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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood"},"author":{"name":"Maria Bolevich","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/9ef707f6335ef3d94c3c2362480710b0"},"headline":"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions","datePublished":"2024-11-21T18:13:34+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-21T18:13:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood"},"wordCount":702,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg","caption":"Blood clots."},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg","keywords":["Biology","Health"],"articleSection":["Health"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2024","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://interestingengineering.com/policies/editorial-policy","isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".body-content","value":"Heparin, an essential anti-clotting drug, has been integral in preventing and treating blood clot-related conditions for over a century. Discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and Professor William H. Howell, it was identified as an anticoagulant (medications that stop your blood from clotting) that would eventually revolutionize medicine. However, its practical application took time—initial studies laid the groundwork for human trials, which began in 1935.Today, heparin continues to be widely used. In 2024, it is estimated that around 500 million doses of heparin will be administered globally every year, with the market exceeding billions of dollars. In addition to its well-known use in preventing blood clots, recent studies suggest that heparin may help treat conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19. The drug’s significance is only growing—especially in the context of sepsis, a deadly condition for which heparin was first used in 1966. A meta-study has shown that it can reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis.However, despite its many benefits, heparin’s production has faced challenges. In 2008, a global recall due to contamination underscored the need for safer production methods. Since then, scientists have worked to address these issues, focusing on bioengineering as a key solution.Bioengineered heparinA breakthrough in heparin production is emerging through bioengineering. In September 2024, a study led by Professor Masamichi Kamihira from Kyushu University, Japan, explored alternatives to the traditional method of sourcing heparin from pig intestines. Kamihira told Interesting Engineering that over 80 percent of the medicinal substance in heparin is currently derived from pigs, primarily in China. A 40 percent reduction in pig populations due to African swine fever has raised concerns about supply stability and quality control. Kamihira’s team emphasizes the potential of bioengineering, which could reduce reliance on animal tissues, improve safety, and allow for the production of customized heparin for specific treatments.According to Kamihira, the production process faces obstacles related to purification and contamination, especially when mammalian cells are used in recombinant systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, and bioengineering offers a path to safer, more reliable heparin production.Strategies for heparin productionIn addition to Kamihira’s work, Professor Susan Sharfstein from Albany University has made significant contributions to bioengineered heparin. “My lab has focused on a different approach, modifying the heparan sulfate pathway in mammalian cells to create a bioengineered heparin,” says Sharfsteinu. Initially, the team focused on CHO cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.In collaboration with TEGA Therapeutics, she has also explored using mastocytoma cells, which have shown superior anticoagulant activity. While mastocytoma cells could lead to better results, scaling their production is more challenging than with CHO cells.Sharfstein points to two main approaches in heparin production: Chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. While chemical synthesis is complex and costly, chemoenzymatic methods, which start with bacterial-derived heparosan and then use enzymes to modify it into heparin, are more affordable and scalable. Her team continues to explore new ways to optimize these processes and reduce costs.Looking ahead“Recent advances in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and metabolic engineering have enabled the precise characterization of heparin derivatives and bioengineered heparins, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These developments offer promising opportunities to explore novel therapeutic applications,” says Kamihira.Scientists highlight the critical role of enzyme modification in heparin production. By optimizing the cellular enzymes responsible for heparin synthesis and carefully controlling their output, researchers can improve production efficiency. Enhanced enzyme performance can accelerate production processes and reduce overall manufacturing costs.A century of heparinIn 2016, the International Journal of Cardiology published a collection of reviews marking the 100th anniversary of heparin’s discovery, and in 2017, a documentary highlighted its impact. Among those sharing their stories was Spanish water polo player Jennifer Pareja, who attributed her recovery from a blood clot at age 17 to the life-saving properties of heparin.Today, over 10 million people in the United States alone rely on heparin or similar anticoagulant drugs. While challenges persist, ongoing research continues to address these issues, ensuring that heparin remains a vital component of modern medicine. And as new methods for its production emerge, heparin’s role in healthcare will only expand."}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood","name":"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-21T18:13:34+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-21T18:13:41+00:00","description":"Despite being a century-old, life-saving anticoagulant, heparin faces complex production and manufacturing 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3.2869 15.8059 3.01153 15.4672 2.83896C15.3264 2.76724 15.1246 2.70881 14.7301 2.67657C14.325 2.64347 13.8009 2.64277 13.03 2.64277H5.47001C4.69909 2.64277 4.17502 2.64347 3.76994 2.67657Z" fill="#696969"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-flex-col t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="article-heading t-w-full md:t-w-[53.75%]"><ul class="article-badges t-flex-wrap md:t-gap-[8px] t-gap-[8px] t-flex"><li class="t-flex"><a class="t-flex" href="/health"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Health</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>Beyond its role in preventing blood clots, recent studies indicate heparin’s potential in treating inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19.</p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Nov 21, 2024 01:13 PM EST</time></div></div><div class="t-hidden"><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultra-hard-super-diamond-china-breakthrough" title="Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds">Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultra-hard-super-diamond-china-breakthrough" title="Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/raytheon-conducts-ltamds-test-successful" title="Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test">Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/raytheon-conducts-ltamds-test-successful" title="Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev" title="China's Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes">China's Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev" title="China's Geely smart hybrid EV offers 770-mile range, 80% charge in 20 minutes"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way" title="Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China's precision therapy to extend EV cell life">Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China's precision therapy to extend EV cell life</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way" title="Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China's precision therapy to extend EV cell life"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator" title="Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research">Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator" title="Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion research"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo" title="Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo">Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo" title="Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/coal-mine-sites-into-solar-battery-hubs" title="US Appalachia transforms 17 coal mine sites into solar, battery hubs for 370MW">US Appalachia transforms 17 coal mine sites into solar, battery hubs for 370MW</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal" title="Kapil Kajal" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kapil Kajal</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/coal-mine-sites-into-solar-battery-hubs" title="US Appalachia transforms 17 coal mine sites into solar, battery hubs for 370MW"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/first-humanoid-robot-polishing-china" title="Stial Steven: First humanoid robot for intricate polishing tasks unveiled in China">Stial Steven: First humanoid robot for intricate polishing tasks unveiled in China</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/first-humanoid-robot-polishing-china" title="Stial Steven: First humanoid robot for intricate polishing tasks unveiled in China"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research" title="US scientists shrink flow battery to card-size for faster energy storage">US scientists shrink flow battery to card-size for faster energy storage</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mini-flow-battery-advances-research" title="US scientists shrink flow battery to card-size for faster energy storage"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/ustc-lithium-hydrogen-battery" title="China’s new hydrogen EV battery hits 2825 Wh/kg energy density with 99.7% efficiency">China’s new hydrogen EV battery hits 2825 Wh/kg energy density with 99.7% efficiency</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/ustc-lithium-hydrogen-battery" title="China’s new hydrogen EV battery hits 2825 Wh/kg energy density with 99.7% efficiency"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/optical-fiber-for-brain-endoscopies" title="China: Super-thin fiber carries 10,000+ times more data, views brain cells live">China: Super-thin fiber carries 10,000+ times more data, views brain cells live</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/optical-fiber-for-brain-endoscopies" title="China: Super-thin fiber carries 10,000+ times more data, views brain cells live"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/health" title="Health"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Health</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy" title="Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes">Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy" title="Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/fearsome-predator-discovered-in-egypt" title="30-million-year-old skull discovery reveals ‘fearsome’ beast that dominated Egypt">30-million-year-old skull discovery reveals ‘fearsome’ beast that dominated Egypt</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino" title="Maria Mocerino" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Maria Mocerino</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/fearsome-predator-discovered-in-egypt" title="30-million-year-old skull discovery reveals ‘fearsome’ beast that dominated Egypt"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone" title="US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload">US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/avs-jump-20-x-drone" title="US unveils new spy drone with 115-mile strike range, 13-hour flight and big payload"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/money-originated-from-long-distance-trade" title="Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study">Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino" title="Maria Mocerino" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Maria Mocerino</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">19 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/money-originated-from-long-distance-trade" title="Money likely originated from long-distance trade between strangers, suggests study"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultra-hard-super-diamond-china-breakthrough" title="Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds">Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultra-hard-super-diamond-china-breakthrough" title="Ultra-hard 'super diamond' developed in China, 40% stronger than natural diamonds"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/basketball-robot-stephen-curry-shooting-partner" title="AI robots make their NBA debut: Basketball bot becomes Stephen Curry's shooting partner">AI robots make their NBA debut: Basketball bot becomes Stephen Curry's shooting partner</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/basketball-robot-stephen-curry-shooting-partner" title="AI robots make their NBA debut: Basketball bot becomes Stephen Curry's shooting partner"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/raytheon-conducts-ltamds-test-successful" title="Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test">Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra" title="Prabhat Ranjan Mishra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Prabhat Ranjan Mishra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">20 hours ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/raytheon-conducts-ltamds-test-successful" title="Raytheon's GhostEye perfectly tracks high-speed cruise missile, completes live-fire test"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining" title="China's BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027">China's BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/aman-tripathi" title="Aman Tripathi" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Aman Tripathi</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">a day ago</p></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-byd-secures-lithium-mining" title="China's BYD secures lithium mining for EV production, use solid-state batteries by 2027"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] 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href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/atomic-mirrors-light-sharper-quantum-sensors" title="Scientists turn light pulses into atomic mirrors to enhance quantum sensors"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div data-url="bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood" class="new-article"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left 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srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_60752a.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_60752a.jpg&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FUntitled-1_60752a.jpg&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">3D image of red blood cells.</p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/red-blood-cells-3d-image-concept-gm1492439504-516440025?searchscope=image,film"><span class="LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE">ktsimage</span>/iStock</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Heparin, an essential anti-clotting drug, has been integral in preventing and treating blood clot-related conditions for over a century. Discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and Professor William H. Howell, it was identified as an anticoagulant (medications that stop your blood from clotting) that would eventually revolutionize medicine. </p> <p>However, its practical application took time—initial studies laid the groundwork for human trials, <a href="http://healthheritageresearch.com/Heparin-Conntact9608.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">which began in 1935</a>.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Today, heparin continues to be widely used. In 2024, <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16017-heparin-infusion" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">it is estimated</a> that around 500 million doses of heparin will be administered globally every year, with the market exceeding billions of dollars. </p> <p>In addition to its well-known use in preventing blood clots, <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7513850/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">recent studies</a> suggest that heparin may help treat conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19. </p> <p>The drug’s significance is only growing—especially in the context of sepsis, a deadly condition for which heparin was first used in 1966. A <a href="https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-014-0563-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">meta-study</a> has shown that it can reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis.</p> <p>However, despite its many benefits, heparin’s production has faced challenges. In 2008, a global recall due to contamination underscored the need for safer production methods. Since then, scientists have worked to address these issues, focusing on bioengineering as a key solution.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bioengineered-heparin">Bioengineered heparin</h2> <p>A breakthrough in heparin production is emerging through bioengineering. In September 2024, a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975024001502" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">study</a> led by Professor Masamichi Kamihira from Kyushu University, Japan, explored alternatives to the traditional method of sourcing heparin from pig intestines. </p> <p>Kamihira told <em>Interesting Engineering</em> that over 80 percent of the medicinal substance in heparin is currently derived from pigs, primarily in China. A 40 percent reduction in pig populations due to African swine fever has raised concerns about supply stability and quality control. </p> <p>Kamihira’s team emphasizes the potential of bioengineering, which could reduce reliance on animal tissues, improve safety, and allow for the production of customized heparin for specific treatments.</p> <p>According to Kamihira, the production process faces obstacles related to purification and contamination, especially when mammalian cells are used in recombinant systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, and bioengineering offers a path to safer, more reliable heparin production.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-strategies-for-heparin-production">Strategies for heparin production</h2> <p>In addition to Kamihira’s work, Professor Susan Sharfstein from Albany University has made significant contributions to bioengineered heparin. </p> <p>“My lab has focused on a different approach, modifying the heparan sulfate pathway in mammalian cells to create a bioengineered heparin,” says Sharfsteinu. Initially, the team focused on CHO cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.</p> <p>In collaboration with TEGA Therapeutics, she has also explored using mastocytoma cells, which have shown superior anticoagulant activity. While mastocytoma cells could lead to better results, scaling their production is more challenging than with CHO cells.</p> <p>Sharfstein points to two main approaches in heparin production: Chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. While chemical synthesis is complex and costly, chemoenzymatic methods, which start with bacterial-derived heparosan and then use enzymes to modify it into heparin, are more affordable and scalable. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Her team continues to explore new ways to optimize these processes and reduce costs.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-ahead">Looking ahead</h2> <p>“Recent advances in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and metabolic engineering have enabled the precise characterization of heparin derivatives and bioengineered heparins, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These developments offer promising opportunities to explore novel therapeutic applications,” says Kamihira.</p> <p>Scientists highlight the critical role of enzyme modification in heparin production. By optimizing the cellular enzymes responsible for heparin synthesis and carefully controlling their output, researchers can improve production efficiency. Enhanced enzyme performance can accelerate production processes and reduce overall manufacturing costs.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-century-of-heparin">A century of heparin</h2> <p>In 2016, the International Journal of Cardiology published a collection of reviews marking the 100th anniversary of heparin’s discovery, and in 2017, a <a href="https://vimeo.com/204858705" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">documentary</a> highlighted its impact. Among those sharing their stories was Spanish water polo player Jennifer Pareja, who attributed her recovery from a blood clot at age 17 to the life-saving properties of heparin.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Today, over 10 million people in the United States alone rely on heparin or similar anticoagulant drugs. While challenges persist, ongoing research continues to address these issues, ensuring that heparin remains a vital component of modern medicine. And as new methods for its production emerge, heparin’s role in healthcare will only expand.</p> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none"><path d="M1.5 3.90007C1.5 2.98989 1.5 2.5348 1.68166 2.18716C1.84144 1.88137 2.09641 1.63275 2.41002 1.47694C2.76654 1.2998 3.23325 1.2998 4.16667 1.2998H8.83333C9.76675 1.2998 10.2335 1.2998 10.59 1.47694C10.9036 1.63275 11.1586 1.88137 11.3183 2.18716C11.5 2.5348 11.5 2.98989 11.5 3.90007V6.82536C11.5 7.73554 11.5 8.19062 11.3183 8.53827C11.1586 8.84406 10.9036 9.09268 10.59 9.24849C10.2335 9.42562 9.76675 9.42562 8.83333 9.42562H5.21319C4.8665 9.42562 4.69315 9.42562 4.52734 9.4588C4.38024 9.48824 4.23789 9.53693 4.10416 9.60355C3.95343 9.67864 3.81807 9.78423 3.54734 9.99542L2.22209 11.0292C1.99093 11.2095 1.87535 11.2997 1.77808 11.2998C1.69348 11.2999 1.61346 11.2624 1.56068 11.1979C1.5 11.1238 1.5 10.9795 1.5 10.6908V3.90007Z" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.25" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span><span>0</span><span>COMMENT</span><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path d="M10 7L15 12L10 17" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full md:t-my-[16px] t-my-4"></div><div class=""><h4 class="t-pb-4 overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">ABOUT THE EDITOR</h4><p class="h5-style-desktop color-gray-900 articleBody_lineHeight_18__zYiLM"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-bolevich"><strong>Maria Bolevich</strong></a> Maria Bolevich graduated from Medical High School and Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Department of Environmental protection. 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Bolevich\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/9ef707f6335ef3d94c3c2362480710b0\"},\"headline\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\"},\"wordCount\":702,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Blood clots.\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biology\",\"Health\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Health\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/policies/editorial-policy\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":false,\"hasPart\":{\"@type\":\"WebPageElement\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":false,\"cssSelector\":\".body-content\",\"value\":\"Heparin, an essential anti-clotting drug, has been integral in preventing and treating blood clot-related conditions for over a century. Discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and Professor William H. Howell, it was identified as an anticoagulant (medications that stop your blood from clotting) that would eventually revolutionize medicine. However, its practical application took time—initial studies laid the groundwork for human trials, which began in 1935.Today, heparin continues to be widely used. In 2024, it is estimated that around 500 million doses of heparin will be administered globally every year, with the market exceeding billions of dollars. In addition to its well-known use in preventing blood clots, recent studies suggest that heparin may help treat conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19. The drug\u0026#8217;s significance is only growing—especially in the context of sepsis, a deadly condition for which heparin was first used in 1966. A meta-study has shown that it can reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis.However, despite its many benefits, heparin\u0026#8217;s production has faced challenges. In 2008, a global recall due to contamination underscored the need for safer production methods. Since then, scientists have worked to address these issues, focusing on bioengineering as a key solution.Bioengineered heparinA breakthrough in heparin production is emerging through bioengineering. In September 2024, a study led by Professor Masamichi Kamihira from Kyushu University, Japan, explored alternatives to the traditional method of sourcing heparin from pig intestines. Kamihira told Interesting Engineering that over 80 percent of the medicinal substance in heparin is currently derived from pigs, primarily in China. A 40 percent reduction in pig populations due to African swine fever has raised concerns about supply stability and quality control. Kamihira’s team emphasizes the potential of bioengineering, which could reduce reliance on animal tissues, improve safety, and allow for the production of customized heparin for specific treatments.According to Kamihira, the production process faces obstacles related to purification and contamination, especially when mammalian cells are used in recombinant systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, and bioengineering offers a path to safer, more reliable heparin production.Strategies for heparin productionIn addition to Kamihira\u0026#8217;s work, Professor Susan Sharfstein from Albany University has made significant contributions to bioengineered heparin. \u0026#8220;My lab has focused on a different approach, modifying the heparan sulfate pathway in mammalian cells to create a bioengineered heparin,\u0026#8221; says Sharfsteinu. Initially, the team focused on CHO cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.In collaboration with TEGA Therapeutics, she has also explored using mastocytoma cells, which have shown superior anticoagulant activity. While mastocytoma cells could lead to better results, scaling their production is more challenging than with CHO cells.Sharfstein points to two main approaches in heparin production: Chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. While chemical synthesis is complex and costly, chemoenzymatic methods, which start with bacterial-derived heparosan and then use enzymes to modify it into heparin, are more affordable and scalable. Her team continues to explore new ways to optimize these processes and reduce costs.Looking ahead\u0026#8220;Recent advances in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and metabolic engineering have enabled the precise characterization of heparin derivatives and bioengineered heparins, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These developments offer promising opportunities to explore novel therapeutic applications,\u0026#8221; says Kamihira.Scientists highlight the critical role of enzyme modification in heparin production. By optimizing the cellular enzymes responsible for heparin synthesis and carefully controlling their output, researchers can improve production efficiency. Enhanced enzyme performance can accelerate production processes and reduce overall manufacturing costs.A century of heparinIn 2016, the International Journal of Cardiology published a collection of reviews marking the 100th anniversary of heparin\u0026#8217;s discovery, and in 2017, a documentary highlighted its impact. Among those sharing their stories was Spanish water polo player Jennifer Pareja, who attributed her recovery from a blood clot at age 17 to the life-saving properties of heparin.Today, over 10 million people in the United States alone rely on heparin or similar anticoagulant drugs. While challenges persist, ongoing research continues to address these issues, ensuring that heparin remains a vital component of modern medicine. And as new methods for its production emerge, heparin\u0026#8217;s role in healthcare will only expand.\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\",\"name\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"Despite being a century-old, life-saving anticoagulant, 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--\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eInside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Despite being a century-old, life-saving anticoagulant, heparin faces complex production and manufacturing challenges in modern medicine.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Despite being a century-old, life-saving anticoagulant, heparin faces complex production and manufacturing challenges in modern medicine.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:13:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:13:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Bolevich\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@1989_mariab\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Bolevich\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Bolevich\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/9ef707f6335ef3d94c3c2362480710b0\"},\"headline\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T1854,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHeparin, an essential anti-clotting drug, has been integral in preventing and treating blood clot-related conditions for over a century. Discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and Professor William H. Howell, it was identified as an anticoagulant (medications that stop your blood from clotting) that would eventually revolutionize medicine. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, its practical application took time—initial studies laid the groundwork for human trials, \u003ca href=\"http://healthheritageresearch.com/Heparin-Conntact9608.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewhich began in 1935\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, heparin continues to be widely used. In 2024, \u003ca href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16017-heparin-infusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eit is estimated\u003c/a\u003e that around 500 million doses of heparin will be administered globally every year, with the market exceeding billions of dollars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to its well-known use in preventing blood clots, \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7513850/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecent studies\u003c/a\u003e suggest that heparin may help treat conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe drug\u0026#8217;s significance is only growing—especially in the context of sepsis, a deadly condition for which heparin was first used in 1966. A \u003ca href=\"https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-014-0563-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emeta-study\u003c/a\u003e has shown that it can reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite its many benefits, heparin\u0026#8217;s production has faced challenges. In 2008, a global recall due to contamination underscored the need for safer production methods. Since then, scientists have worked to address these issues, focusing on bioengineering as a key solution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bioengineered-heparin\"\u003eBioengineered heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA breakthrough in heparin production is emerging through bioengineering. In September 2024, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975024001502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e led by Professor Masamichi Kamihira from Kyushu University, Japan, explored alternatives to the traditional method of sourcing heparin from pig intestines. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira told \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that over 80 percent of the medicinal substance in heparin is currently derived from pigs, primarily in China. A 40 percent reduction in pig populations due to African swine fever has raised concerns about supply stability and quality control. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira’s team emphasizes the potential of bioengineering, which could reduce reliance on animal tissues, improve safety, and allow for the production of customized heparin for specific treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Kamihira, the production process faces obstacles related to purification and contamination, especially when mammalian cells are used in recombinant systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, and bioengineering offers a path to safer, more reliable heparin production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategies-for-heparin-production\"\u003eStrategies for heparin production\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Kamihira\u0026#8217;s work, Professor Susan Sharfstein from Albany University has made significant contributions to bioengineered heparin. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;My lab has focused on a different approach, modifying the heparan sulfate pathway in mammalian cells to create a bioengineered heparin,\u0026#8221; says Sharfsteinu. Initially, the team focused on CHO cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn collaboration with TEGA Therapeutics, she has also explored using mastocytoma cells, which have shown superior anticoagulant activity. While mastocytoma cells could lead to better results, scaling their production is more challenging than with CHO cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSharfstein points to two main approaches in heparin production: Chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. While chemical synthesis is complex and costly, chemoenzymatic methods, which start with bacterial-derived heparosan and then use enzymes to modify it into heparin, are more affordable and scalable. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHer team continues to explore new ways to optimize these processes and reduce costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-looking-ahead\"\u003eLooking ahead\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Recent advances in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and metabolic engineering have enabled the precise characterization of heparin derivatives and bioengineered heparins, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These developments offer promising opportunities to explore novel therapeutic applications,\u0026#8221; says Kamihira.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists highlight the critical role of enzyme modification in heparin production. By optimizing the cellular enzymes responsible for heparin synthesis and carefully controlling their output, researchers can improve production efficiency. Enhanced enzyme performance can accelerate production processes and reduce overall manufacturing costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-century-of-heparin\"\u003eA century of heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2016, the International Journal of Cardiology published a collection of reviews marking the 100th anniversary of heparin\u0026#8217;s discovery, and in 2017, a \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/204858705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edocumentary\u003c/a\u003e highlighted its impact. Among those sharing their stories was Spanish water polo player Jennifer Pareja, who attributed her recovery from a blood clot at age 17 to the life-saving properties of heparin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, over 10 million people in the United States alone rely on heparin or similar anticoagulant drugs. While challenges persist, ongoing research continues to address these issues, ensuring that heparin remains a vital component of modern medicine. And as new methods for its production emerge, heparin\u0026#8217;s role in healthcare will only expand.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T547,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, heparin continues to be widely used. In 2024, \u003ca href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16017-heparin-infusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eit is estimated\u003c/a\u003e that around 500 million doses of heparin will be administered globally every year, with the market exceeding billions of dollars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to its well-known use in preventing blood clots, \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7513850/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecent studies\u003c/a\u003e suggest that heparin may help treat conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe drug\u0026#8217;s significance is only growing—especially in the context of sepsis, a deadly condition for which heparin was first used in 1966. A \u003ca href=\"https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-014-0563-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emeta-study\u003c/a\u003e has shown that it can reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite its many benefits, heparin\u0026#8217;s production has faced challenges. In 2008, a global recall due to contamination underscored the need for safer production methods. Since then, scientists have worked to address these issues, focusing on bioengineering as a key solution.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bioengineered-heparin\"\u003eBioengineered heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA breakthrough in heparin production is emerging through bioengineering. In September 2024, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975024001502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e led by Professor Masamichi Kamihira from Kyushu University, Japan, explored alternatives to the traditional method of sourcing heparin from pig intestines. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira told \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that over 80 percent of the medicinal substance in heparin is currently derived from pigs, primarily in China. A 40 percent reduction in pig populations due to African swine fever has raised concerns about supply stability and quality control. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira’s team emphasizes the potential of bioengineering, which could reduce reliance on animal tissues, improve safety, and allow for the production of customized heparin for specific treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Kamihira, the production process faces obstacles related to purification and contamination, especially when mammalian cells are used in recombinant systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, and bioengineering offers a path to safer, more reliable heparin production.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T45e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategies-for-heparin-production\"\u003eStrategies for heparin production\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Kamihira\u0026#8217;s work, Professor Susan Sharfstein from Albany University has made significant contributions to bioengineered heparin. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;My lab has focused on a different approach, modifying the heparan sulfate pathway in mammalian cells to create a bioengineered heparin,\u0026#8221; says Sharfsteinu. Initially, the team focused on CHO cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn collaboration with TEGA Therapeutics, she has also explored using mastocytoma cells, which have shown superior anticoagulant activity. While mastocytoma cells could lead to better results, scaling their production is more challenging than with CHO cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSharfstein points to two main approaches in heparin production: Chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. While chemical synthesis is complex and costly, chemoenzymatic methods, which start with bacterial-derived heparosan and then use enzymes to modify it into heparin, are more affordable and scalable. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T5a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHer team continues to explore new ways to optimize these processes and reduce costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-looking-ahead\"\u003eLooking ahead\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Recent advances in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and metabolic engineering have enabled the precise characterization of heparin derivatives and bioengineered heparins, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These developments offer promising opportunities to explore novel therapeutic applications,\u0026#8221; says Kamihira.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists highlight the critical role of enzyme modification in heparin production. By optimizing the cellular enzymes responsible for heparin synthesis and carefully controlling their output, researchers can improve production efficiency. Enhanced enzyme performance can accelerate production processes and reduce overall manufacturing costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-century-of-heparin\"\u003eA century of heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2016, the International Journal of Cardiology published a collection of reviews marking the 100th anniversary of heparin\u0026#8217;s discovery, and in 2017, a \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/204858705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edocumentary\u003c/a\u003e highlighted its impact. Among those sharing their stories was Spanish water polo player Jennifer Pareja, who attributed her recovery from a blood clot at age 17 to the life-saving properties of heparin.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:T1d0b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS region\u0026#039;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have recently introduced a new, highly accurate method for quantifying carbon capture in salt marshes.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US region\u0026#039;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists have recently introduced a new, highly accurate method for quantifying carbon capture in salt marshes.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T13:28:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T17:35:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/saltmarhes.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T13e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have demonstrated that New England’s salt marshes sequester carbon equivalent to the emissions of roughly 10 million cars within their top meter of soil. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, their research suggests these marshes capture additional carbon annually, comparable to the emissions from approximately 15,000 more cars each year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst quantified carbon capture in the Northeast’s salt marshes using a new, highly accurate method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent study is expected to pave the way toward meeting the challenges of a warming world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tidal-marshes-can-increase-their-carbon-storage\"\u003eTidal marshes can increase their carbon storage\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The amazing thing about tidal marshes, from a climate \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperspective\u003c/a\u003e is that they can continuously increase their carbon storage. They don’t fill up,\u0026#8221; said Wenxiu Teng, lead author of the paper and a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Earth, Geographic and Climate Sciences (EGCS) at UMass Amherst.