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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreaUtenza&returnto=Matem%C3%A0tica" title="I-j consejoma ëd creé un cont e ëd rintré ant ël sistema; però a l'é nen obligatòri" class=""><span>Creé un cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Entra&returnto=Matem%C3%A0tica" title="Un a l'é nen obligà a rintré ant al sistema, ma se a lo fa a l'é mej [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Rintré ant ël sistema</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utiss përsonaj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contnù" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contnù</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">stërmé</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Prinsipi</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lòn_ch'a_l'é" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lòn_ch'a_l'é"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lòn ch'a l'é</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lòn_ch'a_l'é-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anterassion_con_j'àutre_dissiplin-e" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anterassion_con_j'àutre_dissiplin-e"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anterassion con j'àutre dissiplin-e</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anterassion_con_j'àutre_dissiplin-e-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Stòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Stòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Le_prime_sivilisassion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_prime_sivilisassion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Le prime sivilisassion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_prime_sivilisassion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Cin-a" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Cin-a"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>La Cin-a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Cin-a-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ij_Grech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ij_Grech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ij Grech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ij_Grech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ël_problema_dl'infinì" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_problema_dl'infinì"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Ël problema dl'infinì</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_problema_dl'infinì-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_pensé_platònich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_pensé_platònich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Ël pensé platònich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_pensé_platònich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_métod_dedutiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_métod_dedutiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Ël métod dedutiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_métod_dedutiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_declin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_declin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Ël declin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_declin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ij_Roman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ij_Roman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ij Roman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ij_Roman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>L'India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'Età_ëd_mes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'Età_ëd_mes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>L'Età ëd mes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'Età_ëd_mes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fibonacci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fibonacci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Fibonacci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fibonacci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ij_mèistr_ëd_la_prospetiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ij_mèistr_ëd_la_prospetiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Ij mèistr ëd la prospetiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ij_mèistr_ëd_la_prospetiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_matemàtica_moderna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_matemàtica_moderna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>La matemàtica moderna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_matemàtica_moderna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L'àlgebra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'àlgebra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>L'àlgebra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'àlgebra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_dësvlup_dla_matemàtica_dal_sécol_ch'a_fa_XVII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_dësvlup_dla_matemàtica_dal_sécol_ch'a_fa_XVII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2</span> <span>Ël dësvlup dla matemàtica dal sécol ch'a fa XVII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_dësvlup_dla_matemàtica_dal_sécol_ch'a_fa_XVII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_probabilità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_probabilità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.3</span> <span>La probabilità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_probabilità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_lògica_matemàtica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_lògica_matemàtica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.4</span> <span>La lògica matemàtica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_lògica_matemàtica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formalism_e_logicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formalism_e_logicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.4.1</span> <span>Formalism e logicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formalism_e_logicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ël_paradis_ëd_Cantor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ël_paradis_ëd_Cantor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.4.2</span> <span>Ël paradis ëd Cantor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ël_paradis_ëd_Cantor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utiss_matemàtich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utiss_matemàtich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utiss matemàtich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utiss_matemàtich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contnù" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Matemàtica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 255 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-255" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">255 lenghe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wiskunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematik" title="Mathematik - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B5%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B0_%E1%88%82%E1%88%B3%E1%89%A5" title="ትምህርተ ሂሳብ - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ትምህርተ ሂሳብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Matematicas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%ABmcr%C3%A6ft" title="Rīmcræft - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rīmcræft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="गणित - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गणित" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="رياضيات - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رياضيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="لماط - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لماط" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="رياضيات - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رياضيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="গণিত - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গণিত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tiques" title="Matemátiques - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Matemátiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solokseropa" title="Solokseropa - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Solokseropa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="गणित - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गणित" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakhu" title="Jakhu - aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jakhu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyaziyyat" title="Riyaziyyat - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riyaziyyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ریاضیات - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریاضیات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematik" title="Mathematik - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matemat%C4%97ka" title="Matematėka - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Matematėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матэматыка - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матэматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матэматыка - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Матэматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="गणित - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गणित" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematikis" title="Matematikis - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Matematikis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matamatika" title="Matamatika - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Matamatika" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="သင်္ချာ - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သင်္ချာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiki" title="Matematiki - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Matematiki" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="গণিত - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গণিত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="རྩིས་རིག - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩིས་རིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="গণিত - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গণিত" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" title="ᨆᨈᨛᨆᨈᨗᨀ - bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨆᨈᨛᨆᨈᨗᨀ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тоогой ухаан - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Тоогой ухаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tiques" title="Matemàtiques - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Matemàtiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3-h%C5%8Fk" title="Só-hŏk - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Só-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isip" title="Isip - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Isip" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ماتماتیک - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماتماتیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyaziyat" title="Riyaziyat - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Riyaziyat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Маѳиматїка - slavo ecclesiastico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Маѳиматїка" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavo ecclesiastico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathemateg" title="Mathemateg - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mathemateg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="voce consigliata"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laasabu_malibu" title="Laasabu malibu - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Laasabu malibu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematik" title="Mathematik - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aku%C3%ABnk%C3%A4%C5%8B" title="Akuënkäŋ - dinca" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akuënkäŋ" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - basso sorabo" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="basso sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - dusun