From the archive: Boris Pasternak, a man alone | From the Guardian

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Photograph: Jerry Cooke/Corbis </span> </span> <p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1958/pasternak-bio.html" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a> has been offered the chance to leave the Soviet Union and has refused it. This is a fine decision, worthy of the man and of the high drama in which he is playing the leading part.</p><p>If he was the person his enemies say – a renegade, a "reactionary, hungry for all the delights of the capitalist paradise" – he could wish no better than for an open gate; on what his books would bring him he could live comfortably and securely in any Western country. He does not scorn their [western writers'] good opinion; the Nobel award gave him "a lonely joy", even though he has been induced now to reject it.</p><p>Yet he refuses to go. He is a Russian.As he says in his letter to Mr Khrushchev: "I am linked to <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/russia">Russia</a> by my birth, my life, and my work ... To leave my country would be for me the equivalent of death."</p><p>Living still in Russia, he keeps the light of his vision alive there. As he says in his letter, in words proud but not arrogant, "I have done something for Soviet literature, and I can still be useful to it." Those are not words of grovelling recantation.</p><p>It is, of course, characteristic of Communist intolerance that it should regard the award of a Nobel prize as insulting. And the Writers' Union has acted as if it was no better than a branch of the thought‑police.</p><p>What has shocked them? Mainly, perhaps, Pasternak's treatment of the early years of the Revolution. Those have always been held as sacred, selfless, and heroic. Now Pasternak has shown the heroes of the revolutionary days as human beings, less than immaculate. In a harsher time Pasternak might have found himself banished to Siberia.</p><p>That he should be offered freedom to go into exile (a chance which millions now behind the Iron Curtain would seize with both hands) is something new. So is the publication by Tass of Pasternak's letter to Khrushchev. It is always rash, with Communists, to believe that there is a touch of spring in the air.</p><p>Yet Pasternak himself has looked beyond the present tyrannies. "I have a feeling," he wrote in a letter some time ago, "that a completely new era is beginning, with new tasks and new demands on the heart and on human dignity, a silent age which will never be proclaimed and allowed voice but will grow more real every day without our noticing it ...</p><p>"That is why 'Dr Zhivago' is the most important piece of work I have been able to do so far in the whole of my life."</p> </div> </div> <div id="related"> <ul id="article-toolbox-side"> <li class="printable"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2009/nov/03/archive-pasternak-russia-nobel-literature/print" rel="nofollow" id="printlink" class="printable rollover" title="Link to a printer-friendly version" name="&lid={pageToolbox}{Printer-friendly version}&lpos={pageToolbox}{1}"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927im_/http://static.guim.co.uk/static/82065/common/images/icon_print.gif" alt="Print this" class="trail-icon"/><span>Printable 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It was published on <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian" name="&lid={historyByline}{The Guardian}&lpos={historyByline}{3}">guardian.co.uk</a> at 00.05 GMT on Tuesday 3 November 2009. It was last modified at 16.13 GMT on Wednesday 4 November 2009. </div> </div> </div> <div id="advertiser-container"> <script type="text/javascript"> google_ad_client = 'ca-guardian_js'; google_ad_channel = 'FromtheGuardian'; </script> <script> google_max_num_ads = '3'; </script> <div id="google-ads-container" class="news component capsule advertiser-links" style="display: none;"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (true) { generateScriptTag("http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"); } // ]]> </script> </div> </div> <div id="promo">  <div id="rightslot1" class="hide-on-popup"> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if(true) { var src = 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class="tabs-container"> <p>Last 24 hours</p> <ol> <li class="first"> <span class="rank">1.</span> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/cartoon/2009/nov/11/steve-bell-cartoon-berlin-wall">Berlin Wall: Germany marks 20-year anniversary</a> </li> <li> <span class="rank">2.</span> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2009/nov/11/notes-and-queries-20th-birthday">Notes & Queries celebrates its 20th birthday</a> </li> <li> <span class="rank">3.</span> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/cartoon/2009/nov/12/steve-bell-david-cameron-society">I'll need volunteers to make big society work, says David Cameron</a> </li> <li> <span class="rank">4.