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers revealed that the ocean stores nearly a third of industrial carbon dioxide emissions, and there is a growing global \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eappreciation\u003c/a\u003e for the role that coastal ecosystems like salt marshes play as carbon sinks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is because wave-by-wave, tide-by-tide, storm-by-storm, new layers of carbon-trapping sediment are continually stored in the thick salt marsh grasses, according to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-researchers-collected-410-soil-samples\"\u003eResearchers collected 410 soil samples\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs glaciers continue to melt, salt marshes grow vertically in order to keep up with rising sea \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elevels\u003c/a\u003e, thus storing even more carbon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, the \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JG008254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) from satellite data to analyze spatial patterns of water depth and vegetative vigor across salt marshes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://farmonaut.com/usa/unlocking-blue-carbon-how-massachusetts-salt-marshes-combat-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecollected\u003c/a\u003e 410 soil samples from 19 sites ranging from Long Island Sound to the Gulf of Maine, representing various locations within each salt marsh. By comparing satellite NDWI data from multiple seasons and tidal levels with their field samples, the researchers identified specific conditions where satellite data closely matched field measurements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Salt marshes are far more persistent carbon \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-first-carbon-14-diamond-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esinks\u003c/a\u003e than forests or other terrestrial sites,\u0026#8221; said Brian Yellen, Massachusetts’s state geologist, research assistant professor at UMass Amherst and one of the paper’s co-authors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;There are many people who are excited about technological solutions to scrub carbon from the atmosphere, but here we have a natural one that works, and works very well, right now. Our work helps to clarify the size of this natural carbon sink and provides a method that is scalable to other regions of the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-carbon-bomb\"\u003ePotential carbon bomb\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s work also holds a warning—that 10 million cars’ worth of carbon is also a potential carbon bomb. If the salt marshes are disturbed or their natural processes altered, they could release all those greenhouse gasses, exacerbating climate change, rather than helping to naturally mitigate it, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1073667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;If salt marshes were to degrade due to the combined threats of local environmental stressors and global climate change,\u0026#8221; said Yellen. \u0026#8220;They would become huge sources of carbon emissions.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We started looking at the satellite data plotted against the field samples, and we had this ‘a-ha!’ moment,\u0026#8221; added Yellen. The team could clearly see that there were particular tidal conditions and times of year when the satellite data closely tracked the data they had gathered in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It’s really all about inundation at high-tide — that’s when you want the satellite to capture the picture,\u0026#8221; concluded Yellen.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:Tc99,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tidal-marshes-can-increase-their-carbon-storage\"\u003eTidal marshes can increase their carbon storage\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The amazing thing about tidal marshes, from a climate \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperspective\u003c/a\u003e is that they can continuously increase their carbon storage. They don’t fill up,\u0026#8221; said Wenxiu Teng, lead author of the paper and a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Earth, Geographic and Climate Sciences (EGCS) at UMass Amherst.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers revealed that the ocean stores nearly a third of industrial carbon dioxide emissions, and there is a growing global \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eappreciation\u003c/a\u003e for the role that coastal ecosystems like salt marshes play as carbon sinks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is because wave-by-wave, tide-by-tide, storm-by-storm, new layers of carbon-trapping sediment are continually stored in the thick salt marsh grasses, according to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-researchers-collected-410-soil-samples\"\u003eResearchers collected 410 soil samples\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs glaciers continue to melt, salt marshes grow vertically in order to keep up with rising sea \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elevels\u003c/a\u003e, thus storing even more carbon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, the \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JG008254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) from satellite data to analyze spatial patterns of water depth and vegetative vigor across salt marshes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://farmonaut.com/usa/unlocking-blue-carbon-how-massachusetts-salt-marshes-combat-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecollected\u003c/a\u003e 410 soil samples from 19 sites ranging from Long Island Sound to the Gulf of Maine, representing various locations within each salt marsh. By comparing satellite NDWI data from multiple seasons and tidal levels with their field samples, the researchers identified specific conditions where satellite data closely matched field measurements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Salt marshes are far more persistent carbon \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-first-carbon-14-diamond-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esinks\u003c/a\u003e than forests or other terrestrial sites,\u0026#8221; said Brian Yellen, Massachusetts’s state geologist, research assistant professor at UMass Amherst and one of the paper’s co-authors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;There are many people who are excited about technological solutions to scrub carbon from the atmosphere, but here we have a natural one that works, and works very well, right now. Our work helps to clarify the size of this natural carbon sink and provides a method that is scalable to other regions of the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T44b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-carbon-bomb\"\u003ePotential carbon bomb\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s work also holds a warning—that 10 million cars’ worth of carbon is also a potential carbon bomb. If the salt marshes are disturbed or their natural processes altered, they could release all those greenhouse gasses, exacerbating climate change, rather than helping to naturally mitigate it, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1073667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;If salt marshes were to degrade due to the combined threats of local environmental stressors and global climate change,\u0026#8221; said Yellen. \u0026#8220;They would become huge sources of carbon emissions.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We started looking at the satellite data plotted against the field samples, and we had this ‘a-ha!’ moment,\u0026#8221; added Yellen. The team could clearly see that there were particular tidal conditions and times of year when the satellite data closely tracked the data they had gathered in the field.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T1f58,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS Army tests M10 Booker infantry support tank for Arctic deployment\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Designed as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is undergoing tests in harsh weather conditions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-tests-m10-booker-arctic-deployment\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US Army tests M10 Booker infantry support tank for Arctic deployment\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Designed as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is undergoing tests in harsh weather conditions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-tests-m10-booker-arctic-deployment\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T13:21:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T13:24:12+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-96.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/v4inbgmbUD8\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"346\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T13:21:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T137c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a bid to ensure combat readiness in challenging weather conditions, the United States Army is conducting extreme cold temperature testing on the M10 Booker armored infantry support vehicle at Fort Greely in Alaska. The information was made public by Peter George, the product manager of the Booker combat vehicle, through a post on social media.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Army is also increasing its Arctic operations to improve readiness in extreme conditions. Training exercises like Arctic Forge 25 will involve 330 US Soldiers from the 11th Airborne and 10th Mountain Divisions, along with 40 Canadian soldiers and 500 Finnish personnel. Additionally, 110 Soldiers from the 41st Field Artillery Brigade will be deployed to Norway to test long-range precision fire in Arctic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-challenges-and-opportunities-in-arctic-military-operations\"\u003eNew challenges and opportunities in Arctic military operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/greenland-gambit-trump-plans-arctic-military\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eArctic\u003c/a\u003e region’s extreme cold, low precipitation, and widespread permafrost pose operational challenges, requiring specialized equipment and training. Hence, the US military\u0026#8217;s focus on Arctic operations also boosts homeland defense by improving early warning systems and rapid response capabilities against potential northern hemisphere threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDesigned as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is on top of US Army\u0026#8217;s modernization priorities. The military plans to acquire over 500 units for this role. The M10 Booker was first tested as a prototype in 2020, with US Army Yuma Proving Ground’s Jade Janis serving as the test officer for the selected entrant. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Janis, the M10 Booker is a lightweight infantry vehicle similar in weight to a Bradley, but with a larger weapon. \u0026#8220;The intent is to be able to rapidly deploy them with an infantry combat brigade: you should be able to fit two of them in a C-17,\u0026#8221; Janis \u003ca href=\"https://www.army.mil/article/283010/m10_booker_tested_at_us_army_yuma_proving_ground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplains\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker also offers direct fire support for Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) against fortified positions and light armored threats. Weighing between 38 and 42 tonnes, it is classified as an armored infantry support vehicle or assault gun, rather than a light tank, as it lacks the armor and firepower needed for direct engagement with enemy main battle tanks.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m10-booker-to-play-key-role-in-army-s-shift-to-division-centric-operations\"\u003eM10 Booker to play key role in Army\u0026#8217;s shift to division-centric operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn June 2022, the M10 Booker was selected as part of the Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF) program. The first production units were delivered in February 2024. The Army plans to acquire the units under a contract potentially worth $1.14 billion, with each M10 Booker estimated to cost around $13.95 million. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker is powered by an MTU 8V199 TE23 diesel engine, delivering 800 horsepower, marking the first use of an MTU serial production engine in a US Army land system in over 40 years. The engine is part of the PowerPack system, which includes transmission, cooling, and filtration components designed to support performance in various terrains, including Arctic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The World’s Best Tank: M1 Abrams Battle Tank\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/v4inbgmbUD8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is equipped with a 105mm M35 tank gun, a 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun, and a 7.62mm M240B machine gun, making it ideal for infantry support. Unlike the M2 Bradley, which is better for mechanized infantry with its troop capacity and missile armament, the M10 Booker offers superior direct-fire capabilities. It has a top speed of 64 km/h, a range of 560 km, and modular armor for protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker features an advanced fire control system from the M1A2 Abrams, along with a hydropneumatic suspension and high-tech optics to improve targeting and situational awareness, capabilities that can prove invaluable for the US Army in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-adds-cold-weather-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecomplex\u003c/a\u003e and dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T5df,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-challenges-and-opportunities-in-arctic-military-operations\"\u003eNew challenges and opportunities in Arctic military operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/greenland-gambit-trump-plans-arctic-military\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eArctic\u003c/a\u003e region’s extreme cold, low precipitation, and widespread permafrost pose operational challenges, requiring specialized equipment and training. Hence, the US military\u0026#8217;s focus on Arctic operations also boosts homeland defense by improving early warning systems and rapid response capabilities against potential northern hemisphere threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDesigned as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is on top of US Army\u0026#8217;s modernization priorities. The military plans to acquire over 500 units for this role. The M10 Booker was first tested as a prototype in 2020, with US Army Yuma Proving Ground’s Jade Janis serving as the test officer for the selected entrant. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Janis, the M10 Booker is a lightweight infantry vehicle similar in weight to a Bradley, but with a larger weapon. \u0026#8220;The intent is to be able to rapidly deploy them with an infantry combat brigade: you should be able to fit two of them in a C-17,\u0026#8221; Janis \u003ca href=\"https://www.army.mil/article/283010/m10_booker_tested_at_us_army_yuma_proving_ground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplains\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T510,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker also offers direct fire support for Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) against fortified positions and light armored threats. Weighing between 38 and 42 tonnes, it is classified as an armored infantry support vehicle or assault gun, rather than a light tank, as it lacks the armor and firepower needed for direct engagement with enemy main battle tanks.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m10-booker-to-play-key-role-in-army-s-shift-to-division-centric-operations\"\u003eM10 Booker to play key role in Army\u0026#8217;s shift to division-centric operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn June 2022, the M10 Booker was selected as part of the Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF) program. The first production units were delivered in February 2024. The Army plans to acquire the units under a contract potentially worth $1.14 billion, with each M10 Booker estimated to cost around $13.95 million. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker is powered by an MTU 8V199 TE23 diesel engine, delivering 800 horsepower, marking the first use of an MTU serial production engine in a US Army land system in over 40 years. The engine is part of the PowerPack system, which includes transmission, cooling, and filtration components designed to support performance in various terrains, including Arctic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T576,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The World’s Best Tank: M1 Abrams Battle Tank\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/v4inbgmbUD8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is equipped with a 105mm M35 tank gun, a 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun, and a 7.62mm M240B machine gun, making it ideal for infantry support. Unlike the M2 Bradley, which is better for mechanized infantry with its troop capacity and missile armament, the M10 Booker offers superior direct-fire capabilities. It has a top speed of 64 km/h, a range of 560 km, and modular armor for protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker features an advanced fire control system from the M1A2 Abrams, along with a hydropneumatic suspension and high-tech optics to improve targeting and situational awareness, capabilities that can prove invaluable for the US Army in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-adds-cold-weather-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecomplex\u003c/a\u003e and dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T1a4a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLas Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?! on Interesting Engineering. 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"34:T1d34,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:Tfa6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T75d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T1e94,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" 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Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T5ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T74c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T662,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"40:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T2111,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eQuantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"caption\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. 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The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties. 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This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T6a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T5aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T1f7b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:33:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"607\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T1435,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T45e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T7dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T51e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T1d9b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUnique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"wordCount\":484,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"name\":\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. 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This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T4d4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T56e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T4f1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T1f57,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists create ‘gene switch’ to power cell therapy for diabetes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a new, highly effective \u0026quot;gene switch\u0026quot; to delivery targeted cell therapy. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists create ‘gene switch’ to power cell therapy for diabetes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a new, highly effective \u0026quot;gene switch\u0026quot; to delivery targeted cell therapy. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-17T10:13:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-17T10:13:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-5_a16172.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\"},\"wordCount\":547,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-5_a16172.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A skin patch with nitroglycerine is the switch that controls an implant underneath (symbolic image). 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However, this system fails in diabetes. Therefore, researchers have been working to develop cell therapies that mimic this natural process for treatment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Cell therapies solve the problem in a similar way to the body,” said Professor of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering of ETH Zurich in Basel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-switch-activated-by-nitroglycerine\"\u003eSwitch activated by nitroglycerine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe body uses specialized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epancreatic cells\u003c/a\u003e to monitor blood sugar. The body regulates post-meal blood sugar spikes through a signaling cascade.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn diabetes, this system malfunctions, leading to high blood sugar.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDiabetics manually regulate their blood sugar with insulin injections, which is found to be a less precise method than the body\u0026#8217;s natural process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eETH researchers are engineering human cells with new gene networks to give them specialized functions. These modified cells are implanted under the skin. The key is controlling these cells with a switch.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOver the last few years, the team has created several control switches for implanted cells, including electrical, light-activated, and even music-triggered ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey\u0026#8217;ve now unveiled their latest innovation: a switch activated by nitroglycerine, the same medication used for chest pain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For me, this solution is the best gene switch that my group and I have built so far,” noted Fussenegger.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A potential cure for diabetes?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ryTyKJFnOv4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-cell-therapy-may-take-years\"\u003eThe cell therapy may take years \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ingredient can be easily delivered via a skin patch. Once the nitroglycerine diffuses into the skin, it comes into contact with the implanted, modified kidney cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe implanted cells transform the nitroglycerine into nitric oxide (NO), which causes the release of GLP-1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe chemical messenger GLP-1 stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, effectively regulating blood sugar. It also helps reduce appetite.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis switch uses only human components, thereby eliminating the risk of immune reactions or interference with the body\u0026#8217;s processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany pharmaceuticals treat the symptoms of a disease, much like using a hammer to try and fix a problem without understanding its origin. In contrast, cell therapies aim to address the root cause, functioning more like the body\u0026#8217;s own natural healing mechanisms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this development may take years to implement as developing cell therapies using gene switches is complex and time-consuming.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Developing a cell therapy to market maturity not only takes decades but also requires lots of staff and sufficient resources. There’s no shortcut,” said Fussenegger in the \u003ca href=\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese therapies hold the promise of precise, personalized treatment and potentially even cures for other metabolic diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That’s [diabetes cell therapy] the model disease we work with. Fundamentally, however, it’s also possible to develop cell therapies for other metabolic, autoimmune or even neurodegenerative diseases – in principle, for everything that requires dynamic regulation,” the researcher stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-025-01350-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Biomedical Engineering.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T4d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Cell therapies solve the problem in a similar way to the body,” said Professor of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering of ETH Zurich in Basel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-switch-activated-by-nitroglycerine\"\u003eSwitch activated by nitroglycerine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe body uses specialized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epancreatic cells\u003c/a\u003e to monitor blood sugar. The body regulates post-meal blood sugar spikes through a signaling cascade.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn diabetes, this system malfunctions, leading to high blood sugar.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDiabetics manually regulate their blood sugar with insulin injections, which is found to be a less precise method than the body\u0026#8217;s natural process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eETH researchers are engineering human cells with new gene networks to give them specialized functions. These modified cells are implanted under the skin. The key is controlling these cells with a switch.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOver the last few years, the team has created several control switches for implanted cells, including electrical, light-activated, and even music-triggered ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"59:T6ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey\u0026#8217;ve now unveiled their latest innovation: a switch activated by nitroglycerine, the same medication used for chest pain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For me, this solution is the best gene switch that my group and I have built so far,” noted Fussenegger.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A potential cure for diabetes?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ryTyKJFnOv4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-cell-therapy-may-take-years\"\u003eThe cell therapy may take years \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ingredient can be easily delivered via a skin patch. Once the nitroglycerine diffuses into the skin, it comes into contact with the implanted, modified kidney cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe implanted cells transform the nitroglycerine into nitric oxide (NO), which causes the release of GLP-1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe chemical messenger GLP-1 stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, effectively regulating blood sugar. It also helps reduce appetite.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis switch uses only human components, thereby eliminating the risk of immune reactions or interference with the body\u0026#8217;s processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany pharmaceuticals treat the symptoms of a disease, much like using a hammer to try and fix a problem without understanding its origin. In contrast, cell therapies aim to address the root cause, functioning more like the body\u0026#8217;s own natural healing mechanisms.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T49b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this development may take years to implement as developing cell therapies using gene switches is complex and time-consuming.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Developing a cell therapy to market maturity not only takes decades but also requires lots of staff and sufficient resources. There’s no shortcut,” said Fussenegger in the \u003ca href=\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese therapies hold the promise of precise, personalized treatment and potentially even cures for other metabolic diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That’s [diabetes cell therapy] the model disease we work with. Fundamentally, however, it’s also possible to develop cell therapies for other metabolic, autoimmune or even neurodegenerative diseases – in principle, for everything that requires dynamic regulation,” the researcher stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-025-01350-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Biomedical Engineering.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T1b90,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew blood test detects pancreatic cancer years before symptoms appear\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"New blood test PAC-MANN detects pancreatic cancer early with 98% accuracy, offering hope for improved survival rates.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New blood test detects pancreatic cancer years before symptoms appear\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New blood test PAC-MANN detects pancreatic cancer early with 98% accuracy, offering hope for improved survival rates.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T23:58:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T23:58:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Canva-Photo-19.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil 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appear\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Canva-Photo-19.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-12T23:58:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-12T23:58:38+00:00\",\"description\":\"New blood test PAC-MANN detects pancreatic cancer early with 98% accuracy, offering hope for improved survival 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T1152,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new blood test developed by researchers at Oregon Health \u0026amp; Science University (OHSU) shows promise for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, a disease notorious for its high mortality rates due to late diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe test, named PAC-MANN, which stands for \u0026#8220;protease activity-based assay using a magnetic nanosensor,\u0026#8221; could provide a critical tool for doctors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can potentially lead to improved survival rates for patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-identifying-pancreatic-cancer\"\u003eIdentifying pancreatic cancer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer typically eludes early diagnosis, often being discovered only when it has progressed to a late stage, significantly limiting treatment options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent diagnostic methods, such as the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) test, can indicate prognosis but are not sufficiently sensitive for early detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed PAC-MANN test aims to bridge this gap by identifying specific cancer-related biomarker activity in the blood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJared Fischer, Ph.D., a researcher at the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute’s Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), highlighted the urgency for improved diagnostic tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The problem with pancreatic cancer is that we often catch it too late,\u0026#8221; he \u003ca href=\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test aims to enable clinicians to detect the disease at an earlier stage when treatment options are more effective, thereby increasing the chances of survival for patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team that developed this test, led by engineer and biologist Jose L. Montoya Mira, Ph.D., focused on creating a cost-effective and easily deployable method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing blood samples from 350 patients, including those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, high-risk individuals, and healthy controls, researchers could pinpoint certain proteins, particularly proteases, whose \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eactivity\u003c/a\u003e levels rise in PDAC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis targeted approach allows for the specific detection of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-98-accuracy\"\u003e98% accuracy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test boasts a 98% accuracy rate in distinguishing between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals or those with non-cancerous pancreatic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, combined with the CA 19-9 test, it demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate for identifying early-stage pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual functionality could offer clinicians substantial insight into detection and the efficacy of ongoing treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePost-surgery, for example, researchers noted a reduction in protease activity, which could indicate positive treatment responses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe advantages of the PAC-MANN test extend beyond just its sensitivity. Unlike traditional diagnostic methods, it requires only a minimal blood sample of eight microliters and delivers results in approximately 45 minutes at less than a penny per sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This could easily be used in rural and underserved areas, where other tests may not be feasible,\u0026#8221; said Montoya, emphasizing the test’s potential for widespread application.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has plans for further investigations, including an upcoming trial in collaboration with the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute and CEDAR, aimed at high-risk patient populations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf additional clinical trials support the effectiveness of PAC-MANN, it could become an essential tool for early pancreatic cancer detection, ultimately expanding treatment options and improving patient outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Fischer stated, “Hopefully, this is one step toward \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-pancreas-successfully-treat-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eending\u003c/a\u003e cancer as we know it.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of this test could mark a significant advance in the fight against pancreatic cancer, offering new hope for early diagnosis and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T4f5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-identifying-pancreatic-cancer\"\u003eIdentifying pancreatic cancer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer typically eludes early diagnosis, often being discovered only when it has progressed to a late stage, significantly limiting treatment options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent diagnostic methods, such as the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) test, can indicate prognosis but are not sufficiently sensitive for early detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed PAC-MANN test aims to bridge this gap by identifying specific cancer-related biomarker activity in the blood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJared Fischer, Ph.D., a researcher at the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute’s Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), highlighted the urgency for improved diagnostic tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The problem with pancreatic cancer is that we often catch it too late,\u0026#8221; he \u003ca href=\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test aims to enable clinicians to detect the disease at an earlier stage when treatment options are more effective, thereby increasing the chances of survival for patients.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T1dfe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew vagina map to uncover how microbes influence pregnancy, infection\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A dozen scientists just published an initiative to map the ecosystem of the human vagina and its microbiome.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New vagina map to uncover how microbes influence 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in\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, “Western medicine assumes an androcentric perspective at the expense of women. Women’s bodies and knowledge concerning their health have been neglected, controlled, and persecuted for centuries.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs an example, women tend to live longer than men, but they tend to be frailer than their male counterparts, at a severe social cost in the quality of life of 49.6 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo, to narrow the “gender health gap,” over a dozen researchers put forth an initiative that communicates that we must target the female microbiome, which is often overlooked in research, as women’s health tends to be. And these are the most pressing issues that women face.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese researchers are reaching for gold; as \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003eput it, they’re seeking to create an “atlas” of the vaginal microbiome as it has that diverse ecosystem that includes bacteria, fungi, simple organisms called archaea, and viruses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShifts in its balance might even affect pregnancy, but no one has studied it in depth. Related studies have only been performed in high-income countries, as well, so this group of scientists called it an \u0026#8220;urgent need.\u0026#8221; We must understand the vaginal microbiome across cultures as soon as possible. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-types-of-healthy-community-states-for-a-vagina\"\u003e5 types of \u0026#8220;healthy community states\u0026#8221; for a vagina\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of molecular biology has advanced our knowledge of the vaginal microbiota. A landmark paper published in 2010 that studied close to 400 women in North America, as per \u003cem\u003eLive Science,\u003c/em\u003e broke down the vaginal microbiota in healthy women into five “vaginal community state types.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus far, the research that has been conducted on this thriving pool of organisms that keep a vagina healthy has shown that a reduction in lactobacilli has been associated with pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, according to the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, a low lactobacilli count and the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria is the “non-optimal vaginal microbiota condition known as BV.” All in all, BV symptoms might not appear, but it can increase the risk of other health issues, \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003esays.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus the “atlas\u0026#8221; would assist in directly \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/7-plants-transform-modern-medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etreating\u003c/a\u003e BV-associated symptoms and diseases through the vaginal microbiome with “vaginal microbiota transfers and vaginal live biotherapeutic products.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStudies indicated that Black and Latin American women might be more at risk of BV compared to women of Asian and European descent living in the USA. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, scientists warned about the “naïve use of race as a category when discussing human health, particularly discussing the microbiome.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study, they said, “should focus on the actual environmental, socioeconomic, and healthcare disparities that place specific populations at higher risk than relying solely on race as a genesis or biological proxy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-girl-power\"\u003eGirl power\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, initiatives are increasing worldwide to close this necessary “data gap,” as the study authors explain,” such as the VaHMP and the VIRGO database.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have even turned to the world\u0026#8217;s citizens to help promote \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/sexual-dysfunction-cure-genital-nerve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esexual health\u003c/a\u003e research, “a bottom-up, locally led approach” called “citizen science.” Since its launch, the citizen science framework of Isala has reached global audiences, further demonstrating the overwhelming amount of public support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo conclude, with public support, the study authors reiterated the necessity to advance this area of research: \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/tampons-toxic-metals-infertility-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewomen\u0026#8217;s health\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe commentary has been published in \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(24)00328-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T423,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs an example, women tend to live longer than men, but they tend to be frailer than their male counterparts, at a severe social cost in the quality of life of 49.6 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo, to narrow the “gender health gap,” over a dozen researchers put forth an initiative that communicates that we must target the female microbiome, which is often overlooked in research, as women’s health tends to be. And these are the most pressing issues that women face.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese researchers are reaching for gold; as \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003eput it, they’re seeking to create an “atlas” of the vaginal microbiome as it has that diverse ecosystem that includes bacteria, fungi, simple organisms called archaea, and viruses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShifts in its balance might even affect pregnancy, but no one has studied it in depth. Related studies have only been performed in high-income countries, as well, so this group of scientists called it an \u0026#8220;urgent need.\u0026#8221; We must understand the vaginal microbiome across cultures as soon as possible. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T547,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-types-of-healthy-community-states-for-a-vagina\"\u003e5 types of \u0026#8220;healthy community states\u0026#8221; for a vagina\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of molecular biology has advanced our knowledge of the vaginal microbiota. A landmark paper published in 2010 that studied close to 400 women in North America, as per \u003cem\u003eLive Science,\u003c/em\u003e broke down the vaginal microbiota in healthy women into five “vaginal community state types.