centrale" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%9F%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%AA" title="ރިޔާޟިއްޔާތު - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރިޔާޟިއްޔާތު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Μαθηματικά - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαθηματικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A2tica" title="Matemâtica - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Matemâtica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mathematics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiko" title="Matematiko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Matematiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas" title="Matemáticas - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matemáticas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matemaatika" title="Matemaatika - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Matemaatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas" title="Matemáticas - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Matemáticas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ریاضیات - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریاضیات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiikka" title="Matematiikka - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Matematiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%B5maatiga" title="Matõmaatiga - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Matõmaatiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fika" title="Fika - figiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Fika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B8ddfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Støddfrøði - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Støddfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Mathématiques - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mathématiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A8matiques" title="Matèmatiques - francoprovenzale" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Matèmatiques" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovenzale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiik" title="Matematiik - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Matematiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiche" title="Matematiche - friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Matematiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wiskunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matamaitic" title="Matamaitic - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Matamaitic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="數學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9matik" title="Matématik - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Matématik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matamataig" title="Matamataig - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Matamataig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas" title="Matemáticas - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Matemáticas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papapykuaa" title="Papapykuaa - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Papapykuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಣಿತ್ - Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ಗಣಿತ್" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4" title="ગણિત - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગણિત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddaght" title="Maddaght - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Maddaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissafi" title="Lissafi - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lissafi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Su-ho̍k - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Su-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemakika" title="Makemakika - hawaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makemakika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מתמטיקה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתמטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="गणित - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गणित" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mathematics" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Մաթեմատիկա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաթեմատիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematica" title="Mathematica - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mathematica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cm%C3%BAm%C3%BA-%C3%B3n%C3%BA%E1%BB%8Dg%E1%BB%A5g%E1%BB%A5" title="Ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọmúmú-ónúọgụgụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiko" title="Matematiko - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Matematiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A6r%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stærðfræði - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stærðfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="数学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matimatix" title="Matimatix - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Matimatix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cmaci" title="cmaci - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cmaci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9matika" title="Matématika - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Matématika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="მათემატიკა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მათემატიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusnakt" title="Tusnakt - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tusnakt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematikki" title="Matematikki - groenlandese" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Matematikki" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="groenlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="គណិតវិទ្យា - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គណិតវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4" title="ಗಣಿತ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣಿತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics - Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Mathematics" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%ED%95%99" title="수학 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A0%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="گرٛؠندُت - kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گرٛؠندُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matemat%C3%AEk" title="Matematîk - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Matematîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awgrym" title="Awgrym - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Awgrym" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematica" title="Mathematica - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mathematica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tika" title="Matemátika - giudeo-spagnolo" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Matemátika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="giudeo-spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematik" title="Mathematik - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekibalangulo" title="Ekibalangulo - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekibalangulo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematiek" title="Mathematiek - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mathematiek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - ladino" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematega" title="Matematega - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Matematega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຄະນິດສາດ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄະນິດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C4%81tika" title="Matemātika - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Matemātika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="गणित - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गणित" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Математике - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Математике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ഗണിതം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗണിതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Математик - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Математик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟ - manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%81%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="သၚ်္ချာ - Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သၚ်္ချာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="गणित - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गणित" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tica" title="Matemática - mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Matemática" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="သင်္ချာ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သင်္ချာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85" title="رقم - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رقم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C5%8Dhualmatiliztli" title="Tlapōhualmatiliztli - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapōhualmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematik" title="Mathematik - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde - basso tedesco olandese" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wiskunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="गणित - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गणित" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ल्याःज्या - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्याःज्या" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wiskunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematikk" title="Matematikk - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Matematikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematikk" title="Matematikk - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Matematikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematike" title="Matematike - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Matematike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caltchul" title="Caltchul - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Caltchul" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%82hii%CA%BCn%C3%ADn%C3%A1%CA%BCiidz%C3%B3%C3%B3h" title="Ałhiiʼnínáʼiidzóóh - navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ałhiiʼnínáʼiidzóóh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Matematicas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiekku" title="Matematiekku - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Matematiekku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrega" title="Herrega - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Herrega" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4" title="ଗଣିତ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗଣିତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Математикæ - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Математикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4" title="ਗਣਿਤ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਣਿਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematiks" title="Matematiks - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Matematiks" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematica" title="Matematica - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Matematica" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tika" title="Matemátika - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Matemátika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9matikes" title="Matématikes - piccardo" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Matématikes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="piccardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82" title="गणितं - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="गणितं" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maethamatiks" title="Maethamatiks - Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Maethamatiks" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematyka" title="Matematyka - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Matematyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="ریاضی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریاضی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="شمېرپوهنه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمېرپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tica" title="Matemática - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Matemática" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupay_yachay" title="Yupay yachay - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yupay yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematic%C4%83" title="Matematică - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Matematică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematic%C3%A2" title="Mathematicâ - arumeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Mathematicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математіка - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Математіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="गणितम् - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गणितम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tica" title="Matemàtica - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Matemàtica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matim%C3%A0tica" title="Matimàtica - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Matimàtica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mathematics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="رياضي - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رياضي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusnakt" title="Tusnakt - tashelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tusnakt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="ගණිතය - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගණිතය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mathematics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="ریاضی - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ریاضی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - samoano" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masvomhu" title="Masvomhu - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Masvomhu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiromaal" title="Tiromaal - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tiromaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_fu_Teri" title="Sabi fu Teri - sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sabi fu Teri" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekubala" title="Tekubala - swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Tekubala" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematik" title="Mathematik - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mathematik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisabati" title="Hisabati - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hisabati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matymatyka" title="Matymatyka - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Matymatyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கணிதம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கணிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4" title="ಗಣಿತ - tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಗಣಿತ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%AD%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%B3" title="ᥙᥣᥭᥰ ᥘᥙᥳ - Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥙᥣᥭᥰ ᥘᥙᥳ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="గణితం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గణితం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tika" title="Matemátika - tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Matemátika" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%91%D1%82" title="Риёзиёт - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Риёзиёт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="คณิตศาสตร์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คณิตศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - turcomanno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijozijot" title="Rijozijot - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rijozijot" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipalo" title="Dipalo - tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Dipalo" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_matematik" title="Ol matematik - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ol matematik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyondzo-Tinhlayo" title="Dyondzo-Tinhlayo - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Dyondzo-Tinhlayo" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="ریاضی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاضی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tega" title="Matemàtega - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Matemàtega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Matematik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A1n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Toán học - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Toán học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Wiskunde" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matemat" title="Matemat - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Matemat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematike" title="Matematike - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Matematike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Matematika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xayma" title="Xayma - wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xayma" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="数学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика - kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Математика" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Mathematics" title="I-Mathematics - xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Mathematics" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="მათემატიკა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მათემატიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מאטעמאטיק - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאטעמאטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathim%C3%A1t%C3%ADk%C3%AC" title="Mathimátíkì - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mathimátíkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soqyoz" title="Soqyoz - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Soqyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Wiskunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ - tamazight del Marocco standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight del Marocco standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="数学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="數學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2%CD%98-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Sò͘-ha̍k - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sò͘-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="數學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazazibalo" title="Umchazazibalo - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazazibalo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q395#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifiché le liure antërlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modifiché j'anliure</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spassi nominaj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tica" title="Vardé la pàgina ëd contnù. [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artìcol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussion:Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion ansima a sta pàgina ëd contnù. (pàgina ch'a esist pa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Piemontèis</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vìsite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tica"><span>Lese</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit" title="Modifiché costa pàgina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifiché</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit" title="Modifiché ël còdes sorgiss ëd sa pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifiché la sorgiss</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=history" title="Veje version dla pàgina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Smon-e la stòria</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="utiss" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">utiss</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utiss</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">stërmé</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Assion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tica"><span>Lese</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit" title="Modifiché costa pàgina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifiché</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit" title="Modifiché ël còdes sorgiss ëd sa pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifiché la sorgiss</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=history"><span>Smon-e la stòria</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:PuntanoQui/Matem%C3%A0tica" title="Lista ëd tute le pàgine dla wiki che a men-o ambelessì. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pàgine con dj'anliure che a men-o a costa-sì</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:ModificheCorrelate/Matem%C3%A0tica" rel="nofollow" title="Ùltime modìfiche dle pàgine andoa as peul andesse da costa. [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modìfiche colegà</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=pms" title="Carié n'archivi ëd figure ò son. 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border:solid blue 1px; margin: 1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="border:solid red 1px; margin: 1px; width: 448px; background: lightblue;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="width: 45px; height: 28px; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Figura:Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/78px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/117px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cb/Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png/156px-Drap%C3%B2_piemont%C3%A8is.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></td> <td style="font-size: 11pt; padding: 2pt 0pt 0pt 4pt; line-height: 1em; color: black;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vos</a> an <a href="/wiki/Lenga_piemont%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga piemontèisa">lenga piemontèisa</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 1pt 0pt 0pt 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: black;">Për amprende a dovré 'l sistema dle parlà locaj <a href="/wiki/Agiut:Parl%C3%A0_locaj" title="Agiut:Parlà locaj">ch'a varda sì</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <table style="float:left; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p>La <b>matemàtica</b> a l'é na <a href="/wiki/Siensa" title="Siensa">siensa</a>, nen empìrica ma rassional. A l'é un-a dj'atività colturaj fondamentaj e un patrimòni dla siviltà <a href="/wiki/%C3%92m" title="Òm">uman-a</a> e n'utiss për la conossensa dla realtà. Soa caraterìstica fondamental a l'é ël concet ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimostrassion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimostrassion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">dimostrassion</a>, ch'a consist ant ël derivé dle conclusion rigorose an partend da n'<a href="/wiki/Ansem" title="Ansem">ansem</a> d'assunsion e an dovrand dle régole lògiche. Ël but a l'é col ëd dimostré ëd <a href="/wiki/Teorema" title="Teorema">teorema</a> ch'a fortisso dle propietà dë schema e ëd forme. Element fondamentaj ëd la matemàtica a son la lògica e l'antuission; l'anàlisi e la costrussion; la generalità e ël detaj: a l'é la creatività ch'a s-ciòd da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ACntesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sìntesi (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">sìntesi</a> ëd costi concet opòst ch'a na cissa ël dësvlup. A-i é 'dcò chi a l'ha armarcà che l'element predominant ant la creatività matemàtica a l'é l'arserca estética. </p><p>Ant ël cors dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B2ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stòria (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">stòria</a> la matemàtica a l'ha fàit na