</span> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/cartoon/2009/nov/10/steve-bell-gordon-brown-sun">Gordon Brown accused of disrespect over misspelled name 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class="inactive">USA</a> </li> </ul> <div class="pane-wrapper"> <div id="global-jobs-1" class="global-jobs-pane tab-toggle-pane"> <h3 class="js-hider">UK</h3> <div class="capsule jobsbox"> <form action="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/searchjobs/" onsubmit="return doSearchAllSubmitUK( this );"> <fieldset> <input type="text" class="text plain-search" id="freetext-searchalljobs" name="freetext" value="Search all jobs" onfocus="this.value='';"/> <input type="hidden" name="keyword" id="keyword-searchalljobs" value=""/> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="go" value="Go"/> <input type="hidden" name="gusrc" value="gu_jobs_box_From the Guardian"/> <input type="hidden" name="link" value="From the Guardian_jbx_go"/> </fieldset> </form> <p class="find-a-job"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/?gusrc=gu_jobs_box_From the Guardian&link=From the Guardian_jbx_brsesec" name="&lid={jobsBox}{Browse all jobs}&lpos={jobsBox}{1}">Browse all jobs</a> </p> <ul class="jobs"> <li class="odd"><h4> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/job/925165/exhibition-sales-executive-fashion-event?RSSSearch=0&gusrc=gu_jobs_box_From the Guardian&link=From the Guardian_jbx_vac" name="&lid={jobsBox}{Exhibition Sales Executive - Fashion Event|From the Guardian}&lpos={jobsBox}{2}">Exhibition Sales Executive - Fashion Event</a></h4> <p><span class="employer">dragonfly.</span></p> <p><span class="location">london.</span></p> <p><span class="wage">£20000 - £22000 per annum + Bonus.</span></p> </li> <li><h4> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/job/931967/supporter-data-manager?RSSSearch=0&gusrc=gu_jobs_box_From the Guardian&link=From the Guardian_jbx_vac" name="&lid={jobsBox}{Supporter Data Manager|From the Guardian}&lpos={jobsBox}{3}">Supporter Data Manager</a></h4> <p><span class="employer">friends of the earth.</span></p> <p><span class="location">london.</span></p> <p><span class="wage">Starting salary up to £38,150.</span></p> </li> <li class="odd"><h4> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/job/926221/deputy-manager-west-sussex?RSSSearch=0&gusrc=gu_jobs_box_From the Guardian&link=From the Guardian_jbx_vac" name="&lid={jobsBox}{Deputy Manager, West Sussex|From the Guardian}&lpos={jobsBox}{4}">Deputy Manager, West Sussex</a></h4> <p><span class="employer">nicholas james care homes ltd.</span></p> <p><span class="location">kent and sussex.</span></p> <p><span class="wage">negotiable depending on experience.</span></p> </li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function doSearchAllSubmitUK( form ) { var jobsSectionToSearch = ''; var freeText = ''; var searchTextField = document.getElementById( 'freetext-searchalljobs' ); var keywordElem = document.getElementById( 'keyword-searchalljobs' ); var isSectionSearch = function() { return jobsSectionToSearch != 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id="freetext-searchalljobs" name="q" value="Search all jobs" onfocus="this.value='';"/> <input type="hidden" name="keyword" id="keyword-searchalljobs" value=""/> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="go" value="Go"/> <input type="hidden" name="gusrc" value="gu_jobs_box_From the Guardian"/> <input type="hidden" name="link" value="From the Guardian_jbx_go"/> </fieldset> </form> <p class="find-a-job"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://jobs.guardian.co.uk/?gusrc=gu_jobs_box_From the Guardian&link=From the Guardian_jbx_brsesec" name="&lid={jobsBox}{Browse all jobs}&lpos={jobsBox}{1}">Browse all jobs</a> </p> <textarea id="jobs-box-usa-textarea" style="display:none;"> {for result in results} <li> <h4> <a href="${result.url}">${result.jobtitle}</a> </h4> <p> <span class="description">${ result.snippet }</span> <span class="location">${ result.state }</span> </p> </li> {/for} </textarea> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (true) { var userip = '174.129.121.101'; var country = 'usa'; var isUSA = (country.toLowerCase() == 'usa') ? true : false; var jobsBoxView = new guardian.r2.JobsBoxView('jobs-box-usa', 'jobs-box-usa-textarea'); var jobsBoxService = new guardian.r2.JobsBoxService('', userip); /* category, location */ var jobsBoxController = new guardian.r2.JobsBoxController(jobsBoxView, jobsBoxService, isUSA); //view, service, locationIsUSA } //]]> </script> <ul id="jobs-box-usa" class="jobs"> <li class="javascript-on">Loading jobs...</li> </ul> <p class="attribution javascript-on"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.indeed.com/">jobs</a> by <a title="Job Search" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.indeed.com/"><img alt="Indeed job search" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927im_/http://static.guim.co.uk/static/82065/common/images/icon_usjobs.gif" width="54" height="19"/></a></p> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function doSearchAllSubmitUSA( form ) { var jobsSectionToSearch = ''; var freeText = ''; var searchTextField = document.getElementById( 'freetext-searchalljobs' ); var keywordElem = document.getElementById( 'keyword-searchalljobs' ); var isSectionSearch = function() { return jobsSectionToSearch != ''; } var textIsModified = function() { if( isSectionSearch() ) { return ( searchTextField.value != 'Search all ' + freeText + ' jobs' ); } return ( searchTextField.value != 'Search all jobs' ); } if( !textIsModified() ) { keywordElem.value = ''; if( isSectionSearch() ) { form.action = 'http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardianjobs.com'; return true; } form.action = 'http://web.archive.org/web/20091112164927/http://www.guardianjobs.com'; return true; } keywordElem.value = searchTextField.value; if (true) { _hbLink( '{jobsbox-searchalljobs}', '{jobsbox-searchalljobs}{1}' ); } return true; } //]]> </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="intrusive"> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if(true) { 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