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus far, the research that has been conducted on this thriving pool of organisms that keep a vagina healthy has shown that a reduction in lactobacilli has been associated with pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, according to the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, a low lactobacilli count and the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria is the “non-optimal vaginal microbiota condition known as BV.” All in all, BV symptoms might not appear, but it can increase the risk of other health issues, \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003esays.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus the “atlas\u0026#8221; would assist in directly \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/7-plants-transform-modern-medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etreating\u003c/a\u003e BV-associated symptoms and diseases through the vaginal microbiome with “vaginal microbiota transfers and vaginal live biotherapeutic products.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T4dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStudies indicated that Black and Latin American women might be more at risk of BV compared to women of Asian and European descent living in the USA. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, scientists warned about the “naïve use of race as a category when discussing human health, particularly discussing the microbiome.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study, they said, “should focus on the actual environmental, socioeconomic, and healthcare disparities that place specific populations at higher risk than relying solely on race as a genesis or biological proxy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-girl-power\"\u003eGirl power\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, initiatives are increasing worldwide to close this necessary “data gap,” as the study authors explain,” such as the VaHMP and the VIRGO database.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have even turned to the world\u0026#8217;s citizens to help promote \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/sexual-dysfunction-cure-genital-nerve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esexual health\u003c/a\u003e research, “a bottom-up, locally led approach” called “citizen science.” Since its launch, the citizen science framework of Isala has reached global audiences, further demonstrating the overwhelming amount of public support.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"63:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo conclude, with public support, the study authors reiterated the necessity to advance this area of research: \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/tampons-toxic-metals-infertility-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewomen\u0026#8217;s health\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe commentary has been published in \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(24)00328-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T1fff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMini fusion reactor offers efficient cancer-fighting medical isotopes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Amid rising cancer rates, UK-firm secures $5.5M to commercialize desk-sized fusion reactors for efficient medical isotope production.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/desk-fusion-reactors-for-cancer-diagnosis\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mini fusion reactor offers efficient cancer-fighting medical isotopes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amid rising cancer rates, UK-firm secures $5.5M to commercialize desk-sized fusion reactors for efficient medical isotope production.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/desk-fusion-reactors-for-cancer-diagnosis\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-06T15:21:04+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-10T15:27:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-06T195057.186.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"720\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-06T15:21:04+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T16cd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eAmid rising cancer rates and growing diagnostic demand, a UK-based startup aims to address the medical isotope shortage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstral Systems, a company in Bristol, with its innovative multistate fusion (MSF) technology, offers desk-sized reactors that efficiently produce vital medical isotopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstral has now secured £4.5M ($5.5M) from investors Speedinvest and Playfair to commercialize MSF technology, promising superior performance, efficiency, and lower costs than traditional reactors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Nuclear medicine has been helping to save lives for decades by enabling the medical profession to scan for cancer and directly treat tumors and cancerous cells at source,” said Talmon Firestone, co-founder and CEO of Astral Systems and visiting fellow at the University of Bristol, in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fusion-powered-isotope-supply\"\u003eFusion-powered isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMedical isotopes are radioactive substances essential for diagnosing and treating serious diseases. They emit radiation that can be detected and analyzed, allowing healthcare professionals to assess organ function and tissue structure. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese isotopes have been instrumental in medical imaging, enabling early \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer\u003c/a\u003e detection and the targeted treatment of tumors and cancerous cells. Additionally, they serve as radioactive tracers, helping to identify medical conditions through advanced imaging techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, access to these isotopes is becoming increasingly difficult due to reliance on aging fission reactors. A 2017 UK Government report found that six reactors produced over 90 percent of the global supply, with five set to close by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=13\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm\u0026#8217;s approach uses lattice confinement fusion (LCF), a concept first discovered by NASA, which enables solid-state fuel densities 400 million times higher than conventional methods, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Not only does our MSF Reactor provide a mechanism to develop medical radioisotopes safely and more efficiently, but it also offers an ideal testbed for understanding what a full-scale fusion power plant will look like and how it might behave during operation,\u0026#8221; said Wallace-Smith, co-founder, and CTO of Astral Systems, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2023/november/astral-fusion-reactor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-securing-isotope-supply\"\u003eSecuring isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstral Systems aims to address the looming shortage of medical isotopes with its compact, scalable MSF reactors. Unlike traditional reactors, Astral’s technology enables local, on-demand isotope production, ensuring a stable supply for medical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the firm, by establishing small fusion reactors in regional isotope factories across the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/uk-fusion-firm-eyes-cheap-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUK\u003c/a\u003e and internationally, the company seeks to decentralize production, reducing reliance on a few large facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approach offers a more flexible and cost-effective supply chain, lowering risks associated with aging infrastructure. With localized production, hospitals and healthcare providers could have more reliable access to critical isotopes, ultimately improving patient care. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our systems have been developed far more quickly and can produce isotopes at a much smaller scale than alternate technologies. This means medical isotopes can be produced near to or within hospital hubs without having to rely on giant international nuclear fission plants,\u0026#8221; said researchers in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the University of Bristol received a £1 million research grant in collaboration with Astral Systems and the Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) to optimize and commercialize their technology while demonstrating medical radioisotope production under the ‘MicroNOVA’ project. In November 2023, Astral Systems showed the usage of a first-of-its-kind Multi-State Fusion (MSF) Reactor.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy pioneering MSF technology, Astral Systems is working to secure the future of medical \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-first-commercial-reactor-for-isotopes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eisotope\u003c/a\u003e production and ensure continued advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T538,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Nuclear medicine has been helping to save lives for decades by enabling the medical profession to scan for cancer and directly treat tumors and cancerous cells at source,” said Talmon Firestone, co-founder and CEO of Astral Systems and visiting fellow at the University of Bristol, in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fusion-powered-isotope-supply\"\u003eFusion-powered isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMedical isotopes are radioactive substances essential for diagnosing and treating serious diseases. They emit radiation that can be detected and analyzed, allowing healthcare professionals to assess organ function and tissue structure. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese isotopes have been instrumental in medical imaging, enabling early \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer\u003c/a\u003e detection and the targeted treatment of tumors and cancerous cells. Additionally, they serve as radioactive tracers, helping to identify medical conditions through advanced imaging techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, access to these isotopes is becoming increasingly difficult due to reliance on aging fission reactors. A 2017 UK Government report found that six reactors produced over 90 percent of the global supply, with five set to close by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T7e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=13\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm\u0026#8217;s approach uses lattice confinement fusion (LCF), a concept first discovered by NASA, which enables solid-state fuel densities 400 million times higher than conventional methods, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Not only does our MSF Reactor provide a mechanism to develop medical radioisotopes safely and more efficiently, but it also offers an ideal testbed for understanding what a full-scale fusion power plant will look like and how it might behave during operation,\u0026#8221; said Wallace-Smith, co-founder, and CTO of Astral Systems, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2023/november/astral-fusion-reactor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-securing-isotope-supply\"\u003eSecuring isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstral Systems aims to address the looming shortage of medical isotopes with its compact, scalable MSF reactors. Unlike traditional reactors, Astral’s technology enables local, on-demand isotope production, ensuring a stable supply for medical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the firm, by establishing small fusion reactors in regional isotope factories across the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/uk-fusion-firm-eyes-cheap-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUK\u003c/a\u003e and internationally, the company seeks to decentralize production, reducing reliance on a few large facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T65a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approach offers a more flexible and cost-effective supply chain, lowering risks associated with aging infrastructure. With localized production, hospitals and healthcare providers could have more reliable access to critical isotopes, ultimately improving patient care. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our systems have been developed far more quickly and can produce isotopes at a much smaller scale than alternate technologies. This means medical isotopes can be produced near to or within hospital hubs without having to rely on giant international nuclear fission plants,\u0026#8221; said researchers in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the University of Bristol received a £1 million research grant in collaboration with Astral Systems and the Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) to optimize and commercialize their technology while demonstrating medical radioisotope production under the ‘MicroNOVA’ project. In November 2023, Astral Systems showed the usage of a first-of-its-kind Multi-State Fusion (MSF) Reactor.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T1bf0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eIn a 1st, US FDA approves gene-edited pig kidney transplant trials in humans\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The FDA has approved clinical trials for gene-edited pig kidney transplants in humans, marking a major step in tackling the US organ shortage.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"In a 1st, US FDA approves gene-edited pig kidney transplant trials in humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The FDA has approved clinical trials for gene-edited pig kidney transplants in humans, marking a major step in tackling the US organ shortage.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-05T23:52:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-05T23:52:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:Tfc5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant development for organ transplantation, two U.S. biotechnology companies, United Therapeutics and eGenesis, have received clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to proceed with clinical trials involving gene-edited pig kidneys intended for human use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis milestone comes amidst an ongoing organ shortage in the United States, where more than 100,000 individuals are currently awaiting transplants, over 90,000 of which are for kidney replacements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnited Therapeutics announced the approval on Monday, stating that the trial will initially include six patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, with the potential to expand the participant list to as many as 50, depending on the outcomes of the initial phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company expects the first transplant to occur by mid-2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\"\u003eGene-edited pig kidney transplants\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLeigh Peterson, the executive vice president of United Therapeutics, expressed optimism regarding the approval, describing it as a crucial advancement in increasing the number of available transplantable organs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trials will investigate the viability of transplanting genetically modified pig kidneys into human recipients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis technique has been in development since 2021, focusing initially on brain-dead patients before transitioning to living individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, eGenesis, a rival company, received FDA approval in December for its separate study involving three patients with kidney failure who have a low likelihood of receiving a transplant from a deceased donor within the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study intends to provide insights into the suitability and effectiveness of pig kidneys in treating patients on the transplant list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eXenotransplantation, the process of transplanting organs from one species to another, has long been a goal in medical science, yet it has presented numerous challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarly attempts involving primates faced significant hurdles, but \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-kidney-is-a-success-in-pigs-what-about-humans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvancements\u003c/a\u003e in gene editing and immune system management have reignited interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePigs, having been identified as ideal candidates for organ donation, are seen as a practical solution given their rapid growth, large litter sizes, and established role in the human food supply.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-humans-involved\"\u003eHumans involved\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth companies emphasize the importance of monitoring trial patients over the long term, focusing on survival rates, kidney function, and the risks of zoonotic infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans. These considerations are critical, given the complexities associated with cross-species organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere has been only one documented human recipient of a pig organ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTowana Looney, a 53-year-old woman from Alabama, received a pig kidney from United Therapeutics on November 25, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of Tuesday, she holds the record for the longest survival with a pig kidney, having lived with the organ successfully for 71 days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the case of David Bennett from \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/1st-pig-kidney-recipient-dies-2-months-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMaryland\u003c/a\u003e, who received a pig heart in 2022 but survived for only 60 days, further illustrates the risks and uncertainties involved in such groundbreaking procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upcoming trials represent not just a leap forward in addressing the critical organ shortage crisis but also push the boundaries of medical science into uncharted territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs hope grows for patients in need of transplants, the successful outcome of these studies could pave the way for a new era in organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T4bc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnited Therapeutics announced the approval on Monday, stating that the trial will initially include six patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, with the potential to expand the participant list to as many as 50, depending on the outcomes of the initial phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company expects the first transplant to occur by mid-2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\"\u003eGene-edited pig kidney transplants\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLeigh Peterson, the executive vice president of United Therapeutics, expressed optimism regarding the approval, describing it as a crucial advancement in increasing the number of available transplantable organs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trials will investigate the viability of transplanting genetically modified pig kidneys into human recipients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis technique has been in development since 2021, focusing initially on brain-dead patients before transitioning to living individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, eGenesis, a rival company, received FDA approval in December for its separate study involving three patients with kidney failure who have a low likelihood of receiving a transplant from a deceased donor within the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T4fc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study intends to provide insights into the suitability and effectiveness of pig kidneys in treating patients on the transplant list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eXenotransplantation, the process of transplanting organs from one species to another, has long been a goal in medical science, yet it has presented numerous challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarly attempts involving primates faced significant hurdles, but \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-kidney-is-a-success-in-pigs-what-about-humans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvancements\u003c/a\u003e in gene editing and immune system management have reignited interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePigs, having been identified as ideal candidates for organ donation, are seen as a practical solution given their rapid growth, large litter sizes, and established role in the human food supply.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-humans-involved\"\u003eHumans involved\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth companies emphasize the importance of monitoring trial patients over the long term, focusing on survival rates, kidney function, and the risks of zoonotic infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans. These considerations are critical, given the complexities associated with cross-species organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T41b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere has been only one documented human recipient of a pig organ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTowana Looney, a 53-year-old woman from Alabama, received a pig kidney from United Therapeutics on November 25, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of Tuesday, she holds the record for the longest survival with a pig kidney, having lived with the organ successfully for 71 days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the case of David Bennett from \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/1st-pig-kidney-recipient-dies-2-months-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMaryland\u003c/a\u003e, who received a pig heart in 2022 but survived for only 60 days, further illustrates the risks and uncertainties involved in such groundbreaking procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upcoming trials represent not just a leap forward in addressing the critical organ shortage crisis but also push the boundaries of medical science into uncharted territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs hope grows for patients in need of transplants, the successful outcome of these studies could pave the way for a new era in organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T1cac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS lab achieves 100x efficiency boost in laser-plasma accelerator\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have overcome long-standing challenges in laser-plasma acceleration by using a self-replenishing water target.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US lab achieves 100x efficiency boost in laser-plasma accelerator\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have overcome long-standing challenges in laser-plasma acceleration by using a self-replenishing water target.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:17:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:04:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Laser-Plasma-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1c3ba13ba504d78a3c896651fc6291c6\"},\"headline\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T1092,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have achieved a significant milestone in laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have generated fast, bright proton beams by using the power of a simple water stream.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges and brings LPA technology closer to real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These exciting results pave the way for new applications of relativistic high-power lasers for applications in medicine, accelerator research, and inertial fusion,” said Siegfried Glenzer, director of the High Energy Density Science division at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T48d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T416,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T540,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T1fa4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMeta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Meta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:58:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:02:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"350\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:58:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T14dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing its big bet on artificial intelligence (AI), Meta seems to have set its sight on the next major plunge. If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T5de,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T7d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T1e56,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFabric produces light, sound even after stretching, bending, twisting\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing electroluminescent (EL) displays.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" 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displays.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Electronic fabric produces bright light and clear sound despite stretching, bending and twisting.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T140e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:Taaa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T673,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T1fc7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#039;s protective shell damaged in drone strike\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. 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Moscow has denied involvement.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"wordCount\":534,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Chernobyl\",\"Drones\",\"IAEA\",\"Nuclear plant\",\"nuclear war\",\"Russia\",\"Ukraine\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"name\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor's protective shell damaged in drone strike\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. 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He blamed Russia for the strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of the event, Chernobyl’s chief engineer Oleksandr Tytarchuk stated that the shelter is no longer fulfilling its protective function following the damage. He warned of a potential risk of radioactive substances being released. Although the situation was under control according to Tytarchuk, he noted that repairs could require significant time and effort. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T553,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7e:T546,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T647,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T1c2d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eInside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Despite being a century-old, life-saving anticoagulant, heparin faces complex production and manufacturing challenges in modern medicine.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Despite being a century-old, life-saving anticoagulant, heparin faces complex production and manufacturing challenges in modern medicine.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:13:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-21T18:13:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T1854,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHeparin, an essential anti-clotting drug, has been integral in preventing and treating blood clot-related conditions for over a century. Discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and Professor William H. Howell, it was identified as an anticoagulant (medications that stop your blood from clotting) that would eventually revolutionize medicine. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, its practical application took time—initial studies laid the groundwork for human trials, \u003ca href=\"http://healthheritageresearch.com/Heparin-Conntact9608.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewhich began in 1935\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, heparin continues to be widely used. In 2024, \u003ca href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16017-heparin-infusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eit is estimated\u003c/a\u003e that around 500 million doses of heparin will be administered globally every year, with the market exceeding billions of dollars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to its well-known use in preventing blood clots, \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7513850/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecent studies\u003c/a\u003e suggest that heparin may help treat conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe drug\u0026#8217;s significance is only growing—especially in the context of sepsis, a deadly condition for which heparin was first used in 1966. A \u003ca href=\"https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-014-0563-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emeta-study\u003c/a\u003e has shown that it can reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite its many benefits, heparin\u0026#8217;s production has faced challenges. In 2008, a global recall due to contamination underscored the need for safer production methods. Since then, scientists have worked to address these issues, focusing on bioengineering as a key solution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bioengineered-heparin\"\u003eBioengineered heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA breakthrough in heparin production is emerging through bioengineering. In September 2024, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975024001502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e led by Professor Masamichi Kamihira from Kyushu University, Japan, explored alternatives to the traditional method of sourcing heparin from pig intestines. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira told \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that over 80 percent of the medicinal substance in heparin is currently derived from pigs, primarily in China. A 40 percent reduction in pig populations due to African swine fever has raised concerns about supply stability and quality control. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira’s team emphasizes the potential of bioengineering, which could reduce reliance on animal tissues, improve safety, and allow for the production of customized heparin for specific treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Kamihira, the production process faces obstacles related to purification and contamination, especially when mammalian cells are used in recombinant systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, and bioengineering offers a path to safer, more reliable heparin production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategies-for-heparin-production\"\u003eStrategies for heparin production\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Kamihira\u0026#8217;s work, Professor Susan Sharfstein from Albany University has made significant contributions to bioengineered heparin. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;My lab has focused on a different approach, modifying the heparan sulfate pathway in mammalian cells to create a bioengineered heparin,\u0026#8221; says Sharfsteinu. Initially, the team focused on CHO cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn collaboration with TEGA Therapeutics, she has also explored using mastocytoma cells, which have shown superior anticoagulant activity. While mastocytoma cells could lead to better results, scaling their production is more challenging than with CHO cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSharfstein points to two main approaches in heparin production: Chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. While chemical synthesis is complex and costly, chemoenzymatic methods, which start with bacterial-derived heparosan and then use enzymes to modify it into heparin, are more affordable and scalable. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHer team continues to explore new ways to optimize these processes and reduce costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-looking-ahead\"\u003eLooking ahead\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Recent advances in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and metabolic engineering have enabled the precise characterization of heparin derivatives and bioengineered heparins, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These developments offer promising opportunities to explore novel therapeutic applications,\u0026#8221; says Kamihira.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists highlight the critical role of enzyme modification in heparin production. By optimizing the cellular enzymes responsible for heparin synthesis and carefully controlling their output, researchers can improve production efficiency. Enhanced enzyme performance can accelerate production processes and reduce overall manufacturing costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-century-of-heparin\"\u003eA century of heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2016, the International Journal of Cardiology published a collection of reviews marking the 100th anniversary of heparin\u0026#8217;s discovery, and in 2017, a \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/204858705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edocumentary\u003c/a\u003e highlighted its impact. Among those sharing their stories was Spanish water polo player Jennifer Pareja, who attributed her recovery from a blood clot at age 17 to the life-saving properties of heparin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, over 10 million people in the United States alone rely on heparin or similar anticoagulant drugs. While challenges persist, ongoing research continues to address these issues, ensuring that heparin remains a vital component of modern medicine. And as new methods for its production emerge, heparin\u0026#8217;s role in healthcare will only expand.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T547,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, heparin continues to be widely used. In 2024, \u003ca href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16017-heparin-infusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eit is estimated\u003c/a\u003e that around 500 million doses of heparin will be administered globally every year, with the market exceeding billions of dollars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to its well-known use in preventing blood clots, \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7513850/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecent studies\u003c/a\u003e suggest that heparin may help treat conditions such as inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe drug\u0026#8217;s significance is only growing—especially in the context of sepsis, a deadly condition for which heparin was first used in 1966. A \u003ca href=\"https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-014-0563-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003emeta-study\u003c/a\u003e has shown that it can reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe sepsis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, despite its many benefits, heparin\u0026#8217;s production has faced challenges. In 2008, a global recall due to contamination underscored the need for safer production methods. Since then, scientists have worked to address these issues, focusing on bioengineering as a key solution.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bioengineered-heparin\"\u003eBioengineered heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA breakthrough in heparin production is emerging through bioengineering. In September 2024, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975024001502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e led by Professor Masamichi Kamihira from Kyushu University, Japan, explored alternatives to the traditional method of sourcing heparin from pig intestines. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira told \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e that over 80 percent of the medicinal substance in heparin is currently derived from pigs, primarily in China. A 40 percent reduction in pig populations due to African swine fever has raised concerns about supply stability and quality control. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eKamihira’s team emphasizes the potential of bioengineering, which could reduce reliance on animal tissues, improve safety, and allow for the production of customized heparin for specific treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Kamihira, the production process faces obstacles related to purification and contamination, especially when mammalian cells are used in recombinant systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable, and bioengineering offers a path to safer, more reliable heparin production.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T45e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strategies-for-heparin-production\"\u003eStrategies for heparin production\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Kamihira\u0026#8217;s work, Professor Susan Sharfstein from Albany University has made significant contributions to bioengineered heparin. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;My lab has focused on a different approach, modifying the heparan sulfate pathway in mammalian cells to create a bioengineered heparin,\u0026#8221; says Sharfsteinu. Initially, the team focused on CHO cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn collaboration with TEGA Therapeutics, she has also explored using mastocytoma cells, which have shown superior anticoagulant activity. While mastocytoma cells could lead to better results, scaling their production is more challenging than with CHO cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSharfstein points to two main approaches in heparin production: Chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. While chemical synthesis is complex and costly, chemoenzymatic methods, which start with bacterial-derived heparosan and then use enzymes to modify it into heparin, are more affordable and scalable. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T5a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHer team continues to explore new ways to optimize these processes and reduce costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-looking-ahead\"\u003eLooking ahead\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Recent advances in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and metabolic engineering have enabled the precise characterization of heparin derivatives and bioengineered heparins, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These developments offer promising opportunities to explore novel therapeutic applications,\u0026#8221; says Kamihira.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists highlight the critical role of enzyme modification in heparin production. By optimizing the cellular enzymes responsible for heparin synthesis and carefully controlling their output, researchers can improve production efficiency. Enhanced enzyme performance can accelerate production processes and reduce overall manufacturing costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-century-of-heparin\"\u003eA century of heparin\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2016, the International Journal of Cardiology published a collection of reviews marking the 100th anniversary of heparin\u0026#8217;s discovery, and in 2017, a \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/204858705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edocumentary\u003c/a\u003e highlighted its impact. Among those sharing their stories was Spanish water polo player Jennifer Pareja, who attributed her recovery from a blood clot at age 17 to the life-saving properties of heparin.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T1d0b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS region\u0026#039;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have recently introduced a new, highly accurate method for quantifying carbon capture in salt marshes.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US region\u0026#039;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists have recently introduced a new, highly accurate method for quantifying carbon capture in salt marshes.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T13:28:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T17:35:47+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/saltmarhes.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"87:T13e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have demonstrated that New England’s salt marshes sequester carbon equivalent to the emissions of roughly 10 million cars within their top meter of soil. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, their research suggests these marshes capture additional carbon annually, comparable to the emissions from approximately 15,000 more cars each year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst quantified carbon capture in the Northeast’s salt marshes using a new, highly accurate method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent study is expected to pave the way toward meeting the challenges of a warming world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tidal-marshes-can-increase-their-carbon-storage\"\u003eTidal marshes can increase their carbon storage\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The amazing thing about tidal marshes, from a climate \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperspective\u003c/a\u003e is that they can continuously increase their carbon storage. They don’t fill up,\u0026#8221; said Wenxiu Teng, lead author of the paper and a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Earth, Geographic and Climate Sciences (EGCS) at UMass Amherst.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers revealed that the ocean stores nearly a third of industrial carbon dioxide emissions, and there is a growing global \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eappreciation\u003c/a\u003e for the role that coastal ecosystems like salt marshes play as carbon sinks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is because wave-by-wave, tide-by-tide, storm-by-storm, new layers of carbon-trapping sediment are continually stored in the thick salt marsh grasses, according to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-researchers-collected-410-soil-samples\"\u003eResearchers collected 410 soil samples\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs glaciers continue to melt, salt marshes grow vertically in order to keep up with rising sea \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elevels\u003c/a\u003e, thus storing even more carbon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, the \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JG008254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) from satellite data to analyze spatial patterns of water depth and vegetative vigor across salt marshes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://farmonaut.com/usa/unlocking-blue-carbon-how-massachusetts-salt-marshes-combat-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecollected\u003c/a\u003e 410 soil samples from 19 sites ranging from Long Island Sound to the Gulf of Maine, representing various locations within each salt marsh. By comparing satellite NDWI data from multiple seasons and tidal levels with their field samples, the researchers identified specific conditions where satellite data closely matched field measurements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Salt marshes are far more persistent carbon \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-first-carbon-14-diamond-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esinks\u003c/a\u003e than forests or other terrestrial sites,\u0026#8221; said Brian Yellen, Massachusetts’s state geologist, research assistant professor at UMass Amherst and one of the paper’s co-authors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;There are many people who are excited about technological solutions to scrub carbon from the atmosphere, but here we have a natural one that works, and works very well, right now. Our work helps to clarify the size of this natural carbon sink and provides a method that is scalable to other regions of the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-carbon-bomb\"\u003ePotential carbon bomb\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s work also holds a warning—that 10 million cars’ worth of carbon is also a potential carbon bomb. If the salt marshes are disturbed or their natural processes altered, they could release all those greenhouse gasses, exacerbating climate change, rather than helping to naturally mitigate it, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1073667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;If salt marshes were to degrade due to the combined threats of local environmental stressors and global climate change,\u0026#8221; said Yellen. \u0026#8220;They would become huge sources of carbon emissions.