caterva ëd progress e a l'é soèns dësvlupasse an diression nen ëspetà, ma a l'ha sempe mantnù un caràter unitari. A l'é tutun possìbil arconòss-ne vàire setor, dont ij termo a son nen precis e che a l'han ëd fòrte anterassion an tra 'd lor. Al di d'ancheuj le branche prinsipaj dla matemàtica a son la <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B2gica_matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lògica matemàtica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">lògica matemàtica</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80lgebra" title="Àlgebra">àlgebra</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa" title="Geometrìa">geometrìa</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/An%C3%A0lisi_matem%C3%A0tica" title="Anàlisi matemàtica">anàlisi</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Probabilit%C3%A0" title="Probabilità">probabilità</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ACsica_matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fìsica matemàtica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">fìsica matemàtica</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lòn_ch'a_l'é"><span id="L.C3.B2n_ch.27a_l.27.C3.A9"></span>Lòn ch'a l'é</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Lòn ch'a l'é" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lòn ch'a l'é"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A l'é malfé dé dla matemàtica na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Definission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Definission (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">definission</a> precisa. Conforma a na veja definission, a sarìa lë studi dij <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B9mer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nùmer (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">nùmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética">aritmética</a>) e dle forme (geometrìa). Na descrission pì comprensiva a la definiss tanme la siensa dla dimostrassion rigorosa, visadì un métod sientìfich ch'as anteressa a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dedussion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dedussion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">dedussion</a> lògica ëd conseguense an ancaminand da 'd premësse generaj.<br /> Tutun, për dësmentié pa gnente dël camp d'assion ëd la matemàtica, a l'han fin-a proponù ëd definila tanme <i>lòn ch'a fan ij matemàtich</i>. An efet, la comunità sientìfica matemàtica a l'é formà da: </p> <ul><li>matemàtich genit, ch'a creo la dissiplin-a midema</li> <li>matemàtich aplicà, ch'a dësvlupo dj'utiss matemàtich, técniche e modej për capì ij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fen%C3%B2meno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenòmeno (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">fenòmeno</a> sientìfich o arzòlve dij problema tecnològich ëd base (an costa categorìa as peulo butesse jë specialista d'anàlisi numérica e ëd càlcol sientìfich)</li> <li>statìstich, ch'a dësvlupo e a àplico técniche matemàtiche për analisé e antërpreté ij dàit da dovré ant j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anferense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anferense (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">anferense</a>, le prevision e për pijé dle decision</li> <li>matemàtich ant l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arserca_operassional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arserca operassional (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">arserca operassional</a>, ch'a dësvlupo e a àplico técniche d'otimisassion a la gestion e për pijé dle decision</li> <li>specialista matemàtich ant ij camp ëd l'angegnerìa, tanme le comunicassion e la teorìa dij contròj</li> <li>biòlogh matemàtich, conomista matemàtich e via fòrt</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anterassion_con_j'àutre_dissiplin-e"><span id="Anterassion_con_j.27.C3.A0utre_dissiplin-e"></span>Anterassion con j'àutre dissiplin-e</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Anterassion con j'àutre dissiplin-e" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Anterassion con j'àutre dissiplin-e"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fin daj <a href="/wiki/Temp" title="Temp">temp</a> pì antich, ij problema matemàtich a l'han anteressà ij filòsof. Un-a dle rason a l'é che për descrive la plancia fìsica dël mond as deuvro d'utiss matemàtich.<br /> Ant la <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica">fìsica</a>, ma ëdcò ant j'àutre siense naturaj tanme la <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%ACmica" title="Chìmica">chìmica</a> o la medzin-a, as deuvro viaman ëd pì utiss e métod dla matemàtica. Ant ël camp ëd la <a href="/wiki/Biolog%C3%ACa" title="Biologìa">biologìa</a> as treuva d'aplicassion amportante dij métod analìtich e statìstich.<br /> A venta tutun armarché che l'aplicassion dël métod matemàtich a dle siense tanme la biologìa a ciama soèns ëd fé dle simplificassion ant j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ip%C3%B2tesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipòtesi (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">ipòtesi</a> ch'a peulo ëdcò mné a d'arzultà nen acetàbij. </p><p>La branca pì veja dle siense fìsiche a l'é l'<a href="/wiki/Astronom%C3%ACa" title="Astronomìa">astronomìa</a> e a l'ancamin dl'era moderna a l'é stàita pròpe chila a avèj pì da manca d'utiss matemàtich. Dël Sinch-sent, për djë bzògn astronòmich a l'é fabricà la <a href="/wiki/Trigonometr%C3%ACa" title="Trigonometrìa">trigonometrìa</a>.<br /> L'achit dla fìsica basà conforma a idèje e concet modern as dev a <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galilei</a>, ch'a fortìa che <i>ël lìber dl'univers a l'é scrivù an caràter matemàtich</i>.<br /> </p><p>Al di d'ancheuj la matemàtica a l'é an camin a pijé un ròl viaman pì amportant ant la siensa, la tecnologìa e la sossietà midema, e la conomìa a l'é, antra le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siense_sossiaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siense sossiaj (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">siense sossiaj</a>, la pì avansà ant l'utilisassion ëd técniche matemàtiche. La siensa dj'ordinator, ch'a l'é pa na branca dla matemàtica, a deuvra la matemàtica an manera ancreusa. </p><p>D'àutra part, le siense aplicà a l'han ësmonù l'ocasion dë studié dij problema analìtich motobin amportant, an determinand parèj ël progress ëd la matemàtica pura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stòria"><span id="St.C3.B2ria"></span>Stòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Stòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Stòria"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le rèis ëstòriche dla matemàtica a fongo ant ij temp pì antich; a l'é franch bel fé che al prinsipi a l'èissa tanme but mach d'arzòlve ël problema ëd fé ëd cont. Testimonianse ëd cont a son ëstàite trovà ch'a armonto a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%92m_%C3%ABd_Neanderthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Òm ëd Neanderthal (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">òm ëd Neanderthal</a>, apopré dël 50.000 aGC. Ëd l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%92m_%C3%ABd_Cro-Magnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Òm ëd Cro-Magnon (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">òm ëd Cro-Magnon</a> (apopré 25.000 aGC) a son rivane dij dissègn geométrich. </p><p>Ël dësvlup dla capassità ëd fé ëd cont a armonta al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleol%C3%ACtich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolìtich (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Paleolìtich</a>: an col che al di d'ancheuj a l'é ël <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ACban" title="Lìban">Lìban</a> a son ëstàit trovà dj'òss d'animaj, datà antra 'l 15.000 e ël 12.000 aGC, con dle serie d'anchërne argropà an partìe dl'istessa <a href="/wiki/Cardinalit%C3%A0" title="Cardinalità">cardinalità</a>. L'arpresentassion dij cont a l'é donca vnùita motobin prima dl'anvension dla scritura, che d'àutra part a smija esse nassùa pròpe da l'evolussion d'un sistema ëd memorisassion dla contabilità. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_prime_sivilisassion">Le prime sivilisassion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Le prime sivilisassion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Le prime sivilisassion"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le matemàtiche pre-eléniche a coato anviron tre milegn, prima dël 600 aGC. </p><p>An ancaminand con ij sò prim progress amportant, euvra dle siviltà mesopotàmiche e egissia, ël but dla matemàtica a resta nen confinà mach a l'arzolussion ëd problema pràtich, ma a l'é ëdcò, miraco dzortut, adressà al dësvlup dë schema generaj për l'elaborassion dla conossensa. Jë sgav archeològich a l'han trovà vàire senten-e 'd taulëtte ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%A8ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crèja (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">crèja</a> babilonèise, scrite an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graf%C3%ACa_cuniforma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafìa cuniforma (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">grafìa cuniforma</a>: scasi tërzent a rësguardo la matemàtica e a dàito o bin dl'época dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prima_dinast%C3%ACa_babilon%C3%A8isa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prima dinastìa babilonèisa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">prima dinastìa babilonèisa</a> (an tra 'l 1800 e ël 1500 aGC), marcà dal regn d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamurabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamurabi (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Hamurabi</a>, o bin dël perìod elenìstich (an tra 'l 600 aGC e 'l 300 dGC), da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinast%C3%ACa_cald%C3%A8ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastìa caldèja (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">dinastìa caldèja</a> a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amper_sel%C3%A9ucid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amper seléucid (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">amper seléucid</a>. Le taulëtte a smon-o dle serie 'd nùmer, dle relassion geométriche e ëd problema. Ij Caldéo a l'avìo dle conossense aritmétiche spantià, ch'a l'han lassane sot-forma ëd tàule: tàule ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplicassion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiplicassion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">multiplicassion</a>, tàule dij quadrà dij prim sessanta nùmer, tàule dij cubo dij prim sëddes nùmer. </p><p>Le conossense matemàtiche babilonèise, che al di d'ancheuj as fan rintré ant l'àlgebra elementar, a son aplicà për la pì part a problema ëd natura econòmica: cambi 'd moneje e marcandisa, problema d'anteresse sempi e compòst, cont dj'ampòste. </p><p>La sorgiss d'anformassion prinsipal an sla matemàtica egissia a son ij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papir (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">papir</a>. Ij pì avosà a son ël <i>Papir Rhind</i>, dël <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, sòrta ëd manual për profan formà da otantessinch problema, scrivù da lë scriba Ahmes apopré dël 1650 aGC (ma còpia ëd n'original ëd dosent agn pì vej), ël <i>Papir ëd Mosca</i> (1850 aGC), ch'a jë smija motobin, e ël <i>Rolò ëd coram dla matemàtica egissia</i> ch'a n'anforma an sle conossense aritmétiche. An dzorpì che ij <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9mer_natural" title="Nùmer natural">nùmer naturaj</a>, j'Egissi a conossìo mach le frassion unitarie e, an pì, un sìmbol a l'era assignà a la frassion <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/19eee5d63f2cf9106dc531cdfdea8cfb8f34b2cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}}"></span>.