — რუმინული" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Magnitudine aparentă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="რუმინული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Видимая звёздная величина — რუსული" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Видимая звёздная величина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="რუსული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%B9dini_apparenti" title="Magnitùdini apparenti — სიცილიური" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Magnitùdini apparenti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="სიცილიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prividna_magnituda" title="Prividna magnituda — სერბულ-ხორვატული" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prividna magnituda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="სერბულ-ხორვატული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="දෘශ්‍ය විශාලත්වය — სინჰალური" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෘශ්‍ය විශාලත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="სინჰალური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Magnitude (astronomy)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdanliv%C3%A1_hviezdna_ve%C4%BEkos%C5%A5" title="Zdanlivá hviezdna veľkosť — სლოვაკური" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zdanlivá hviezdna veľkosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="სლოვაკური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navidezni_sij" title="Navidezni sij — სლოვენური" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navidezni sij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="სლოვენური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Привидна звездана величина — სერბული" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Привидна звездана величина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="სერბული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skenbar_magnitud" title="Skenbar magnitud — შვედური" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skenbar magnitud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="შვედური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwangaza_unaoonekana" title="Mwangaza unaoonekana — სუაჰილი" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwangaza unaoonekana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="სუაჰილი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="தோற்ற ஒளிப்பொலிவெண் — ტამილური" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோற்ற ஒளிப்பொலிவெண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ტამილური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8F" title="โชติมาตรปรากฏ — ტაილანდური" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โชติมาตรปรากฏ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ტაილანდური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliwanag_na_kalakhan" title="Maliwanag na kalakhan — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Maliwanag na kalakhan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadir_(astronomi)" title="Kadir (astronomi) — თურქული" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kadir (astronomi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="თურქული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Йолдызча зурлык — თათრული" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йолдызча зурлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="თათრული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Видима зоряна величина — უკრაინული" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Видима зоряна величина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="უკრაინული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CA%BBrinma_yulduz_kattaligi" title="Koʻrinma yulduz kattaligi — უზბეკური" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koʻrinma yulduz kattaligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="უზბეკური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5p_sao_bi%E1%BB%83u_ki%E1%BA%BFn" title="Cấp sao biểu kiến — ვიეტნამური" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cấp sao biểu kiến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ვიეტნამური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude" title="Magnitude — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Magnitude" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_aparente" title="Magnitud aparente — ვარაი" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Magnitud aparente" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ვარაი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="视星等 — ვუ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="视星等" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ვუ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="视星等 — ჩინური" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="视星等" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ჩინური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="視星等 — კანტონური" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="視星等" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="კანტონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124313#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ენათშორისი ბმულების რედაქტირება" class="wbc-editpage">ბმულების რედაქტირება</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg/330px-65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg/440px-65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2203" data-file-height="1784" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ასტეროიდი">ასტეროიდი</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=65_%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="65 კიბელა (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">65 კიბელა</a> და 2 ვარსკვლავი თავისი ვარსკვლავური სიდიდის მაჩვენებლბით</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე</b> — <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ციური სხეული">ციური სხეულის</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ვარსკვლავი">ვარსკვლავის</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="პლანეტა">პლანეტის</a> და ა. შ.) მიერ <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90" title="დედამიწა">დედამიწაზე</a>, მხედველობის სხივის მართობულ სიბრტყეში შექმნილი განათებულობის ზომა. ახასიათებს მნათობის ბრწყინვალება. ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდის განსაზღვრისას გათვალისწინებულია მნათობის სხივთა შესუსტება დედამიწის ატმოსფეროს განჭოლვისას. გამოისახება, როგორც რიცხვი, „m“ ხარისხში (მაგალითად: 5<sup>m</sup>; <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ენა">ლათ.</a> <span lang="">magnituda</span> — „სიდიდე“). </p><p>პირველად შემოიღო <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94" title="ჰიპარქე">ჰიპარქემ</a> (ძვ. წ. II ს.), რომელმაც შეუიარაღებელი თვალით ხილვადი ყველა ვარსკვლავი 6 კლასად დაყო. ყველაზე ბრწყინვალე ვარსკვლავებს მიაწერა 1-ლი სიდიდე, ხოლო ყველაზე მკრთალებს — მე-6. m ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე დაკავშირებულია შესაბამის E განათებულობასთან: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=k\lg {E+C_{0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mi>lg</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=k\lg {E+C_{0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77fcd4fe0567361f5eefae94f2dafddee6f31d83" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.266ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=k\lg {E+C_{0}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>სადაც <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23da38e31194b9ae0524ec18c8489693f3be5389" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.716ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{0}}"></span> ვარსკვლავიერ სიდიდეთა სკალის ნულპუნქტია. იგი განისაზღვრება ე. წ. სტანდარტულ ვარსკვლავებზე ჩატარებული დაკვირვებებით k კოეფიციენტის მნიშვნელობად ინგლისელ ასტრონომის ნ. პოგსონის წინადადებით მიღებულია — 2.5. ვარსკვლავიერ სიდიდეთა განსხვავებას 5 ერთეულით შეესაბამება განათებულობათა განსხვავება 100-ჯერ. გაზომვის მეთოდიკის მიხედვით ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე შეიძლება იყოს ვიზუალური (რომელსაც ვიზუალური ფოტომეტრის მეშვეობით თვალით განსაზღვრავენ), ფოტოგრაფიული (ადგენენ ფოტოფირფიტაზე მნათობის გამონასახის მიხედვით), ფოტოელექტრული (საზღვრავენ ფოტოელექტრული ფოტომეტრით) და რადიომეტრული (განსაზღვრავენ ბოლომეტრით). ეს სხვადასხვაობა შეესაბამება მნათობის ბრწყინვალების გაზომვას სპექტრის სხვადასხვა დიაპაზონში. ვიზუალურთან ახლოსაა ე. წ. ფოტოვიზუალური ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე; ვარსკვლავიერ სიდიდეს საზღვრავენ სტანდარტებად შერჩეული ვარსკვლავების ბრწყინვალებასთან მოცემული ვარსკვლავის ბრწყინვალების შედარების საფუძველზე. სტანდარტებად შერჩეულია ვარსკვლავთა ჯგუფები ცის სხვადასხვა უბანში და მათი ბრწყინვალება საგანგებოდაა განსაზღვრული. ფართოდ იყენებენ სტანდარტების ე. წ. UBV სისტემას, რომელშიც ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდეები მოცემულია სპექტრის ულტრაიისფერ U (3500Å), ლურჯ B (4350Å) და ყვითელ V (5550Å) უბნებში. სხვადასხვა სისტემაში განსაზღვრულ ვარსკვლავიერ სიდიდეთა სხვაობები სპექტრში ენერგიის განაწილებას გვიჩვენებს და ფერის მაჩვენებლებს განსაზღვრავს. </p><p>ისეთ ვარსკვლავიერ სიდიდეს, რომელიც ექნებოდა მნათობს 10 პს მანძილზე, ეწოდება აბსოლუტური ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე; ხილული ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდისაგან განსხვავებით, რომელიც ვარსკვლავის მანძილზეა დამოკიდებული, M აბსოლუტური ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე ცალსახად განსაზღვრავს მნათობის გამოსხივების სიდიდეს ანუ მის ნათობას. დაკავშირებულია m ხილულ ვარსკვლავიერ სიდიდესთან თანაფარდობით: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M=m+5-5\lg {r}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mi>lg</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M=m+5-5\lg {r}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b8f378110e772a87db1465c9dbd3dec4bdb21a0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.219ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M=m+5-5\lg {r}}"></span>, სადაც r არის პს-ობით გამოხატული მანძილი მნათობამდე. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ლიტერატურა"><span id=".E1.83.9A.E1.83.98.E1.83.A2.E1.83.94.E1.83.A0.E1.83.90.E1.83.A2.E1.83.A3.E1.83.A0.E1.83.90"></span>ლიტერატურა</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94&veaction=edit&section=1" title="სექციის რედაქტირება:ლიტერატურა" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>რედაქტირება</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: ლიტერატურა"><span>წყაროს რედაქტირება</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFქსე1979"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია">ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია</a>, ტ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgianencyclopedia.ge/pdf/4.pdf">4</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3722932">.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}</style><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="საგამომცემლო-პოლიგრაფიული გაერთიანება „განათლების“ კომბინატი">თბ.</span>, 1979. — გვ. 310—311.</cite></li> <li><i>ხარაძე ე.</i>, ზოგადი ასტროფიზიკის კურსი, თბ., 1960</li></ul></div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ReferenceTooltips\" was not loaded. 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