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We started looking at the satellite data plotted against the field samples, and we had this ‘a-ha!’ moment,\u0026#8221; added Yellen. The team could clearly see that there were particular tidal conditions and times of year when the satellite data closely tracked the data they had gathered in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It’s really all about inundation at high-tide — that’s when you want the satellite to capture the picture,\u0026#8221; concluded Yellen.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:Tc99,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tidal-marshes-can-increase-their-carbon-storage\"\u003eTidal marshes can increase their carbon storage\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The amazing thing about tidal marshes, from a climate \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-1st-carbon-removal-facility-to-capture-30000-tons-of-co2-over-decade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eperspective\u003c/a\u003e is that they can continuously increase their carbon storage. They don’t fill up,\u0026#8221; said Wenxiu Teng, lead author of the paper and a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Earth, Geographic and Climate Sciences (EGCS) at UMass Amherst.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers revealed that the ocean stores nearly a third of industrial carbon dioxide emissions, and there is a growing global \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eappreciation\u003c/a\u003e for the role that coastal ecosystems like salt marshes play as carbon sinks. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is because wave-by-wave, tide-by-tide, storm-by-storm, new layers of carbon-trapping sediment are continually stored in the thick salt marsh grasses, according to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-researchers-collected-410-soil-samples\"\u003eResearchers collected 410 soil samples\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs glaciers continue to melt, salt marshes grow vertically in order to keep up with rising sea \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lotus-inspired-device-efficient-co2-conversion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elevels\u003c/a\u003e, thus storing even more carbon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, the \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JG008254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) from satellite data to analyze spatial patterns of water depth and vegetative vigor across salt marshes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearchers \u003ca href=\"https://farmonaut.com/usa/unlocking-blue-carbon-how-massachusetts-salt-marshes-combat-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecollected\u003c/a\u003e 410 soil samples from 19 sites ranging from Long Island Sound to the Gulf of Maine, representing various locations within each salt marsh. By comparing satellite NDWI data from multiple seasons and tidal levels with their field samples, the researchers identified specific conditions where satellite data closely matched field measurements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Salt marshes are far more persistent carbon \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/worlds-first-carbon-14-diamond-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esinks\u003c/a\u003e than forests or other terrestrial sites,\u0026#8221; said Brian Yellen, Massachusetts’s state geologist, research assistant professor at UMass Amherst and one of the paper’s co-authors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;There are many people who are excited about technological solutions to scrub carbon from the atmosphere, but here we have a natural one that works, and works very well, right now. Our work helps to clarify the size of this natural carbon sink and provides a method that is scalable to other regions of the world.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T44b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-carbon-bomb\"\u003ePotential carbon bomb\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team’s work also holds a warning—that 10 million cars’ worth of carbon is also a potential carbon bomb. If the salt marshes are disturbed or their natural processes altered, they could release all those greenhouse gasses, exacerbating climate change, rather than helping to naturally mitigate it, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1073667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;If salt marshes were to degrade due to the combined threats of local environmental stressors and global climate change,\u0026#8221; said Yellen. \u0026#8220;They would become huge sources of carbon emissions.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;We started looking at the satellite data plotted against the field samples, and we had this ‘a-ha!’ moment,\u0026#8221; added Yellen. The team could clearly see that there were particular tidal conditions and times of year when the satellite data closely tracked the data they had gathered in the field.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T1f58,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS Army tests M10 Booker infantry support tank for Arctic deployment\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Designed as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is undergoing tests in harsh weather conditions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-tests-m10-booker-arctic-deployment\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US Army tests M10 Booker infantry support tank for Arctic deployment\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Designed as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is undergoing tests in harsh weather conditions.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-tests-m10-booker-arctic-deployment\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T13:21:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T13:24:12+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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The information was made public by Peter George, the product manager of the Booker combat vehicle, through a post on social media.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Army is also increasing its Arctic operations to improve readiness in extreme conditions. Training exercises like Arctic Forge 25 will involve 330 US Soldiers from the 11th Airborne and 10th Mountain Divisions, along with 40 Canadian soldiers and 500 Finnish personnel. Additionally, 110 Soldiers from the 41st Field Artillery Brigade will be deployed to Norway to test long-range precision fire in Arctic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-challenges-and-opportunities-in-arctic-military-operations\"\u003eNew challenges and opportunities in Arctic military operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/greenland-gambit-trump-plans-arctic-military\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eArctic\u003c/a\u003e region’s extreme cold, low precipitation, and widespread permafrost pose operational challenges, requiring specialized equipment and training. Hence, the US military\u0026#8217;s focus on Arctic operations also boosts homeland defense by improving early warning systems and rapid response capabilities against potential northern hemisphere threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDesigned as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is on top of US Army\u0026#8217;s modernization priorities. The military plans to acquire over 500 units for this role. The M10 Booker was first tested as a prototype in 2020, with US Army Yuma Proving Ground’s Jade Janis serving as the test officer for the selected entrant. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Janis, the M10 Booker is a lightweight infantry vehicle similar in weight to a Bradley, but with a larger weapon. \u0026#8220;The intent is to be able to rapidly deploy them with an infantry combat brigade: you should be able to fit two of them in a C-17,\u0026#8221; Janis \u003ca href=\"https://www.army.mil/article/283010/m10_booker_tested_at_us_army_yuma_proving_ground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplains\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker also offers direct fire support for Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) against fortified positions and light armored threats. Weighing between 38 and 42 tonnes, it is classified as an armored infantry support vehicle or assault gun, rather than a light tank, as it lacks the armor and firepower needed for direct engagement with enemy main battle tanks.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m10-booker-to-play-key-role-in-army-s-shift-to-division-centric-operations\"\u003eM10 Booker to play key role in Army\u0026#8217;s shift to division-centric operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn June 2022, the M10 Booker was selected as part of the Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF) program. The first production units were delivered in February 2024. The Army plans to acquire the units under a contract potentially worth $1.14 billion, with each M10 Booker estimated to cost around $13.95 million. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker is powered by an MTU 8V199 TE23 diesel engine, delivering 800 horsepower, marking the first use of an MTU serial production engine in a US Army land system in over 40 years. The engine is part of the PowerPack system, which includes transmission, cooling, and filtration components designed to support performance in various terrains, including Arctic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The World’s Best Tank: M1 Abrams Battle Tank\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/v4inbgmbUD8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is equipped with a 105mm M35 tank gun, a 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun, and a 7.62mm M240B machine gun, making it ideal for infantry support. Unlike the M2 Bradley, which is better for mechanized infantry with its troop capacity and missile armament, the M10 Booker offers superior direct-fire capabilities. It has a top speed of 64 km/h, a range of 560 km, and modular armor for protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker features an advanced fire control system from the M1A2 Abrams, along with a hydropneumatic suspension and high-tech optics to improve targeting and situational awareness, capabilities that can prove invaluable for the US Army in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-adds-cold-weather-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecomplex\u003c/a\u003e and dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T5df,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-challenges-and-opportunities-in-arctic-military-operations\"\u003eNew challenges and opportunities in Arctic military operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/greenland-gambit-trump-plans-arctic-military\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eArctic\u003c/a\u003e region’s extreme cold, low precipitation, and widespread permafrost pose operational challenges, requiring specialized equipment and training. Hence, the US military\u0026#8217;s focus on Arctic operations also boosts homeland defense by improving early warning systems and rapid response capabilities against potential northern hemisphere threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDesigned as an armored infantry support vehicle rather than a battle tank, the M10 Booker is on top of US Army\u0026#8217;s modernization priorities. The military plans to acquire over 500 units for this role. The M10 Booker was first tested as a prototype in 2020, with US Army Yuma Proving Ground’s Jade Janis serving as the test officer for the selected entrant. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Janis, the M10 Booker is a lightweight infantry vehicle similar in weight to a Bradley, but with a larger weapon. \u0026#8220;The intent is to be able to rapidly deploy them with an infantry combat brigade: you should be able to fit two of them in a C-17,\u0026#8221; Janis \u003ca href=\"https://www.army.mil/article/283010/m10_booker_tested_at_us_army_yuma_proving_ground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexplains\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T510,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker also offers direct fire support for Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) against fortified positions and light armored threats. Weighing between 38 and 42 tonnes, it is classified as an armored infantry support vehicle or assault gun, rather than a light tank, as it lacks the armor and firepower needed for direct engagement with enemy main battle tanks.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-m10-booker-to-play-key-role-in-army-s-shift-to-division-centric-operations\"\u003eM10 Booker to play key role in Army\u0026#8217;s shift to division-centric operations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn June 2022, the M10 Booker was selected as part of the Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF) program. The first production units were delivered in February 2024. The Army plans to acquire the units under a contract potentially worth $1.14 billion, with each M10 Booker estimated to cost around $13.95 million. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker is powered by an MTU 8V199 TE23 diesel engine, delivering 800 horsepower, marking the first use of an MTU serial production engine in a US Army land system in over 40 years. The engine is part of the PowerPack system, which includes transmission, cooling, and filtration components designed to support performance in various terrains, including Arctic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T576,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The World’s Best Tank: M1 Abrams Battle Tank\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/v4inbgmbUD8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is equipped with a 105mm M35 tank gun, a 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun, and a 7.62mm M240B machine gun, making it ideal for infantry support. Unlike the M2 Bradley, which is better for mechanized infantry with its troop capacity and missile armament, the M10 Booker offers superior direct-fire capabilities. It has a top speed of 64 km/h, a range of 560 km, and modular armor for protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe M10 Booker features an advanced fire control system from the M1A2 Abrams, along with a hydropneumatic suspension and high-tech optics to improve targeting and situational awareness, capabilities that can prove invaluable for the US Army in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-adds-cold-weather-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecomplex\u003c/a\u003e and dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T1a4a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLas Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Watch Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?! on Interesting Engineering. Explore the latest in technology!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/las-vegas-architecture-is-ingenious-but-is-it-good\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Watch Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?! on Interesting Engineering. 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"402\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T11:18:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T1396,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T548,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpace organizations are looking for innovative ways to achieve their missions with improved sustainability and lower costs, so cheaper, lighter solar cells would be appealing. According to the company, its \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew solar cells\u003c/a\u003e are thin enough to benefit from mass production alongside terrestrial ones, while retaining the efficiency, stability, and robustness to survive in space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-backed-by-australian-space-agency\"\u003eBacked by Australian Space Agency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company explains that the main barrier to making solar cells thinner so far has been the need for them to survive the extreme atmospheric conditions in the orbit. This includes hazards like radiation, temperature fluctuations, and vacuum environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo this end, Extraterrestrial Power set out to develop solar cells that meet the high standards demanded for the technology. Backed, in part, by the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/australia-invites-public-input-to-design-first-lunar-rover-arm?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAustralian Space Agency\u003c/a\u003e’s moon to Mars supply chain program, the company has now achieved what was once thought impossible.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T8d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are primarily focusing on utilizing the large investments in terrestrial solar for space, which has tremendous value for space,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2025/02/14/skys-the-limit-for-mass-produced-space-grade-solar-cell-innovation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Peter Toth chief executive officer and co-founder of Extraterrestrial Power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could Solar Panels in Space Solve all Our Energy Needs?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1QYrSv42M6E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Importantly, we are only utilizing technologies that allow high throughput manufacturing, which enables satellites being manufactured in high volumes necessary for low earth orbit (LEO) constellations,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company first demonstrated its solar cells on Caltech’s space-based solar power \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexperiment in 2023\u003c/a\u003e. This experiment made history by wirelessly transmitting power in space and beaming it to Earth for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat was shortly followed in 2024 when the cells took a ride-share on \u003ca href=\"http://waratahseed.space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWaratah Seed.\u003c/a\u003e The New South Wales government supported this mission with various cutting-edge technologies on board.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-making-solar-cells-in-space\"\u003eMaking solar cells in space\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Since thin solar cells use less materials, but we still need to maintain high efficiencies, they will have applications on Earth for lightweight usage initially—and wider uses later,\u0026#8221; Toth explained.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T1d34,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina\u0026#039;s Geely unveils new hybrid EV with 770-mile range, smart cockpit\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Galaxy L7 EM-i sets a new standard for hybrid vehicles with its impressive range, intelligent features, and cutting-edge design.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u0026#039;s Geely unveils new hybrid EV with 770-mile range, smart cockpit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Galaxy L7 EM-i sets a new standard for hybrid vehicles with its impressive range, intelligent features, and cutting-edge design.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:56:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:57:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-95.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:Tfa6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T5b2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the car\u0026#8217;s battery can be charged from 30% to 80% in just 20 minutes using fast charging, while a full charge with a standard charger takes between 2.7 and 3 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-offers-two-hybrid-powertrain-options\"\u003eNew Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i offers two hybrid powertrain options\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i is powered by Geely’s latest NordThor EM-i hybrid technology, available in two configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first option is a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine producing 82 kW (110 hp) and 136 Nm of torque, paired with a 160 kW (215 hp) electric motor and an E-DHT transmission. It is equipped with an 18.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, delivering a CLTC pure electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe second option features a 1.5T engine generating 120 kW (161 hp) and 255 Nm of torque, combined with a 107 kW (143 hp) electric motor and a 3DHT pro transmission. It uses an 18.7 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, also offering a CLTC electric range of 115 km.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://carnewschina.com/2025/02/15/geely-galaxy-l7-em-i-phev-with-1240-km-range-launched-starting-at-16000-usd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGeely Galaxy L7 EM-i\u003c/a\u003e is equipped with the Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, featuring a four-spoke steering wheel and a 16.2-inch co-pilot entertainment screen as standard across all models. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T75d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe system supports dual-screen linkage, multi-tasking, CarLink, and Hicar mobile phone connectivity. Notably, Geely opted for the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip to power the cockpit, instead of its own Dragon Eagle-1 chip.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-next-gen-smart-cars-with-advanced-ai-capabilities\"\u003eNext-gen smart cars with advanced AI capabilities\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, the Chinese EV maker made headlines by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epartnering\u003c/a\u003e with artificial intelligence company DeepSeek to integrate its R1 LLM model with the next generation of smart cars. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe automaker will now conduct distillation training on its Xingrui car control FunctionCall AI model using DeepSeek’s R1, enhancing the smaller model’s performance by leveraging outputs from a more advanced AI system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Geely\u0026#039;s Radar RD6: China\u0026#039;s Electric Truck Rivaling Tesla\u0026#039;s Cybertruck\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OcPCD_DgyX8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn January 11, Geely introduced the Xingrui AI model, which was described as the world’s first fully self-developed, full-scenario AI big model in the automotive industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCloud computing and AI are increasingly being used in China’s automotive industry to enhance the performance of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and provide more personalized driving experiences.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:T1e94,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A newly developed optical device promises to significantly enhance LIGO\u0026#039;s ability to detect gravitational waves by boosting laser power.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"180\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-16T10:02:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T16d4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is one of the most powerful scientific equipment for detecting gravitational waves. Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T5ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Achieving greater quantum-noise-limited sensitivity to spacetime strain hinges on achieving higher circulating laser power, in excess of 1 MW, in conjunction with highly squeezed quantum states of light,” authors of a study \u003ca href=\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUntil now, there has been no way to make this happen, but a new study presents a prototype optical device that promises to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eboost LIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s laser power to levels never achieved before. “We demonstrate the potential of new adaptive optical technology to expand the detection horizon of gravitational-wave observatories,” the researchers said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-the-optical-instrument-work\"\u003eHow does the optical instrument work?\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed prototype employs non-imaging optical principles that have never been applied to detect gravitational waves.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNon-imaging optical principles are optical techniques that manipulate light without forming a traditional image, unlike lenses or mirrors used in cameras and telescopes. They are often used to control light distribution, beam shape, or energy transfer rather than focusing on visual resolution.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T74c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument developed by the researchers uses these techniques to apply precise optical corrections directly to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLIGO\u003c/a\u003e’s main mirrors. It is positioned just a few centimeters in front of the mirror’s surface, where it projects ultra-low-noise infrared radiation to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Explained\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XJ-lgnkovMc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers tested the performance of their instrument using simulations for LIGO A+, the next-generation \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-can-surpass-quantum-limit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eupgrade of LIGO\u003c/a\u003e. They assumed the system was running with a 125-watt laser and a special quantum noise reduction technique at a level of 9 dB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir results showed that this new technology could lower background noise in the detector by up to 20% in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 5 kHz. This means LIGO would be able to \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ultralow-frequency-gravitational-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edetect gravitational waves\u003c/a\u003e even from merging neutron stars that are about 4 megaparsecs (roughly 13 million light-years) farther away than before.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T662,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-new-approach-isn-t-just-limited-to-ligo\"\u003eThe new approach isn’t just limited to LIGO\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe US also has plans to make a gravitational wave detector 10 times the size of LIGO. The proposed observatory is named \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ethe Cosmic Explorer\u003c/a\u003e, and if everything goes as planned, it will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/4/90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoperational in the 2030s\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis 40\u0026#215;40 km facility will allow us to “see the universe at earlier times than when the first stars are believed to have formed when the universe was about 0.1% of its present 14-billion-year age,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Cosmic Explorer will also require lasers far more powerful than those of LIGO, and this is where the proposed optical technology could play an important role.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt has the potential to provide Cosmic Explorer with all the laser power needed to dive deep into the universe’s unsolved mysteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eApart from allowing us to detect gravitational waves, the “research promises to answer some of the deepest questions in physics and cosmology, such as how fast the universe is expanding and the true nature of black holes,” the study authors added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T1cbf,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMarvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. Here are some.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sade Agard\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/726f533151570d651a8deadcfb7d2a09\"},\"headline\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\"},\"wordCount\":1796,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of red planet\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Mars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most dazzling and extreme geological features within our solar system. 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Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:Tad7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to missions like \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-perseverance-rover-new-study-confirms-ancient-lake-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ePerseverance\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/curiosity-rover-probes-mars-watery-past-in-ancient-channel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCuriosity\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasa-making-last-ditch-attempt-to-wake-opportunity-rover-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eOpportunity\u003c/a\u003e, more of Mars\u0026#8217; geological features continue to be revealed. Some of which are landmarks when it comes to signs of water and potential Martian life. \u003cem\u003eInteresting Engineering\u003c/em\u003e (IE) walks you through ten spectacular geological features on Mars so you can decide which one astounds you the most.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-olympus-mons-tallest-volcano-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e1. Olympus Mons: Tallest volcano in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"810\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141394\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=300,190 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck_c76129.png?resize=768,486 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA satellite image showing Olympus Mons on Mars. Source:\u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_-_ESA_Mars_Express_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Luck.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDubbed the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons stands at a height of 72,000 feet (13.6 miles). Located in the western hemisphere of Mars, between the Tharsis and Amazonis Planitia volcanic regions, Olympus Mons beats the Mount Everest by almost three times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOlympus Mons is a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-types-of-volcanoes-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-two-major-groups-and-more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eshield volcano\u003c/a\u003e that formed from a succession of lava flows over billions of years. Many scientists agree that the volcano began forming during Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian Period—around 3.7 to 3 billion years ago.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:Taa9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike the volcanoes of Earth, Olympus Mons keeps growing because there are no plate tectonics on Mars. This means the lava does not get displaced but accumulates in one place. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe base of Olympus Mons measures nearly 373 miles (600 kilometers)—that\u0026#8217;s about the width of Italy or the Philippines! The structure itself implies that Mars was very active in its geological past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-valles-marineris-largest-canyon-system-in-our-solar-system\"\u003e2. Valles Marineris: Largest canyon system in our solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141395\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Mars_Valles_Marineris_ef47e2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eValles Marineris stretches over 2,500 miles across Mars. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/USGS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eValles Marineris is a massive canyon system—the largest in our solar system. It\u0026#8217;s around 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) long, which equates to being roughly ten times longer than the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/skydiver-towed-out-of-grand-canyon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/a\u003e and five times deeper than it. Better yet, if Valles Marineris existed on Earth, it would be longer than the US.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBased near Mars\u0026#8217; Equator, Valles Marineris is believed to have formed due to tectonic activity on the planet. Over time, landslides, erosion, and ancient water flow may have widened and deepened the valley. The canyon features some of the deepest sections plunging to almost 4.3 miles (7 kilometers). With ancient rock exposed, these offer clues about the planet\u0026#8217;s geological history, past climate and water.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:Td5a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tharsis-volcanoes-ascraeus-mons-pavonis-mons-and-arsia-mons\"\u003e3. Tharsis Volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141397\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Tharsis-PIA02049_153a2b.jpg?resize=300,250 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eThe Tharsis volcanoes. Arsia Mons at the bottom, Pavonis Mons at the center, and Ascraeus Mons at the top. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02049\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tharsis Volcanoes are a group of colossal shield volcanoes on Mars. They form part of our solar system\u0026#8217;s largest volcanic region—the Tharsis volcanic plateau.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis plateau covers around 25% of Mars\u0026#8217; surface and is home to Olympus Mons. The region also includes the volcanoes Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. From space, these three volcanoes are arranged in an almost straight line along Mars\u0026#8217; equator. The formation of these volcanoes is remarkably different compared to Earth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs mentioned earlier, Mars does not have \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/earth-plate-tectonics-major-boundaries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etectonic plates\u003c/a\u003e. This means lava accumulates in the same place repeatedly for billions of years, allowing volcanos to rise to extraordinary heights. Many scientists believe the Tharsis region\u0026#8217;s volcanic activity influenced Mars\u0026#8217; climate, air and even surface fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-hellas-planitia-one-of-the-largest-impact-basins-in-the-solar-system\"\u003e4. Hellas Planitia: One of the largest impact basins in the solar system\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141398\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg 1112w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Hellas_MOLA_zoom_64_medium_84fa0c.jpg?resize=768,707 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eTopographic map of Hellas Planitia and its surroundings in the southern uplands. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHellas Planitia is among the deepest and largest impact basins in the solar system. It is positioned in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is roughly 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide. It also marks the lowest point of Mars, as it plunges up to 4.3 miles (7 kilometers) below its surroundings.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T8fd,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is thought that Hellas Planitia developed about four billion years ago—during the Noachian Period—when a colossal asteroid smashed into Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt was during this time that Mars experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/11-of-earths-largest-impact-craters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eLate Heavy Bombardment (LHB)\u003c/a\u003e—a period of intense asteroid bombardment in the early solar system. Scientists theorize that the Hellas Planitia was then shaped by volcanism, wind, ice, and possibly ancient water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, due to its depth, Hellas Planitia possesses a more substantial atmosphere than most sites on Mars. This results in greater air pressure with frost or fog occasionally witnessed in the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-medusae-fossae-formation-giant-wind-eroded-deposits\"\u003e5. Medusae Fossae Formation: Giant wind-eroded deposits\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"725\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141400\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=300,212 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS_dd8d5a.png?resize=768,544 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eAn infrared image mosaic of the Medusae Fossae Formation from the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter mission. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medusae_Fossae_based_on_day_THEMIS.png\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/NASA/Chmee2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic feature of Mars that spans over two million square miles (five million square kilometers). It is made up of giant wind-eroded deposits and is near the planet\u0026#8217;s equator. MFF is thought to be roughly three billion years old which corresponds to Mars\u0026#8217; Hesperian period. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T92e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-gale-crater-3-8-billion-year-old-impact-crater\"\u003e6. Gale Crater: 3.8 billion-year-old impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141401\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Curiosity_Cradled_by_Gale_Crater_897bca.jpg?resize=768,480 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Curiosity rover (green dot) landed on the Gale Crater in 2012. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16058\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/MSSS \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGale Crater is the name of a huge impact crater on Mars with a diameter of approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). Scientist estimate it to be between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old. One leading theory suggests Gale Crater was the result of a large comet or asteroid colluding against Mars during the Noachian or early Hesperian periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe center of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mars-jezero-crater-organic-materials\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eGale Crater\u003c/a\u003e contains Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons)—an 18,000-foot (5.5 kilometers) mountain composed of sedimentary rock. Scientists speculate that the presence of these sedimentary deposits is evidence of ancient lakes and rivers. Sulfate deposits and minerals suggest liquid water once existed in the Gale Crater, potentially creating habitable conditions for microbial life.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNASA’s Curiosity rover has been actively exploring Gale Crater since 2012. Its mission involves studying the Gale Crater\u0026#8217;s rock layers and seeking organic compounds. Since its landing, the rover has aided scientists in figuring out the multiple stages of how Mars transitioned from a warmer and wetter planet to the cold and dry world of today.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T8e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-utopia-planitia-a-plain-with-the-solar-system-s-largest-impact-crater\"\u003e7. Utopia Planitia: A plain with the solar system\u0026#8217;s largest impact crater\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"512\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141402\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg 478w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Ice_on_Mars_Utopia_Planitia_PIA00571-2.jpg?resize=280,300 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eFrosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00571\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUtopia Planitia is a large plain within Utopia—the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the solar system. Situated on the planet\u0026#8217;s northern hemisphere, it has an estimated diameter of 2,100 miles (3,300 kilometers), which is roughly larger than the combined areas of Alaska and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists estimate Utopia Planitia to be around 3.5 billion years old, corresponding to the Noachian-Hesperian transition on Mars. After \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/unusual-circles-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNASA\u0026#8217;s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)\u003c/a\u003e detected buried water ice beneath its surface in 2016, scientists believe Utopia Planitia may have once contained a shallow ocean or vast glacial deposits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the region is known for being the landing site of NASA’s Viking 2 lander in 1976, which did some of the earliest tests for Martian life. More recently, China’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/chinas-rover-uncovers-evidence-of-mars-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZhurong rover\u003c/a\u003e visited Utopia Planitia in 2021, producing new details about the planet’s climate history and subsurface composition.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:Tf3d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-noctis-labyrinthus-a-740-mile-labyrinth\"\u003e8. Noctis Labyrinthus: A 740-mile labyrinth\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"909\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141403\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg 1280w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1280px-Noctis_Labyrinthus_THEMIS_day_IR_v11.5_0.5_51c564.jpg?resize=768,545 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eHigh-resolution THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Noctis Labyrinthus and its surroundings. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://jmars.asu.edu/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNoctis Labyrinthus is a vast network of canyons and valleys on Mars located between Tharsis and the Valles Marineris. It extends 740 miles (1,190 kilometers) in length and resembles a labyrinth. The valleys of Noctis Labyrinthus have a depth of up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) and reveal ancient Martian rock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists believe that the landscape has also been shaped by past water activity, wind erosion, and landslides. Hydrated minerals detected through orbital observation suggest the presence of liquid water in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe complex geology of Noctis Labyrinthus paired with the possibility of ancient water makes this a prime target area for future exploration. Understanding this area could increase our understanding of Martian tectonics and the possibility of past habitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-cerberus-fossae-enormous-620-mile-fissures\"\u003e9. Cerberus Fossae: Enormous 620-mile fissures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141404\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg 1024w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1024px-Cerberus_Fossae_with_HiRISE_f331af.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eCloseup of several troughs in the Cerberus Fossae, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u0026#8217;s HiRISE camera. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_007131_1905\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCerberus Fossae is located in the southeastern part of Mars and is characterized by a set of semi-parallel fissures that spread 620 miles (1000 kilometers) across the planet. Some researchers believe that the fissures could be a source of subsurface ice, or liquid water which brings up further questions on habitability.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:T98c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fissures are estimated to be between 2 and 10 million years old, which is relatively young in geological terms. Scientists hypothesize that these fissures are the product of tectonic activity such as \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/penetrometer-viscosity-map-volcano-lava-flow\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elava flows\u003c/a\u003e, and the potential presence of underground water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/nasas-insight-lander-heart-of-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eInSight lander\u003c/a\u003e, which stands for \u0026#8216;Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,\u0026#8217; was able to detect marsquakes, suggesting that Mars is still seismically active.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-reull-vallis-an-ancient-dry-riverbed\"\u003e10. Reull Vallis: An ancient, dry riverbed\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"457\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-141405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg 618w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Reull_Vallisl_layers_b6b99e.jpeg?resize=300,222 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eLayers in Reull Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reull_Vallisl_layers.JPG\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWikimedia Commons/Jim Secosky/NASA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is an ancient, dry riverbed located on Mars\u0026#8217; surface which stretches approximately 930 miles (1,500 kilometers) through the Promethei Terra region. Researchers believe that liquid water carved it out of the surface billions of years ago, making its location crucial in the exploration of Mars’ hydrologic history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe valley\u0026#8217;s steep walls follow a winding course, resembling meandering river channels found on Earth. Its ridged floor has rough, grooved patterns indicating that \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/thwaites-glacier-melting-at-alarming-rate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eglacial\u003c/a\u003e action most likely occurred. One theory is that it was carved by the flow of water which was once present in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T2111,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eQuantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \u0026quot;quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"},\"wordCount\":552,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"caption\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties. (Image courtesy of Zhong Lab)\\n\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"memory storage\",\"Quantum\",\"quantum battery\",\"quantum computer\",\"rare earth\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"name\":\"Quantum-inspired technique transforms crystal gaps into terabyte storage\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T16:50:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"UChicago Pritzker Molecular Engineering researchers created a \\\"quantum-inspired” revolution in microelectronics, storing classical computer memory in crystal gaps where atoms should be.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/terrabytedata.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties. (Image courtesy of Zhong Lab)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Terabytes of data in a millimeter crystal: New technique can transform microelectronics\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"contact@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"358\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:48:06+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T1407,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have developed a method to store data using crystal defects as ones and zeroes, each the size of an individual atom.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUChicago PME Assistant Professor Tian Zhong explained that each memory cell is created from a single missing atom, or defect. This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T6a9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quantum-methods-revolutionize-classical-computing\"\u003eQuantum methods revolutionize classical computing \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe innovation showcases UChicago PME\u0026#8217;s interdisciplinary approach by applying quantum techniques to transform classical, non-quantum computers. It repurposes research originally focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices typically used to measure radiation exposure for hospital workers \u0026#8211; into revolutionary microelectronic memory storage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to first author Leonardo França, a postdoctoral researcher in Zhong\u0026#8217;s lab, they integrated solid-state physics used in radiation dosimetry with research focused on quantum science, even though their work is not purely quantum. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the development of groundbreaking microelectronic \u003ca href=\"https://phys.org/news/2025-02-quantum-advancement-crystal-gaps-terabyte.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ememory storage\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher further adds that their work bridges \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equantum\u003c/a\u003e and optical data storage, meeting the need for better quantum systems and improved classical memory storage. The research began during França\u0026#8217;s Ph.D. studies at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, where he focused on radiation dosimeters \u0026#8211; devices that passively monitor radiation exposure for workers in hospitals, synchrotrons, and other radiation facilities. These materials can absorb radiation and store the exposure information for a specific period.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T5b8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrança explained that when the crystal absorbs enough energy, it releases electrons and holes, which are then captured by the defects. This information can be read by releasing the electrons and detecting them optically. Recognizing its potential for memory storage, França brought this non-quantum approach to Zhong\u0026#8217;s quantum laboratory, leading to the interdisciplinary \u003ca href=\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003einnovation\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rare-earths-enhance-memory-storage-with-powerful-optical-properties\"\u003eRare earths enhance memory storage with powerful optical properties\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo develop this innovative memory storage technique, the team incorporated rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, into a crystal. They specifically used praseodymium and an yttrium oxide crystal, though the process they developed can be applied to a variety of materials, utilizing the powerful and flexible optical properties of rare earth \u003ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0635/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eelements\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs França further explains, rare earth elements exhibit specific electronic transitions that allow for the selection of precise laser excitation wavelengths for optical control, ranging from UV to near-infrared regimes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T5aa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quantum computers vs. classical computers\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/HUxEa77xdFI?start=3\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to dosimeters, which are activated by X-rays or gamma rays, this storage device is triggered by a simple ultraviolet laser. The laser excites the lanthanides, causing them to release electrons. These electrons are captured by defects in the oxide crystal, such as gaps where a single oxygen atom is missing. The technique leverages these inherent defects, which are found in both natural and artificial crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile crystal defects are commonly used in quantum research to create \u0026#8220;qubits,\u0026#8221; the UChicago PME team discovered a new application. They successfully controlled which defects were charged and which weren’t, designating charged gaps as \u0026#8220;ones\u0026#8221; and uncharged gaps as “zeros”, with the innovation transforming the crystal into a highly efficient memory storage device, surpassing previous limits in classical computing.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T1f7b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eReverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: Chinese scientists find new way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese researchers have developed a technique which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries to give them new life.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:33:46+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Christopher McFadden\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"607\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:32:02+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T1435,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T45e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new technology relies on a lithium carrier molecule, which can be injected into old batteries to replenish lost lithium ions. Likened to precision surgery in human beings, this new method could extend battery life and offer important benefits for reducing battery waste and environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-surgery-for-lithium-batteries\"\u003eRegenerative \u0026#8216;surgery\u0026#8217; for lithium batteries\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Just like treating a human illness, we focused on repairing the battery\u0026#8217;s core issue while preserving its healthy components,\u0026#8221; Gao Yue from Fudan University explained. \u0026#8220;This carrier molecule can be \u0026#8216;injected\u0026#8217; into deteriorating batteries to precisely replenish lost lithium ions, providing a \u0026#8216;precision treatment\u0026#8217;,\u0026#8221; said Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The structure of this molecule is quite simple, with lithium electrons at one end and the rest of it acting like a vehicle that transports lithium electrons into the aging battery. The vehicle component is eventually discharged as gas,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T7dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe paper, published in the journal \u003cem\u003eNature,\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e explained that a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elithium-ion battery\u003c/a\u003e consists of a cathode, anode, and active lithium ions in between. The study noted that a typical battery is retired when it loses too many ions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our approach is to retain the cathode and anode, which are still functional while addressing the problematic part. We aimed to develop a transformative functional material that provides precise lithium-ion replenishment to significantly extend a battery\u0026#8217;s life span,\u0026#8221; noted Gao.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Big Problem of Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8CjbxW-llQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the team behind the technology, designing the carrier molecule was a significant challenge. With no existing examples, researchers had to use their imagination and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eartificial intelligence\u003c/a\u003e (AI).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finding-the-right-carrier-molecule\"\u003eFinding the right carrier molecule\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team noted that any candidate molecule had to meet a complex set of requirements to work. These include dissolving well in the battery\u0026#8217;s existing electrolyte and participating in reactions without damaging the battery.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T51e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt had to also be highly compatible with various active materials and electrolytes. To this end, the team used machine learning to identify potential candidates by digitizing molecular properties and utilizing extensive organic chemistry, electrochemistry, and materials engineering datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe result, CF3SO2Li, emerged as an ideal solution for the problem. It is relatively cheap, easy to make, and compatible with most mainstream batteries today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rigorous testing, the team found that batteries exposed to this new molecule retained near-production performance even after 12,000 to 60,000 charge-discharge cycles. This significantly improved industry standards from the current range of 500 and 2,000 cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The new solution not only delays battery retirement but also slashes resource waste and pollution,\u0026#8221; said Gao. “Whether extending the battery lifespan or preventing large-scale waste and environmental pollution, this ‘precision treatment’ offers a viable technical solution,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3298762/chinese-scientists-develop-injection-make-smartphone-and-ev-batteries-last-longer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eread\u003c/a\u003e a statement by Fudan University.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T1d9b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUnique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/04d17e51bc5c6742dc3271715a1d33e1\"},\"headline\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\"},\"wordCount\":484,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"name\":\"Unique 3D quasicrystal provides a glimpse into the fourth dimension\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"The new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal. 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This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T4d4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis crystal was first discovered in 1982 by an Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman. He proposed that a quasicrystal also has a repeating (periodic) structure, but not in the 3D space where we see it. Instead, its true periodic pattern exists in a higher-dimensional space, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elike 4D or beyond\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new study provides new insights into this fourth-dimensional aspect of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-getting-into-4d-via-quasicrystal-topology\"\u003eGetting into 4D via quasicrystal topology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study authors exposed a quasicrystal to electromagnetic waves and then studied the changes in their topology using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (2PPE).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNSOM is a technique that uses a tiny probe to scan a surface and capture super-detailed images, revealing features smaller than what normal light microscopes can capture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e2PPE, on the other hand, reveals how electrons behave in materials by exciting them with two photons and measuring their energy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:T56e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the researchers employed these techniques to examine the interference patterns of electromagnetic waves on a quasicrystal’s surface. The way these waves moved and interfered with each other revealed hidden \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-would-a-4d-sphere-look-like-in-real-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efingerprints of the fourth dimension\u003c/a\u003e in the structure of the quasicrystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor instance, at first, the patterns looked different, but surprisingly their topological properties in 2D were identical to the extent that they couldn\u0026#8217;t be told apart. The only way to distinguish them was by referring to a higher-dimensional crystal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws,” the study authors \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003enote\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-evidence-of-the-higher-dimension-influence\"\u003eMore evidence of the higher-dimension influence\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA couple of years after Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystal, two scientists Paul Steinhardt and Dov Levine provided theoretical models and frameworks that explained the properties of such crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T4f1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of their models suggests that quasicrystals can be understood as projections of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehigher-dimensional\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures into three-dimensional space. So basically concepts from four-dimensional crystals can explain some of their properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of the current study found something that resonates with Steinhardt and Levine’s theory. They noticed two noticed two surface waves appearing different and becoming identical within a timeframe of attoseconds (a billionth of a billionth of a second).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis finding hints that the surface wave patterns in 3D quasicrystals are influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/the-beginners-guide-to-4d-that-will-make-sense-of-the-dimension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ehidden 4D\u003c/a\u003e periodic structures. Hopefully, future studies will shed more light on this strange connection and open new doors to higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T1f57,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists create ‘gene switch’ to power cell therapy for diabetes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a new, highly effective \u0026quot;gene switch\u0026quot; to delivery targeted cell therapy. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists create ‘gene switch’ to power cell therapy for diabetes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have developed a new, highly effective \u0026quot;gene switch\u0026quot; to delivery targeted cell therapy. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-17T10:13:20+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-17T10:13:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-5_a16172.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\"},\"wordCount\":547,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-5_a16172.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A skin patch with nitroglycerine is the switch that controls an implant underneath (symbolic image). 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However, this system fails in diabetes. Therefore, researchers have been working to develop cell therapies that mimic this natural process for treatment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Cell therapies solve the problem in a similar way to the body,” said Professor of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering of ETH Zurich in Basel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-switch-activated-by-nitroglycerine\"\u003eSwitch activated by nitroglycerine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe body uses specialized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epancreatic cells\u003c/a\u003e to monitor blood sugar. The body regulates post-meal blood sugar spikes through a signaling cascade.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn diabetes, this system malfunctions, leading to high blood sugar.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDiabetics manually regulate their blood sugar with insulin injections, which is found to be a less precise method than the body\u0026#8217;s natural process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eETH researchers are engineering human cells with new gene networks to give them specialized functions. These modified cells are implanted under the skin. The key is controlling these cells with a switch.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOver the last few years, the team has created several control switches for implanted cells, including electrical, light-activated, and even music-triggered ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey\u0026#8217;ve now unveiled their latest innovation: a switch activated by nitroglycerine, the same medication used for chest pain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For me, this solution is the best gene switch that my group and I have built so far,” noted Fussenegger.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A potential cure for diabetes?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ryTyKJFnOv4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-cell-therapy-may-take-years\"\u003eThe cell therapy may take years \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ingredient can be easily delivered via a skin patch. Once the nitroglycerine diffuses into the skin, it comes into contact with the implanted, modified kidney cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe implanted cells transform the nitroglycerine into nitric oxide (NO), which causes the release of GLP-1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe chemical messenger GLP-1 stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, effectively regulating blood sugar. It also helps reduce appetite.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis switch uses only human components, thereby eliminating the risk of immune reactions or interference with the body\u0026#8217;s processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany pharmaceuticals treat the symptoms of a disease, much like using a hammer to try and fix a problem without understanding its origin. In contrast, cell therapies aim to address the root cause, functioning more like the body\u0026#8217;s own natural healing mechanisms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this development may take years to implement as developing cell therapies using gene switches is complex and time-consuming.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Developing a cell therapy to market maturity not only takes decades but also requires lots of staff and sufficient resources. There’s no shortcut,” said Fussenegger in the \u003ca href=\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese therapies hold the promise of precise, personalized treatment and potentially even cures for other metabolic diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That’s [diabetes cell therapy] the model disease we work with. Fundamentally, however, it’s also possible to develop cell therapies for other metabolic, autoimmune or even neurodegenerative diseases – in principle, for everything that requires dynamic regulation,” the researcher stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-025-01350-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Biomedical Engineering.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T4d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Cell therapies solve the problem in a similar way to the body,” said Professor of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering of ETH Zurich in Basel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-switch-activated-by-nitroglycerine\"\u003eSwitch activated by nitroglycerine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe body uses specialized \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epancreatic cells\u003c/a\u003e to monitor blood sugar. The body regulates post-meal blood sugar spikes through a signaling cascade.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn diabetes, this system malfunctions, leading to high blood sugar.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDiabetics manually regulate their blood sugar with insulin injections, which is found to be a less precise method than the body\u0026#8217;s natural process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eETH researchers are engineering human cells with new gene networks to give them specialized functions. These modified cells are implanted under the skin. The key is controlling these cells with a switch.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOver the last few years, the team has created several control switches for implanted cells, including electrical, light-activated, and even music-triggered ones.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T6ff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey\u0026#8217;ve now unveiled their latest innovation: a switch activated by nitroglycerine, the same medication used for chest pain.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“For me, this solution is the best gene switch that my group and I have built so far,” noted Fussenegger.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A potential cure for diabetes?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ryTyKJFnOv4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-cell-therapy-may-take-years\"\u003eThe cell therapy may take years \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ingredient can be easily delivered via a skin patch. Once the nitroglycerine diffuses into the skin, it comes into contact with the implanted, modified kidney cells.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe implanted cells transform the nitroglycerine into nitric oxide (NO), which causes the release of GLP-1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe chemical messenger GLP-1 stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, effectively regulating blood sugar. It also helps reduce appetite.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis switch uses only human components, thereby eliminating the risk of immune reactions or interference with the body\u0026#8217;s processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany pharmaceuticals treat the symptoms of a disease, much like using a hammer to try and fix a problem without understanding its origin. In contrast, cell therapies aim to address the root cause, functioning more like the body\u0026#8217;s own natural healing mechanisms.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ba:T49b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this development may take years to implement as developing cell therapies using gene switches is complex and time-consuming.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Developing a cell therapy to market maturity not only takes decades but also requires lots of staff and sufficient resources. There’s no shortcut,” said Fussenegger in the \u003ca href=\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese therapies hold the promise of precise, personalized treatment and potentially even cures for other metabolic diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That’s [diabetes cell therapy] the model disease we work with. Fundamentally, however, it’s also possible to develop cell therapies for other metabolic, autoimmune or even neurodegenerative diseases – in principle, for everything that requires dynamic regulation,” the researcher stated.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-025-01350-7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNature Biomedical Engineering.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T1b90,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew blood test detects pancreatic cancer years before symptoms appear\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"New blood test PAC-MANN detects pancreatic cancer early with 98% accuracy, offering 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content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T23:58:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-12T23:58:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Canva-Photo-19.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T1152,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new blood test developed by researchers at Oregon Health \u0026amp; Science University (OHSU) shows promise for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, a disease notorious for its high mortality rates due to late diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe test, named PAC-MANN, which stands for \u0026#8220;protease activity-based assay using a magnetic nanosensor,\u0026#8221; could provide a critical tool for doctors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt can potentially lead to improved survival rates for patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-identifying-pancreatic-cancer\"\u003eIdentifying pancreatic cancer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer typically eludes early diagnosis, often being discovered only when it has progressed to a late stage, significantly limiting treatment options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent diagnostic methods, such as the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) test, can indicate prognosis but are not sufficiently sensitive for early detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed PAC-MANN test aims to bridge this gap by identifying specific cancer-related biomarker activity in the blood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJared Fischer, Ph.D., a researcher at the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute’s Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), highlighted the urgency for improved diagnostic tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The problem with pancreatic cancer is that we often catch it too late,\u0026#8221; he \u003ca href=\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test aims to enable clinicians to detect the disease at an earlier stage when treatment options are more effective, thereby increasing the chances of survival for patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team that developed this test, led by engineer and biologist Jose L. Montoya Mira, Ph.D., focused on creating a cost-effective and easily deployable method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing blood samples from 350 patients, including those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, high-risk individuals, and healthy controls, researchers could pinpoint certain proteins, particularly proteases, whose \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eactivity\u003c/a\u003e levels rise in PDAC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis targeted approach allows for the specific detection of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-98-accuracy\"\u003e98% accuracy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test boasts a 98% accuracy rate in distinguishing between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals or those with non-cancerous pancreatic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, combined with the CA 19-9 test, it demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate for identifying early-stage pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual functionality could offer clinicians substantial insight into detection and the efficacy of ongoing treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePost-surgery, for example, researchers noted a reduction in protease activity, which could indicate positive treatment responses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe advantages of the PAC-MANN test extend beyond just its sensitivity. Unlike traditional diagnostic methods, it requires only a minimal blood sample of eight microliters and delivers results in approximately 45 minutes at less than a penny per sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This could easily be used in rural and underserved areas, where other tests may not be feasible,\u0026#8221; said Montoya, emphasizing the test’s potential for widespread application.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has plans for further investigations, including an upcoming trial in collaboration with the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute and CEDAR, aimed at high-risk patient populations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf additional clinical trials support the effectiveness of PAC-MANN, it could become an essential tool for early pancreatic cancer detection, ultimately expanding treatment options and improving patient outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs Fischer stated, “Hopefully, this is one step toward \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-pancreas-successfully-treat-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eending\u003c/a\u003e cancer as we know it.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of this test could mark a significant advance in the fight against pancreatic cancer, offering new hope for early diagnosis and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T4f5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-identifying-pancreatic-cancer\"\u003eIdentifying pancreatic cancer\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePancreatic cancer typically eludes early diagnosis, often being discovered only when it has progressed to a late stage, significantly limiting treatment options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent diagnostic methods, such as the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) test, can indicate prognosis but are not sufficiently sensitive for early detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe newly developed PAC-MANN test aims to bridge this gap by identifying specific cancer-related biomarker activity in the blood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJared Fischer, Ph.D., a researcher at the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute’s Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), highlighted the urgency for improved diagnostic tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The problem with pancreatic cancer is that we often catch it too late,\u0026#8221; he \u003ca href=\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test aims to enable clinicians to detect the disease at an earlier stage when treatment options are more effective, thereby increasing the chances of survival for patients.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T1dfe,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew vagina map to uncover how microbes influence pregnancy, infection\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A dozen scientists just published an initiative to map the ecosystem of the human vagina and its microbiome.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New vagina map to uncover how microbes influence 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2025-02-10T10:08:38+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T1481,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA dozen scientists released a paper calling for the urgent need to map the ecosystem of a vagina for the sake of half the world\u0026#8217;s population. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eAccording to the authors of a commentary published in\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, “Western medicine assumes an androcentric perspective at the expense of women. Women’s bodies and knowledge concerning their health have been neglected, controlled, and persecuted for centuries.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs an example, women tend to live longer than men, but they tend to be frailer than their male counterparts, at a severe social cost in the quality of life of 49.6 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo, to narrow the “gender health gap,” over a dozen researchers put forth an initiative that communicates that we must target the female microbiome, which is often overlooked in research, as women’s health tends to be. And these are the most pressing issues that women face.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese researchers are reaching for gold; as \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003eput it, they’re seeking to create an “atlas” of the vaginal microbiome as it has that diverse ecosystem that includes bacteria, fungi, simple organisms called archaea, and viruses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShifts in its balance might even affect pregnancy, but no one has studied it in depth. Related studies have only been performed in high-income countries, as well, so this group of scientists called it an \u0026#8220;urgent need.\u0026#8221; We must understand the vaginal microbiome across cultures as soon as possible. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-types-of-healthy-community-states-for-a-vagina\"\u003e5 types of \u0026#8220;healthy community states\u0026#8221; for a vagina\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of molecular biology has advanced our knowledge of the vaginal microbiota. A landmark paper published in 2010 that studied close to 400 women in North America, as per \u003cem\u003eLive Science,\u003c/em\u003e broke down the vaginal microbiota in healthy women into five “vaginal community state types.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus far, the research that has been conducted on this thriving pool of organisms that keep a vagina healthy has shown that a reduction in lactobacilli has been associated with pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, according to the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, a low lactobacilli count and the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria is the “non-optimal vaginal microbiota condition known as BV.” All in all, BV symptoms might not appear, but it can increase the risk of other health issues, \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003esays.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus the “atlas\u0026#8221; would assist in directly \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/7-plants-transform-modern-medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etreating\u003c/a\u003e BV-associated symptoms and diseases through the vaginal microbiome with “vaginal microbiota transfers and vaginal live biotherapeutic products.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStudies indicated that Black and Latin American women might be more at risk of BV compared to women of Asian and European descent living in the USA. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, scientists warned about the “naïve use of race as a category when discussing human health, particularly discussing the microbiome.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study, they said, “should focus on the actual environmental, socioeconomic, and healthcare disparities that place specific populations at higher risk than relying solely on race as a genesis or biological proxy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-girl-power\"\u003eGirl power\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, initiatives are increasing worldwide to close this necessary “data gap,” as the study authors explain,” such as the VaHMP and the VIRGO database.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have even turned to the world\u0026#8217;s citizens to help promote \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/sexual-dysfunction-cure-genital-nerve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esexual health\u003c/a\u003e research, “a bottom-up, locally led approach” called “citizen science.” Since its launch, the citizen science framework of Isala has reached global audiences, further demonstrating the overwhelming amount of public support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo conclude, with public support, the study authors reiterated the necessity to advance this area of research: \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/tampons-toxic-metals-infertility-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewomen\u0026#8217;s health\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe commentary has been published in \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(24)00328-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T423,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs an example, women tend to live longer than men, but they tend to be frailer than their male counterparts, at a severe social cost in the quality of life of 49.6 percent. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo, to narrow the “gender health gap,” over a dozen researchers put forth an initiative that communicates that we must target the female microbiome, which is often overlooked in research, as women’s health tends to be. And these are the most pressing issues that women face.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese researchers are reaching for gold; as \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003eput it, they’re seeking to create an “atlas” of the vaginal microbiome as it has that diverse ecosystem that includes bacteria, fungi, simple organisms called archaea, and viruses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShifts in its balance might even affect pregnancy, but no one has studied it in depth. Related studies have only been performed in high-income countries, as well, so this group of scientists called it an \u0026#8220;urgent need.\u0026#8221; We must understand the vaginal microbiome across cultures as soon as possible. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T547,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-types-of-healthy-community-states-for-a-vagina\"\u003e5 types of \u0026#8220;healthy community states\u0026#8221; for a vagina\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of molecular biology has advanced our knowledge of the vaginal microbiota. A landmark paper published in 2010 that studied close to 400 women in North America, as per \u003cem\u003eLive Science,\u003c/em\u003e broke down the vaginal microbiota in healthy women into five “vaginal community state types.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus far, the research that has been conducted on this thriving pool of organisms that keep a vagina healthy has shown that a reduction in lactobacilli has been associated with pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, according to the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, a low lactobacilli count and the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria is the “non-optimal vaginal microbiota condition known as BV.” All in all, BV symptoms might not appear, but it can increase the risk of other health issues, \u003cem\u003eLive Science \u003c/em\u003esays.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus the “atlas\u0026#8221; would assist in directly \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/7-plants-transform-modern-medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etreating\u003c/a\u003e BV-associated symptoms and diseases through the vaginal microbiome with “vaginal microbiota transfers and vaginal live biotherapeutic products.