<br /> L'aritmética as organisa dantorn dontré régole: </p> <ul><li>la possibilità ëd moltipliché e divide un nùmer antregh për doi, lòn ch'a permët d'oten-e qualsëssìa moltiplicassion via n'adission;</li> <li>la possibilità ëd trové ij <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/19eee5d63f2cf9106dc531cdfdea8cfb8f34b2cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:1.999ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}}"></span> ëd qualsëssìa frassion unitaria, për mojen dla régola <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {1}{n}}={\frac {1}{2n}}+{\frac {1}{6n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>6</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {1}{n}}={\frac {1}{2n}}+{\frac {1}{6n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/956cb076139670ecfac41dcba49ebb14a157eff9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:16.955ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {1}{n}}={\frac {1}{2n}}+{\frac {1}{6n}}}"></span> ch'a peul esse semplificà, s'ël denominator a l'é par, an <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {1}{n}}={\frac {1}{n+{\frac {n}{2}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {1}{n}}={\frac {1}{n+{\frac {n}{2}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9393bcbee32f963ae0b7e6ea67066786c3ff17ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:14.221ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {1}{n}}={\frac {1}{n+{\frac {n}{2}}}}}"></span>.</li></ul> <p>Jë scriba a j'ero bon a manipolé ës sistema complicà ëd frassion unitarie. A l'avìo an efet l'ufissi dë dzorantende a la contabilità dla produssion e dl'arpartission dj'arsorse. </p><p>Jë scrit egissian a conten-o d'anstrussion pr'arzòlve ij problema, ma a-i é mai la giustificassion dle régole smonùe: la validità dle solussion a l'avìa tanme fondament mach l'esperiensa e la tradission. Coste conossense, ch'i podrìo ciamé <i>pre-matemàtica</i>, a j'ero na part, omogenia al rest da na mira metodològica e tramandà ant l'istessa manera, ëd col grand patrimòni ëd conossense empìriche ch'a permëtìa a j'egissi soe avosà realisassion tecnològiche. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Cin-a">La Cin-a</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La Cin-a" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: La Cin-a"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Cin-a" title="Cin-a">Cin-a</a> a l'é stàita sede d'un-a antra le pì antiche siviltà sientìfiche e matemàtiche: già dël sécol ch'a fa XII aGC la matemàtica cinèisa a l'avìa argionzù un bon livel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ij_Grech">Ij Grech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ij Grech" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ij Grech"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La matemàtica a dventa na dissiplin-a organisà e indipendenta con ij Grech dël perìod clàssich, an tra 'l 600 e ël 300 aGC. Bele che la matemàtica greca a s-ciòd da cole ch'a-i ero prima, as agiss ëd na costrussion caraterìstica ëd lë spìrit grech. </p><p>La stòria dla coltura greca, an particolar cola dla matemàtica, as peul ëspartisse an quatr perìod ëd tre sécoj mincadun, dal 600 aGC al 600 dGC: </p> <ul><li>Ël <i>perìod elénich</i>, apopré antra 'l 600 aGC e ël 300 aGC: për la matemàtica as dësvlupa a l'ancamin an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asia_minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asia minor (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Asia minor</a>, peui an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magna_Grecia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magna Grecia (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Magna Grecia</a> e apress an <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>, dzortut a <a href="/wiki/Atene" title="Atene">Atene</a>.</li> <li>Ël <i>perìod elenìstich</i> o <i>lissandrin</i>, apopré antra 'l 300 aGC e l'ancamin dl'era cristian-a: séghit a le conquiste ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liss%C3%A0nder_%C3%ABl_Grand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissànder ël Grand (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Lissànder ël Grand</a>, la coltura greca a së spantia vers ël mond oriental, antant che ël sènter ëd jë studi a ven <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissandria_an_Egit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissandria an Egit (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Lissandria</a>.</li> <li>Ël <i>perìod grech-roman</i>, da l'ancamin dl'era cristian-a al 300 dGC.</li> <li>Ël <i>perìod dij comentator</i>, apopré dal 300 al 600, anté che a va anans la decadensa, ancaminà ant ël perìod precedent.</li></ul> <p>Ël pont antra la pre-matemàtica babilonèisa e egissia e la rafinà siensa matemàtica elenìstica a l'é arpresentà da la matemàtica elénica. As agiss d'apopré doi sécoj e mes anté che la coltura greca a anteriorisa j'arzultà egissian e mesopotàmich e a-i sot-pon a na crìtica rassional pistin-a, an relassion ës-ciassa con l'anvestigassion filosòfica.<br /> La tradission greca a fasìa armonté se arserche a <a href="/wiki/Talete" title="Talete">Talete</a> che a l'ancamin dël VI sécol aGC a l'avrìa ancaminà a fé progredì la geometrìa ch'a l'avìa amprendù an <a href="/wiki/Egit" title="Egit">Egit</a>, e a <a href="/wiki/Pit%C3%A0gora" title="Pitàgora">Pitàgora</a> che dla sconda mità dël sécol a l'ha fondà soa avosà assossiassion polìtich-religiosa. An particolar, ij pitagòrich a l'han arconossù l'amportansa dël concet ëd nùmer (antregh) për la descrission dij process fìsich, an rivand a fortì che <i>tut a l'é nùmer</i>. Con la scòla ëd Pitàgora a ancamin-a la concession ëd la matemàtica tanme na dissiplin-a astrata, camp d'armonìe andoa ël pensé uman a treuva 'd piasì, stra pr'avzinesse al mond dj'idèje. Costa concession a vnirà dominanta ant ël pensé ëd <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a>. </p><p>Ël perìod elénich a peul esse considerà për la pi part tanme na longa gestassion dla siensa matemàtica, anté ch'a s'é ambaronasse d'utiss lògich viaman pì rafinà, ma la matemàtica a l'era ancor nen rivà a lë stat ëd siensa ant ël sens ch'i-j doma a la paròla al di d'ancheuj, përchè a-i era nen un còrp ëd conossense unì e coerent da na mira lògica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ël_problema_dl'infinì"><span id=".C3.8Bl_problema_dl.27infin.C3.AC"></span>Ël problema dl'infinì</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël problema dl'infinì" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ël problema dl'infinì"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antra ij problema ch'a j'ero già presentasse ant la matemàtica greca a-i é col dl'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Infin%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infinì (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">infinì</a>. Për esempi, a l'era s-ciairasse che l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugualiansa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugualiansa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">ugualiansa</a> ëd doe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surfasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surfasse (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">surfasse</a> as podìa mach da ràir buté an evidensa con na dëscomposission dle figure ant un nùmer finì ëd part finìe. A l'era presentasse parèj la necessità d'arcore a dëscomposission dle grandësse an na quantità infinitaman granda ëd part infinitaman cite, visadì ij prim tentativ ëd dovré dij procediment ëd tipo infinitesimal. Tutun, cost usage a l'era pa esent da abus e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parad%C3%B2ss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradòss (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">paradòss</a>, për esempi ël rasonament dël sofista <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antifont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antifont (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Antifont</a> ch'a deduvìa la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadrabilit%C3%A0_d%C3%ABl_sercc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadrabilità dël sercc (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">quadrabilità dël sercc</a> da cola dël <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol%C3%ACgon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polìgon (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">polìgon</a>, basandse an sl'afermassion che un polìgon regolar d'un nùmer chërsent ëd bande a finiss për confondse con na <a href="/wiki/Sirconferensa" title="Sirconferensa">sirconferensa</a>. </p><p>A l'é donca nassuje an manera natural l'anvìa dë s-ciairì coste chestion, për liberesse da la possibilità d'eror paradossaj ant l'usage dl'infinì. La crìtica a l'é antlora ocupasse dij procediment infinitesimaj, con ël but ëd buteje a pòst e feje vnì rigoros.<br /> Na sistemassion a l'é stàita cola d'<a href="/wiki/Eud%C3%B2ss_%C3%ABd_Cnido" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudòss ëd Cnido">Eudòss ëd Cnido</a>, con na neuva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ACa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorìa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">teorìa</a> general dle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proporsion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proporsion (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">proporsion</a> e con l'usage sistemàtich dël <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9tod_d%27esauriment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Métod d'esauriment (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">métod d'esauriment</a> (për ël confront d'àree e volum) ch'a schiviava la considerassion dl'infinì. </p><p>L'antrodussion sistemàtica ëd procediment infinitesimaj a l'é dovùa a <a href="/wiki/Archimede" title="Archimede">Archimede</a>. Ël prinsipi ëd natura infinitesimal a la base ëd sò métod a consist ant ël consideré j'àree tanme adission ëd tanti <a href="/wiki/Segment" title="Segment">segment</a> (o cite bande) otnù an sessionand coste àree arlongh na chèica diression; e ij <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2lid_(matem%C3%A0tica)" title="Sòlid (matemàtica)">sòlid</a> tanme adission dle surfasse (o cite fëtte) otnùe sessionand arlongh na dëstèisa. Quant coste cite bande o fëttin-e a venta ch'a sio sutile a resta nen precisà, ma a devo esse motobin fin-e. Cost concet a l'é donca pitòst empirìstich e material e ij rigoros matemàtich ëd l'época a podìo pa acetelo tanme métod ëd dimostrassion. Tutun Archimede a lo deuvra për pijé familiarità con j'oget ch'a studia e fesse n'idèja dle proprietà, për peui sërchene na dimostrassion rigorosa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ël_pensé_platònich"><span id=".C3.8Bl_pens.C3.A9_plat.C3.B2nich"></span>Ël pensé platònich</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël pensé platònich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ël pensé platònich"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Platon a butava la matemàtica a lë scond pòst ëd la conossensa sientìfica: al prim a-i vnisìa la dialética, ch'as dësvlupa sensa avèj da manca ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postul%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postulà (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">postulà</a>. An efet, Platon a s-ciàira la vera natura dla matemàtica, butà an pien-a lus mach vàire sécoj pì tard: caraterìstica dla matemàtica a l'é cola ëd dovèj parte da 'd postulà inissiaj nen giustificàbij. </p><p>Ant ël <i>Filebo</i> ël nùmer a intra a fé part ëd la concession filosòfica, an essend ël mojen d'union antra l'unità dj'idèje e la multiplissità infinìa dle còse. </p><p>Platon a l'é stàit ël ver fondador dl'ansegnament matemàtich, dagià che për prim a l'ha s-ciairane ël valor formativ. </p><p>Le figure geométriche ant la teorìa platònica <i>a son</i>. As na dissegno d'inmàgin përchè coste a <i>son</i>; a l'é nen che coste <i>a son</i> përchè nojàutri i-i dissegnoma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ël_métod_dedutiv"><span id=".C3.8Bl_m.C3.A9tod_dedutiv"></span>Ël métod dedutiv</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël métod dedutiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ël métod dedutiv"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La matemàtica greca a riva a sò cò pì fiamengh vers la fin dël perìod elénich e l'ancamin ëd col elenìstich a Atene, Lissandria, <a href="/wiki/Siracusa" title="Siracusa">Siracusa</a>, con j'euvre ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teetet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teetet (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Teetet</a>, Eudòss, <a href="/wiki/Euclid" title="Euclid">Euclid</a>, Archimede, <a href="/wiki/Apol%C3%B2ni" title="Apolòni">Apolòni</a>. As agiss d'un-a dle pì bele creassion ëd lë spìrit elénich.<br /> Ant la matemàtica elénica a l'era armarcasse che chèiche afermassion a l'aparensa ciàire an sle figure geométriche a l'avìo ëd conseguense lògiche motobin men evidente. A l'é donca vnùita ciàira l'amportansa dël métod dimostrativ. Cost métod ipotétich-dedutiv a l'ha avù soa adoss al temp d'Eudòss e a l'ha arseivù n'espression definitiva ant j'<i>Element</i> d'Euclid (n'euvra ëdcò anfluensà dal pensé ëd Platon). </p><p>Për ij Grech dël perìod clàssich, la matemàtica a l'era n'utiss amportant ëd conossensa. As conta che a 'n monsù ch'a l'avìa ciamaje a lòn ch'a servìa la matemàtica, Euclid a l'abia dit a 'n sò s-ciav ëd deje dontré monede d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%92r_(metal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Òr (metal)">òr</a>, an disend-je: «Chiel-lì a studia mach për ël tornacont!» Mach a l'época d'Archimede ij matemàtich grech a son rivà a n'ategiament positiv ant ij confront dj'aplicassion. </p><p>A l'é bel fé ch'a sia stàita la dëscuverta dle dificoltà gropà a j'incomensuràbij a dëstorné ij grech da dësvlupé ël càlcol numérich, anté ch'a-i ero rivaje prima an orient, e a posseje anvece a duvertesse la stra a fòrsa ant l'angavign dla geometrìa assiomàtica. D'àutra part, për ël dësvlup ëd l'aritmética a-j mancavo d'utiss potent, tanme la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Numerassion_decimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numerassion decimal (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">numerassion decimal</a> e ël càlcol algébrich. Për apopré doimila agn, ël pèis dla tradission geométrica greca a l'ha artardà l'evolussion dël concet ëd nùmer e dij cont algébrich. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ël_declin"><span id=".C3.8Bl_declin"></span>Ël declin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël declin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ël declin"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apress ël III sécol aGC la matemàtica greca a produv ancor d'euvre motobin amportante dovùe a 'd siensià soèns ëd grand valor, ma pì gnente ëd paragonàbil a j'euvre fiamenghe dël passà. </p><p>Ant ël camp ëd la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geometr%C3%ACa_sf%C3%A9rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geometrìa sférica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">geometrìa sférica</a> e dl'astronomìa as peulo arcordesse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menelao (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Menelao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iparch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iparch (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Iparch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolom%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolomé (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Tolomé</a>.<br /> Con <a href="/wiki/Diofant" title="Diofant">Diofant</a> (dantorn al 250 dGC), a jë sponta ëdcò na sòrt d'àlgebra simbòlica, contut che diferenta da cola moderna: Diofant a bandon-a soèns l'arpresentassion geométrica, për consideré d'<a href="/wiki/Operassion" title="Operassion">operassion</a> basà sij nùmer midem. Soa euvra a sarà continuà da j'Àrabo, anspirand-se a d'arzultà ch'a vnisìo da l'<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>Apress costi grand matemàtich, la matemàtica antica as dëstissa, bele che con d'àut e bass. A la fin dl'età antica l'originalità a së smòrta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ij_Roman">Ij Roman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=11" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ij Roman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ij Roman"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ij <a href="/wiki/Sivilt%C3%A0_roman-a" title="Siviltà roman-a">Roman</a> a son pa d'autut ëstàit un pòpol matemàtich. A j'ero nen anteressà a la matemàtica teòrica e a val la pen-a d'armarcheje mach për la part pràtica dla mzura dij teren.<br /> Ant la bassa latinità as treuvo chèich abresé matemàtich che a arpresento tut lòn che ij Roman a l'han tramandà dla matemàtica a l'<a href="/wiki/Et%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_mes" title="Età ëd mes">Età ëd mes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'India"><span id="L.27India"></span>L'India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=12" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L'India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: L'India"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A la mità dël I milegn, ëdcò l'India a l'avìa dësvlupà na comunità matemàtica, peul desse mersì a lë spantiament an India dla conossensa sientìfica dla Grecia, rivà për la prima vira con le conquiste ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liss%C3%A0nder_Magn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissànder Magn (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Lissànder Magn</a> ant ël IV sécol aGC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'Età_ëd_mes"><span id="L.27Et.C3.A0_.C3.ABd_mes"></span>L'Età ëd mes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=13" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L'Età ëd mes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: L'Età ëd mes"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ant l'àuta Età ëd mes la decadensa a va anans an Ossident e as dësmentio ëdcò dj'arzultà dla matemàtica antica, dont ël contat a l'é mantnù a travers d'abresé.<br /> Antratant, j'Àrabo a fan un grand travaj ëd tradussion e rielaborassion dj'euvre greche clàssiche d'Euclid, Archimede, Apolòni. A fondo j'element ëd coste teorìe (comprèise cole ëd Diofant) con d'àutri ch'a rivavo da l'aritmética dj'Indian e dësvlupo ëd fasson autònoma chèiche part ëd l'àlgebra.<br /> An dzorpì, j'Àrabo a l'han pijà da j'Indian col sistema ëd <a href="/wiki/Numerassion_posissional" title="Numerassion posissional">notassion posissional</a> dij nùmer ch'a l'é peui dventà d'usage comun. </p><p>L'Ossident cristian a conòss torna la matemàtica antica a travers dj'Àrabo. Ij contat antra le doe siviltà a j'ero mantnusse: già da l'ancamin dël <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9col_ch%27a_fa_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Sécol ch'a fa IX">sécol ch'a fa IX</a> a j'ero stàite butà an pé dle relassion polìtiche antra <a href="/wiki/Carl_Magn" title="Carl Magn">Carl Magn</a> e ël calif ëd Bagdad. Ël contat a l'era peui vnù pì s-ciass con le <a href="/wiki/Crosi%C3%A0" title="Crosià">crosià</a>, e le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sit%C3%A0_marinare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sità marinare (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">sità marinare</a> a l'avìo favorì un tràfich marìtim fòrt con l'Orient. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fibonacci">Fibonacci</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=14" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Fibonacci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Fibonacci"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un moment motobin amportant për la conossensa matemàtica europenga a l'é rivaje con Leonardo Pisan, stranomà <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Fibonacci" title="Leonardo Fibonacci">Fibonacci</a> (visadì fieul ëd Bonaccio). Sò pare a l'era ampiegà dla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%B9blica_%C3%ABd_Pisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repùblica ëd Pisa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">repùblica ëd Pisa</a> a la dogan-a ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Béjaïa (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Bugia</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Alger%C3%ACa" title="Algerìa">Algerìa</a>. Da là, a l'ha fàit ven-e sò fieul, përchè a studièissa ij procediment aritmétich dovrà da j'Àrabo e ch'a vnisìo motobin a taj ant ël comersi. Ël giovo tutun a l'é nen limitasse mach a la part comersal, ma a l'ha possà ij sò studi matemàtich motobin anans, con ëd but teòrich, an riussend a vnì padron ëd la matemàtica clàssica sia a travers dle rielaborassion àrabe che a contat diret con le sorgiss antiche.<br /> Soa granda euvra <i>Liber abbaci</i> a l'é dël 1202 (sconda edission dël 1228); l'àutra soa euvra fondamental <i>Practica geometriae</i> a l'é dël 1223. Ant ël <i>Liber abbaci</i> a l'é smonù ël neuv sistema posissional dë scritura dij nùmer, con ël nùmer zero (paròla ch'a veul dì <i>veuid</i>). L'euvra ëd Fibonacci a l'é stàita conossùa dal mond matemàtich mersì a n'edission dij sò scrit an doi gròss volum dovùa al prinsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldassarre_Boncompagni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baldassarre Boncompagni (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Baldassarre Boncompagni</a>. </p><p>Ai temp ëd Fibonacci ël simbolism a-i era ancor pa e soa àlgebra a restava ancor a lë stadi dl'ansidita <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80lgebra_ret%C3%B2rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Àlgebra retòrica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">àlgebra retòrica</a>, anté che le régole a j'ero smonùe a paròle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ij_mèistr_ëd_la_prospetiva"><span id="Ij_m.C3.A8istr_.C3.ABd_la_prospetiva"></span>Ij mèistr ëd la prospetiva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=15" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ij mèistr ëd la prospetiva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ij mèistr ëd la prospetiva"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dël Quat-sent, a <a href="/wiki/Firense" title="Firense">Firense</a>, a jë s-ciòd ëd tendense neuve ant la pitura. As dësvlupa, dzortut për l'euvra ëd <a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pero_dla_Fransesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Pero dla Fransesca">Pero dla Fransesca</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leonard_da_Vinci" title="Leonard da Vinci">Leonard da Vinci</a>, lë studi dla <a href="/wiki/Prospetiva" title="Prospetiva">prospetiva</a>, visadì dle régole ch'a permëtto, dàit n'oget ant lë <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spassi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spassi (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">spassi</a>, ëd fabriché soa projession an s'un quàder da 'n pont ch'as consìdera esse l'<a href="/wiki/Euj" title="Euj">euj</a> dl'artista. N'àutr artista che an col'época a l'ha aprofondì ij problema dla prospetiva an soa euvra a l'é stàit <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>. Së studi a l'é anteressant ëdcò da na mira matemàtica e a l'é la smens d'anté ch'as dësvlupo chèich branche dla geometrìa moderna.<br /> An efet, la prospetiva a visa a arpresenté dle figure spassiaj an s'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pian (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">pian</a> e donca a precor l'ansidita <a href="/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa_descritiva" title="Geometrìa descritiva">geometrìa descritiva</a>; d'àutra part a forniss ëd projession d'un pont ëd lë spassi (euj dl'osservator) e parèj a darà anspirassion, a sò temp, al dësvlup ëd la <a href="/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa_projetiva" title="Geometrìa projetiva">geometrìa projetiva</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_matemàtica_moderna"><span id="La_matem.C3.A0tica_moderna"></span>La matemàtica moderna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=16" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La matemàtica moderna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: La matemàtica moderna"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La matemàtica dël dì d'ancheuj, ant ij sò vàire setor, a peul esse pensà tanme la matemàtica clàssica rivà a soa maduridà e dventà àuto-cossienta e àuto-crìtica. Un-a ëd soe caraterìstiche prinsipaj a l'é l'arserca, pì che possìbil, dla generalisassion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'àlgebra"><span id="L.27.C3.A0lgebra"></span>L'àlgebra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=17" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: L'àlgebra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: L'àlgebra"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La dàita d'achit ëd la matemàtica moderna a peul esse, an manera convensional, fissà al prinsipi dël sécol ch'a fa XVI, cand l'euvra dj'algebrista a sorpassa cola dij matemàtich antich e a duvèrta la stra a le conquiste dij sécoj apress. L'usage dij sìmboj literaj ant l'àlgebra, antrodussion ëd <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vi%C3%A8te" title="François Viète">François Viète</a> (1540-1603), a l'é stàita na constribussion dësmisurà a la matemàtica. N'àutr progress fàit an cost'época a l'é l'antrodussion dij <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9mer_compless" title="Nùmer compless">nùmer compless</a>, mersì a <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Bombelli" title="Rafael Bombelli">Rafael Bombelli</a> ch'a l'é rivaje për mojen ëd considerassion ansima a j'<a href="/wiki/Equassion_alg%C3%A9brica" title="Equassion algébrica">equassion</a> ëd ters gré. </p><p>La creassion ëd la teorìa djë <a href="/wiki/Strop" title="Strop">strop</a> a l'é euvra ëd <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Galois" title="Évariste Galois">Galois</a> vers ël 1830; la teorìa a l'é peui stàita dësvlupà dzortut da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Ennemond_Camille_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Jordan</a> che an sò avosà <i>Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques</i> a l'ha smonune na presentassion rigorosa, an sot-lignand-ne ëdcò d'aplicassion amportante, dzortut a la geometrìa. A l'é stàit mersì a la teorìa djë strop ch'a l'é rivasse a na classificassion ëd le vàire geometrìe.