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T4dc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eStudies indicated that Black and Latin American women might be more at risk of BV compared to women of Asian and European descent living in the USA. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, scientists warned about the “naïve use of race as a category when discussing human health, particularly discussing the microbiome.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis study, they said, “should focus on the actual environmental, socioeconomic, and healthcare disparities that place specific populations at higher risk than relying solely on race as a genesis or biological proxy.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-girl-power\"\u003eGirl power\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToday, initiatives are increasing worldwide to close this necessary “data gap,” as the study authors explain,” such as the VaHMP and the VIRGO database.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have even turned to the world\u0026#8217;s citizens to help promote \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/sexual-dysfunction-cure-genital-nerve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esexual health\u003c/a\u003e research, “a bottom-up, locally led approach” called “citizen science.” Since its launch, the citizen science framework of Isala has reached global audiences, further demonstrating the overwhelming amount of public support.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c3:T441,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo conclude, with public support, the study authors reiterated the necessity to advance this area of research: \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/tampons-toxic-metals-infertility-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewomen\u0026#8217;s health\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe commentary has been published in \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(24)00328-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T1fff,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMini fusion reactor offers efficient cancer-fighting medical isotopes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Amid rising cancer rates, UK-firm secures $5.5M to commercialize desk-sized fusion reactors for efficient medical isotope production.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/desk-fusion-reactors-for-cancer-diagnosis\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mini fusion reactor offers efficient cancer-fighting medical isotopes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amid rising cancer rates, UK-firm secures $5.5M to commercialize desk-sized fusion reactors for efficient medical isotope production.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/desk-fusion-reactors-for-cancer-diagnosis\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-06T15:21:04+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-10T15:27:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Untitled-design-2025-02-06T195057.186.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" 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produce vital medical isotopes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstral has now secured £4.5M ($5.5M) from investors Speedinvest and Playfair to commercialize MSF technology, promising superior performance, efficiency, and lower costs than traditional reactors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Nuclear medicine has been helping to save lives for decades by enabling the medical profession to scan for cancer and directly treat tumors and cancerous cells at source,” said Talmon Firestone, co-founder and CEO of Astral Systems and visiting fellow at the University of Bristol, in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fusion-powered-isotope-supply\"\u003eFusion-powered isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMedical isotopes are radioactive substances essential for diagnosing and treating serious diseases. They emit radiation that can be detected and analyzed, allowing healthcare professionals to assess organ function and tissue structure. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese isotopes have been instrumental in medical imaging, enabling early \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer\u003c/a\u003e detection and the targeted treatment of tumors and cancerous cells. Additionally, they serve as radioactive tracers, helping to identify medical conditions through advanced imaging techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, access to these isotopes is becoming increasingly difficult due to reliance on aging fission reactors. A 2017 UK Government report found that six reactors produced over 90 percent of the global supply, with five set to close by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=13\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm\u0026#8217;s approach uses lattice confinement fusion (LCF), a concept first discovered by NASA, which enables solid-state fuel densities 400 million times higher than conventional methods, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Not only does our MSF Reactor provide a mechanism to develop medical radioisotopes safely and more efficiently, but it also offers an ideal testbed for understanding what a full-scale fusion power plant will look like and how it might behave during operation,\u0026#8221; said Wallace-Smith, co-founder, and CTO of Astral Systems, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2023/november/astral-fusion-reactor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-securing-isotope-supply\"\u003eSecuring isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstral Systems aims to address the looming shortage of medical isotopes with its compact, scalable MSF reactors. Unlike traditional reactors, Astral’s technology enables local, on-demand isotope production, ensuring a stable supply for medical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the firm, by establishing small fusion reactors in regional isotope factories across the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/uk-fusion-firm-eyes-cheap-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUK\u003c/a\u003e and internationally, the company seeks to decentralize production, reducing reliance on a few large facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approach offers a more flexible and cost-effective supply chain, lowering risks associated with aging infrastructure. With localized production, hospitals and healthcare providers could have more reliable access to critical isotopes, ultimately improving patient care. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our systems have been developed far more quickly and can produce isotopes at a much smaller scale than alternate technologies. This means medical isotopes can be produced near to or within hospital hubs without having to rely on giant international nuclear fission plants,\u0026#8221; said researchers in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the University of Bristol received a £1 million research grant in collaboration with Astral Systems and the Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) to optimize and commercialize their technology while demonstrating medical radioisotope production under the ‘MicroNOVA’ project. In November 2023, Astral Systems showed the usage of a first-of-its-kind Multi-State Fusion (MSF) Reactor.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy pioneering MSF technology, Astral Systems is working to secure the future of medical \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-first-commercial-reactor-for-isotopes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eisotope\u003c/a\u003e production and ensure continued advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T538,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Nuclear medicine has been helping to save lives for decades by enabling the medical profession to scan for cancer and directly treat tumors and cancerous cells at source,” said Talmon Firestone, co-founder and CEO of Astral Systems and visiting fellow at the University of Bristol, in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fusion-powered-isotope-supply\"\u003eFusion-powered isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMedical isotopes are radioactive substances essential for diagnosing and treating serious diseases. They emit radiation that can be detected and analyzed, allowing healthcare professionals to assess organ function and tissue structure. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese isotopes have been instrumental in medical imaging, enabling early \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-technique-see-inside-cancer-cell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecancer\u003c/a\u003e detection and the targeted treatment of tumors and cancerous cells. Additionally, they serve as radioactive tracers, helping to identify medical conditions through advanced imaging techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, access to these isotopes is becoming increasingly difficult due to reliance on aging fission reactors. A 2017 UK Government report found that six reactors produced over 90 percent of the global supply, with five set to close by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T7e2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=13\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm\u0026#8217;s approach uses lattice confinement fusion (LCF), a concept first discovered by NASA, which enables solid-state fuel densities 400 million times higher than conventional methods, according to the company.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Not only does our MSF Reactor provide a mechanism to develop medical radioisotopes safely and more efficiently, but it also offers an ideal testbed for understanding what a full-scale fusion power plant will look like and how it might behave during operation,\u0026#8221; said Wallace-Smith, co-founder, and CTO of Astral Systems, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2023/november/astral-fusion-reactor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estatement\u003c/a\u003e earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-securing-isotope-supply\"\u003eSecuring isotope supply\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAstral Systems aims to address the looming shortage of medical isotopes with its compact, scalable MSF reactors. Unlike traditional reactors, Astral’s technology enables local, on-demand isotope production, ensuring a stable supply for medical use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the firm, by establishing small fusion reactors in regional isotope factories across the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/uk-fusion-firm-eyes-cheap-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUK\u003c/a\u003e and internationally, the company seeks to decentralize production, reducing reliance on a few large facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T65a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe approach offers a more flexible and cost-effective supply chain, lowering risks associated with aging infrastructure. With localized production, hospitals and healthcare providers could have more reliable access to critical isotopes, ultimately improving patient care. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Were the Biggest Tech and Engineering Moments of 2024?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OmgV0V7E9EA?start=4\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our systems have been developed far more quickly and can produce isotopes at a much smaller scale than alternate technologies. This means medical isotopes can be produced near to or within hospital hubs without having to rely on giant international nuclear fission plants,\u0026#8221; said researchers in a statement earlier. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the University of Bristol received a £1 million research grant in collaboration with Astral Systems and the Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) to optimize and commercialize their technology while demonstrating medical radioisotope production under the ‘MicroNOVA’ project. In November 2023, Astral Systems showed the usage of a first-of-its-kind Multi-State Fusion (MSF) Reactor.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T1bf0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eIn a 1st, US FDA approves gene-edited pig kidney transplant trials in humans\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The FDA has approved clinical trials for gene-edited pig kidney transplants in humans, marking a major step in tackling the US organ shortage.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"In a 1st, US FDA approves gene-edited pig kidney transplant trials in humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The FDA has approved clinical trials for gene-edited pig kidney transplants in humans, marking a major step in tackling the US organ shortage.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-05T23:52:01+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-05T23:52:08+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:Tfc5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn a significant development for organ transplantation, two U.S. biotechnology companies, United Therapeutics and eGenesis, have received clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to proceed with clinical trials involving gene-edited pig kidneys intended for human use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis milestone comes amidst an ongoing organ shortage in the United States, where more than 100,000 individuals are currently awaiting transplants, over 90,000 of which are for kidney replacements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnited Therapeutics announced the approval on Monday, stating that the trial will initially include six patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, with the potential to expand the participant list to as many as 50, depending on the outcomes of the initial phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company expects the first transplant to occur by mid-2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\"\u003eGene-edited pig kidney transplants\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLeigh Peterson, the executive vice president of United Therapeutics, expressed optimism regarding the approval, describing it as a crucial advancement in increasing the number of available transplantable organs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trials will investigate the viability of transplanting genetically modified pig kidneys into human recipients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis technique has been in development since 2021, focusing initially on brain-dead patients before transitioning to living individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, eGenesis, a rival company, received FDA approval in December for its separate study involving three patients with kidney failure who have a low likelihood of receiving a transplant from a deceased donor within the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study intends to provide insights into the suitability and effectiveness of pig kidneys in treating patients on the transplant list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eXenotransplantation, the process of transplanting organs from one species to another, has long been a goal in medical science, yet it has presented numerous challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarly attempts involving primates faced significant hurdles, but \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-kidney-is-a-success-in-pigs-what-about-humans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvancements\u003c/a\u003e in gene editing and immune system management have reignited interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePigs, having been identified as ideal candidates for organ donation, are seen as a practical solution given their rapid growth, large litter sizes, and established role in the human food supply.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-humans-involved\"\u003eHumans involved\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth companies emphasize the importance of monitoring trial patients over the long term, focusing on survival rates, kidney function, and the risks of zoonotic infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans. These considerations are critical, given the complexities associated with cross-species organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere has been only one documented human recipient of a pig organ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTowana Looney, a 53-year-old woman from Alabama, received a pig kidney from United Therapeutics on November 25, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of Tuesday, she holds the record for the longest survival with a pig kidney, having lived with the organ successfully for 71 days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the case of David Bennett from \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/1st-pig-kidney-recipient-dies-2-months-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMaryland\u003c/a\u003e, who received a pig heart in 2022 but survived for only 60 days, further illustrates the risks and uncertainties involved in such groundbreaking procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upcoming trials represent not just a leap forward in addressing the critical organ shortage crisis but also push the boundaries of medical science into uncharted territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs hope grows for patients in need of transplants, the successful outcome of these studies could pave the way for a new era in organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T4bc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnited Therapeutics announced the approval on Monday, stating that the trial will initially include six patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, with the potential to expand the participant list to as many as 50, depending on the outcomes of the initial phase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company expects the first transplant to occur by mid-2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gene-edited-pig-kidney-transplants\"\u003eGene-edited pig kidney transplants\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLeigh Peterson, the executive vice president of United Therapeutics, expressed optimism regarding the approval, describing it as a crucial advancement in increasing the number of available transplantable organs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe trials will investigate the viability of transplanting genetically modified pig kidneys into human recipients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis technique has been in development since 2021, focusing initially on brain-dead patients before transitioning to living individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, eGenesis, a rival company, received FDA approval in December for its separate study involving three patients with kidney failure who have a low likelihood of receiving a transplant from a deceased donor within the next five years.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T4fc,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study intends to provide insights into the suitability and effectiveness of pig kidneys in treating patients on the transplant list.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eXenotransplantation, the process of transplanting organs from one species to another, has long been a goal in medical science, yet it has presented numerous challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarly attempts involving primates faced significant hurdles, but \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-kidney-is-a-success-in-pigs-what-about-humans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvancements\u003c/a\u003e in gene editing and immune system management have reignited interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePigs, having been identified as ideal candidates for organ donation, are seen as a practical solution given their rapid growth, large litter sizes, and established role in the human food supply.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-humans-involved\"\u003eHumans involved\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth companies emphasize the importance of monitoring trial patients over the long term, focusing on survival rates, kidney function, and the risks of zoonotic infections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans. These considerations are critical, given the complexities associated with cross-species organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cd:T41b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere has been only one documented human recipient of a pig organ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTowana Looney, a 53-year-old woman from Alabama, received a pig kidney from United Therapeutics on November 25, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs of Tuesday, she holds the record for the longest survival with a pig kidney, having lived with the organ successfully for 71 days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the case of David Bennett from \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/1st-pig-kidney-recipient-dies-2-months-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eMaryland\u003c/a\u003e, who received a pig heart in 2022 but survived for only 60 days, further illustrates the risks and uncertainties involved in such groundbreaking procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe upcoming trials represent not just a leap forward in addressing the critical organ shortage crisis but also push the boundaries of medical science into uncharted territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs hope grows for patients in need of transplants, the successful outcome of these studies could pave the way for a new era in organ transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T1cac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUS lab achieves 100x efficiency boost in laser-plasma accelerator\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have overcome long-standing challenges in laser-plasma acceleration by using a self-replenishing water target.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"US lab achieves 100x efficiency boost in laser-plasma accelerator\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have overcome long-standing challenges in laser-plasma acceleration by using a self-replenishing water target.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:17:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T16:04:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Laser-Plasma-1.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aman Tripathi\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aman Tripathi\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1c3ba13ba504d78a3c896651fc6291c6\"},\"headline\":\"Water fuels US laser-plasma accelerator with 100x efficiency boost for fusion 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T1092,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have achieved a significant milestone in laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey have generated fast, bright proton beams by using the power of a simple water stream.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges and brings LPA technology closer to real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“These exciting results pave the way for new applications of relativistic high-power lasers for applications in medicine, accelerator research, and inertial fusion,” said Siegfried Glenzer, director of the High Energy Density Science division at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T48d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-addressing-challenges-of-lpas\"\u003eAddressing challenges of LPAs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/top-quark-vs-special-relativity\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eparticle accelerators\u003c/a\u003e, like synchrotrons, use electromagnets to generate these beams. However, their massive size limits their use in many settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eLPAs offer a compact and cost-effective alternative, but they also face several challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“One challenge arises from the high-intensity laser, which destroys the targets after each pulse, requiring a new target for every shot,” explained the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Another issue is the beam divergence – proton beams produced by LPAs typically spread out like a floodlight rather than maintaining a narrow focus.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new breakthrough aims to resolve these issues. This advance was made possible by using a thin stream of water instead of a solid target.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Instead of using a traditional solid target, they introduced a thin sheet of water – a self-regenerating stream that replenishes after each shot,” added the researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T416,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eUnexpected benefits of water stream\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis self-regenerating water sheet not only eliminates the need for target replacement after each laser pulse but also unexpectedly enhances the proton beam\u0026#8217;s characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the high-intensity laser struck the water sheet, the resulting evaporated water formed a vapor cloud that interacted with the proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis interaction generated magnetic fields, which naturally focused the beam. This resulted in a significantly brighter and more tightly aligned proton beam.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to experiments using solid targets, the water sheet reduced beam divergence by an order of magnitude and increased efficiency by a factor of one hundred. The resulting proton beam exhibited remarkable stability as it operated consistently at five pulses per second over hundreds of laser shots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This effect was completely unexpected,” said Griffin Glenn, a Stanford University PhD student and the second author of the paper.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T540,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBesides, the beam delivered the equivalent of 40 Gray with each shot, which is a standard radiation dosage used in proton therapies, a feat never before achieved with LPAs at this repetition rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis was accomplished using a readily available low-energy laser system, which marked a significant step towards practical applications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eLeading to a paradigm shift\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This work has shifted the whole paradigm,” Glenzer \u003ca href=\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2025-02-10-innovative-target-design-leads-surprising-discovery-laser-plasma-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003econcluded\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Finally, we are no longer totally reliant on simulations. We can now drive the physics from an experimental point of view, testing different laser intensities, target densities, and environmental pressures.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEarlier, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have achieved a significant milestone in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-laser-accelerates-electrons-10-gev\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elaser-plasma acceleration\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey successfully accelerated electrons to an energy of 10 billion electronvolts (10 GeV) within a distance of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches).\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T1fa4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMeta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Meta to develop humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Meta is launching a dedicated division within Reality Labs to develop AI-powered humanoid robots designed to perform various physical tasks.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T14:58:41+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T15:02:55+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid 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If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T5de,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-billions-invested-in-robotics\"\u003eBillions invested in robotics\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite billions in investment from major \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003etech companies\u003c/a\u003e and startups into AI-powered humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, and household tasks, progress on the development of robots has been slow. Researchers have found that breakthroughs in language-related AI, which have driven chatbot development, have not necessarily improved robots\u0026#8217; understanding of the physical world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe memo underscores Meta\u0026#8217;s major investment in the Reality Labs unit—dedicated to developing technologies for future growth—despite facing significant financial losses since its inception. The unit incurred a loss of around $5 billion in the fourth quarter of last year, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/meta-plans-investments-into-ai-driven-humanoid-robots-memo-shows-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor years, Meta has been funding research into \u0026#8217;embodied AI\u0026#8217;, aiming to create AI assistants that can see, hear, and navigate the 3D physical world. The company’s top AI scientist, Yann LeCun, has also emphasized the limitations of language models and is working to develop new models that can better understand physical space.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T7d1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Meta plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise in the space\u0026#8221; by developing retail locations similar to the Meta Lab store it opened in Los Angeles in November, although retail partners will remain the primary drivers of hardware sales volume.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new division will be led by Marc Whitten, former CEO of self-driving car company Cruise, who Meta has hired as vice president of robotics, Bosworth noted in the memo. He also mentioned that John Koryl has been hired as vice president of retail. Koryl, previously CEO of The RealReal, will help expand Meta’s direct-to-consumer sales of products like the Quest mixed reality headsets and Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, which Meta makes with EssilorLuxottica.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-meta-to-compete-with-tesla\"\u003eMeta to compete with Tesla\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMeta plans to develop its own humanoid robot hardware, initially focusing on household chores, while also aiming to create the AI, sensors, and software that can power robots made by various companies, \u003cem\u003eBloomberg\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-14/meta-plans-major-investment-into-ai-powered-humanoid-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e. The tech giant has begun discussions with robotics firms like Unitree Robotics and Figure AI but does not plan to launch its own branded robot right away.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T1e56,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFabric produces light, sound even after stretching, bending, twisting\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing electroluminescent (EL) displays.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" 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displays.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Electronic fabric produces bright light and clear sound despite stretching, bending and twisting.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T140e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:Taaa,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sound-display-addresses-challenges-of-limited-stretchability-low-brightness\"\u003eSound display addresses challenges of limited stretchability, low brightness\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study, published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereveals\u003c/a\u003e the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-computer-with-ordinary-display-and-laser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003estretchable\u003c/a\u003e electroluminescent (EL) sound display that addresses the challenges of limited stretchability and low brightness in existing EL displays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Triton X used in the material stores \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/world-first-transparent-laptop-lenovo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eelectrical\u003c/a\u003e energy more effectively and makes it more stretchable. When electricity passes through this composite, it causes the phosphor particles to emit light while simultaneously creating tiny vibrations that produce sound waves, according to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-remains-stable-when-stretched-to-200-of-its-original-length\"\u003eMaterial remains stable when stretched to 200% of its original length\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter – brighter than many smartphone screens – and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/hyundai-mobis-full-windshield-holographic-display\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003egenerates\u003c/a\u003e sound at 73.7 decibels. This is within the range of normal conversation volume, though perceived loudness can vary depending on distance and environment. These capabilities remain stable even when the material is stretched to 200% of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoriginal length\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis design, featuring stretchable transparent ionogel electrodes sandwiching the high-dielectric-constant emissive layer, enables facile fabrication of stretchable sound \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/futuristic-bus-goldmedals-2m-showroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003edisplays\u003c/a\u003e that demonstrate unprecedented performance: exceptional brightness, stretchability, and acoustic output. Remarkably, both the electroluminescence and acoustic performance of the display remain stable under various types of mechanical deformations, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T673,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers demonstrated a stretchable multicolored textile sound display that can be pixelated and achieve remarkably stable light and clear sound generation even when it is stretched. The display also illuminated letters, emitted various colors of light, and generated sound simultaneously without performance degradation despite being stretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-new-avenues-for-the-human-machine-interface-applications\"\u003eNew avenues for the human–machine interface applications\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that their groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420432\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eapproach\u003c/a\u003e opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications, particularly in wearable displays and smart textiles, enabling intuitive communication in next-generation interactive systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScientists maintained that the strategic incorporation of Triton X in the emissive layer induces polarization and plasticization of Ecoflex, resulting in a high dielectric constant, minimal leakage current, and superior stretchability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=66417.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e revealed that the current version requires operating voltages of 400-500 volts to achieve optimal performance. The research team continues working to reduce these voltage requirements while maintaining brightness and sound quality. They are also developing more sophisticated control systems for complex visual patterns and audio output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T1fc7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#039;s protective shell damaged in drone strike\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. 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Moscow has denied involvement.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bojan Stojkovski\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/1fc45f098a36e02228f45867676bdde4\"},\"headline\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor\u0026#8217;s protective shell damaged by drone, Kyiv accuses Russia\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\"},\"wordCount\":534,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Chernobyl\",\"Drones\",\"IAEA\",\"Nuclear plant\",\"nuclear war\",\"Russia\",\"Ukraine\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"name\":\"Chernobyl nuclear reactor's protective shell damaged in drone strike\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-92.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Russia of damaging the radiation containment shelter at Chernobyl. 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He blamed Russia for the strike.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the aftermath of the event, Chernobyl’s chief engineer Oleksandr Tytarchuk stated that the shelter is no longer fulfilling its protective function following the damage. He warned of a potential risk of radioactive substances being released. Although the situation was under control according to Tytarchuk, he noted that repairs could require significant time and effort. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T553,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Kyiv accused Russia of carrying out the attack, Moscow has denied any involvement. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov refuted Zelensky\u0026#8217;s allegations, suggesting that it was likely a provocation, pointing out that Kyiv is known for such actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iaea-confirms-drone-strike-no-radiation-leak\"\u003eIAEA confirms drone strike, no radiation leak\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that the drone strike did not penetrate the plant’s inner containment shell. The agency reported that radiation levels at the decommissioned plant in the Kyiv region, known for the world’s worst nuclear disaster, remain unchanged. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the IAEA, its team stationed at Ukraine’s \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChernobyl\u003c/a\u003e nuclear plant heard an explosion and was informed that a drone had struck the protective outer shell early Friday. The organization did not attribute blame but confirmed that the strike punched a hole in the structure and briefly ignited a fire, \u003cem\u003eAP\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-chernobyl-zelenskyy-71d781dbd66754d0a548edd388f3447a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"de:T546,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This shelter was built by Ukraine together with other countries of Europe and the world, together with America – all those committed to real security for humanity. The only country in the world that attacks such sites, occupies nuclear power plants, and wages war without any regard for the consequences is today’s Russia. This is a terrorist threat to the entire world,” President Zelensky \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1890298176038682905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e in a statement on X.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-clashes-near-nuclear-plants-fuel-catastrophe-fears\"\u003eClashes near nuclear plants fuel catastrophe fears\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eClashes near nuclear power plants have repeatedly sparked fears of a nuclear catastrophe throughout the three years of war, especially in a country where memories of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster remain vivid. That incident claimed at least 30 lives and released radioactive fallout across much of the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/fire-at-europes-largest-nuclear-plant?group=test_a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eZaporizhzhia\u003c/a\u003e nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, has been targeted by drones at times during the conflict but has not suffered significant damage.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T647,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the latest incident in the Chernobyl plant, photographs posted by Andriy Yermak, the chief of staff to the Ukrainian president, appeared to show a small fire near the top of the New Safe Confinement shelter, \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-drone-attack-damages-chornobyl-nuclear-plants-shelter-zelenskiy-says-2025-02-14/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e. Ukraine\u0026#8217;s SBU security service also released images of what it claimed was the drone, which it said was armed with a high-explosive warhead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Britain\u0026#039;s Biggest Nuclear Disaster Will Take 100 Years to Clear\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_rp28wsN0E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompleted in 2019, the massive arched steel and concrete structure was built to cover an older Soviet-era version that had significantly deteriorated. Standing 108 metres high (354 feet) and 162 metres long, it spans 257 metres and is designed to last at least 100 years, according to the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. The project cost $1.6 billion and was funded by 45 donor countries and institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1b:[[\"$\",\"$L1d\",null,{\"articleType\":\"premium\",\"author\":\"Maria Bolevich\",\"publishDate\":\"2024-11-21\",\"title\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\",\"category\":\"health\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for 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mb:t-pt-[70px]\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1f\",null,{\"articleData\":{\"postType\":\"health\",\"isStaging\":true,\"content\":{\"id\":120189,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"Health\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/health\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Health\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$20\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"health\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":10,\"title\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eBeyond its role in preventing blood clots, recent studies indicate heparin\u0026#8217;s potential in treating inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eBeyond its role in preventing blood clots, recent studies indicate heparin\u0026#8217;s potential in treating inflammation, cancer, and even Covid-19.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":5057,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$21\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/vampire-bats-put-on-treadmill-to-understand-their-metabolism\\\"\u003eBlood-sucking vampire bats put on treadmill to understand their strange metabolism\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-nanoparticle-based-infusion-targets-plaque\\\"\u003eCardiovascular breakthrough: Nanoparticle therapy cuts plaque buildup in arteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/paper-sensor-detects-heart-problems\\\"\u003eNew paper-based sensor detects heart attack biomarkers in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\",\"slug\":\"bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 months ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:41\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 01:13 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 01:13 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\",\"name\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\",\"alt_text\":\"Inside the battle to engineer the perfect anticoagulant for millions\",\"description\":\"3D image of red blood cells.