<br /> Fin vers al 1890 lë studi djë strop a l'era concentrà pì che àutr an sjë <a href="/wiki/Strop_%C3%ABd_p%C3%ABrmutassion" title="Strop ëd përmutassion">strop ëd përmutassion</a>; ma a parte da antlora l'atension a l'é spantiasse a j'ansidit <i>strop astrat</i>, studi ch'a l'ha mnà a l'àlgebra moderna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ël_dësvlup_dla_matemàtica_dal_sécol_ch'a_fa_XVII"><span id=".C3.8Bl_d.C3.ABsvlup_dla_matem.C3.A0tica_dal_s.C3.A9col_ch.27a_fa_XVII"></span>Ël dësvlup dla matemàtica dal sécol ch'a fa XVII</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=18" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël dësvlup dla matemàtica dal sécol ch'a fa XVII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ël dësvlup dla matemàtica dal sécol ch'a fa XVII"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ant ij sécoj XVII e XVIII a-i é staje dij dësvlup ëstrasordinari dla matematica, cissà da lë bzògn d'avèj d'utiss ëspeculativ bon a comprende ij prinsipi fondamentaj dla fìsica che, an col istess perìod, a dventava na dissiplin-a sientìfica ant ël sens modern. </p><p>Dël Ses-sent, <a href="/wiki/Girard_Desargues" title="Girard Desargues">Desargue</a> e <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a> a buto le base për la geometrìa projetiva, dësvlupà an particolar da <a href="/wiki/Jean-Victor_Poncelet" title="Jean-Victor Poncelet">Jean-Victor Poncelet</a> (1788-1867). <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Fermat" title="Pierre de Fermat">Fermat</a> cole dla <a href="/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa_anal%C3%ACtica" title="Geometrìa analìtica">geometrìa analìtica</a> (visadì l'aplicassion ëd l'àlgebra ant lë studi ëd problema geométrich). Tutun, a venta massioné che già dël sécol ch'a fa XIV <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicole_Oresme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicole Oresme (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Nicole Oresme</a>, an dovrand le <a href="/wiki/Coordin%C3%A0" title="Coordinà">coordinà</a> d'un pont dël pian, a l'avìa smonù ël prinsipi dl'arpresentassion gràfica d'un fenòmeno e trovà le condission për che tre pont a fusso alinià; apress sòn e ant ël midem ëspìrit a l'era ocupasse dle coordinà ant lë spassi a tre <a href="/wiki/Spassi_vetorial" title="Spassi vetorial">dimension</a> e a l'avìa fin-a anmaginà në spassi a quatr.<br /> A soa vira, la geometrìa analìtica a l'ha fàit dësbandì lë studi dij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leu_geom%C3%A9trich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leu geométrich (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">leu geométrich</a>. Ij métod ansidit sintétich a l'han torna fiorì a la fin dël Set-sent.<br /> Ancor dël sécol ch'a fa XVII a l'é lë s-ciòde dël <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0lcol_diferensial" title="Càlcol diferensial">càlcol diferensial</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0lcol_ant%C3%ABgral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càlcol antëgral (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">antëgral</a>, che ansema a formo ël <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0lcol_infinitesimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Càlcol infinitesimal (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">càlcol infinitesimal</a> (che na vira a l'era dit <i>càlcol fiamengh</i>). Soa anvension a l'é euvra ëd <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz">Leibniz</a>. Newton a lo s-ciairava da na mira mecànica, e an efet un dj'arsòrt ch'a l'han falo nasse a son ëstàit ij problema fìsich (për esempi, la definission d'<a href="/wiki/Andi" title="Andi">andi</a> tanme <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ACmit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lìmit (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">lìmit</a> dël rapòrt antra spassi e temp), ma ëdcò ëd problema d'adoss geométrica a l'han contribuì, tanme ël problema dle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangente (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">tangente</a> e col ëd j'àree. Për l'atribussion ëd la precedensa ant l'anvension, ij doi siensià e ij sò anlev a son rivà a rusé. An efet Newton a l'é rivaje prima, ma Leibniz a l'é rivaje ëd fasson indipendenta e da na mira diferenta.<br /> Newton a l'é ëdcò a l'adoss ëd lë studi dj'<a href="/wiki/Equassion_diferensial" title="Equassion diferensial">equassion diferensiaj</a>, branca ch'a l'é dësvlupasse ëd fasson ëstrasordinaria ant ël Set-sent e ch'a l'é gropà a na caterva ëd problema ant la fìsica, l'astronomìa e via fòrt. A Leibniz, nompà, a armonta l'achit ëd la <a href="/wiki/Topolog%C3%ACa" title="Topologìa">topologìa</a>, ciamà da chiel <i>Analysis situ</i>, dont ij dësvlup pì fiamengh a son rivà ant ij sécoj XIX e XX e ch'a l'é dventà un-a dle part pì amportante ant la matemàtica moderna.<br /> A ancaminé da la fin dël Set-sent a l'é dësvlupasse ëdcò la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geometr%C3%ACa_diferensial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geometrìa diferensial (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">geometrìa diferensial</a>. </p><p>A l'é tutun mach dla prima mità dl'Eut-sent për euvra ëd vàire matemàtich, dzortut <a href="/wiki/Augustin-Louis_Cauchy" title="Augustin-Louis Cauchy">Cauchy</a>, che ël càlcol infinitesimal a l'é stàit sistemà su 'd base tut afàit rigorose. An efet, dël Set-sent a-i era pa na distinsion ciàira antra matemàtica e fìsica: ij problema matemàtich a l'han soa adoss ant la fìsica e as fa nen la distinsion antra j'oget matemàtich e j'ent fìsich che costi-sì a arpresento. Për esempi, ij matemàtich dël Set-sent a l'han mai ël sossì dij problema ëd convergensa cand a studio na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serie (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">serie</a>: la soma 'd na serie a arpresenta na <a href="/wiki/Grand%C3%ABssa_f%C3%ACsica" title="Grandëssa fìsica">grandëssa fìsica</a> e minca adend soe contribussion; a s'agiss mach ëd trové na fasson d'adissioneje antra 'd lor an manera d'oten-e n'arzultà ch'a l'abia 'd sust. </p><p>Dël sécol ch'a fa XIX, con l'arcostrussion dl'anàlisi ansima a 'd base rigorose e con la crìtica dij fondament (dont la dimostrassion che ël quint <a href="/wiki/Postul%C3%A0_d%27Euclid" title="Postulà d'Euclid">postulà d'Euclid</a> a peul nen dimostresse da j'àutri quatr), la matemàtica a dventa na dissiplin-a tut afàit autònoma che, sensa perde contat con le siense aplicà, a treuva andrinta a 'd chila midema le motivassion pr'ij sò dësvlup neuv. An efet, le gran possibilità duvertà dal càlcol infinitesimal a l'han possà a l'ancamin ij matemàtich a sagrinesse pa tròp dël rigor lògich ëd la neuva costrussion analìtica e a travajé mach për sò dësvlup viaman pì gròss. Ma pì tard a l'é amponusse l'esigensa d'un rigor pì grand. Precursor ëd costa tendensa a l'é stàit <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bolzano" title="Bernard Bolzano">Bolzano</a>, vivù ant la prima mità dël sécol ch'a fa XIX. Dotà ëd n'ancreus ëspìrit filosòfich a l'ha s-ciairà le mancanse ant ij fondament ëd l'anàlisi e a l'é angagiasse an n'euvra ëd crìtica e d'arcostrussion. Soe euvre a son restà pòch conossùe e pòch apressià a soa época; mach pì tard a l'han arconossuje soa amportansa e soa profondeur. Pì arnomà a l'é stàita l'euvra ëd Cauchy, ch'a l'ha butà ël concet ëd lìmit a le fondamenta dl'anàlisi infinitesimal. Soa a resta ëdcò la definission d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%ABgral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antëgral (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">antëgral</a> 'me ch'as deuvra al di d'ancheuj e a l'é chiel ch'a l'ha butà le base për vàire teorìe, dont cola dle <a href="/wiki/Fonsion" title="Fonsion">fonsion</a> ëd variàbil complessa (na teorìa che a l'ha avù ëdcò d'aplicassion pràtiche a la cartografìa, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Idrodin%C3%A0mica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idrodinàmica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">idrodinàmica</a>, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerodin%C3%A0nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerodinànica (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">aerodinànica</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relativit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relatività (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">relatività</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mec%C3%A0nica_dj%27onde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecànica dj'onde (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">mecànica dj'onde</a>).<br /> La nàssita dla teorìa dle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonsion_el%C3%ACtiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonsion elìtiche (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">fonsion elìtiche</a> a l'é, nompà, dovùa a <a href="/wiki/Niels_Henrik_Abel" title="Niels Henrik Abel">Abel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Jacob_Jacobi" title="Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi">Jacobi</a>. </p><p>Ancor dël sécol ch'a fa XIX a l'é ël dësvlup ëd teorìe rigorose pr'ij <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9mer_real" title="Nùmer real">nùmer reaj</a>, bele che costi-sì a j'ero già dovrà da 'n përfond ëd temp. </p><p>Dël 1872, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Klein</a>, ant un discors ëvnù arnomà 'me ël <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programa_d%27Erlangen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programa d'Erlangen (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">programa d'Erlangen</a>, a l'ha stabilì na classificassion ëd le vàire geometrìe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_probabilità"><span id="La_probabilit.C3.A0"></span>La probabilità</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=19" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La probabilità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: La probabilità"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La teorìa dla probabilità a l'ha ij sò achit ant ël sécol ch'a fa XVII, fondà da Pascal ch'a l'era stàit ëmnà a si studi da 'n problema proponuje da sò amis ël sivalié ëd Méré. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_lògica_matemàtica"><span id="La_l.C3.B2gica_matem.C3.A0tica"></span>La lògica matemàtica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=20" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: La lògica matemàtica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: La lògica matemàtica"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La prima speransa ëd fondé na lògica matemàtica a armonta andaré al 1275: a l'é an cost'época che <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimond_Lulle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimond Lulle (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Raimond Lulle</a> a l'era sdasse dla possibilità ëd combiné j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enonsi%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enonsià (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">enonsià</a> e ëd trasformeje conforma a 'd régole algébriche, për evité qualsëssìa eror e ambiguità. Leibniz a l'avìa peui a sò temp sustà sa possibilità, dont la realisassion a l'é rivaje mach un sécol apress, con j'arzultà d'<a href="/wiki/Augustus_De_Morgan" title="Augustus De Morgan">A. De Morgan</a> e l'euvra capital ëd <a href="/wiki/George_Boole" title="George Boole">George Boole</a>. La sistematisassion a riva con ij travaj ëd <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Gottlob_Frege" title="Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege">G. Frege</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Peano" title="Giuseppe Peano">Peano</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">David Hilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Carnap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Carnap (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Rudolf Carnap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Gonseth" title="Ferdinand Gonseth">Ferdinand Gonseth</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Reinhart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Reinhart (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">Jacques Reinhart</a> e d'àutri.<br /> Tut ës fosonament a l'ha mnà a la possibilità ëd fabriché ëd màchine për ël <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasonament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasonament (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">rasonament</a>, dont la prima ideassion a armonta a <a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Jevons" title="William Stanley Jevons">William Stanley Jevons</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Formalism_e_logicism">Formalism e logicism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=21" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Formalism e logicism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Formalism e logicism"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A la fin dël sécol ch'a fa XIX e a l'ancamin ëd col ch'a fa XX, a l'é spantiasse la concession formalìstica dla matemàtica, dont ël pì grand esponent a l'é stàit Hilbert. Costa concession a përmet soèns ëd trasporté na teorìa matemàtica a 'd camp motobin leugn da soa adoss. </p><p>Dacant a la tendensa formalìstica a-i é cola <a href="/wiki/Logicism" title="Logicism">logicista</a> ch'a visa a fé dla matemàtica un capìtol ëd la lògica. A costa ardussion dla matemàtica a la lògica a l'ha travajaje për prim Frege. A son peui stàit Russell e <a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Whitehead</a> a realisé ël travaj an sò <i>Principia mathematica</i> (1910); për arparé ai paradòss ch'a l'han rancontrà a l'han anventà la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ACa_dij_tipo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorìa dij tipo (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">teorìa dij tipo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ël_paradis_ëd_Cantor"><span id=".C3.8Bl_paradis_.C3.ABd_Cantor"></span>Ël paradis ëd Cantor</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=22" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Ël paradis ëd Cantor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Ël paradis ëd Cantor"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apress ij grech, ël problema dl'infinì a l'era stàit torna afrontà da Galilei, che però a l'avìa nen aprofondilo. A son ëstàit peui ij travaj ëd Bolzano a duverté la stra a <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dedekind" title="Richard Dedekind">Dedekind</a> e <a href="/wiki/Georg_Cantor" title="Georg Cantor">Cantor</a>. Chiel-sì a l'ha trovà un mojen për comparé infinì diferent an dovrand ij concet d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iniession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iniession (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">iniession</a> e ëd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bijession (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">bijession</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utiss_matemàtich"><span id="Utiss_matem.C3.A0tich"></span>Utiss matemàtich</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&veaction=edit&section=23" title="I soma dapress a modifiché la session: Utiss matemàtich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matem%C3%A0tica&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Utiss matemàtich"><span>modifiché la sorgiss</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ant la stòria e findi al di d'ancheuj a son ëstàit realisà na caterva d'utiss matemàtich: <a href="/wiki/Calcolatris" title="Calcolatris">màchine calcolatris</a> për fé ij cont, conteur ëd tuta sòrta, angign dë mzura e utiss astronòmich. La pì part ëd costi utiss a l'ha për but l'aplicassion ëd la matemàtica a la <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vita</a> ëd tuti ij di. </p><p>Esempi d'utiss matemàtich a son: </p> <ul><li>ij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan%C3%ACmeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planìmeter (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">planìmeter</a></li> <li>j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%ABgrator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antëgrator (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">antëgrator</a></li> <li>j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antegraf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antegraf (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">antegraf</a></li> <li>j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Analisator_arm%C3%B2nich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analisator armònich (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">analisator armònich</a></li> <li>j'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%ABgrator_arm%C3%B2nich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antëgrator armònich (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">antëgrator armònich</a></li> <li>le màchine për antivëdde ij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maré (pàgina ch'a esist pa)">maré</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="nomobile" style="background: #C0E1FF; width:152px; font-size: 85%;" align="right" valign="top"> <div class="nomobile"> <div style="border:solid grey 1px; margin: 1px; padding: 2px;"> <table cellpadding="1" style="font-size:95%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is" title="Aiuto"><img alt="Aiuto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/30px-Italiancurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/45px-Italiancurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/09/Italiancurt.png/60px-Italiancurt.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is" title="Wikipedia:Lese ël piemontèis">Aiuto per<br />la lettura</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is_version_spagneula" title="Ayuda"><img alt="Ayuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/30px-Spagneulcurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/45px-Spagneulcurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/03/Spagneulcurt.png/60px-Spagneulcurt.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lese_%C3%ABl_piemont%C3%A8is_version_spagneula" title="Wikipedia:Lese ël piemontèis version spagneula">Ayuda para<br />la lectura</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reading_Piedmontese_English_version" title="Help"><img alt="Help" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cc/Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png/30px-Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cc/Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png/45px-Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/c/cc/Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png/60px-Angl%C3%A8iscurt.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reading_Piedmontese_English_version" title="Wikipedia:Reading Piedmontese English version">Help for<br />Reading</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pi%C3%B2la" title="Rintré ant la Piòla"><img alt="Rintré ant la Piòla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/30px-Blasonpms.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/45px-Blasonpms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/0/0c/Blasonpms.png/60px-Blasonpms.png 2x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pi%C3%B2la" title="Wikipedia:Piòla">Rintré ant<br /> la Piòla</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aministrator" title="Contata j'Aministrator"><img alt="Contata j'Aministrator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e7/Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png/30px-Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e7/Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png/45px-Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e7/Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png/60px-Tel%C3%A8fonAmnistr.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aministrator" title="Wikipedia:Aministrator">Contaté<br /> j'Aministrator</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:L%C3%ACber_che_as_consejo" title="Lìber për Amprende"><img alt="Lìber për Amprende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/2/20/StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg/30px-StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/2/20/StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg/45px-StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/2/20/StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg/60px-StageraL%C3%ACber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:L%C3%ACber_che_as_consejo" title="Wikipedia:Lìber che as consejo">Lìber për<br /> Amprende</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteri_p%C3%ABr_la_coression_ortogr%C3%A0fica" title="Coression Ortogràfica"><img alt="Coression Ortogràfica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/ec/Coression.png/30px-Coression.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/ec/Coression.png/45px-Coression.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/ec/Coression.png/60px-Coression.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteri_p%C3%ABr_la_coression_ortogr%C3%A0fica" title="Wikipedia:Criteri për la coression ortogràfica">Coression<br /> ortogràfica</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tastadura_piemont%C3%A8isa" title="Tastadura Piemontèisa"><img alt="Tastadura Piemontèisa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/b/b6/Tastadura.png/30px-Tastadura.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/b/b6/Tastadura.png/45px-Tastadura.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/b/b6/Tastadura.png/60px-Tastadura.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tastadura_piemont%C3%A8isa" title="Wikipedia:Tastadura piemontèisa">Tastadura<br /> piemontèisa</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ACa:Proget" title="Portaj e Proget"><img alt="Portaj e Proget" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/9/9e/Portal-puzzle.png/30px-Portal-puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/9/9e/Portal-puzzle.png/45px-Portal-puzzle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/9/9e/Portal-puzzle.png/60px-Portal-puzzle.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ACa:Proget" title="Categorìa:Proget">Portaj<br />e Proget</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Agiut:Amprende_a_travaj%C3%A9_da_zero" title="Agiut pr'ij contributor"><img alt="Agiut pr'ij contributor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/5/57/Wikibalon.png/30px-Wikibalon.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/5/57/Wikibalon.png/45px-Wikibalon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/5/57/Wikibalon.png/60px-Wikibalon.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="136" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Agiut:Amprende_a_travaj%C3%A9_da_zero" title="Agiut:Amprende a travajé da zero">Agiut pr'ij<br />Contributor</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ACa:Figure_da_but%C3%A9" title="Travajòt belfè"><img alt="Travajòt belfè" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pms/thumb/e/e8/Ciav_e_tornavis.gif/30px-Ciav_e_tornavis.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" 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