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/red-blood-cells-3d-image-concept-gm1492439504-516440025?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ektsimage\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Bolevich\",\"slug\":\"maria-bolevich\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6f21032cd87efaaa50b956c67017cc05?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-bolevich\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-bolevich\",\"description\":\"Maria Bolevich graduated from Medical High School and Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Department of Environmental protection. She is an environmental protection engineer, and she wrote her first scientific article as a student in 2009 which triggered her passion for science journalism. As a science, health, and environmental journalist she has been collaborating with many international media, including Nature, SciDev… She is a recipient of a number of noteworthy awards in her field of expertise.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHeparin, an essential anti-clotting drug, has been integral in preventing and treating blood clot-related conditions for over a century. Discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and Professor William H. Howell, it was identified as an anticoagulant (medications that stop your blood from clotting) that would eventually revolutionize medicine. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, its practical application took time—initial studies laid the groundwork for human trials, \u003ca href=\\\"http://healthheritageresearch.com/Heparin-Conntact9608.html\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ewhich began in 1935\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$22\",\"$23\",\"$24\",\"$25\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eToday, over 10 million people in the United States alone rely on heparin or similar anticoagulant drugs. While challenges persist, ongoing research continues to address these issues, ensuring that heparin remains a vital component of modern medicine. And as new methods for its production emerge, heparin\u0026#8217;s role in healthcare will only expand.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"3D image of red blood cells.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/red-blood-cells-3d-image-concept-gm1492439504-516440025?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003ektsimage\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca 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million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests\",\"description\":\"A sediment core retrieved from a salt marsh in Phippsburg, Maine (right).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1060329\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003eAerial Essex/UMass Amherst\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have demonstrated that New England’s salt marshes sequester carbon equivalent to the emissions of roughly 10 million cars within their top meter of soil. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, their research suggests these marshes capture additional carbon annually, comparable to the emissions from approximately 15,000 more cars each year.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst quantified carbon capture in the Northeast’s salt marshes using a new, highly accurate method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent study is expected to pave the way toward meeting the challenges of a warming world.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$28\",\"$29\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It’s really all about inundation at high-tide — that’s when you want the satellite to capture the picture,\u0026#8221; 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His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a bid to ensure combat readiness in challenging weather conditions, the United States Army is conducting extreme cold temperature testing on the M10 Booker armored infantry support vehicle at Fort Greely in Alaska. The information was made public by Peter George, the product manager of the Booker combat vehicle, through a post on social media.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Army is also increasing its Arctic operations to improve readiness in extreme conditions. Training exercises like Arctic Forge 25 will involve 330 US Soldiers from the 11th Airborne and 10th Mountain Divisions, along with 40 Canadian soldiers and 500 Finnish personnel. 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The city had gone from being one of glits and glamour, neon signage, and showgirls, to family vacations, giant castles, pyramids and rollercoasters.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe casino corporations literally blew up half of the strip to make this new Vegas, but why was this done, how did they do it so quickly, and, with this newer style now looking rather dated and tired, was this change for the better?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/las-vegas-architecture-is-ingenious-but-is-it-good\",\"slug\":\"las-vegas-architecture-is-ingenious-but-is-it-good\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T13:13:55\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T13:13:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 08:13 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 08:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/WEB_38018a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\",\"name\":\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\",\"alt_text\":\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Yağmur Kirali\",\"slug\":\"yagmur-kirali\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/T0G975ARW-U045WPP1K1V-629b731dd3d3-512-1.png\",\"page_url\":\"yagmur-kirali\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/yagmur-kirali\",\"description\":\"Yağmur is a senior social media executive based in Istanbul. 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The city had gone from being one of glits and glamour, neon signage, and showgirls, to family vacations, giant castles, pyramids and rollercoasters.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe casino corporations literally blew up half of the strip to make this new Vegas, but why was this done, how did they do it so quickly, and, with this newer style now looking rather dated and tired, was this change for the better?\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/las-vegas-architecture-is-ingenious-but-is-it-good\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":2,\"source_target\":\"bHBdMte5trI\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false,\"video_source_type\":\"2\",\"video_source_target\":\"bHBdMte5trI\",\"connatix_body_script\":\"\",\"feed_video_source_target\":\"https://content.jwplatform.com/videos/1hOWCmZ5.mp4\",\"feed_video_upload_date\":\"2025-02-16T12:52:40+00:00\",\"feed_video_description\":\"From 1989 to 1999, Las Vegas transformed from neon lit glamour to family friendly resorts with castles, pyramids, and rollercoasters. 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Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$32\",\"$33\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143300,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"China\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"EV\",\"geely\",\"Geely Galaxy\",\"Transportation\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; 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His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$36\",\"$37\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.galaxy-geely.com/p145\\\"\u003eGeely Galaxy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\\\"\u003eChinese automaker partners with DeepSeek for next-gen smart car AI technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/geely-invests-in-satellite-network-to-boost-autonomous-car-safety\\\"\u003eGeely invests in satellite network to boost autonomous car safety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/golden-battery-fast-ev-charge\\\"\u003e80% in 9 minutes: Zeekr’s ‘Golden Battery’ sets record for fastest EV charging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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waves\",\"slug\":\"gravitational-waves\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gravitational-waves\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$38\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3751,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$39\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"slug\":\"ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\",\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"name\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"alt_text\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is one of the most powerful scientific equipment for detecting gravitational waves. Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3a\",\"$3b\",\"$3c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$3d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$3e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3f\",\"$40\",\"$41\",\"$42\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$43\",\"$44\",\"$45\",\"$46\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143268,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have developed a method to store data using crystal defects as ones and zeroes, each the size of an individual atom.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUChicago PME Assistant Professor Tian Zhong explained that each memory cell is created from a single missing atom, or defect. This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$49\",\"$4a\",\"$4b\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\\\"\u003ePhoton-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-store-retrieve-quantum-data\\\"\u003eIn a global first, scientists create, store, and retrieve quantum data \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-hybrid-quantum-supercomputer-reimei-activated\\\"\u003eWorld’s first hybrid quantum supercomputer Reimei activated in Japan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143164,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\",\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$4c\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3690,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"slug\":\"reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:32:02\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:33:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:33 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\",\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"name\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"alt_text\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4e\",\"$4f\",\"$50\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\\\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143224,\"tags\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"3d\",\"slug\":\"3d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/3d\"},{\"name\":\"4D\",\"slug\":\"4d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/4d\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"quasicrystal\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quasicrystal\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$51\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3296,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$52\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:43 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"name\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"alt_text\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of international researchers has shown that four-dimensional structures can influence the mechanical and topological properties of quasiperiodic crystals. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$53\",\"$54\",\"$55\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":143456,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"cell therapy\",\"diabetes\",\"ETH Zurich team\",\"gene switch\",\"Health\",\"highly effective \\\"gene switch\\\" to deliver targeted cell therapy\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Researchers have developed a new\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"cell 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unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDiabetes is a major global health concern, affecting about one in ten individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDiabetes is a major global health concern, affecting about one in ten individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3624,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$57\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-inhibitor-enzyme-heparanase-diabetes\\\"\u003eDrug inhibits heparanase in mice, preventing diabetic issues\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\"\u003e1000s of diabetic patients in UK to get 'artificial pancreas'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/hydrogel-daily-diabetes-three-yearly\\\"\u003eNew hydrogel cuts daily diabetes shots to just three a year\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\",\"slug\":\"gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 17, 2025 05:13 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 17, 2025 05:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-5_a16172.jpg\",\"title\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"name\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"alt_text\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"description\":\"A skin patch with nitroglycerine is the switch that controls an implant underneath (symbolic image). \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\\\"\u003eJosef Kuster / ETH Zurich\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a new, highly effective \u0026#8220;gene switch\u0026#8221; to deliver targeted cell therapy. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ETH Zurich team states that this cell therapy has the potential to offer a more precise and personalized treatment for diabetes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDiabetes is a major global health concern, classified as a metabolic disease and affecting about one in ten individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe human body is naturally efficient at regulating blood sugar. However, this system fails in diabetes. Therefore, researchers have been working to develop cell therapies that mimic this natural process for treatment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$58\",\"$59\",\"$5a\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A skin patch with nitroglycerine is the switch that controls an implant underneath (symbolic image). \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\\\"\u003eJosef Kuster / ETH Zurich\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-inhibitor-enzyme-heparanase-diabetes\\\"\u003eDrug inhibits heparanase in mice, preventing diabetic issues\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\"\u003e1000s of diabetic patients in UK to get 'artificial pancreas'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/hydrogel-daily-diabetes-three-yearly\\\"\u003eNew hydrogel cuts daily diabetes shots to just three a year\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":142595,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"cancel treatment\",\"Cancer\",\"Health\",\"pancreas\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"cancel 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critical tool for doctors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe test, named PAC-MANN could provide a critical tool for doctors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3711,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-pancreas-successfully-treat-diabetes\\\"\u003eMajor breakthrough: Artificial pancreas successfully treats type 1 diabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\"\u003eWorld-first: 1000s of diabetic patients in UK to get ‘artificial pancreas’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bioprinted-pancreas-could-end-diabetes\\\"\u003eMeet The Bioprinted Pancreas That Could End Diabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\",\"slug\":\"new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-12T23:58:30\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-12T23:58:38\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 12, 2025 06:58 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 12, 2025 06:58 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Canva-Photo-19.jpg\",\"title\":\"New blood test identifies elusive pancreatic cancer way before symptoms appear\",\"name\":\"New blood test identifies elusive pancreatic cancer way before symptoms appear\",\"alt_text\":\"New blood test identifies elusive pancreatic cancer way before symptoms appear\",\"description\":\"Jared Fischer, left, and Jose Luis Montoya Mira, cancer researchers at OHSU, have developed PAC-MANN.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\\\"\u003eOHSU\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new blood test developed by researchers at Oregon Health \u0026amp; Science University (OHSU) shows promise for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, a disease notorious for its high mortality rates due to late diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe test, named PAC-MANN, which stands for \u0026#8220;protease activity-based assay using a magnetic nanosensor,\u0026#8221; could provide a critical tool for doctors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt can potentially lead to improved survival rates for patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5d\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team that developed this test, led by engineer and biologist Jose L. Montoya Mira, Ph.D., focused on creating a cost-effective and easily deployable method.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing blood samples from 350 patients, including those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, high-risk individuals, and healthy controls, researchers could pinpoint certain proteins, particularly proteases, whose \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eactivity\u003c/a\u003e levels rise in PDAC.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis targeted approach allows for the specific detection of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-98-accuracy\\\"\u003e98% accuracy\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test boasts a 98% accuracy rate in distinguishing between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals or those with non-cancerous pancreatic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, combined with the CA 19-9 test, it demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate for identifying early-stage pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual functionality could offer clinicians substantial insight into detection and the efficacy of ongoing treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePost-surgery, for example, researchers noted a reduction in protease activity, which could indicate positive treatment responses.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe advantages of the PAC-MANN test extend beyond just its sensitivity. Unlike traditional diagnostic methods, it requires only a minimal blood sample of eight microliters and delivers results in approximately 45 minutes at less than a penny per sample.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This could easily be used in rural and underserved areas, where other tests may not be feasible,\u0026#8221; said Montoya, emphasizing the test’s potential for widespread application.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has plans for further investigations, including an upcoming trial in collaboration with the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute and CEDAR, aimed at high-risk patient populations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf additional clinical trials support the effectiveness of PAC-MANN, it could become an essential tool for early pancreatic cancer detection, ultimately expanding treatment options and improving patient outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Fischer stated, “Hopefully, this is one step toward \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-pancreas-successfully-treat-diabetes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eending\u003c/a\u003e cancer as we know it.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of this test could mark a significant advance in the fight against pancreatic cancer, offering new hope for early diagnosis and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Jared Fischer, left, and Jose Luis Montoya Mira, cancer researchers at OHSU, have developed PAC-MANN.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\\\"\u003eOHSU\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-pancreas-successfully-treat-diabetes\\\"\u003eMajor breakthrough: Artificial pancreas successfully treats type 1 diabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\"\u003eWorld-first: 1000s of diabetic patients in UK to get ‘artificial pancreas’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bioprinted-pancreas-could-end-diabetes\\\"\u003eMeet The Bioprinted Pancreas That Could End Diabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141830,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"Research\",\"Women\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"Research\",\"slug\":\"research\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/research\"},{\"name\":\"Women\",\"slug\":\"women\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/women\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Health\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$5e\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"health\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":10,\"title\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eA dozen scientists just published an initiative to map the ecosystem of a vagina: the vaginal microbiome. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eA dozen scientists just published an initiative to map the ecosystem of a vagina: the vaginal microbiome. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3794,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5f\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/secret-sex-lives-of-bacteria\\\"\u003eSecret ‘sex lives’ of bacteria: New research unveils shocking truths about evolution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-call-for-ban-on-mirror-bacteria-research\\\"\u003e‘Mirror bacteria’ could cause lethal infections, irreversible harm if built: Scientists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/australias-fart-tracking-study\\\"\u003eFlatulence meets science: Australia’s fart tracking study explores gut health\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\",\"slug\":\"we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-10T10:08:38\",\"timeAgo\":\"7 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-10T10:08:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 05:08 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 05:08 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-10-at-2.51.44-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"name\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"alt_text\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"description\":\"Characteristics of normal vaginal microbiome. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Characteristics_of_BV_%28A%2C_C%29_and_normal_%28B%2C_D%29_vaginal_microbiome.jpg\\\"\u003eWikimedia\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA dozen scientists released a paper calling for the urgent need to map the ecosystem of a vagina for the sake of half the world\u0026#8217;s population. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\\\"\u003eAccording to the authors of a commentary published in\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, “Western medicine assumes an androcentric perspective at the expense of women. Women’s bodies and knowledge concerning their health have been neglected, controlled, and persecuted for centuries.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$60\",\"$61\",\"$62\",\"$63\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Characteristics of normal vaginal microbiome. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Characteristics_of_BV_%28A%2C_C%29_and_normal_%28B%2C_D%29_vaginal_microbiome.jpg\\\"\u003eWikimedia\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/secret-sex-lives-of-bacteria\\\"\u003eSecret ‘sex lives’ of bacteria: New research unveils shocking truths about evolution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-call-for-ban-on-mirror-bacteria-research\\\"\u003e‘Mirror bacteria’ could cause lethal infections, irreversible harm if built: Scientists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/australias-fart-tracking-study\\\"\u003eFlatulence meets science: Australia’s fart tracking study explores gut 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medical isotope crisis for cancer diagnosis\",\"alt_text\":\"Desk-sized fusion reactors could solve medical isotope crisis for cancer diagnosis\",\"description\":\"Multi-State Fusion is a process that uses a single power input to achieve two parallel fusion reactions: one in plasma and one in a solid-state lattice.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.astralsystems.com/technology\\\"\u003eAstral Systems\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. 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Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. 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Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"slug\":\"meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:58:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:02:55\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png\",\"title\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"name\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"alt_text\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing its big bet on artificial intelligence (AI), Meta seems to have set its sight on the next major plunge. If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$75\",\"$76\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\\\"\u003eiHumanoid? Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143146,\"tags\":[\"Electronic fabric\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Electronic fabric\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electronic-fabric\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$77\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3500,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$78\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:38:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:42:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:42 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"name\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"alt_text\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$79\",\"$7a\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143177,\"tags\":[\"Chernobyl\",\"Drones\",\"IAEA\",\"Nuclear plant\",\"nuclear war\",\"Russia\",\"Ukraine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Chernobyl\",\"slug\":\"chernobyl\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/chernobyl\"},{\"name\":\"Drones\",\"slug\":\"drones\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/drones\"},{\"name\":\"IAEA\",\"slug\":\"iaea\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/iaea\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear 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Nanoparticle therapy cuts plaque buildup in arteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/paper-sensor-detects-heart-problems\\\"\u003eNew paper-based sensor detects heart attack biomarkers in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\",\"slug\":\"bioengineer-anticoagulant-heparin-blood\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 months ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-21T18:13:41\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 01:13 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 21, 2024 01:13 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_60752a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Inside the battle to 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She is an environmental protection engineer, and she wrote her first scientific article as a student in 2009 which triggered her passion for science journalism. As a science, health, and environmental journalist she has been collaborating with many international media, including Nature, SciDev… She is a recipient of a number of noteworthy awards in her field of expertise.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHeparin, an essential anti-clotting drug, has been integral in preventing and treating blood clot-related conditions for over a century. Discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean, a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, and Professor William H. Howell, it was identified as an anticoagulant (medications that stop your blood from clotting) that would eventually revolutionize medicine. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, its practical application took time—initial studies laid the groundwork for human trials, \u003ca href=\\\"http://healthheritageresearch.com/Heparin-Conntact9608.html\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ewhich began in 1935\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$82\",\"$83\",\"$84\",\"$85\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eToday, over 10 million people in the United States alone rely on heparin or similar anticoagulant drugs. While challenges persist, ongoing research continues to address these issues, ensuring that heparin remains a vital component of modern medicine. 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marshes\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Carbon\",\"slug\":\"carbon\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/carbon\"},{\"name\":\"Salt marshes\",\"slug\":\"salt-marshes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/salt-marshes\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$86\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"US region\u0026#8217;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAs glaciers continue to melt, salt marshes grow vertically in order to keep up with rising sea levels, thus storing even more carbon.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAs glaciers continue to melt, salt marshes grow vertically in order to keep up with rising sea levels, thus storing even more carbon.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3732,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$87\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalyst-co2-methane-clean-energy\\\"\u003eCopper turns CO2 emissions into endless clean fuel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/3775-year-old-log-carbon-storage\\\"\u003e3775-year-old log inspires new wood-based carbon ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/tech-turns-co2-into-chemicals\\\"\u003eNew tech turns CO2 into chemicals with 93% efficiency ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"q0vns\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"q0vns\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"q0vns\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests\",\"slug\":\"salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T13:28:08\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T17:35:47\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 08:28 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 12:35 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/saltmarhes.png\",\"title\":\"US region\u0026#8217;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests\",\"name\":\"US region\u0026#8217;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests\",\"alt_text\":\"US region\u0026#8217;s salt marshes store 10 million cars’ worth of carbon, outperform forests\",\"description\":\"A sediment core retrieved from a salt marsh in Phippsburg, Maine (right).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1060329\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003eAerial Essex/UMass Amherst\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have demonstrated that New England’s salt marshes sequester carbon equivalent to the emissions of roughly 10 million cars within their top meter of soil. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, their research suggests these marshes capture additional carbon annually, comparable to the emissions from approximately 15,000 more cars each year.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst quantified carbon capture in the Northeast’s salt marshes using a new, highly accurate method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe recent study is expected to pave the way toward meeting the challenges of a warming world.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$88\",\"$89\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It’s really all about inundation at high-tide — that’s when you want the satellite to capture the picture,\u0026#8221; concluded Yellen.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/salt-marshes-store-carbon-outperform-forests\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A sediment core retrieved from a salt marsh in Phippsburg, Maine (right).\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/1060329\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003eAerial Essex/UMass Amherst\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/catalyst-co2-methane-clean-energy\\\"\u003eCopper turns CO2 emissions into endless clean fuel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/3775-year-old-log-carbon-storage\\\"\u003e3775-year-old log inspires new wood-based carbon ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/tech-turns-co2-into-chemicals\\\"\u003eNew tech turns CO2 into chemicals with 93% efficiency ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"q0vns\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"q0vns\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"notranslate HGLrXd NJjxre iUh30 ojE3Fb\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"q0vns\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"eqA2re UnOTSe Vwoesf\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143341,\"tags\":[\"Arctic\",\"Defense \u0026amp; 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His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn a bid to ensure combat readiness in challenging weather conditions, the United States Army is conducting extreme cold temperature testing on the M10 Booker armored infantry support vehicle at Fort Greely in Alaska. The information was made public by Peter George, the product manager of the Booker combat vehicle, through a post on social media.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe US Army is also increasing its Arctic operations to improve readiness in extreme conditions. Training exercises like Arctic Forge 25 will involve 330 US Soldiers from the 11th Airborne and 10th Mountain Divisions, along with 40 Canadian soldiers and 500 Finnish personnel. Additionally, 110 Soldiers from the 41st Field Artillery Brigade will be deployed to Norway to test long-range precision fire in Arctic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8c\",\"$8d\",\"$8e\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-tests-m10-booker-arctic-deployment\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The M10 Booker \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7296315012690653185/\\\"\u003ePeter George/LinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/tanks-warships-equipp-hydrogen-engines\\\"\u003eWar goes green: Military tanks, warships to save the planet with hydrogen engines\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/next-gen-m1-abrams-ammunition\\\"\u003eNext-gen M1 Abrams ammunition combines four legacy rounds into one powerful shot\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/us-army-adds-cold-weather-vehicles\\\"\u003eUS Army adds new cold weather vehicles with 18,000 lbs payload for Arctic operations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143297,\"tags\":[],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$8f\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":2,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1989 to 1999, Las Vegas transformed from neon lit glamour to family friendly resorts with castles, pyramids, and rollercoasters. 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The city had gone from being one of glits and glamour, neon signage, and showgirls, to family vacations, giant castles, pyramids and rollercoasters.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe casino corporations literally blew up half of the strip to make this new Vegas, but why was this done, how did they do it so quickly, and, with this newer style now looking rather dated and tired, was this change for the better?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/las-vegas-architecture-is-ingenious-but-is-it-good\",\"slug\":\"las-vegas-architecture-is-ingenious-but-is-it-good\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T13:13:55\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T13:13:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 08:13 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 08:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/WEB_38018a.jpg\",\"title\":\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\",\"name\":\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\",\"alt_text\":\"Las Vegas Architecture is Ingenious, but is it Good?!\",\"description\":\"\",\"reference\":\"\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Yağmur Kirali\",\"slug\":\"yagmur-kirali\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/T0G975ARW-U045WPP1K1V-629b731dd3d3-512-1.png\",\"page_url\":\"yagmur-kirali\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/yagmur-kirali\",\"description\":\"Yağmur is a senior social media executive based in Istanbul. She began her professional career in copywriting after graduating with a degree in comparative literature. Over time, her growing interest in social media led her to transition to a social media department.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom 1989 to 1999 Las Vegas went through a massive change. 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Casino giants demolished half the Strip to build this new Vegas but why, how so fast, and was it worth it?\",\"feed_video_duration\":\"\",\"app_video_link\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143318,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Space\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$90\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Sydney-based Extraterrestrial Power, these thinner solar cells could also be remotely manufactured in space in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3429,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$91\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"slug\":\"thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:18:14\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T11:19:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:18 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 06:19 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/thin-space-solar-panels.jpg\",\"title\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"name\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"alt_text\":\"New mass-producible space-grade solar cell promises 10x cost reduction\",\"description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eExtraterrestrial Power, a Sydney-based private Space Tech company, has unveiled its new space-grade solar cell thin enough to be mass-produced like terrestrial solar cells. Estimated to be up to ten times cheaper than current solar cells, this innovation could make waves in the space solar cell industry.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSupported by the Australian Space Agency, the federal government\u0026#8217;s satellite agency headquartered in Adelaide, this new technology is timely given the current rapid growth in satellite production.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$92\",\"$93\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese new cells could also enable the manufacturing of solar cells remotely in space. Harnessing in-situ resources such as lunar regolith (moon soil), which can melt down into different metals, is also a possibility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf achievable, cells manufactured in situ could power rovers, robotic systems, and infrastructure for permanent human outposts in space. To this end, Extraterrestrial Power has declared its ambition to become \u0026#8220;the electricity provider of the solar system.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“For humanity to move forward and become truly spacefaring, it needs an abundance of power in space, and sunshine is abundant in space,” Toth said. “When founding Extraterrestrial Power, I long wanted to connect my passion for space and solar, which originally meant manufacturing solar panels on the Moon from local materials,\u0026#8221; he added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/thin-space-grade-solar-cells-10x-cost-reduction\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Image of the new solar cell. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.extraterrestrialpower.com/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eExtraterrestrial Power\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/zeus-advance-nanowire-solar-cells-satellite\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eNext-gen nanowire cells to boost satellite operations by absorbing solar energy in space\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/clean-solar-power-from-space-startup-makes-major-progress\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eClean solar power from space? Startup makes major progress\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-plans-masssive-space-solar-station\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eChina plans space solar station with half-mile-long arrays for unprecedented power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143300,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"China\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"EV\",\"geely\",\"Geely Galaxy\",\"Transportation\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; 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His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina-based automobile giant Geely is pushing the boundaries of automotive AI with the launch of its Galaxy L7 EM-i.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i builds on the design of the Galaxy L7, featuring a through-type LED headlight group and a closed front panel. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs per the company, it delivers a WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of 1.05 to 1.3 liters per 100 km (62 miles) and a total cruising range of 1,240 km (770 miles). \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$96\",\"$97\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, Geely’s ‘Smart Geely 2025’ strategy aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced AI technologies, including voice interaction models, AI digital chassis, and intelligent driving systems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/china-geely-smart-hybrid-ev\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Geely Galaxy L7 EM-i\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.galaxy-geely.com/p145\\\"\u003eGeely Galaxy\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/geely-deepseek-partner-smart-car-ai\\\"\u003eChinese automaker partners with DeepSeek for next-gen smart car AI technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/geely-invests-in-satellite-network-to-boost-autonomous-car-safety\\\"\u003eGeely invests in satellite network to boost autonomous car safety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/golden-battery-fast-ev-charge\\\"\u003e80% in 9 minutes: Zeekr’s ‘Golden Battery’ sets record for fastest EV charging\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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waves\",\"slug\":\"gravitational-waves\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/gravitational-waves\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/space\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$98\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eWhile LIGO\u0026#8217;s laser can currently reach 750 kilowatts, it needs to surpass one megawatt to achieve its full potential.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3751,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$99\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"slug\":\"ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T10:02:49\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 05:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/LIGO-laser-boost.png\",\"title\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"name\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"alt_text\":\"LIGO to detect gravitational waves from 13 million light-years further with new device\",\"description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, is one of the most powerful scientific equipment for detecting gravitational waves. Covering an area of 16 square kilometers, it also happens to be among the world’s largest scientific facilities. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there’s something that prevents this giant instrument from realizing its full potential.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, LIGO’s laser power starts at 200 Watts, and with maximum amplification, it can go up to 750 kilowatts — but this is not enough. According to scientists, the LIGO laser must cross the one-megawatt level to accomplish desirable results. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9a\",\"$9b\",\"$9c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\\\"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.051401\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e is published in the journal \u003cem\u003ePhysical Review Letters\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-laser-boost-gravitational-waves\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers working on the newly developed optical device.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2025/02/14/new-technology-enhances-gravitational-wave-detection\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUniversity of California, Riverside (UCR)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/cosmic-explorer-mits-next-gen-gravitational-wave-detector-ligo\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eMIT’s next-gen gravitational-wave detector will replace LIGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ligo-might-spot-dark-matter\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eDark matter detection closer as LIGO’s potential boosted 10,000 times\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/the-ligo-observatory-is-finally-back-now-with-double-the-sensitivity\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThe LIGO observatory is finally back, now with double the sensitivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141374,\"tags\":[\"Earth\",\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Mars\",\"Olympus Mons\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Earth\",\"slug\":\"earth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/earth\"},{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Mars\",\"slug\":\"mars\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/mars\"},{\"name\":\"Olympus Mons\",\"slug\":\"olympus-mons\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/olympus-mons\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Lists\",\"Space\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Lists\",\"slug\":\"lists\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/lists\"},{\"name\":\"Space\",\"slug\":\"space\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/space\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$9d\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"lists\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":13,\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eFrom the tallest volcano in the solar system to billions of years old craters. Here are ten of the most astonishing and extreme geological places on our neighboring red planet.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12017,\"readTime\":\"11 minutes\",\"body\":\"$9e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"slug\":\"mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:34:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-16T09:37:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:34 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 16, 2025 04:37 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":true,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-14765621771.jpg\",\"title\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"name\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"alt_text\":\"Marvels on Mars: 10 astounding topographical features of the red planet\",\"description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sade Agard\",\"slug\":\"sade-agard\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/DoK2hv5YUdDF.png\",\"page_url\":\"sade-agard\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sade-agard\",\"description\":\"Sade is a geology graduate and Fellow of The Geological Society of London who she has experience publishing for. She enjoys writing and editing features of a range of scientific topics, with special interest in Earth science. Based in Windsor, Sade enjoys travelling to various sites of outstanding nature and has also lived in Thailand for a year.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eMars, our neighboring red planet, possesses some of the most extreme topographical features within our solar system. Its colossal volcanoes, canyons and impact craters offer clues into its geological past spanning billions of years.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eConsider Olympus Mons for example, the largest volcano in the solar system that stands almost three times taller than Mount Everest. Or the Valles Marineris canyon system which stretches longer than the breadth of the US. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$9f\",\"$a0\",\"$a1\",\"$a2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists speculate that it is composed of soft, easily erodible material. This may have originated from volcanic ash, wind-deposited dust, or sediments from ancient water bodies. Radar scans suggest MFF is unusually porous, with deposits possibly being some of the least dense solid material on Mars.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMFF\u0026#8217;s origins are still hotly contested, but a popular theory is that explosive volcanic eruptions from the nearby Tharsis volcanic region spewed massive quantities of ash that eventually consolidated into rock. Strong Martian winds then sculpted the land into strange \u0026#8216;yardangs\u0026#8217; (wind-carved rock formations), valleys, and ridges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGathering further knowledge of MFF can tell us more about Mars\u0026#8217; climatic history and shed light on its former volcanic activity, and atmospheric conditions. It may have contributed to the formation of the planet\u0026#8217;s atmosphere during Mars\u0026#8217; ancient times when liquid water was thought to be present.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a3\",\"$a4\",\"$a5\",\"$a6\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eReull Vallis is one of the prominent features that reveals clues about the climatic history of Mars. It also offers insights into the primary phases of water and ice dominating the planet’s surface, helping scientists establish the time in which Mars changed from a wet world to the dry, cold desert we see today. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/lists/mars-astounding-topographical-features-red-planet\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of Martian terrain and atmosphere\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mars-the-red-planet-martian-surface-and-dust-in-the-atmosphere-gm1476562177-505642869\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ePitris\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/6-remarkable-ways-to-unearth-fossils\\\"\u003eFossils: 6 coolest techniques used in 2022 to reveal past mysteries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/deadliest-tropical-cyclones-world-history\\\"\u003e9 deadliest tropical cyclones in world history\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/stranger-earth-six-weird-ways-the-climate-change-is-affecting-our-planet\\\"\u003eStranger Earth: Six weird ways climate change is affecting our planet\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":true,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143268,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have developed a method to store data using crystal defects as ones and zeroes, each the size of an individual atom.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUChicago PME Assistant Professor Tian Zhong explained that each memory cell is created from a single missing atom, or defect. This approach allows terabytes of data to be packed into a small cube of material just a millimeter in size, shows the research published in \u003cem\u003eNanophotonics\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a9\",\"$aa\",\"$ab\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/terabytes-of-data-in-millimeter-crystal\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A crystal used in the study charges under UV light. The process created by Zhong Lab could be used with a variety of materials, taking advantage of rare earths’ powerful, flexible optical properties.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pme.uchicago.edu/news/terabytes-data-millimeter-crystal\\\"\u003eZhong Lab\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/photon-powered-quantum-battery\\\"\u003ePhoton-powered quantum battery breakthrough could boost solar cell efficiency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-store-retrieve-quantum-data\\\"\u003eIn a global first, scientists create, store, and retrieve quantum data \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-hybrid-quantum-supercomputer-reimei-activated\\\"\u003eWorld’s first hybrid quantum supercomputer Reimei activated in Japan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143164,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\",\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"},{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ac\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technique, which involves injecting a lithium-ion carrier molecule into old batteries, has been found to extend their life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3690,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$ad\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"slug\":\"reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:32:02\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T16:33:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 11:33 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/iStock-16475641641.jpg\",\"title\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"name\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"alt_text\":\"Reverse aging in lithium batteries: China\u0026#8217;s precision therapy to extend EV cell life\",\"description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Christopher McFadden\",\"slug\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/XT3vqpiaHT53.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"christopher-mcfadden\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden\",\"description\":\"Christopher graduated from Cardiff University in 2004 with a Masters Degree in Geology. Since then, he has worked exclusively within the Built Environment, Occupational Health and Safety and Environmental Consultancy industries. He is a qualified and accredited Energy Consultant, Green Deal Assessor and Practitioner member of IEMA. Chris\u0026rsquo;s main interests range from Science and Engineering, Military and Ancient History to Politics and Philosophy.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have come up a new \u0026#8216;precision therapy\u0026#8217; for old lithium-ion batteries to restore them to near factory-fresh condition. Developed by a team at Fudan University in Shanghai, the method could extend battery life beyond 12,000 discharge cycles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis could have huge implications across several sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones and energy-storage facilities. Such technology would prove revolutionary for batteries typically lasting between 1,000 and 1,500 cycles (around six to eight years of use).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ae\",\"$af\",\"$b0\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eYou can view the study \u003ca href=\\\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39939772/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/reverse-aging-lithium-batteries-chinese-scientists-new-way\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Electric vehicle's lithium battery pack\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/electric-car-lithium-battery-pack-and-wiring-connections-internal-between-cells-on-gm1647564164-533812476\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekynny\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/750-percent-longer-lithium-battery-life\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e750% longer lithium battery life achieved with water-based breakthrough\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/thinnest-possible-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eThinnest possible lithium-ion battery’s energy storage process decoded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/china-self-healing-lithium-ion-battery\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eSelf-healing lithium-ion battery that stretches 250% unveiled in China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143224,\"tags\":[\"3d\",\"4D\",\"Physics\",\"quasicrystal\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"3d\",\"slug\":\"3d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/3d\"},{\"name\":\"4D\",\"slug\":\"4d\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/4d\"},{\"name\":\"Physics\",\"slug\":\"physics\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/physics\"},{\"name\":\"quasicrystal\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/quasicrystal\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$b1\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eNew study on quasicrystals shows the patterns we see in nature could be just shadows of a hidden reality from higher dimensions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3296,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b2\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"slug\":\"quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:32:24\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:43:04\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:32 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:43 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/quasicrystal.jpg\",\"title\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"name\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"alt_text\":\"When 3D meets 4D: Scientists decode the strange physics of quasicrystals\",\"description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt\",\"slug\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/ezxD3WoNFvMj.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/rupendra-brahambhatt\",\"description\":\"Rupendra Brahambhatt is an experienced writer, researcher, journalist, and filmmaker. With a B.Sc (Hons.) in Science and PGJMC in Mass Communications, he has been actively working with some of the most innovative brands, news agencies, digital magazines, documentary filmmakers, and nonprofits from different parts of the globe. As an author, he works with a vision to bring forward the right information and encourage a constructive mindset among the masses.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA team of international researchers has shown that four-dimensional structures can influence the mechanical and topological properties of quasiperiodic crystals. This finding confirms that quasicrystals are shaped by hidden higher-dimensional physics, not just random patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003equasiperiodic crystal\u003c/a\u003e (also called quasicrystal) is a solid material with an ordered structure that never repeats exactly, like how it happens in regular crystals but follows specific mathematical rules.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b3\",\"$b4\",\"$b5\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/quasicrystal-and-the-fourth-dimension\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A 3D illustration of a quasicrystal (left) and a real dodecahedral quasicrystal (right).\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLinKayser, AMES lab/Wikimedia Commons\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/quantum-chess-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-quasicrystals\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eQuantum chess: Unraveling the mysteries of quasicrystals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/understanding-fourth-dimension-3d-perspective\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eUnderstanding the Fourth Dimension From Our 3D Perspective\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-many-dimensions-does-our-universe-really-have\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"\u003eHow Many Dimensions Does Our Universe Really Have?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":143456,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"cell therapy\",\"diabetes\",\"ETH Zurich team\",\"gene switch\",\"Health\",\"highly effective \\\"gene switch\\\" to deliver targeted cell therapy\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Researchers have developed a new\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"cell 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unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eDiabetes is a major global health concern, affecting about one in ten individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eDiabetes is a major global health concern, affecting about one in ten individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3624,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$b7\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-inhibitor-enzyme-heparanase-diabetes\\\"\u003eDrug inhibits heparanase in mice, preventing diabetic issues\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\"\u003e1000s of diabetic patients in UK to get 'artificial pancreas'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/hydrogel-daily-diabetes-three-yearly\\\"\u003eNew hydrogel cuts daily diabetes shots to just three a year\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\",\"slug\":\"gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:20\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-17T10:13:28\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 17, 2025 05:13 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 17, 2025 05:13 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IE-5_a16172.jpg\",\"title\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"name\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"alt_text\":\"Swiss scientists unveil ‘gene switch’ patch to start cell therapy for diabetes\",\"description\":\"A skin patch with nitroglycerine is the switch that controls an implant underneath (symbolic image). \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\\\"\u003eJosef Kuster / ETH Zurich\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers have developed a new, highly effective \u0026#8220;gene switch\u0026#8221; to deliver targeted cell therapy. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ETH Zurich team states that this cell therapy has the potential to offer a more precise and personalized treatment for diabetes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDiabetes is a major global health concern, classified as a metabolic disease and affecting about one in ten individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe human body is naturally efficient at regulating blood sugar. However, this system fails in diabetes. Therefore, researchers have been working to develop cell therapies that mimic this natural process for treatment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b8\",\"$b9\",\"$ba\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/gene-switch-for-diabetes-cell-therapy\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"A skin patch with nitroglycerine is the switch that controls an implant underneath (symbolic image). \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/02/new-switch-for-the-cell-therapies-of-the-future.html\\\"\u003eJosef Kuster / ETH Zurich\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-inhibitor-enzyme-heparanase-diabetes\\\"\u003eDrug inhibits heparanase in mice, preventing diabetic issues\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\"\u003e1000s of diabetic patients in UK to get 'artificial pancreas'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/hydrogel-daily-diabetes-three-yearly\\\"\u003eNew hydrogel cuts daily diabetes shots to just three a year\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":142595,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"cancel treatment\",\"Cancer\",\"Health\",\"pancreas\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"cancel 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t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bioprinted-pancreas-could-end-diabetes\\\"\u003eMeet The Bioprinted Pancreas That Could End Diabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\",\"slug\":\"new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-12T23:58:30\",\"timeAgo\":\"5 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-12T23:58:38\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 12, 2025 06:58 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 12, 2025 06:58 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Canva-Photo-19.jpg\",\"title\":\"New blood test identifies elusive pancreatic cancer way before symptoms appear\",\"name\":\"New blood test identifies elusive pancreatic cancer way before symptoms appear\",\"alt_text\":\"New blood test identifies elusive pancreatic cancer way before symptoms appear\",\"description\":\"Jared Fischer, left, and Jose Luis Montoya Mira, cancer researchers at OHSU, have developed PAC-MANN.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\\\"\u003eOHSU\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new blood test developed by researchers at Oregon Health \u0026amp; Science University (OHSU) shows promise for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, a disease notorious for its high mortality rates due to late diagnosis.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe test, named PAC-MANN, which stands for \u0026#8220;protease activity-based assay using a magnetic nanosensor,\u0026#8221; could provide a critical tool for doctors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt can potentially lead to improved survival rates for patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bd\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team that developed this test, led by engineer and biologist Jose L. Montoya Mira, Ph.D., focused on creating a cost-effective and easily deployable method.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing blood samples from 350 patients, including those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, high-risk individuals, and healthy controls, researchers could pinpoint certain proteins, particularly proteases, whose \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eactivity\u003c/a\u003e levels rise in PDAC.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis targeted approach allows for the specific detection of pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-98-accuracy\\\"\u003e98% accuracy\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe PAC-MANN test boasts a 98% accuracy rate in distinguishing between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals or those with non-cancerous pancreatic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, combined with the CA 19-9 test, it demonstrated an 85% accuracy rate for identifying early-stage pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis dual functionality could offer clinicians substantial insight into detection and the efficacy of ongoing treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003ePost-surgery, for example, researchers noted a reduction in protease activity, which could indicate positive treatment responses.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe advantages of the PAC-MANN test extend beyond just its sensitivity. Unlike traditional diagnostic methods, it requires only a minimal blood sample of eight microliters and delivers results in approximately 45 minutes at less than a penny per sample.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This could easily be used in rural and underserved areas, where other tests may not be feasible,\u0026#8221; said Montoya, emphasizing the test’s potential for widespread application.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has plans for further investigations, including an upcoming trial in collaboration with the OHSU Knight Cancer Institute and CEDAR, aimed at high-risk patient populations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf additional clinical trials support the effectiveness of PAC-MANN, it could become an essential tool for early pancreatic cancer detection, ultimately expanding treatment options and improving patient outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs Fischer stated, “Hopefully, this is one step toward \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-pancreas-successfully-treat-diabetes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eending\u003c/a\u003e cancer as we know it.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe development of this test could mark a significant advance in the fight against pancreatic cancer, offering new hope for early diagnosis and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/new-blood-test-pancreatic-cancer\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Jared Fischer, left, and Jose Luis Montoya Mira, cancer researchers at OHSU, have developed PAC-MANN.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://news.ohsu.edu/2025/02/12/new-blood-test-identifies-hard-to-detect-pancreatic-cancer-with-85-accuracy\\\"\u003eOHSU\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-pancreas-successfully-treat-diabetes\\\"\u003eMajor breakthrough: Artificial pancreas successfully treats type 1 diabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/uk-artificial-pancreas-diabetes\\\"\u003eWorld-first: 1000s of diabetic patients in UK to get ‘artificial pancreas’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bioprinted-pancreas-could-end-diabetes\\\"\u003eMeet The Bioprinted Pancreas That Could End Diabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141830,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"Research\",\"Women\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"Research\",\"slug\":\"research\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/research\"},{\"name\":\"Women\",\"slug\":\"women\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/women\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Health\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Health\",\"slug\":\"health\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/health\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$be\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"health\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":10,\"title\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eA dozen scientists just published an initiative to map the ecosystem of a vagina: the vaginal microbiome. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eA dozen scientists just published an initiative to map the ecosystem of a vagina: the vaginal microbiome. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3794,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$bf\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/secret-sex-lives-of-bacteria\\\"\u003eSecret ‘sex lives’ of bacteria: New research unveils shocking truths about evolution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-call-for-ban-on-mirror-bacteria-research\\\"\u003e‘Mirror bacteria’ could cause lethal infections, irreversible harm if built: Scientists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/australias-fart-tracking-study\\\"\u003eFlatulence meets science: Australia’s fart tracking study explores gut health\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"health/we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\",\"slug\":\"we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-10T10:08:38\",\"timeAgo\":\"7 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-10T10:08:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 05:08 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 10, 2025 05:08 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Screen-Shot-2025-02-10-at-2.51.44-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"name\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"alt_text\":\"Atlas of vagina: Scientists map secrets of women’s reproductive tract microbes\",\"description\":\"Characteristics of normal vaginal microbiome. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Characteristics_of_BV_%28A%2C_C%29_and_normal_%28B%2C_D%29_vaginal_microbiome.jpg\\\"\u003eWikimedia\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA dozen scientists released a paper calling for the urgent need to map the ecosystem of a vagina for the sake of half the world\u0026#8217;s population. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\\\"\u003eAccording to the authors of a commentary published in\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eTrends in Microbiology\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, “Western medicine assumes an androcentric perspective at the expense of women. Women’s bodies and knowledge concerning their health have been neglected, controlled, and persecuted for centuries.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c0\",\"$c1\",\"$c2\",\"$c3\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/we-need-to-know-what-a-healthy-vagina\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Characteristics of normal vaginal microbiome. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Characteristics_of_BV_%28A%2C_C%29_and_normal_%28B%2C_D%29_vaginal_microbiome.jpg\\\"\u003eWikimedia\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/secret-sex-lives-of-bacteria\\\"\u003eSecret ‘sex lives’ of bacteria: New research unveils shocking truths about evolution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scientists-call-for-ban-on-mirror-bacteria-research\\\"\u003e‘Mirror bacteria’ could cause lethal infections, irreversible harm if built: Scientists\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/health/australias-fart-tracking-study\\\"\u003eFlatulence meets science: Australia’s fart tracking study explores gut health\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":141037,\"tags\":[\"Astral Systems\",\"Cancer\",\"Isotope\",\"Medical Diagnostics\",\"medical isotope\",\"multistate fusion\",\"Nuclear\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Astral 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medical isotope crisis for cancer diagnosis\",\"alt_text\":\"Desk-sized fusion reactors could solve medical isotope crisis for cancer diagnosis\",\"description\":\"Multi-State Fusion is a process that uses a single power input to achieve two parallel fusion reactions: one in plasma and one in a solid-state lattice.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.astralsystems.com/technology\\\"\u003eAstral Systems\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. 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Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. 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Aman holds expertise in politics, travel, and tech news, especially in AI, advanced algorithms, and blockchain, with a strong curiosity about all things that fall under science and tech.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have achieved a significant milestone in laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey have generated fast, bright proton beams by using the power of a simple water stream.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough addresses long-standing challenges and brings LPA technology closer to real-world applications.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“These exciting results pave the way for new applications of relativistic high-power lasers for applications in medicine, accelerator research, and inertial fusion,” said Siegfried Glenzer, director of the High Energy Density Science division at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d0\",\"$d1\",\"$d2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/water-fuels-us-laser-plasma-accelerator\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"This breakthrough was achieved using a readily available low-energy laser system.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/topics/lasers\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"font-weight: 400\\\"\u003eSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/supercharge-lasers-million-universe\\\"\u003e1,000,000x power lasers could be used to study the nature of the universe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/bow-shock-reveals-secrets-electron-injection\\\"\u003eA heavy 500 keV bow shock reveals the secrets of electron injection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/grapes-double-quantum-sensor-magnetic-power\\\"\u003eGrapes double quantum sensor magnetic power in a groundbreaking experiment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143194,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Elon Musk\",\"Facebook\",\"Humanoid robots\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Meta\",\"Optimus\",\"Tesla\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Elon Musk\",\"slug\":\"elon-musk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/elon-musk\"},{\"name\":\"Facebook\",\"slug\":\"facebook\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/facebook\"},{\"name\":\"Humanoid robots\",\"slug\":\"humanoid-robots\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/humanoid-robots\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Meta\",\"slug\":\"meta\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/meta\"},{\"name\":\"Optimus\",\"slug\":\"optimus\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/optimus\"},{\"name\":\"Tesla\",\"slug\":\"tesla\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/tesla\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d3\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eMeta\u0026#8217;s internal memo also revealed that the company plans to build \u0026#8220;more direct expertise\u0026#8221; 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Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"slug\":\"meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:58:41\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T15:02:55\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:58 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 10:02 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/image-1920x1080-humanoid-robots.png\",\"title\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"name\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"alt_text\":\"Meta to develop AI-driven humanoid robots under new Reality Labs division: Memo\",\"description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Bojan Stojkovski\",\"slug\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd5ba738ed0352dc008239f237f44a5d?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"bojan-stojkovski\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski\",\"description\":\"Bojan Stojkovski is a freelance journalist based in Skopje, North Macedonia, covering foreign policy and technology for more than a decade. His work has appeared in Foreign Policy, ZDNet, and Nature.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing its big bet on artificial intelligence (AI), Meta seems to have set its sight on the next major plunge. If an internal company memo accessed by \u003cem\u003eReuters \u003c/em\u003eis to be believed, the California-based tech conglomerate is setting up a new division as part of its Reality Labs unit to develop humanoid robots, powered by AI, which can assist with physical tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the memo reviewed by \u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e, Meta\u0026#8217;s chief technology officer Andrew Bosworth revealed that the robotics product group would focus on research and development of \u0026#8220;consumer humanoid robots\u0026#8221; aimed at maximizing its main series of AI foundation models called Llama. According to Bosworth, expanding the portfolio to invest in this field will bring additional value to Meta AI and its mixed and augmented reality programs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d5\",\"$d6\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the long run, Meta will face stiff competition from the likes of Tesla, whose CEO Elon Musk had recently \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003estated\u003c/a\u003e that his company’s humanoid robot Optimus is capable of performing many daily tasks and will eventually be sold to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTesla plans to deploy pre-production Optimus prototypes in its factories by late 2025, with production units expected to be available by 2026. During the current year, Tesla aims to have more than 1,000 robots in its manufacturing facilities, and Musk predicts that Optimus could help the company achieve a $25 trillion valuation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eWith production costs around $10,000 and a retail price of about $20,000 per unit, Tesla expects significant profitability. Musk also forecasts a global market for one billion robots annually, with the company capturing 10% of that market.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/meta-ai-humanoid-robots-reality-labs-memo\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image depicting humanoid robots\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/3d-rendering-biorobots-concept_29317036.htm#fromView=search\u0026amp;page=1\u0026amp;position=2\u0026amp;uuid=5429aa6c-723c-421e-aa71-2ea0ef58f106\u0026amp;query=humanoid+robots\\\"\u003eFreepik\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/apple-explores-humanoid-robots\\\"\u003eiHumanoid? Apple secretly planning powerful humanoid robot to rival China, Tesla\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/figure-ai-mass-producing-robot\\\"\u003eUS firm unveils plan for 100,000-strong humanoid robot army to counter China\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/teslas-optimus-humanoid-robot-conquers-hill\\\"\u003eWatch: Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robot conquers hill with new neural tech power \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143146,\"tags\":[\"Electronic fabric\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Electronic fabric\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/electronic-fabric\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$d7\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eReports revealed that the display achieves a brightness of 319 candelas per square meter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3500,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$d8\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"slug\":\"electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:38:09\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T14:42:46\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:38 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 09:42 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/fabric.png\",\"title\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"name\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"alt_text\":\"Fabric produces light, sound even if stretched to 200% of its length, can help wearables\",\"description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Prabhat Ranjan Mishra\",\"slug\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b4710e3afaf17fd2a2fdd32a29b1937c?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/prabhat-ranjan-mishra\",\"description\":\"Prabhat, an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, is a tech and defense journalist. While he enjoys writing on modern weapons and emerging tech, he has also reported on global politics and business. He has been previously associated with well-known media houses, including the International Business Times (Singapore Edition) and ANI.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists have created a new type of electronic fabric that maintains consistent performance even when repeatedly stretched, bent, and twisted. It\u0026#8217;s also capable of producing bright light and clear sound while stretching to double its original size.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeveloped by researchers from the Korea University of Technology and Education and the University of California San Diego, the composite material combines three significant components (Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe innovative sound display, which seamlessly translates auditory information into optical signals, was developed utilizing transparent ionogel electrodes and a high dielectric layer composed of Ecoflex, Triton X, and inorganic EL phosphor.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$d9\",\"$da\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electronic-fabric-produces-light-clear-sound\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers believe that their groundbreaking approach opens new avenues for the human–machine interface applications. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca class=\\\"photographer sxkUu5bV97Bq1nizhTta\\\" href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-hologram-landscape-background-gm1284442931-381578566\\\" data-testid=\\\"photographer\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"Skavx60ZymqpxWaVTy50\\\"\u003ekoto_feja\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/lg-display-expands-by-50-folds\\\"\u003eLG display expands by 50%, folds, twists, survives ...\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-panda-like-robot-saudi-tech-show\\\"\u003eChina’s UBTECH unveils humanoids and panda-like robot at Saudi tech show\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robots-dynamic-humanlike-expressions\\\"\u003eScientists develop tech for real-time, emotion-driven robot faces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false,\"is_dont_send_to_yahoo\":true},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\",\"is_ces_photo_article\":false},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":143177,\"tags\":[\"Chernobyl\",\"Drones\",\"IAEA\",\"Nuclear plant\",\"nuclear war\",\"Russia\",\"Ukraine\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Chernobyl\",\"slug\":\"chernobyl\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/chernobyl\"},{\"name\":\"Drones\",\"slug\":\"drones\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/drones\"},{\"name\":\"IAEA\",\"slug\":\"iaea\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/iaea\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear 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stress: Study stuns\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/chernobyl-farmland-radiation-level-safe-farming\\\"\u003eChernobyl soil declared ‘safe’ for farming 38 years after nuclear disaster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"military/chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"slug\":\"chernobyl-nuclear-reactor-barrier-damaged-drone\",\"publish_date\":\"2025-02-15T13:27:31\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2025-02-15T13:30:54\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 08:27 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Feb 15, 2025 08:30 AM 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